CN112369292A - Self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs - Google Patents
Self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369292A CN112369292A CN202011294314.9A CN202011294314A CN112369292A CN 112369292 A CN112369292 A CN 112369292A CN 202011294314 A CN202011294314 A CN 202011294314A CN 112369292 A CN112369292 A CN 112369292A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method of rice and crabs, belonging to the technical field of rice and crab seed culture, a plurality of crab seed inhabiting ditches are arranged in a pond, crabs are cultured in the crab seed inhabiting ditches, rice is planted in a rice planting area, the crabs can upwards guide to climb to the rice planting area from a climbing-assisting net on the slope surface of the crab seed inhabiting ditches for foraging, the crabs can clear weeds and pests in the field, the excrement can fertilize the field and promote the growth of the rice, so that the symbiotic co-culture one-pond dual-purpose is realized, in addition, hollow discharging plates are arranged on the crab seed inhabiting ditches, are used for the walking of culturing personnel, are convenient for observing the growth conditions of the rice and the crabs, are also convenient for the personnel to throw baits into the crab seed inhabiting ditches, a fiber carrier group floating in water can catch and suspend a thrown water-soluble bait, so that the bait is prevented from sinking completely once to affect the feeding of the crabs, and is guided to release slowly after the water-soluble bait is attached to the fiber carrier, the growth environment of the crabs is effectively improved by matching with regular water change and aeration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice and crab breeding, in particular to a self-guided comprehensive breeding method for rice and crabs.
Background
With the continuous innovation of modern agricultural technology, agricultural planting and aquaculture are combined with each other and reasonably combined, and the shallow water environment of the rice field is utilized to plant rice and simultaneously culture aquatic products, so that the method is a production mode for organically combining agricultural planting and aquaculture, and is an important technical measure for developing ecological agriculture and improving the comprehensive benefit of the rice field. The aquatic product can be obtained, the cultivated aquatic product can be used for eating pests and weeds in the rice field, excreting excrement, and turning over soil to promote the decomposition of fertilizer, thereby creating good conditions for rice production.
In recent years, due to the stimulation of market economy and the brave exploration of aquaculture science and technology workers, the pond culture technology of various aquaculture organisms is transplanted to a rice field and is properly reformed, so that the content of the culture aquaculture aquatic theory of the traditional rice field is greatly enriched, a modern rice field fish culture theory new framework utilized by the ecological fishery of the rice field is formed, the rice culture technology and the aquaculture technology are driven to revolute, and the popularization of the rice field aquaculture new technology has wide and profound significance and effect.
Nowadays, not only the rice flower fish but also more and more aquatic products capable of symbiosis with rice appearing in the rice field will be introduced into the field. The river crab is delicious in taste, rich in nutrition and high in economic value, is rich in vitamin A and riboflavin, promotes growth, prolongs life, maintains the health of epithelial cells and enhances the resistance of a human body to infectious diseases. River crabs are introduced into a rice field to form a brand-new rice and crab cooperative symbiosis new mode, and practices prove that the novel rice and crab symbiosis mode has very important social significance for accelerating the change of agricultural development modes, promoting the development of modern agriculture, providing high-quality and safe grains and aquatic products for the society, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and increasing the income of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs, which is characterized in that a plurality of crab species inhabiting ditches are arranged in a pond, crabs are cultured in the crab species inhabiting ditches, rice is planted in a rice planting area, the crabs can upwards guide from a climbing-assisting net on the slope surface of the crab species inhabiting ditches to climb to the rice planting area for foraging, the crabs can clear weeds and pests in a field, excrement of the crabs can fertilize the field and promote the growth of the rice, the symbiotic co-culture one-pond dual-purpose is realized, in addition, hollow discharging plates are erected on the crab species inhabiting ditches and are used for walking of culture personnel, the growth conditions of the rice and the crabs can be conveniently observed, meanwhile, the personnel can conveniently throw baits into the crab species inhabiting ditches, fiber carrier clusters floating in water can suspend caught water-soluble bait agents, and the influence on the feeding of the crabs due to one-time sinking of the water-soluble bait agents is avoided, the water-soluble bait is attached to the fiber carrier pellet and then slowly released, and the growth environment of the crabs is effectively improved by matching with regular water changing and aeration.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning treatment: pumping water in the last ten days of 3 months to clean the pond, ploughing and turning over ridges for two times on the mud between ponds in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, wherein the ridge drying time for the first time is 6-9d, the ridge drying time for the second time is 10-12d, and after each ploughing, weeding medicaments are sprayed to each corner of the crab pond to remove harmful impurities in the ponds such as alternanthera philoxeroides and the like;
s2, ditching and water storing: excavating crab spawn inhabiting ditches in the crab pond every 1-1.2m in late 4 months, covering a rice planting area outside the ditch, covering a layer of climbing assisting net on the slope surface of the crab spawn inhabiting ditches, enabling the water depth of water entering the surface of the rice planting area to be 0.1-0.2m, enabling the water depth of discharged water remaining in the crab spawn inhabiting ditches to be 0.4-0.5 after every other day, and applying organic fertilizer to the rice planting area according to the amount of 190 kg/mu of 150 plus materials;
s3, seedling raising and transplanting: sowing and raising rice seedlings in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting rice seedling varieties which have long growth period, lodging resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and excellent rice quality in the last ten days of 5 months into a rice planting area;
s4, crab larva throwing: in the middle ten days of 6 months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique and can live well are selected to be released according to the amount of 800 crab seedlings/mu of 750 plus materials;
s5, bait throwing: feeding soybean milk 1-2.5 kg per mu in 3-5 days after putting seedlings, feeding once in the morning and at night, feeding 0.4 kg per mu in 3-5 days after 3-5 days, feeding once in the evening every day, and regularly feeding water-soluble bait into the crab seed inhabiting ditches after 8-10 days;
s6, field management: after crab seedlings are put in, a bait casting frame with the bottom inserted into the crab seed perching ditch is built, personnel walk on the bait casting frame to cast bait, the water level is gradually increased according to the plant height of rice and the breeding production requirements, the water level is controlled not to submerge heart leaves, water is replaced every-d, and topdressing is carried out in time after the water is replaced.
Furthermore, the crab spawn inhabiting ditch is of a trapezoidal structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part, the width of the ditch surface is 0.7-0.9m, the width of the ditch bottom is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the ditch is 0.6-0.8m, and the crab spawn inhabiting ditch is of a trapezoidal structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, so that on one hand, the water storage of the crab spawn inhabiting ditch is facilitated, and on the other hand, the formed inclined slope surface is easy for the crabs and the rice to climb to the rice planting area to seek food and inha.
Furthermore, help and climb the net including laying the anti-collapse of laying on the crab kind perches the ditch slope and laying the net, the outside of the anti-collapse of laying the net is equipped with rather than assorted outer locating frame, the inside crisscross distribution of violently erects of outer locating frame has a plurality of vertical poles of climbing, horizontal pole of climbing, lies in inboard anti-collapse and lays the net and play the inside lining effect of outside locating frame on the one hand, and on the other hand effectively plays the anti-collapse effect to the slope of crab kind perches the ditch, can effectively avoid the in-process of the crawl foraging of rice crab to cause the soil slipping of rice planting district lateral part, and utilizes the crisscross structure of violently erecting that vertical pole of climbing and horizontal pole formed, is favorable to crawling of rice crab.
Further, all the cladding has the flexibility to contain cotton layer on the terminal surface of vertical pole and horizontal pole of climbing, and the flexibility contains cotton layer and effectively plays certain guard action to it crawling the in-process to the rice crab, the bottom of outer positioning frame is run through and is inserted and be equipped with the aeration pipe, the inner of aeration pipe extends to the inside of outer positioning frame, and has seted up a plurality ofly on the bottom lateral wall of outer positioning frame and aeration pipe assorted aeration hole, and the top of aeration pipe extends to the pond external side, utilizes the aeration pipe effectively to plant the inside oxygen suppliment that carries out in district to the rice, regularly trades the water oxygen suppliment, provides a good aquaculture environment for the rice crab.
Furthermore, the feeding frame comprises a hollowed-out feeding plate positioned above the crab spawn inhabiting ditch, four corners of the lower end of the hollowed-out feeding plate are inserted into the crab spawn inhabiting ditch through reinforcing piles, reinforcing ribs are arranged at the bottom ends of the reinforcing piles, and after the hollowed-out feeding plate is erected, the hollowed-out feeding plate can be used for enabling breeding personnel to walk so as to observe growth conditions of rice and crabs in a pond and simultaneously bring convenience for the personnel to feed bait into a rice planting area.
Further, it has a plurality of spacing dishes to fretwork material releasing plate last horizontal distribution, the bottom of spacing dish is connected with and hangs down the silk, the bottom of hanging down the silk is equipped with and is used for the adnexed fibre of water-soluble bait to carry the material group, and the fibre carries the material group to be located aqueous, and the fibre carries the height of material group and can suitably adjust along with the depth of water, at the in-process of throwing water-soluble bait, and partial water-soluble bait can be attached to on the fibre carries the material group to effectively avoid the whole bottom of sinking of the water-soluble bait of input, in addition, a plurality of fibre that sink into aqueous carry the material group and still play certain sunshade effect, effectively avoid the interior water temperature of crab kind of habitat too high.
Further, the fibre carries the material group to weave the cluster column structure that forms for a plurality of textile fiber silk of hanging down the silk bottom in connecting, and textile fiber silk goes up to distribute has a plurality of arc fiber barbs, and the cluster column structure cooperation is attached to the arc fiber barb on the fibre carries the material group, is favorable to playing the capture effect to the water-soluble bait of input.
Further, water-soluble bait is including the water-soluble outer bag ball that is located the outside, the inside of water-soluble outer bag ball is filled with the nourishment material, it has a plurality of fibre pile to distribute on the outer terminal surface of water-soluble outer bag ball, and water-soluble bait is behind down, and the cooperation of the spacing barb of arc on fibre pile and the fibre year material group is favorable to water-soluble bait to hang and is attached to on the fibre year material group.
Furthermore, the water-soluble outer bag ball comprises a solid filling bag, a plurality of seepage holes are formed in the solid filling bag, a water-soluble filling layer is arranged at the seepage holes and is formed by effervescent disintegrant, and when the water-soluble bait sinks in water, the water-soluble filling layer is decomposed by water, and the nutrient materials in the water-soluble filling layer seep out of the seepage holes and are slowly released.
Further, before S4, a small amount of aquatic plants are planted in the crab spawn inhabiting ditch, the aquatic plants are one or more of duckweed, water lettuce and water hyacinth, and the aquatic plants are beneficial to the growth of the rice crabs.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the scheme is that a plurality of crab species inhabiting ditches are arranged in a pond, crabs are cultured in the crab species inhabiting ditches, rice is planted in a rice planting area, the crabs can upwards guide to climb to the rice planting area from a climbing assisting net on the slope surface of the crab species inhabiting ditches to seek for food, the crabs can clear weeds and pests in a field, excrement of the crabs can fertilize the field and promote the growth of the rice and realize symbiotic co-culture one-pond dual-purpose, in addition, hollow discharging plates are erected on the crab species inhabiting ditches and are used for walking of culture personnel, the growth conditions of the rice and the crabs are convenient to observe, meanwhile, the personnel can conveniently throw baits into the crab species inhabiting ditches, a fiber carrying mass floating in water can catch and hang the thrown water-soluble bait, the feeding of the crabs is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the water-soluble bait all sinks at one time, the water-soluble bait is slowly guided to release after being attached to the fiber carrying mass, and is matched with regular water change, effectively improve the growth environment of the crabs.
(2) The crab species inhabiting ditch is of a trapezoidal structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part, the width of the ditch surface is 0.7-0.9m, the width of the ditch bottom is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the ditch is 0.6-0.8m, and the crab species inhabiting ditch is arranged to be of a trapezoidal structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, so that on one hand, the water storage of the crab species inhabiting ditch is facilitated, and on the other hand, the formed inclined slope surface is easy for rice crabs to climb upwards to a rice planting area for eating and inha.
(3) The climbing assisting net comprises an anti-collapse laying net laid on the slope of the crab seed inhabiting ditch, the outer side of the anti-collapse laying net is provided with an outer positioning frame matched with the anti-collapse laying net, a plurality of vertical climbing rods are distributed in the outer positioning frame in a transverse and vertical staggered manner, the transverse climbing rods are distributed in the outer positioning frame in a transverse and vertical staggered manner, the anti-collapse laying net located on the inner side plays a role in lining the outer positioning frame on the one hand, on the other hand, the anti-collapse effect is effectively played on the slope of the crab seed inhabiting ditch, soil slipping of the lateral part of a rice planting area is caused in the crawling and foraging process of rice crabs, the transverse and vertical staggered structure formed by the vertical climbing rods and the transverse climbing.
(4) Vertical pole and horizontal pole of climbing all the cladding has the flexibility to contain cotton layer on the terminal surface, the flexibility contains cotton layer and effectively plays certain guard action to it crawling the in-process to the rice crab, the bottom of outer locating frame is run through and is inserted and be equipped with the aeration pipe, the inner of aeration pipe extends to the inside of outer locating frame, and set up a plurality ofly on the bottom lateral wall of outer locating frame and aeration pipe assorted aeration hole, the top of aeration pipe extends to the external side of pool, utilize the aeration pipe effectively to plant the district inside oxygen suppliment to the rice, regularly trade the water oxygen suppliment, provide a good aquaculture environment for the rice crab.
(5) The feeding frame comprises a hollowed-out feeding plate positioned above the crab spawn inhabiting ditch, four corners of the lower end of the hollowed-out feeding plate are inserted into the crab spawn inhabiting ditch through reinforcing piles, reinforcing ribs are arranged at the bottom ends of the reinforcing piles, and after the hollowed-out feeding plate is erected, feeding personnel can walk so as to observe growth conditions of rice and crabs in a pond and simultaneously feed the rice in a rice planting area.
(6) The fretwork is put horizontal distribution on the flitch and is had a plurality of spacing dishes, the bottom of spacing dish is connected with and hangs down the silk, the bottom of hanging down the silk is equipped with and is used for the adnexed fibre of water-soluble bait to carry the material group, the fibre carries the material group to be located aqueous, and the height that the fibre carried the material group can suitably be adjusted along with the depth of water, at the in-process of throwing water-soluble bait, part of water-soluble bait can be attached to on the fibre carries the material group, thereby effectively avoid the whole bottom of sinking of the water-soluble bait of input, in addition, a plurality of fibre that sink in aqueous carry the material group and still play certain sunshade effect, effectively avoid the crab kind to perch the inslot water temperature too high.
(7) The fiber carrying cluster is a cluster structure formed by weaving a plurality of textile fiber yarns connected to the bottom end of the vertical yarns, a plurality of arc-shaped fiber barbs are distributed on the textile fiber yarns, and the cluster structure is matched with the arc-shaped fiber barbs attached to the fiber carrying cluster, so that the thrown water-soluble bait agent is captured.
(8) The soluble bait comprises a water-soluble outer balloon positioned on the outer side, the inside of the water-soluble outer balloon is filled with a nutrient material, a plurality of fiber fluff is distributed on the outer end face of the water-soluble outer balloon, and after the water-soluble bait falls down, the fiber fluff is matched with an arc-shaped limiting barb on a fiber carrying material group, so that the water-soluble bait is favorably hung and attached to the fiber carrying material group.
(9) The water-soluble outer capsule ball comprises a solid filling capsule, a plurality of seeping material holes are formed in the solid filling capsule, a water-soluble filling layer is arranged at the seeping material holes and is formed by effervescent disintegrating agents, and when the water-soluble bait meets water, the water-soluble filling layer is decomposed by the water, and nutrient materials in the water-soluble filling layer seep out of the seeping material holes and are slowly released in a guiding mode.
(10) A small amount of aquatic plants are planted in the crab seed inhabiting ditch, the aquatic plants are one or more of duckweed, water lettuce and water hyacinth, and the aquatic plants are beneficial to the growth of rice crabs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the junction between the crab spawn habitat and the rice planting region of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the crawling assistance net of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the junction of the hollowed-out material discharge plate and a plurality of fiber-carrying clusters of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the junction of a drop wire and a fiber carrier mass of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of the junction of a fibrous dough load and a water-soluble bait according to the present invention;
figure 7 includes a partial cross-sectional view of a water-soluble bait according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1 crab spawn inhabitation ditch, 2 rice planting areas, 3 climbing-assisting nets, 301 collapse-preventing laying nets, 302 outer positioning frames, 3021 vertical climbing rods, 3022 horizontal climbing rods, 4 hollowed-out discharging plates, 5 reinforcing piles, 501 reinforcing ribs, 6 vertical wires, 7 fiber carrying material balls, 8 aeration pipes, 9 water-soluble bait, 901 water-soluble outer capsule balls, 902 nutrient materials and 903 fiber fluff.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-4, a self-guided integrated planting and breeding method for rice and crabs includes the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning treatment: pumping water in the last ten days of 3 months to clean the pond, ploughing and turning over ridges for two times on the mud between ponds in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, wherein the ridge drying time for the first time is 6-9d, the ridge drying time for the second time is 10-12d, and after each ploughing, weeding medicaments are sprayed to each corner of the crab pond to remove harmful impurities in the ponds such as alternanthera philoxeroides and the like;
s2, ditching and water storing: excavating crab spawn inhabiting ditches 1 in the crab pond every 1-1.2m in the late 4 months, covering a rice planting area 2 outside the ditch, covering a layer of climbing assisting net 3 on the slope surface of the crab spawn inhabiting ditches 1, leading water to the surface of the rice planting area 2 to have the water depth of 0.1-0.2m, leading the discharged water to keep the water depth in the crab spawn inhabiting ditches 1 to be 0.4-0.5 after every other day, and applying 190 kg/mu of organic fertilizer to the crab spawn inhabiting ditches 2 according to the amount of 150 plus one year;
s3, seedling raising and transplanting: sowing and raising rice seedlings in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting rice seedling varieties which have long growth period, lodging resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and excellent rice quality in the last ten days of 5 months to the rice planting area 2;
s4, crab larva throwing: in the middle ten days of 6 months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique and can live well are selected to be released according to the amount of 800 crab seedlings/mu of 750 plus materials;
s5, bait throwing: feeding soybean milk 1-2.5 kg per mu within 3-5 days after putting seedlings, feeding once in the morning and at night, feeding 0.4 kg per mu after 3-5 days, feeding once in the evening every day, and regularly feeding water-soluble bait 9 into the crab spawn inhabiting ditches 1 after 8-10 days;
s6, field management: after crab seedlings are put in, a bait casting frame with the bottom inserted into the crab seed perching ditch 1 is built, personnel walk on the bait casting frame to cast bait, the water level is gradually increased according to the plant height of rice and the breeding production requirements, the water level is based on not submerging leaves, water is replaced every 10-15 days, and topdressing is carried out in time after the water is replaced.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the crab spawn habitat 1 is a ladder-shaped structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part, the width of the ditch surface is 0.7-0.9m, the width of the ditch bottom is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the ditch is 0.6-0.8m, the ladder-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is arranged, on one hand, water storage of the crab spawn habitat 1 is facilitated, on the other hand, the formed inclined slope surface is easy for rice crabs to climb up to the rice planting area 2 for food and perch, the climbing assisting net 3 comprises an anti-collapse laying net 301 laid on the slope surface of the crab spawn habitat 1, an outer positioning frame 302 matched with the anti-collapse laying net 301 is arranged on the outer side, a plurality of vertical climbing rods 3021 and transverse climbing rods 3022 are distributed in the outer positioning frame 302 in a transverse and vertical staggered manner, on the inner side, on the other hand, the anti-collapse laying net 301 plays a role in lining the outer positioning frame 302, and can effectively prevent the slope surface of the crab spawn habitat 1 from sliding on the side of rice soil of the, and the vertical climbing rod 3021 and the transverse climbing rod 3022 form a horizontal and vertical staggered structure to guide the rice and crab to crawl.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the bait casting frame comprises a hollowed-out material placing plate 4 located above the crab spawn inhabiting trench 1, four corners of the lower end of the hollowed-out material placing plate 4 are inserted into the crab spawn inhabiting trench 1 through reinforcing piles 5, reinforcing ribs 501 are arranged at the bottom ends of the reinforcing piles 5, after the hollowed-out material placing plate 4 is erected, the hollowed-out material placing plate can be used for allowing a farmer to walk so as to observe growth conditions of rice and crabs in a pond, and meanwhile, the farmer can conveniently place bait into the rice planting area 2, a plurality of limiting discs are horizontally distributed on the hollowed-out material placing plate 4, the bottom ends of the limiting discs are connected with vertical wires 6, fiber carrier masses 7 used for attaching water-soluble baits 9 are arranged at the bottom ends of the vertical wires 6, the fiber carrier masses 7 are located in water, the height of the fiber carrier masses 7 can be properly adjusted along with the depth of the water, during the process of placing the water-soluble baits 9, part of the water-soluble bait, thereby effectively avoiding the water-soluble bait 9 which is put in from sinking completely, and in addition, a plurality of fiber carrying lumps 7 which sink into the water also play a certain sun-shading role, and effectively avoiding the overhigh temperature of the water in the crab spawn inhabiting ditch 1.
Referring to fig. 4-7, the fiber carrier mass 7 is a cluster structure formed by weaving a plurality of textile fibers connected to the bottom end of the drop wire 6, and a plurality of arc-shaped fiber barbs are distributed on the textile fibers, the cluster structure is matched with the arc-shaped fiber barbs attached to the fiber carrier mass 7, so as to capture the thrown water-soluble bait 9, the water-soluble bait 9 includes a water-soluble outer balloon 901 located at the outer side, the water-soluble outer balloon 901 is filled with a nutrient material 902, a plurality of fiber fuzz 903 is distributed on the outer end surface of the water-soluble outer balloon 901, and after the water-soluble bait 9 falls down, the fiber fuzz 903 is matched with the arc-shaped limit barbs on the fiber carrier mass 7, so as to facilitate the water-soluble bait 9 to be hung and attached to the fiber carrier mass 7.
More specifically, the water-soluble outer capsule 901 comprises a solid-state filling capsule, a plurality of material permeating holes are formed in the solid-state filling capsule, water-soluble filling layers are arranged at the material permeating holes and are formed by effervescent disintegrating agents, when the water-soluble bait 9 meets water, the water-soluble filling layers are decomposed by the water, nutrient materials 902 in the water seep out of the material permeating holes, the slow release of the nutrient materials 902 in a certain guiding mode is effectively achieved, the nutrient materials 902 are nutrient substances required in the growth process of rice crabs, in addition, a small number of aquatic plants are planted in the crab spawn inhabiting ditch 1, the aquatic plants select one or more of duckweed or water lettuce, and the aquatic plants are favorable for the growth of the rice crabs.
The scheme is that a plurality of crab species inhabiting ditches 1 are arranged in a pond, the plurality of crab species inhabiting ditches 1 and a formed rice planting area 2 are distributed at intervals in a staggered mode, rice is planted on the rice planting area 2, crabs are bred in the crab species inhabiting ditches 1, the crabs can climb up to the rice planting area 2 for foraging under the guiding action of a climbing assisting net 3 on the crab species inhabiting ditches 1, weeds in fields can be cleared by the crabs, pests can be eaten, excrement of the crabs can fertilize the fields, the growth of the rice is promoted, the two purposes of symbiotic co-culture and one pond are effectively realized, besides, hollow discharging plates 4 are erected on the crab species inhabiting ditches 1, a plurality of fiber carrying lumps 7 are hung at the bottom ends of the hollow discharging plates 4, the hollow discharging plates 4 are used for walking of breeding personnel, so that the growth conditions of the rice and the crabs in the pond can be observed, meanwhile, the personnel can conveniently throw bait 9 into the crab species inhabiting ditches 1, and in the process of the water-soluble agent 9, the plurality of fiber material carrying groups 7 floating in the water can play a role in catching and suspending the thrown water-soluble bait agent 9, so that the water-soluble bait agent 9 is prevented from completely sinking to affect the feeding of the crabs, the water-soluble bait agent 9 is slowly and guided to release after being attached to the fiber material carrying groups 7, and the growth environment of the crabs is improved to a certain extent by matching with regular water changing aeration.
The components used in the present invention are all standard components or components known to those skilled in the art, and the structure and principle thereof can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through routine experiments.
The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; the technical scheme and the improved concept of the invention are equally replaced or changed; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning treatment: pumping water in the last ten days of 3 months to clean the pond, ploughing and turning over ridges for two times on the mud between ponds in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, wherein the ridge drying time for the first time is 6-9d, the ridge drying time for the second time is 10-12d, and after each ploughing, weeding medicaments are sprayed to each corner of the crab pond to remove harmful impurities in the ponds such as alternanthera philoxeroides and the like;
s2, ditching and water storing: excavating crab spawn inhabiting ditches (1) in the crab pond every 1-1.2m in the late 4 months, wherein a rice planting area (2) is arranged outside the ditch, covering a layer of climbing assisting net (3) on the slope surface of the crab spawn inhabiting ditches (1), the water depth of water entering the surface of the rice planting area (2) is 0.1-0.2m, the water depth of discharged water remaining in the crab spawn inhabiting ditches (1) is 0.4-0.5 every other day, and applying organic fertilizer to the rice planting area (2) according to the amount of 150 plus 190 kg/mu;
s3, seedling raising and transplanting: sowing and raising rice seedlings in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting rice seedling varieties which have long growth period, lodging resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and excellent rice quality in the last ten days of 5 months into the rice planting area (2);
s4, crab larva throwing: in the middle ten days of 6 months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique and can live well are selected to be released according to the amount of 800 crab seedlings/mu of 750 plus materials;
s5, bait throwing: feeding soybean milk 1-2.5 kg per mu within 3-5 days after putting seedlings, feeding once in the morning and at night, feeding bean flour 0.4 kg per mu once in the evening after 3-5 days, and regularly feeding water-soluble bait (9) into the crab spawn inhabiting ditches (1) after 8-10 days;
s6, field management: after crab seedlings are put in, a bait casting frame with the bottom inserted into the crab seed perching ditch (1) is built, personnel walk on the bait casting frame to cast bait, the water level is gradually increased according to the plant height of rice and the breeding production requirements, the water level is based on not submerging leaves, water is replaced every 10-15 days, and topdressing is carried out in time after the water is replaced.
2. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice and the crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: the crab spawn inhabiting ditch (1) is of a trapezoidal structure with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part, the width of the ditch surface is 0.7-0.9m, the width of the ditch bottom is 0.4-0.6m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.6-0.8 m.
3. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice and the crabs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: the climbing assisting net (3) comprises an anti-collapse laying net (301) laid on the slope surface of the crab spawn inhabiting ditch (1), the outer side of the anti-collapse laying net (301) is provided with an outer positioning frame (302) matched with the anti-collapse laying net, and a plurality of vertical climbing rods (3021) and transverse climbing rods (3022) are distributed inside the outer positioning frame (302) in a transverse and vertical staggered manner.
4. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs as claimed in claim 3, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: all the cladding has the flexibility to contain cotton layer on the terminal surface of vertical pole (3021) and horizontal pole (3022) of climbing, the bottom of outer positioning frame (302) is run through and is inserted and be equipped with aeration pipe (8), the inner of aeration pipe (8) extends to the inside of outer positioning frame (302), and has seted up a plurality ofly on the bottom lateral wall of outer positioning frame (302) and has aerated the pipe (8) assorted aeration hole.
5. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice and the crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: the bait casting frame comprises a hollowed-out baiting plate (4) located above the crab spawn inhabiting ditch (1), four corners of the lower end of the hollowed-out baiting plate (4) are inserted into the crab spawn inhabiting ditch (1) through reinforcing piles (5), and reinforcing ribs (501) are arranged at the bottom ends of the reinforcing piles (5).
6. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs as claimed in claim 5, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: a plurality of limiting discs are horizontally distributed on the hollowed-out material discharging plate (4), the bottom ends of the limiting discs are connected with vertical wires (6), and fiber carrying groups (7) for water-soluble bait (9) to adhere to are arranged at the bottom ends of the vertical wires (6).
7. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs as claimed in claim 6, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: the fiber loading cluster (7) is of a cluster structure formed by weaving a plurality of textile fiber yarns connected to the bottom end of the vertical yarn (6), and a plurality of arc-shaped fiber barbs are distributed on the textile fiber yarns.
8. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the water-soluble bait (9) comprises a water-soluble outer capsule ball (901) positioned on the outer side, nutrient materials (902) are filled in the water-soluble outer capsule ball (901), and a plurality of fiber fluff (903) are distributed on the outer end face of the water-soluble outer capsule ball (901).
9. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and crabs as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the water-soluble outer capsule ball (901) comprises a solid filling capsule, a plurality of material permeating holes are formed in the solid filling capsule, water-soluble filling layers are arranged at the material permeating holes, and the water-soluble filling layers are made of effervescent disintegrating agents.
10. The self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice and the crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-guided comprehensive planting and breeding method comprises the following steps: before S4, a small amount of aquatic plants are planted in the crab seed inhabiting ditch (1), and the aquatic plants are one or more of duckweed, water lettuce and water hyacinth.
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| CN113331093A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-03 | 张利英 | Ecological fish and shrimp breeding method |
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