CN112378427A - Method for establishing reference optical axis of large-caliber optical system - Google Patents
Method for establishing reference optical axis of large-caliber optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378427A CN112378427A CN202110030206.9A CN202110030206A CN112378427A CN 112378427 A CN112378427 A CN 112378427A CN 202110030206 A CN202110030206 A CN 202110030206A CN 112378427 A CN112378427 A CN 112378427A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/62—Optical apparatus specially adapted for adjusting optical elements during the assembly of optical systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing a reference optical axis of a large-caliber optical system. The method comprises the following steps: the laser tracker scans the primary mirror to model and calculate the virtual central axis; adjusting the position of the target ball to meet the virtual central axis space equation; the interferometer marks the central position of the target ball; adjusting the center of the reticle to coincide with the center of a converged light spot of the interferometer to complete the marking of a space point on the virtual central axis; repeating the above operations to finish marking another space point on the virtual central axis; the theodolite is aligned with the centers of the two reticles to determine a reference optical axis. The method can quickly and accurately establish the installation and adjustment reference optical axis for the optical system, provides a reliable and accurate installation and adjustment reference for subsequent installation and adjustment detection work, and is suitable for various optical systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical detection, relates to an optical telescope adjustment technical method, and particularly relates to a large-caliber optical system reference optical axis establishing method adopting laser tracker-interferometer combined measurement.
Background
In the field of large optical system development, after parts required in devices such as a large-aperture telescope, a large-aperture collimator and the like are processed, a specific optical assembly and adjustment technology is required to carry out system assembly and adjustment, and the optical system after assembly and adjustment can normally work. The telescope is adjusted to install each optical element to a specific spatial position according to the optical design requirement, so that the system achieves the optical performance required by the design. If the telescope has a misalignment amount, the conditions of aberration increase, imaging quality reduction, target detail loss and the like can be caused, so that the optical system can reach the design standard through a reasonable installation and adjustment process.
In the common optical system installation and adjustment schemes such as a telescope and the like, the main mirror and mechanical positioning are relied on, and the optical axis marking process is avoided. The method uses the primary mirror as a system to establish the whole adjusting reference, uses the wave aberration of the system as a judgment basis, and realizes the adjustment of the optical system by adjusting the secondary mirror. In the other scheme, two cross lines are drawn by taking the edge of the primary mirror as a reference, and a cross wire is used as the center of the vertex of the primary mirror to establish the reference. The two schemes can not accurately find the main optical axis of the main mirror, so that the pointing direction of the optical system, the off-axis visual field image quality and the design are deviated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a large-caliber optical system reference optical axis establishing method based on laser tracker-interferometer combined measurement, which can quickly establish the installation and adjustment reference optical axes of optical systems such as a telescope. The method has strong universality, is suitable for the adjustment of various types of main mirrors, and particularly has good applicability to the annular main mirror which cannot be adjusted by the traditional method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for establishing a reference optical axis of a large-aperture optical system, comprising:
step 1: placing the target ball (2) at the edge of the main mirror (7), recording the spatial position of the target ball (2), moving the target ball (2) at the edge of the main mirror (7) to obtain n target ball (2) coordinates
Wherein x isn，yn，znIs the space position coordinate of the target ball;
step 2: establishing the outer contour of the primary mirror (7) according to the coordinates obtained in the step (1)
And calculating to obtain a space linear equation of the virtual central axis
Wherein
The position coordinates of the known points on the virtual central axis are shown, and m, n and p are direction vectors S = (m, n and p) of a space linear equation;
and step 3: placing the target ball (2) on a high-precision translation table (3), adjusting the position of the target ball (2) in space, and monitoring the position coordinate of the target ball (2) in real time until the coordinate of the target ball (2)
Satisfy the space linear equation
The central point of the target ball (2) is positioned on the central shaft;
and 4, step 4: aligning the interferometer (4) to the measurement target ball (2), adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) along the direction of the virtual central axis until interference fringes appear in the visual field of the interferometer (4), finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) to reduce the number of the interference fringes in the visual field, indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is near the spherical center of the target ball (2), continuously finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) until the number of the interference fringes in the visual field is minimum, and indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is coincided with the spherical center of the target ball (2);
and 5: removing the target ball (2), finely adjusting the position of the first reticle (5) until the intersection point of the convergent light spot of the interferometer (4) and the cross line of the first reticle (5) is superposed, namely the first reticle (5) is adjusted in place, fixing the first reticle (5) in the space, wherein the position of the first reticle (5) is
；
Step 6: replacing the position of the target ball (2), repeating the steps 3-5, determining the position of another point on the central shaft, and marking by using a second reticle (6), wherein the position of the second reticle (6) is
；
And 7: and (3) removing the target ball (2) and the interferometer (4), and respectively aligning the cross intersection points of the first reticle (5) and the second reticle (6) by using a theodolite (8) to establish a reference optical axis of the primary mirror (7).
Further, the spatial position of the target ball is recorded using a laser tracker.
Furthermore, software in the laser tracker is utilized to establish the outline of the primary mirror, and the position coordinates of the target ball are monitored in real time in the laser tracker software.
Further, the first reticle position was fine-tuned using a micrometer microscope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method for establishing the assembling and adjusting reference axis of the optical system such as the telescope can quickly and accurately establish the assembling and adjusting reference optical axis for the optical system, provide reliable and accurate assembling and adjusting reference for subsequent assembling and adjusting detection work, and ensure that the performance of the optical system meets the design requirement. The invention has strong adaptability, and can be applied to various optical systems: the optical system of various traditional telescopes, collimator tubes and annular primary mirrors. The optical-mechanical system established by the invention has the advantages of high assembly and adjustment reference axis precision, high digitization degree, high establishment speed of the reference, and simple and efficient overall scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of primary mirror optical axis modeling;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a target ball positioning light path;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a reticle positioning optical path;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the main optical axis positioning;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a 2m ring primary mirror;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a 2m ring primary mirror;
fig. 7 is a measurement flowchart.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a laser tracker; 2. a target ball; 3. a high-precision translation stage; 4. an interferometer; 5. a first reticle; 6. a second reticle; 7. a primary mirror; 8. a theodolite; 9. a micrometric microscope; 10. a central axis.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for establishing the reference optical axis of the large-aperture optical system in the embodiment uses a laser tracker 1, a target ball 2, a three-dimensional high-precision translation 3, an interferometer 4, a first reticle 5, a second reticle 6, a primary mirror 7, a theodolite 8 and a micrometering microscope 9 to establish the reference optical axis. The embodiment can quickly establish the installation and adjustment reference optical axis of an optical system such as a telescope. The following embodiment exemplifies a 2m ring-shaped primary mirror.
Step 1 (shown in fig. 1): placing the target ball (2) at the edge of a main mirror (7), recording the space position of the target ball (2) by using a laser tracker (1), moving the target ball (2) at the edge of the main mirror (7) to obtain the coordinates of n target balls (2)
Wherein x isn，yn，znIs the spatial position coordinate of the target ball in the laser tracker (1) software;
step 2: coordinates obtained from step 1 in a laser tracker (1)) An equation of the outer contour cylindrical surface or the middle hole cylindrical surface of the main mirror (7) is established in software
And calculating to obtain a space linear equation of the virtual central axis
Wherein
The position coordinates of known points on a virtual central axis in the laser tracker (1) are shown, and m, n and p are direction vectors S = (m, n and p) of a space linear equation;
step 3 (shown in fig. 2): placing the target ball (2) on a high-precision translation table (3), adjusting the position of the target ball (2) in space, and monitoring the position coordinate of the target ball (2) in real time in the software of the laser tracker (1) until the coordinate of the target ball (2)
Satisfy the space linear equation
The central point of the target ball (2) is positioned on the central shaft;
and 4, step 4: aligning the interferometer (4) to the measurement target ball (2), adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) along the direction of the virtual central axis until interference fringes appear in the visual field of the interferometer (4), finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) to reduce the number of the interference fringes in the visual field, indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is near the spherical center of the target ball (2), continuously finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) until the number of the interference fringes in the visual field is minimum, and indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is coincided with the spherical center of the target ball (2);
step 5 (shown in fig. 3): removing the target ball (2), and finely adjusting the position of the first reticle (5) by using a micrometer microscope (9) until the convergence light spot of the interferometer (4) is superposed with the cross line intersection of the first reticle (5) to indicate that the first reticle (5) is adjusted in placeA first reticle is fixed in the space (5)
；
Step 6: replacing the position of the target ball (2), repeating the steps 3-5, and determining the position of another point on the central shaft
And is identified by a second reticle (6);
step 7 (shown in fig. 4): the laser tracker (1), target ball (2) and interferometer (4) are removed and aligned with the first reticle (5) using theodolite (8)
And a second reticle (6)
Thereby establishing a reference optical axis of the primary mirror (7).
Fig. 5-6 are schematic structural views of the 2m ring-shaped primary mirror 7. Fig. 7 is a measurement flowchart.
In summary, the method for establishing the reference optical axis of the large-aperture optical system comprises a laser tracker, a target ball, a three-dimensional high-precision translation stage, an interferometer, a primary mirror, a reticle, a micrometering microscope and a theodolite. The method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) the laser tracker scans the primary mirror to model and calculate the virtual central axis; (2) adjusting the position of the target ball to meet the virtual central axis space equation; (3) the interferometer marks the central position of the target ball; (4) adjusting the center of the reticle to coincide with the center of a converged light spot of the interferometer to complete the marking of a space point on the virtual central axis; (5) repeating the steps 2-4 to finish marking another space point on the virtual central axis; (6) the theodolite is aligned with the centers of the two reticles to determine a reference optical axis. The method can realize the quick and accurate establishment of the installation and adjustment reference optical axis of optical systems such as a telescope and the like in the installation and adjustment stage, and provides accurate and reliable installation and adjustment reference for the subsequent installation and adjustment process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the invention not described in detail in the specification are within the skill of those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for establishing a reference optical axis of a large-aperture optical system, comprising:
step 1: placing the target ball (2) at the edge of the main mirror (7), recording the spatial position of the target ball (2), moving the target ball (2) at the edge of the main mirror (7) to obtain n target ball (2) coordinates
Wherein x isn，yn，znIs the space position coordinate of the target ball;
step 2: establishing the outer contour of the primary mirror (7) according to the coordinates obtained in the step (1)
And calculating to obtain a space linear equation of the virtual central axis
Wherein
The position coordinates of the known points on the virtual central axis are shown, and m, n and p are direction vectors S = (m, n and p) of a space linear equation;
and step 3: placing the target ball (2) on a high-precision translation table (3), adjusting the position of the target ball (2) in space, and monitoring the position coordinate of the target ball (2) in real time until the coordinate of the target ball (2)
Satisfy the space linear equation
The central point of the target ball (2) is positioned on the central shaft;
and 4, step 4: aligning the interferometer (4) to the measurement target ball (2), adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) along the direction of the virtual central axis until interference fringes appear in the visual field of the interferometer (4), finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) to reduce the number of the interference fringes in the visual field, indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is near the spherical center of the target ball (2), continuously finely adjusting the position of the interferometer (4) until the number of the interference fringes in the visual field is minimum, and indicating that the lens focus of the interferometer (4) is coincided with the spherical center of the target ball (2);
and 5: removing the target ball (2), finely adjusting the position of the first reticle (5) until the intersection point of the convergent light spot of the interferometer (4) and the cross line of the first reticle (5) is superposed, namely the first reticle (5) is adjusted in place, fixing the first reticle (5) in the space, wherein the position of the first reticle (5) is
；
Step 6: replacing the position of the target ball (2), repeating the steps 3-5, determining the position of another point on the central shaft, and marking by using a second reticle (6), wherein the position of the second reticle (6) is
；
And 7: and (3) removing the target ball (2) and the interferometer (4), and respectively aligning the cross intersection points of the first reticle (5) and the second reticle (6) by using a theodolite (8) to establish a reference optical axis of the primary mirror (7).
2. The method for establishing the reference optical axis of the large-aperture optical system according to claim 1, wherein the spatial position of the target ball (2) is recorded by using a laser tracker (1).
3. The method for establishing the reference optical axis of the large-aperture optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer contour of the main mirror (7) is established by software in the laser tracker (1), and the position coordinates of the target ball (2) are monitored in real time in the software of the laser tracker (1).
4. The method for establishing the reference optical axis of the large-caliber optical system according to claim 1, wherein the position of the first reticle (5) is finely adjusted by using a micrometer microscope (9).
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