CN112335781B - 一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料及制备和应用,蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,按照重量份计,包括玉米500‑700份、豆粕150‑350份、大豆浓缩蛋白40‑60份、鱼粉10‑30份、幼畜脂肪10‑30份、磷酸氢钙10‑20份、碳酸钙10‑20份、复合氨基酸5‑15份、复合维生素1‑3份、复合微量元素1‑3份。本发明通过对原料的筛选、预处理和高温熟化处理制备的蛋鸡专用育雏开口饲料,可以提高蛋雏鸡的健康、体重、器官发育、抗应激能力,充分满足蛋雏鸡早期营养需要,喂养雏鸡成活率95%以上,雏鸡在体重、均匀度提高了5‑14%,骨骼发育以胫骨长作为指标提高了1‑2mm,早期鸡群死淘率低。为蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的开发提供数据支持。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域,特别涉及一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在新常态市场经济形势下,蛋鸡养殖迈入标准化、规模化方向发展;蛋雏鸡早期营养对蛋鸡整个产蛋期生产性能达到最佳具有非常重要的相关性“5周定终身”,蛋鸡多项研究证明早期体重达标意味着雏鸡消化***、免疫***的基础发育良好,提高后期饲料消化吸收能力和抵抗疾病的能力,目前入舍雏鸡受运输和环境因素影响,同时出壳雏鸡营养来源和吸收模式也发生了改变,面临应激大、易发生疾病,体重难达标的状况,市场上一些养殖户为了实现体重达标选用肉小鸡配合饲料,肉小鸡饲料过高的蛋白质导致蛋雏鸡消化机能发生紊乱,出现蛋雏鸡生长发育不平衡、均匀度下降、死淘率高的问题,影响蛋鸡在整个生产周期产蛋量,蛋鸡专用育雏开口饲料可以提高蛋雏鸡的健康、体重、器官发育、抗应激能力,充分满足蛋雏鸡早期营养需要。
对于雏禽类0-7日龄是养禽业的死淘高峰期,这个阶段禽类从卵黄摄取营养过渡到从饲料摄取营养,采食量低,消化道不完善,消化酶少,抗外界应激弱。目前主要方法是在雏禽0-3日龄在饮水中添加葡萄糖、电解多维、及抗生素等药物来降低这一阶段的死淘率。随着现代养殖方式的规模化、自动化,在水中添加药物操作繁琐,需耗用大量人力,而且添加比例不准确。水中添加的药物如果没有及时被饮用完,易失效,易滋生细菌,使抗病力低的雏禽更易感染病菌。
公开号为CN103636932A和CN 102318780 A的中国专利,分别公开了一种雏禽开口饲料及其制备方法级应用和一种提高免疫力的蛋鸡育雏期开口配合饲料,参照肉鸡营养思路设计高营养,主要解决蛋雏鸡早期体增重达标,可以在一定程度上提高雏禽的消化道发育和死淘率,但是还存在一些问题,饲料没有经过高温熟化处理,饲料病菌净化不足;产品加工工艺简单,不能提高原料消化利用率;饲料原料不能全面经过预处理,抗营养因子含量高;营养不平衡,对维生素营养、微量元素营养没有强化。因此有待进一步开发现有的蛋鸡育雏开口饲料,在解决蛋雏鸡增重达标的基础上,提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能。
发明内容
针对现有的禽雏开口饲料肉过高的蛋白质导致蛋雏鸡消化机能发生紊乱,出现蛋雏鸡生长发育不平衡、均匀度下降、死淘率高等问题。本发明旨在于提供一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料及制备方法和应用,蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料包括玉米500-700份、豆粕150-350份、大豆浓缩蛋白40-60份、鱼粉10-30份、幼畜脂肪10-30份、磷酸氢钙10-20份、碳酸钙10-20份、复合氨基酸5-15份、复合维生素1-3份、复合微量元素1-3份。本发明通过对饲料原料的筛选和预处理以及制备工艺的优化,最终制得的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料可以提高蛋雏鸡体重、器官发育、抗应激能力,充分满足蛋雏鸡早期营养需要。进一步考察本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的饲喂情况,通过饲喂专用产品在体重、均匀度提高了5-14%,骨骼发育以胫骨长作为指标提高了1-2毫米,内脏器官肌胃、腺胃、肠道、肝脏、法氏囊发育明显,早期鸡群死淘率低、鸡只抵抗力强,疫苗免疫期间抗应激能力强,为提高蛋鸡产蛋率打下良好的机体基础。
为了达到以上技术目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明提供种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,按照重量份计,玉米500-700份、豆粕150-350份、大豆浓缩蛋白40-60份、鱼粉10-30份、幼畜脂肪10-30份、磷酸氢钙10-20份、碳酸钙10-20份、复合氨基酸5-15份、复合维生素1-3份、复合微量元素1-3份。
优先的,所述蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料包括玉米600份、豆粕250份、大豆浓缩蛋白50份、鱼粉20份、幼畜脂肪20份、磷酸氢钙15份、碳酸钙15份、复合氨基酸10份、复合维生素1份、复合微量元素2份。
所述复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸。
所述复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、***钠、氯化钴、碘酸钙。
所述复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D3 15g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B1 15g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B6 30g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
同时,本发明提供上述一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)豆粕经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将一半质量的豆粕按照质量体积百分比为0.2%添加复合酶制剂,置于发酵罐中,于26-30℃厌氧发酵7-10d,于80-120℃干燥8-12h,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得发酵豆粕;
(2)玉米经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将三分之一质量的玉米于120-150℃高温膨化处理3-5h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过筛80-120目,即得膨化玉米;
(3)称取未发酵的豆粕、未膨化的玉米和鱼粉于80-100℃熟化0.5-2h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得一次熟化物料;
(4)将步骤(1)所得发酵豆粕、步骤(2)所得膨化玉米以及步骤(3)所得一次熟化物料与大豆浓缩蛋白、幼畜脂肪、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、复合氨基酸、复合微量元素进行充分混合,于70-90℃造粒,即得本发明蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料。
本发明一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法中,所述复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(Pentopan Mono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
本发明一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)豆粕预处理中,厌氧发酵温度为28℃,厌氧发酵时间为8d,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为10h。
本发明一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)中膨化温度为130℃,时间为4h。
本发明一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(3)中熟化温度为90℃,时间为1h。
本发明所述一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料在蛋鸡育雏中的应用。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明获得的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料可以提高蛋雏鸡的健康、体重、器官发育、抗应激能力,充分满足蛋雏鸡早期营养需要。
(2)本发明提供的一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,营养指标高于现有产品,利用玉米膨化和二次熟化工艺处理原料,饲料在动物体内的实际能量、蛋白质利用率高,高温制粒工艺杀灭病原微生物、净化饲料,豆粕经过发酵提供小肽、乳酸和有益微生物,促进肠道健康,强化维生素和微量元素营养,有利于内脏器官的发育。
(3)本发明提供技术方案得到的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,在同等养殖周期3周内,本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料在蛋雏鸡体重、均匀度方面提高了5-14%,骨骼发育以胫骨长作为指标提高了1-2毫米,内脏器官肌胃、腺胃、肠道、肝脏、法氏囊发育明显,早期鸡群死淘率低、鸡只抵抗力强,疫苗免疫期间抗应激能力强。
附图说明:
图1为本发明中膨化温度和熟化温度对饲料粗蛋白含量影响的曲面图。
图2为本发明中膨化温度和造粒温度对饲料粗蛋白含量影响的曲面图。
图3为本发明中熟化温度和造粒温度对饲料粗蛋白含量影响的曲面图。
图4为本发明中膨化温度和熟化温度对饲料代谢能影响的曲面图。
图5为本发明中膨化温度和造粒温度对饲料代谢能影响的曲面图。
图6为本发明中熟化温度和造粒温度对饲料代谢能影响的曲面图。
图7为本发明中膨化温度和熟化温度对饲料粗脂肪含量影响的曲面图。
图8为本发明中膨化温度和造粒温度对饲料粗脂肪含量影响的曲面图。
图9为本发明中熟化温度和造粒温度对饲料粗脂肪含量影响的曲面图。
具体实施方式
下面举实施例说明本发明,但是,本发明并不限于下属实施例。
本发明采用的玉米、豆粕、大豆浓缩蛋白、鱼粉、幼畜脂肪等原料均可通过公共渠道购买,工艺中所采用的的设备和仪器均为本领域常见的设备。
本发明中选用的所有材料、实际和仪器的测定方法都为本领域熟知的但不限制本发明的实施例,其他本领域熟知的一些试剂和设备都可以适用于本发明以下实施方式的实施。
本发明测定指标:
(1)生长性能测定:1日龄雏鸡进笼时,称量其体重并安装翅号。饲养期间,以组为单位,每日记录死淘鸡数,记录每组投料量和剩料量。每周对全部试验鸡体重进行称量,称重后用游标卡尺准确测量鸡的胫长和胫围。计算各组的死淘率、日增重、日采食量、料重比、均匀度。
(2)血清生化指标测定:从每组随机取30只鸡,空腹进行翅膀静脉采血,每只鸡采集2ml非抗凝血。血液样本采完后,测定的血清生化指标包括:游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3-I)、游离甲状腺素(FT4-I)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素(Urea)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CH)。
(3)从每组随机取30只雏鸡进行屠宰。将每只鸡的左侧股骨、胫骨和跗跖骨上附着的组织剔除干净,然后装入自封袋内,在-20℃条件下保存,第二天测定胫骨的骨骼强度。
实施例1:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,按照重量份计,玉米500-700份、豆粕150-350份、大豆浓缩蛋白40-60份、鱼粉10-30份、幼畜脂肪10-30份、磷酸氢钙10-20份、碳酸钙10-20份、复合氨基酸5-15份、复合维生素1-3份、复合微量元素1-3份。其中,复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D3 15g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B115g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
实施例2:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,包括玉米600kg、豆粕250kg、大豆浓缩蛋白50kg、鱼粉20kg、幼畜脂肪20kg、磷酸氢钙15kg、碳酸钙15kg、复合氨基酸10kg、复合维生素1kg、复合微量元素2kg。其中,复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D315g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B1 15g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
实施例3:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,包括玉米500kg、豆粕150kg、大豆浓缩蛋白40kg、鱼粉10kg、幼畜脂肪10kg、磷酸氢钙10kg、碳酸钙10kg、复合氨基酸5kg、复合维生素1kg、复合微量元素1kg。其中,复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D315g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B1 15g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
实施例4:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,包括玉米700kg、豆粕350kg、大豆浓缩蛋白60kg、鱼粉30kg、幼畜脂肪30kg、磷酸氢钙20kg、碳酸钙20kg、复合氨基酸15kg、复合维生素3kg、复合微量元素3kg。其中,复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D315g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B1 15g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
实施例5:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料
一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,包括玉米650kg、豆粕200kg、大豆浓缩蛋白55kg、鱼粉25kg、幼畜脂肪25kg、磷酸氢钙18kg、碳酸钙16kg、复合氨基酸13kg、复合维生素2kg、复合微量元素2kg。其中,复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D315g,维生素E100g,维生素K3 9g,维生素B1 15g,维生素B2 15g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C150g,生物素30g。
实施例6:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备
本实施例在实施例1至实施例5提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料配方的基础上,提供蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)豆粕经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将一半质量的豆粕按照质量体积百分比为0.2%添加复合酶制剂,置于发酵罐中,于26-30℃厌氧发酵7-10d,于80-120℃干燥8-12h,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得发酵豆粕;
(2)玉米经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将三分之一质量的玉米于120-150℃高温膨化处理3-5h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过筛80-120目,即得膨化玉米;
(3)称取未发酵的豆粕原料、未膨化的玉米原料和鱼粉于80-100℃熟化0.5-2h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得一次熟化物料;
(4)将步骤(1)所得发酵豆粕、步骤(2)所得膨化玉米以及步骤(3)所得一次熟化物料与大豆浓缩蛋白、幼畜脂肪、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、复合氨基酸、复合微量元素、复合维生素进行充分混合,于70-90℃造粒,即得本发明蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料。
其中,复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(Pentopan Mono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
实施例7:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备
本实施例在实施例1至实施例5提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料配方以及实施例6制备方法的基础上,豆粕厌氧发酵温度为28℃,厌氧发酵时间为8d,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为10h;玉米膨化温度为130℃,时间为4h;一次熟化物料熟化温度为90℃,时间为1h;复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(PentopanMono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
实施例8:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备
本实施例在实施例1至实施例5提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料配方以及实施例6制备方法的基础上,豆粕厌氧发酵温度为26℃,厌氧发酵时间为7d,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为8h;玉米膨化温度为120℃,时间为3h;一次熟化物料熟化温度为80℃,时间为0.5h;复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(PentopanMono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
实施例9:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备
本实施例在实施例1至实施例5提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料配方以及实施例6制备方法的基础上,豆粕厌氧发酵温度为30℃,厌氧发酵时间为10d,干燥温度为120℃,干燥时间为12h;玉米膨化温度为150℃,时间为5h;一次熟化物料熟化温度为100℃,时间为2h;复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(Pentopan Mono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
实施例10:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的制备
本实施例在实施例1至实施例5提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料配方以及实施例6制备方法的基础上,豆粕厌氧发酵温度为26℃,厌氧发酵时间为9d,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为10h;玉米膨化温度为140℃,时间为4h;一次熟化物料熟化温度为90℃,时间为1h;复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(PentopanMono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease)。
实施例11:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料制备工艺的优化
采用Box-Behnken试验设计,分别采用实施例1的配方和实施例6的制备方法制备蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,探究膨化温度(A),熟化温度(B)与造粒温度(C)对蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的粗蛋白含量R1、代谢能R2和粗脂肪含量R3的影响,并建立制备工艺参数各因素与蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的品质指标的数学模型,响应面试验因素与水平表见表1,Box-bohnken试验设计与结果见表2及参见附图1至附图9。
表1:响应面试验因素水平表
组成 | 单位 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
膨化温度(℃) | ℃ | 120 | 140 |
熟化温度(℃) | ℃ | 80 | 100 |
造粒温度(℃) | ℃ | 70 | 90 |
表2:Box-bohnken实验设计结果
根据响应面分析,蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的最佳工艺条件为:膨化温度130℃,熟化温度90℃,造粒温度80℃时,在此工艺条件下得到的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的各成分含量分别最佳。在验证试验中,选择工艺条件膨化温度130℃,熟化温度90℃,造粒温度80℃,得到的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料粗蛋白含量为20.4%、代谢能量为3045kJ、粗脂肪含量为4.6%。蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的成分实测值与预估值基本一致,工艺模型具有较好的效果。
实施例12:蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料与常用育雏开口饲料的营养成分对比
本实施例对本发明实施例2-5及实施例7-10制备的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料和市售育雏开口饲料的营养成分进行测定,具体数据如表3所示。
表3:本发明与市售饲料营养指标对比
由表3数据可知,本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料营养指标高于现有产品,原料的预处理对其营养成分的提高有显著的作用,在动物体内的实际能量、蛋白质利用率比较高,高温制粒工艺杀灭病原微生物、净化饲料,豆粕经过发酵提供小肽、乳酸和有益微生物,促进肠道健康,强化维生素和微量元素营养,有利于内脏器官的发育。
实施例13:本发明蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料与常见育雏开口饲料饲喂对比
2019年3月-5月在新疆泰昆集团五家渠养殖区单圈规模在3000只左右蛋鸡雏鸡进行喂养试验,饲喂条件相同,市售开口饲料按照说明书最佳饲喂量饲喂,本发明配方饲喂量按照蛋鸡重量的1%饲喂。观察雏鸡使用本发明专用开口饲料与市售开口饲料饲养相比,在生长性能(体重、均匀度)、血清生化指标和骨胳发育等方面的改善效果。
(1)试验设计
本实施例在新疆五家渠养殖区单圈规模在3000只左右进行喂养试验平行6组,分别按照市售蛋鸡育雏开口饲料喂养第1组,记作样本A;雏禽开口料饲料喂养第2组,记作样本B(公开号为CN103636932A的中国专利公开的一类技术方案);提高免疫力的蛋鸡育雏期开口配合饲料喂养第3组,记作样本C(公开号为CN102318780A的中国专利公开的一类技术方案);按照本发明实施例2配方和实施例7制备方法制备饲料的技术方案喂养第4-6组,记作样本D-F;同时对本发明实施例2-5至实施例7-10提供的饲料进行了喂养试验对比,其余具体步骤及参数均相同。每组平均分成3份。
表4:试验饲养方案设计
分组 | 饲养方案设计 |
A试验组 | 市售开口饲料 |
B试验组 | 雏禽开口料饲料 |
C试验组 | 提高免疫力的蛋鸡育雏期开口配合饲料 |
D试验组 | 0.5%投喂量本发明饲料 |
E试验组 | 1%投喂量本发明饲料 |
F试验组 | 2%投喂量本发明饲料 |
(2)试验结果分析
按照上述试验方案进行喂养,并进行饲料对雏鸡生产性能(体重、均匀度)、血清生化指标和骨胳发育等进行测定和数据统计,最终结果如附表4-7所示。
表5:饲料对雏鸡生产性能影响
表6:饲料对第三周雏鸡血清指标的影响
组别 | 总蛋白(g/L) | 总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 钙(mmol/L) |
A | 29.67±0.44<sup>b</sup> | 3.01±0.47<sup>b</sup> | 2.55±0.06<sup>c</sup> |
B | 30.13±0.19<sup>b</sup> | 3.09±0.53<sup>b</sup> | 2.58±0.05<sup>c</sup> |
C | 30.25±0.42<sup>b</sup> | 3.07±0.34<sup>b</sup> | 2.60±0.04b |
D | 33.26±0.19<sup>d</sup> | 3.22±0.85<sup>d</sup> | 2.68±0.07<sup>a</sup> |
E | 33.82±0.24<sup>b</sup> | 3.39±0.36<sup>a</sup> | 2.89±0.05<sup>c</sup> |
F | 33.18±0.32a | 3.26±0.25b | 2.65±0.06a |
实施例2 | 33.45±0.25a | 3.35±0.41b | 2.86±0.09a |
实施例3 | 32.86±0.35d | 3.19±0.34a | 2.66±0.05c |
实施例4 | 32.91±0.31c | 3.15±0.26b | 2.68±0.05b |
实施例5 | 33.09±0.33b | 3.27±0.36b | 2.81±0.07c |
实施例7 | 33.61±0.27c | 3.33±0.32a | 2.85±0.06a |
实施例8 | 32.88±0.40c | 3.21±0.33a | 2.67±0.08c |
实施例9 | 32.96±0.37a | 3.26±0.31b | 2.70±0.09b |
实施例10 | 33.16±0.29b | 3.31±0.35b | 2.82±0.08a |
注:①同列内不同上标字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同上标字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表7:不同饲料对雏鸡骨胳发育的影响
组别 | 胫骨强度(N) | 胫长(mm) | 胫围(cm) |
A | 70.3±7.2 | 43.16±0.36a | 2.75±0.46b |
B | 70.3±6.5 | 43.29±0.48a | 2.77±0.39b |
C | 70.2±5.8 | 43.52±0.55a | 2.74±0.56b |
D | 71.2±5.5 | 44.34±0.31b | 2.81±0.33b |
E | 71.5±4.6 | 45.24±0.23b | 2.85±0.29a |
F | 71.3±5.2 | 44.64±0.51a | 2.83±034a |
实施例2 | 71.4±5.7 | 45.06±0.39a | 2.85±0.52a |
实施例3 | 70.8±4.2 | 44.26±0.65b | 2.80±0.61a |
实施例4 | 70.7±6.3 | 44.28±0.49b | 2.82±0.37a |
实施例5 | 71.2±2.9 | 44.84±0.62a | 2.84±0.13a |
实施例7 | 71.3±2.8 | 45.12±0.34b | 2.83±0.36c |
实施例8 | 70.7±3.5 | 44.31±0.58c | 2.81±0.42a |
实施例9 | 70.8±4.6 | 44.29±0.41a | 2.81±0.59c |
实施例10 | 71.2±5.3 | 44.96±0.39b | 2.83±0.52b |
注:同列数据字母相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05),相邻字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相间字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。
由以上附表4-6的数据可知,本发明制备的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料与雏鸡市售开口饲料、雏禽开口料饲料和提高免疫力的蛋鸡育雏期开口配合饲料喂养情况对比,从2019年3月-5月喂养雏鸡,其余条件相同,对比雏鸡生产性能,本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料喂养雏鸡的生产性能明显优于其他组,其中饲喂三周后,本发明提供饲料喂养雏鸡成活率95%以上,雏鸡在体重、均匀度提高了5-14%,骨骼发育以胫骨长作为指标提高了1-2mm,早期鸡群死淘率低、鸡只抵抗力强,疫苗免疫期间抗应激能力强,进一步对不同饲料喂养不同蛋鸡育雏开口饲料的血液生化指标进行了调查,本发明制备的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料喂养的雏鸡,雏鸡血清总蛋白含量为32-33g/L,表明本发明提供的蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料的蛋白含量较高,同时表明雏鸡的消化功能明显改善,所以雏鸡平均体重显著提高。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所延伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (2)
1.一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料,其特征在于,按照重量份计,所述蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料玉米600份、豆粕250份、大豆浓缩蛋白50份、鱼粉20份、幼畜脂肪20份、磷酸氢钙15份、碳酸钙15份、复合氨基酸10份、复合维生素1份、复合微量元素2份;其中,所述复合氨基酸包括质量比为1:0.5:1:0.4的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸;所述复合微量元素包括质量比为0.2:0.4:0.1:0.8:0.1:1.2的硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、氯化钴、碘酸钙;所述复合维生素每公斤包括1500万单位维生素A 75g,250万单位微生素D315g,维生素E100g,维生素K39g,维生素B115g,维生素B215g,维生素B630g,维生素B1225g,维生素C 150g,生物素30g;其制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)豆粕经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将一半质量的豆粕按照质量体积百分比为0.2%添加复合酶制剂,置于发酵罐中,于28℃厌氧发酵8d,于100℃干燥10h,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得发酵豆粕;所述复合酶制剂包括质量比为1:1:1:0.5:0.8:0.5的淀粉酶(Amylase)、半乳糖苷酶(Galactosidase)、木聚糖酶(Pentopan Mono)、葡聚糖酶(Dextranase)、甘露聚糖酶(Mannanase)和蛋白酶(Protease);
(2)玉米经过2.5毫米筛片粉碎,将三分之一质量的玉米于130℃高温膨化处理4h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过筛80-120目,即得膨化玉米;
(3)称取未发酵的豆粕原料、未膨化的玉米原料和鱼粉于90℃熟化1h,冷却至室温,进行粉碎,过80-120目筛,即得一次熟化物料;
(4)将步骤(1)所得发酵豆粕、步骤(2)所得膨化玉米以及步骤(3)所得一次熟化物料与大豆浓缩蛋白、幼畜脂肪、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、复合氨基酸、复合微量元素、复合维生素进行充分混合,于70-90℃造粒,即得本发明蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种蛋鸡育雏专用开口饲料在蛋鸡育雏中的应用。
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