CN112293175B - Efficient production method of facility peppers - Google Patents

Efficient production method of facility peppers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112293175B
CN112293175B CN202011271359.4A CN202011271359A CN112293175B CN 112293175 B CN112293175 B CN 112293175B CN 202011271359 A CN202011271359 A CN 202011271359A CN 112293175 B CN112293175 B CN 112293175B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
content
fertilizer
total
seeds
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202011271359.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN112293175A (en
Inventor
唐有万
李丽平
谭华强
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Original Assignee
Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences filed Critical Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority to CN202011271359.4A priority Critical patent/CN112293175B/en
Publication of CN112293175A publication Critical patent/CN112293175A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN112293175B publication Critical patent/CN112293175B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency production method of facility peppers, which comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection; (2) sowing at a proper period; (3) grafting seedlings; (4) single-row planting; (5) formula fertilization; (6) Double-pole pruning effectively solves the problem that excessive fertilization amount can cause soil acidification and salinization in the facility pepper production process.

Description

Efficient production method of facility peppers
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency production method of facility peppers.
Background
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum l.) belongs to the genus Capsicum of the family solanaceae, and is named Capsicum, guava, zanthoxylum piperitum, peppers, etc., originating in the areas of central america, south america, etc., and transmitted into china in the last year. The capsicum fruit contains a large amount of capsaicin, capsanthin, vitamins, carotene, carbohydrates, minerals and the like, wherein the content of vitamin C is between 0.5 and 2.25mg/g, and the capsicum fruit is the first place in vegetable crops. The capsicum can be eaten fresh, can be used as a condiment and also can be used as a medicine, and is a multipurpose vegetable with both nutritive value and medicinal value. The country is the first big capsicum producing country and the consuming country in the world. In 2018, the sowing area of the chillies in China reaches 220 ten thousand hm 2 About 40% of the world's capsicum seed area, the first in vegetable crops. The capsicum industry has become the largest vegetable industry in China, and annual output value is about 2500 hundred million yuan. The pepper has strong adaptability, various types and high economic benefit, and the planting and processing of the pepper become important channels for peasants to get rid of poverty and become rich.
The pepper planting is mainly performed on open field, wherein the facility pepper area is 56.8 ten thousand hm 2 Accounting for 26.6 percent of the total pepper area. The open field cultivation has a plurality of uncontrollable factors such as flood, low temperature, high temperature, drought and the like, and is easy to cause yield and harvest reduction. The facility cultivation is carried out under the condition of relatively controllable environment, the uncontrollable factors are overcome to a certain extent, the resource elements are optimally configured and efficiently utilized, and the production capacity of unit land area can be doubled. Therefore, the facility planting area of the peppers is increased year by year, the annual balanced supply capacity of the peppers is enhanced, and higher economic benefits are brought to farmers. However, in the production of capsicum facilities, problems such as soil acidification and salinization, serious diseases and insect pests, low yield and quality level and the like are becoming more and more common.
Soil acidification and salinization problems are more likely to occur in facility agriculture, the root cause of which is the production mode of "large hypertrophic water". On the one hand, most farmers can obtain high yield by blindly applying a large amount of chemical fertilizers, the soil in the facility cannot be leached by rainwater, the manual irrigation only involves a plough layer, and excessive salt cannot be leached to the plough layer or below, so that most salt stays in the soil plough layer. On the other hand, the soil in the facility is in a high-temperature dry environment throughout the year, the irrigation mode is mainly large water flood irrigation and furrow irrigation, the rising and evaporation of water are obvious, the downward movement of salt is difficult, and the soil is enriched in a soil cultivation layer. The too high salt concentration of the soil cultivation layer results in reduced efficiency of absorbing water and nutrients by the root system of crops, and the symptoms of weak plant growth, yellowing, wilting, weak root system and the like are represented, and the root system dies when serious, and the whole plant dies.
In the prior art, when the yield of the facility pepper is increased, the excessive fertilization amount can cause the acidification and salinization of the soil, so that the development of a green high-quality high-efficiency production method of the facility pepper, which can increase the yield and reduce the fertilization amount, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency production method of facility peppers, which effectively solves the problem that excessive fertilization amount can cause soil acidification and salinization in the facility peppers production process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a high-efficiency production method of facility peppers, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a long-season cultivated pepper variety with a year fruiting as a scion, and selecting a long-season cultivated pepper variety with a year fruiting as a stock;
(2) Sowing at a proper period: the scions in the step (1) are sown in the last ten days of 7 months, and the stock in the step (1) is sown 7-10 days before the scions are sown;
(3) Seedling grafting: in the step (2), grafting is carried out by adopting a cleft grafting method in the 5-leaf period of the stock and in the 3-4-leaf period of the scion in the step (2);
(4) Planting in a single row: and (3) carrying out soil field planting on the seedlings obtained in the step (3) in the last 9 months, carrying out single-row single plant field planting in a box, selecting and irrigating facilities with convenience and strong water and fertilizer retention, opening a box in a 1.1-1.2m bag trench, opening 45-50cm of the trench width, 65-70cm of the box surface, covering a mulching film on the box surface, covering ground-covering herba Euphorbiae Humifusae in the trench, and enabling the plant spacing to be 20-22cm and the cultivation density to be 2600-2800 plants per mu.
(5) And (3) formula fertilization: detecting soil nutrient components, soil volume weight and root system soil volume, and calculating soil fertilizer supply amount, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: soil fertility = soil volume weight x root system soil volume x N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 O content is multiplied by utilization ratio, wherein the utilization ratio of nitrogen is 1/3, the utilization ratio of phosphorus is 1/5, and the utilization ratio of potassium is 1/2;
computing N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer requirement of O is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002777799030000031
Figure BDA0002777799030000032
wherein the total amount of nutrients required by the target yield is 3.25-3.35kg and P is absorbed per 1000kg of capsicum 2 O 5 0.45-0.55kg and K 2 O5.10-5.30 kg;
applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer before the field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 38-43% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 47% -52% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% -54% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer under the film at 3 rd and 7 th days after field planting for 2 times, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5-0.6% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% -0.7% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.15% -0.25% of O content; then drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM microbial inoculum under every two weeks, wherein the total N content of four fertilizations is 4.5% -5.0% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.5% -4.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.5% -2.0% of O content; then dripping water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM microbial inoculum under the membrane every two weeks for 6 timesWherein, the content of N in the six fertilizations accounts for 7.0 to 9.0 percent of the total content of N in the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 4.0% -5.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 3.5% -4.0% of O content; and finally, drip-irrigating water-soluble fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 30-35 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 45.0% -50.0% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 40.0% -45.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 40.0% -45.0% of O content;
(6) Double-pole pruning: and (5) hanging vines of the seedlings planted in the step (5) by adopting double-rod pruning.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the soil testing formula fertilization technology is adopted, the fertilization amount is accurately calculated, and the fertilization period is accurately determined according to the fertilization requirement law of each fertility stage;
2. the method has the advantages that the fertilizer and water integrated fertilizer feeding and irrigation are carried out in a drip irrigation mode under the film, so that the dosage of the fertilizer is reduced, the humidity in facilities is effectively reduced, and the plant diseases and insect pests are lightened, so that the dosage of pesticides is reduced, and the pesticide residues on the surfaces of fruits are reduced;
3. Drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer under the film on the 3 rd and 7 th days after field planting is used as seedling-recovering fertilizer, a small amount of N, K, P is supplemented, root growth is promoted, seedling-recovering period is shortened, and survival rate is improved;
4. then drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM strain under every two weeks, totally 4 times, supplement nutrition with water-soluble fertilizer in the vegetative growth period, promote the absorption of fertilizer by crops with humic acid, increase beneficial bacteria amount in soil with EM strain, inhibit pathogenic bacteria of soil, improve the quality of crops;
5. dripping water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM strain under every two weeks for 6 times, supplementing nitrogen fertilizer and carbon fertilizer at the initial stage of fruiting, guaranteeing nutrition supply of fruits, promoting fruit growth, and matching humic acid and EM strain for promoting fertilizer absorption, increasing beneficial living bacteria amount in soil, inhibiting soil pathogenic bacteria and improving crop quality;
6. drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 30-35 times, and apply fertilizer in a large amount in the fruiting full period, promote the development and expansion of fruits, and improve the production efficiency;
7. by adopting the single-row planting and double-trunk pruning technology, ventilation and light transmittance in facilities are increased, nutrition distribution of plants is regulated, more photosynthetic products flow to fruits, and accordingly yield is greatly improved.
Preferably, the seeds in the step (2) are washed by clean water before sowing, then are put into constant temperature water at 55-60 ℃, are continuously stirred for 10-15min and are naturally cooled, the seeds are soaked by the clean water for 6-8h, the water temperature of the soaked seeds is 20-28 ℃, and the seeds are rubbed and washed after the soaking is finished to remove mucilages on the surfaces of the seeds.
Preferably, in the step (2), a 72-hole tray is selected, the seedling tray is filled with seedling substrate and placed in order before sowing, sowing is started after watering thoroughly, 1 seed is sown in each hole during sowing, a layer of substrate is covered for covering the seeds, watering is performed again, after sowing, a micro film and a canopy film are adopted for double-layer film covering for water retention and heat preservation, the micro film is removed when 1-2% of buds are in soil, and the canopy film is removed in a small amount when 70-75% of buds are in soil.
Preferably, the seedling substrate in the step (2) has the total organic matter content of more than or equal to 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of more than or equal to 2%, is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, has comprehensive nutrients, has a pH value of 5.8-7.5 and has good buffering performance.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mulching film and the sunshade net are covered after grafting for shading for 2-3 days in the whole day, the film is uncovered for ventilation in the morning and evening after 2-3 days, the film is uncovered completely after 6-7 days, the humidity in the seedling raising shed is kept at 94% -95%, the temperature is 23-26 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, and normal management is carried out after the seedling raising shed is completely survived.
Preferably, the cleft grafting method in the step (3) refers to that the upper end of the stock is firstly cut transversely at the position 1.4-1.5cm above the cotyledons, then a grafting knife is used for vertically cutting 0.8-1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem, the lower end of the scion seedling is cut off at a semi-lignified position, the cut is cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, and then the wedge-shaped scion seedling is inserted into the cut of the stock, aligned and fixed by a grafting clip.
Preferably, in the step (4), single-row individual planting is carried out in a separated mode, specifically, a 1.2m bag ditch is opened, the ditch width is 50cm, the surface of the ditch is 70cm, the surface of the ditch is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with ground cover grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
According to the above preferred technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:
single-row single plant field planting has good light transmittance and excellent ventilation, reduces disease rate of facility peppers, and improves yield of the facility peppers.
Preferably, the total amount of nutrients required for the target yield in the step (5) is 3.29kg of N and P per 1000kg of the implemented capsicum per production 2 O 5 0.52kg and K 2 O5.21 kg.
Preferably, the double-pole pruning in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
(1) 2 steel wires are tied at the height of 1.8-2m above the box surface during vine hanging;
(2) Each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by pulling with a nylon rope, the upper end of the plant is fixed on a steel wire above the plant, the lower end of the plant is tied on the base of the main stem of the pepper, and the main branch is wound with the nylon rope to support along with the growth of the plant;
(3) Immediately removing branches when branches grow among the internodes;
(4) After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward;
(5) And the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
According to the above preferred technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:
the weaker branches are removed to ensure the growth of the two main branches, the fruit position is adjusted after fruit setting to ensure the smoothness of commodity fruits, and the double-stem pruning is used for improving the yield of facility peppers and improving the production efficiency.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above. The raw materials in the examples are all common commercial products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The utility pepper efficient production method is implemented in the Wenchang city of Liangshan, sichuan province in 2018, and comprises the following steps of:
1. the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (35 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 3000 kg/mu wormcast, 50 kg/mu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1000 kg/mu decomposed green manure organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 42% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 50% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.2% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization is 4.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.9% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.8% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4.5%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 4.0% of O content; finally, drip irrigation of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer under film every 5 days4.5 kg/mu and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer for 32 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 46% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 41% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 45% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Example 2
The utility pepper efficient production method is implemented in the Wenchang city of Liangshan, sichuan province in 2018, and comprises the following steps of:
1. variety selection: the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 29%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.0, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing with clear water, putting the seeds into constant-temperature water at 58 ℃, continuously stirring for 12min, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds in the clear water for 6.5h at the water temperature of 26 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after the soaking to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (36 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 0.9 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the mulching film and the sunshade net after grafting, shading for 2 days all the day, uncovering the film for ventilation after 3 days, and uncovering the film all the time after 6 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 25 ℃ in the daytime and 19 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.1m of a ditch covered with a box body, the ditch width is 50cm, the box body surface is 70cm, the box body surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2750 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 3100 kg/mu of wormcast, 55 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate and 1050 kg/mu of decomposed green manure as base fertilizers before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 43% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 Content of 51.9%, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 52% of O content; drip irrigation under the film on the 3 rd and 7 th days after field planting for 2 times with 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, whereinThe N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and the P content is equal to the total N content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.15% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization is 4.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.5% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.5% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 3.5% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation of 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 30 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 45% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and the P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 40% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 42.85% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Example 3
The utility pepper efficient production method is implemented in the Wenchang city of Liangshan, sichuan province in 2018, and comprises the following steps of:
1. variety selection: the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2.5%, the seedling raising substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 6.4, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling raising substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing with clear water, putting the seeds into constant-temperature water at 56 ℃, continuously stirring for 14min, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds in the clear water for 7h at the water temperature of 24 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. 2% of the buds are removed from the soil, and 70% of the buds are removed from the soil by a small amount of the film.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out when the scion is 3 leaves (32 days after sowing) in the 5-leaf stage of the stock. Cutting the stock 1.4cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 0.8 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the mulching film and the sunshade net after grafting, shading for 3 days in all days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 2 days in the morning and evening, and uncovering the film after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a covering ditch is opened, the ditch width is 45cm, the ditch surface is 65cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground covering grass. Planting single plants in a single row in each compartment, wherein the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2700 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization:adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 2900 kg/mu wormcast, 45 kg/mu lime-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and 950 kg/mu decomposed green manure organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 40% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 48% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting for 2 times, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.6% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.7% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.25% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization accounts for 5% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.75% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization is 9% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained in the total fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 5% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 4% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation of 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 32 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 45.4% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and the P content accounts for 45% of the total fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 42.3%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 45% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Example 4
The utility pepper efficient production method is implemented in the Wenchang city of Liangshan, sichuan province in 2018, and comprises the following steps of:
1. variety selection: the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 29%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2.5%, the seedling raising substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 5.8, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling raising substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing with clear water, putting the seeds into constant-temperature water at 55 ℃, continuously stirring for 15min, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 8h with clear water at 20 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 75% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out when the stock is in the 5-leaf stage and the scion is 3-leaf stage (30 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.4cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 0.8 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 94% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 23 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Planting single plants in a single row in each compartment, wherein the plant spacing is 22cm, and the cultivation density is 2600 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 2900 kg/mu wormcast, 55 kg/mu calcium magnesium phosphate and 1000 kg/mu decomposed green manure as base fertilizers before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 38% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 Content of 47%, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 54% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content 0.5％，K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.25% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization is 4.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.5% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 2% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 3.75% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation of 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 35 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 50% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and the P content accounts for 50% of the total fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 45% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 40% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Comparative example 1
A comparative example of a high efficiency production method of facility peppers, practiced in the western chang city of cold mountain, et cetera, in 2018, comprising the steps of:
1. the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (35 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying wormcast 2000 kg/mu, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 30 kg/mu and decomposed green manure 600 kg/mu organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content is 20% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content is 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 30% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 30% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.2% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization is 4.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.9% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.8% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4.5%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 4.0% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation of 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer are carried out every 5 days, wherein the total N content of the fertilizer is 68% of the total N content, and the total P content is 50 times 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 61% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 64% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Comparative example 2
A comparative example of a high efficiency production method of facility peppers, practiced in the western chang city of cold mountain, et cetera, in 2018, comprising the steps of:
1. the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (35 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 3000 kg/mu wormcast, 50 kg/mu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1000 kg/mu decomposed green manure organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 42% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 50% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.2% of O content; then drip-irrigation water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer 3 kg/mu under every two weeks film, water-soluble humic acid-containing waterThe sexual carbon fertilizer is 10 kg/mu and the EM strain is 10 kg/mu, the total amount of the fertilizer is 4 times, wherein the total N content of the four fertilizations is 10% of the total N content, and the total N content is P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 8% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 5% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 0.4 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 0.2 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 1 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the total N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 1.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.4% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.8% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation is carried out under the film every 5 days to obtain 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer for 32 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 46% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 41% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 45% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Comparative example 3
A comparative example of a high efficiency production method of facility peppers, practiced in the western chang city of cold mountain, et cetera, in 2018, comprising the steps of:
1. the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (35 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
absorbing N from soil according to the requirement of producing 1000kg of capsicum per dayThe amounts of P, K and N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 4500 kg/mu wormcast, 70 kg/mu calcium magnesium phosphate and 1500 kg/mu decomposed green manure as base fertilizers before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 60% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 70% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 70% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.2% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out under the film every two weeks for 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of water-soluble carbon fertilizer containing humic acid and 5 kg/mu of EM strain for 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization is 4.5 percent of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.9% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.8% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 Content of 4.5%, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 4.0% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation of 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 25 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 28% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and the P content accounts for 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 21% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 24% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. By means of double-rod arrangementEach plant only keeps 2 robust main branches, is Y-shaped, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, the upper ends of the branches are fixed on steel wires above the plants, and the lower ends of the branches are tied on the base of the main stem of the chilli. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Comparative example 4
A comparative example of a high efficiency production method of facility peppers, practiced in the western chang city of cold mountain, et cetera, in 2018, comprising the steps of:
1. the red pepper of the pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi, which has vigorous growth potential and early aging resistance and is suitable for long-season cultivation, is selected as a scion, and the pepper ZW-21 with developed root systems and strong disease resistance is selected as a stock for long-season cultivation in a protected area after autumn delay.
2. Sowing at a proper period: scion is sown in 7 months and 8 days, and stock is sown in 7 months and 1 day. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Seedling grafting: and (3) grafting is carried out at the 5-leaf stage of the stock and at the 4-leaf stage of the scion (35 days after sowing). Cutting the stock 1.5cm above cotyledons by adopting a split grafting method, removing the upper end, and vertically cutting the stock 1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of the broken stem by using a grafting knife; cutting the lower end of the scion seedling at the semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the scion seedling into the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing the scion seedling by using a grafting clip. Covering the grafted film and the sunshade net, shading for 3 days, uncovering the film for ventilation after 7 days. The humidity is kept at 95% in the seedling raising shed, the temperature is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. And after the complete survival, normal management is carried out.
4. Planting in a single row: and (3) a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation capability is selected, and soil is planted in 9 months and 7 days. 1.2m of a ditch is covered, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, and the ditch is covered with a ground fabric grass. Single-row single-plant field planting is carried out in each compartment, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu.
5. And (3) formula fertilization: adopting a five-point sampling method to detect soil nutrient components by adopting a soil sample before soil preparation, wherein the nutrient provided by the cultivated layer of the tested soil block is N21.63 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 4.31 kg/mu, K 2 O32.31 kg/mu;
the amount of N, P, K absorbed from soil per 1000kg of pepper produced is N3.29 kg, P 2 O 5 0.52kg，K 2 O5.21 kg, setting the target yield of the capsicum to 10500 kg/mu, and calculating N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer amount of O is used for distributing the total fertilizer to each fertilization period;
applying 3000 kg/mu wormcast, 50 kg/mu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1000 kg/mu decomposed green manure organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 42% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 50% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer under the film for 1 kg/mu for 2 times at 3 th and 7 th days after field planting, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.2% of O content; then drip-irrigation water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer 1 kg/mu, humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer 3 kg/mu and EM strain 3 kg/mu under every two weeks, 4 times, wherein the N content of four times of fertilization accounts for 2% of the total N content of the fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 2% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1% of O content; then drip irrigation is carried out every two weeks under the film to obtain 3 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer, 2 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer, 7 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble carbon fertilizer and 7 kg/mu of EM strain, 6 times are carried out, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 9.5 percent of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P is contained 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 6.4% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 4.8% of O content; and finally, drip irrigation is carried out under the film every 5 days to obtain 4.5 kg/mu of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 1.5 kg/mu of water-soluble high nitrogen fertilizer for 32 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 46% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 41% of the content, K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 45% of O content;
6. double-pole pruning: 2 roots 14 are tied at the height of 2m above the box surface direction during vine hanging # -16 # And (3) a steel wire. And (3) pruning by adopting double rods, wherein each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by traction of nylon ropes, and has the upper end fixed on a steel wire above the plant and the lower end tied to the base of a pepper trunk. Timely winding a main branch support by using a nylon rope along with the plant length; branches were immediately removed when internode branches developed. After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward, and commodity fruits are ensured to be straight; and the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
Comparative example 5
A traditional method of producing facility peppers, practiced in the western chang city of cold mountain, san francisco, in 2018, comprising the steps of:
1. selecting a pepper variety Ricks 35-191 Lu Kasi round red pepper which is vigorous in growth vigor, resistant to premature senility and suitable for long-season cultivation for cultivation;
2. Sowing at a proper period: sowing for 12 months and 8 days. The total organic matter content is 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2%, the seedling substrate is rich in trace elements and other active root-promoting substances, the nutrient is comprehensive, the pH value is 7.5, the buffering performance is good, and the seedling substrate is specifically Klasmann-Deilmann 876 type 0-5mm fine fiber. Cleaning the seeds before sowing, putting the seeds into constant temperature water at 60 ℃ after the seeds are washed by clear water, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes continuously, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by clear water at 28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds after soaking the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds.
Selecting 72-hole trays, filling the seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing, arranging the seedling trays in order, sowing after watering thoroughly, sowing 1 seed per hole, covering the seeds with a layer of matrixes, and watering again. After sowing, double-layer film coating is adopted for water retention and heat preservation. Removing the micro film when 1% of buds are in soil, and removing the arch canopy film when 70% of buds are in soil.
3. Double-row planting: and (3) selecting a facility with convenient irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertilizer conservation, and planting with soil for 2 months and 7 days. 1.2m of ditch covering and opening, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, and the ditch surface is covered with mulch film, so that the water can be naturally immersed under the soil layer, and each ditch is planted in double rows, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the row spacing is 20cm.
5. And (3) flood irrigation and fertilization: applying 3000kg of wormcast, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1000kg of decomposed green manure and 100kg of balanced controlled release fertilizer before field planting of seedlings; in the early fruiting period of the late 3 months, the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a flood mode, namely 25 kg/mu, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a flood mode, namely 25 kg/mu; the water-soluble fertilizer of Gao Jia type is applied for 2 times in 80 kg/mu in the overirrigation method in the fruiting full period of the last ten days of 5 months and the middle ten days of 6 months.
Experimental example 1 comparison of Capsici fructus yield, water consumption and Fertilizer consumption
The results of the yield of the facility peppers, the water consumption in the production process and the fertilizer consumption of the peppers produced in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 of the present invention are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 facilities Capsici fructus yield, water consumption and fertilizer consumption
Figure BDA0002777799030000241
Figure BDA0002777799030000251
The results in table 1 show that, compared with the traditional facility pepper production method, the yield of example 1 is increased by 192.15%, the water consumption is reduced by 84.43%, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 52.67%, the yield of example 2 is increased by 184.34%, the water consumption is reduced by 84.34%, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 53.22%, the yield of example 3 is increased by 190.87%, the water consumption is reduced by 84.26%, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 51.99%, the yield of example 4 is increased by 186.97%, the water consumption is reduced by 84.34%, and the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 49.09%, and the production benefit of farmers is greatly improved by the facility pepper efficient production method.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The efficient production method of the facility peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting a long-season cultivated pepper variety with a year fruiting as a scion, and selecting a long-season cultivated pepper variety with a year fruiting as a stock;
(2) Sowing at a proper period: the scions in the step (1) are sown in the last ten days of 7 months, and the stock is sown 7-10 days before the scions are sown;
(3) Seedling grafting: in the step (2), grafting is carried out by adopting a cleft grafting method in the 5-leaf period of the stock and in the 3-4-leaf period of the scion in the step (2);
(4) Planting in a single row: carrying out field planting on the seedlings obtained in the step (3) in the last 9 months, carrying out single-row single plant field planting in a separated box, selecting 1.1-1.2m to cover a ditch and open the box, wherein the ditch width is 45-50cm, the box surface is 65-70cm, the box surface is covered with a mulching film, the ditch is covered with ground-covering grasses, the plant spacing is 20-22cm, and the cultivation density is 2600-2800 plants per mu;
(5) And (3) formula fertilization: detecting soil nutrient components, soil volume weight and root system soil volume, and calculating soil fertilizer supply amount, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: soil fertility = soil volume weight x root system soil volume x N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 O content X LiThe utilization rate of N is 1/3 and P 2 O 5 The utilization rate is 1/5, K 2 The O utilization rate is 1/2;
computing N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 The minimum fertilizer requirement of O is calculated as follows:
Figure QLYQS_1
wherein the total amount of nutrients required for target yield is 3.25-3.35kg of P per 1000kg of capsicum 2 O 5 0.45-0.55kg and K 2 O5.10-5.30 kg;
applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer before the field planting of the seedlings in the step (4), wherein the N content accounts for 38-43% of the total fertilizer N content, and the P content 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total fertilizer P 2 O 5 47% -52% of the content, K 2 O content of total fertilizer K 2 49% -54% of O content; drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer under the film at 3 rd and 7 th days after field planting for 2 times, wherein the N content of the two fertilizations accounts for 0.5-0.6% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 0.6% -0.7% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 0.15% -0.25% of O content; then drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM microbial inoculum under every two weeks, wherein the total N content of four fertilizations is 4.5% -5.0% of the total N content, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 3.5% -4.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 1.5% -2.0% of O content; then dripping water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid and EM microbial inoculum under every two weeks for 6 times, wherein the N content of the six times of fertilization accounts for 7.0-9.0% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 4.0% -5.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 3.5% -4.0% of O content; and finally, drip-irrigating water-soluble fertilizer under the film every 5 days for 30-35 times, wherein the N content of the multi-time fertilization accounts for 45.0% -50.0% of the N content of the total fertilizer, and P 2 O 5 The content of the fertilizer is total P 2 O 5 40.0% -45.0% of K 2 O content is total of fertilizer K 2 40.0% -45.0% of O content;
(6) Double-pole pruning: hanging vines of the seedlings subjected to field planting in the step (5) by adopting double-rod pruning; washing seeds before sowing in the step (2) by using clear water, putting the seeds into constant-temperature water at 55-60 ℃, continuously stirring for 10-15min, naturally cooling the seeds, soaking the seeds by using the clear water for 6-8h at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, and rubbing the seeds to remove mucilaginous substances on the surfaces of the seeds after soaking the seeds;
filling seedling trays with seedling matrixes before sowing in the step (2), sowing after watering thoroughly, covering a layer of matrixes to cover seeds after sowing, watering again, covering a micro film and a canopy film double-layer film, removing the micro film when 1-2% of buds are in soil, and removing the canopy film when 70-75% of buds are in soil;
The total organic matter content of the seedling substrate in the step (2) is more than or equal to 28%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 2%, and the pH value is 5.8-7.5;
in the step (3), the grafted seedling raising shed is covered with a mulching film and a sunshade net to shade for 2-3 days in the whole day, the mulching film is uncovered for ventilation after 2-3 days in the morning and evening, the mulching film is uncovered for ventilation after 6-7 days, the humidity in the seedling raising shed is kept at 94-95%, the temperature is 23-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ in the night;
the split grafting method in the step (3) comprises the steps of firstly transversely cutting the upper end of a stock at a position 1.4-1.5cm above cotyledons, vertically cutting the upper end by 0.8-1.0 cm from the middle part of the cross section of a broken stem by using a grafting knife, cutting the lower end of a scion seedling at a semi-lignified position, cutting the cut into a wedge-shaped shape with the same size as the cut of the stock, inserting the cut of the stock, aligning and fixing by using a grafting clip;
the single-row single plant field planting is carried out in the step (4), specifically, 1.2m covered ditches are selected for opening the ditches, the ditch width is 50cm, the ditch surface is 70cm, the ditch surface is covered with a mulching film, the ditches are covered with ground for covering grass, the single-row single plant field planting is carried out in each ditch, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the cultivation density is 2800 plants per mu;
the total nutrient amount required by the target yield in the step (5) is absorbed by N3.29 kg and P according to the requirement of 1000kg per 1000kg of the implemented capsicum 2 O 5 0.52kg and K 2 O5.21 kg calculation;
the double-pole pruning of the step (6) comprises the following steps:
(1) 2 steel wires are tied at the height of 1.8-2m above the box surface during vine hanging;
(2) Each plant only keeps 2 robust main branches in a Y shape, is supported by pulling with a nylon rope, the upper end of the plant is fixed on a steel wire above the plant, the lower end of the plant is tied on the base of the main stem of the pepper, and the main branch is wound with the nylon rope to support along with the growth of the plant;
(3) Immediately removing branches when branches grow among the internodes;
(4) After fruit setting, the fruit positions are adjusted by combining pruning, so that each fruit is vertically downward;
(5) And the malformed fruits and the diseased fruits are dredged in time.
CN202011271359.4A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient production method of facility peppers Active CN112293175B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011271359.4A CN112293175B (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient production method of facility peppers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011271359.4A CN112293175B (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient production method of facility peppers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112293175A CN112293175A (en) 2021-02-02
CN112293175B true CN112293175B (en) 2023-05-26

Family

ID=74334384

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202011271359.4A Active CN112293175B (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient production method of facility peppers

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112293175B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113099977A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-13 江苏康润农业科技发展有限公司 Efficient pepper stubble-grafting planting method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101253845A (en) * 2008-02-22 2008-09-03 国家***桉树研究开发中心 Light ground mass industrial machine-shaping process technology
CN103026877A (en) * 2012-12-24 2013-04-10 田修诚 Technology integration method for developing high efficient organic crop planting
CN103214310A (en) * 2013-04-22 2013-07-24 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN103988693A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-20 丹阳圣丽园农业发展有限公司 Autumn tomato plant cultivation method at high temperature
CN104956889A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-10-07 吴华球 Muskmelon plantation method
WO2018129302A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-12 Monsanto Technology Llc Device and method for pollinating plants
CN111357584A (en) * 2020-03-17 2020-07-03 邵阳市农业科学研究院 Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101253845A (en) * 2008-02-22 2008-09-03 国家***桉树研究开发中心 Light ground mass industrial machine-shaping process technology
CN103026877A (en) * 2012-12-24 2013-04-10 田修诚 Technology integration method for developing high efficient organic crop planting
CN103214310A (en) * 2013-04-22 2013-07-24 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN103988693A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-20 丹阳圣丽园农业发展有限公司 Autumn tomato plant cultivation method at high temperature
CN104956889A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-10-07 吴华球 Muskmelon plantation method
WO2018129302A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-12 Monsanto Technology Llc Device and method for pollinating plants
CN111357584A (en) * 2020-03-17 2020-07-03 邵阳市农业科学研究院 Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
保水剂及肥水施用量对冬春反季节设施辣椒生长的影响;高文瑞;李德翠;徐刚;孙艳军;;江苏农业学报(06);全文 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112293175A (en) 2021-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102293138B (en) Greenhouse vegetable type culture method for grape
CN106900346B (en) Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method
CN110169346B (en) Cherry tomato soilless culture method suitable for tropical area
CN100403881C (en) Forced double cropping cultivation method for fresh Jingwei jujube
CN102948353A (en) Cultivation method of Yuanyou pawpaw trees
CN102823421B (en) High-yield cultivation method of tomato single-plant double-head seedlings
CN105594441A (en) Cultivation method of overwintering strawberry
CN103348856A (en) Planting method for interplanting Chinese chives in field of red-heart kiwi fruit
CN106358970A (en) Mountain land planting method of red grapes
CN105830684A (en) Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method
CN110915578B (en) Cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil
CN106508586B (en) A kind of cultivation technique of young age large cherry interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead
CN101965784B (en) Leaf age mode cotton culture method
CN110393133A (en) The method of wheat yield is improved under one seed pod-wheat intercropping mode
CN112293175B (en) Efficient production method of facility peppers
CN109089755B (en) Planting method of broccoli sprouting vegetable
CN115868385A (en) Cotton and peanut composite planting method
CN102696368A (en) Method for cultivating sunflowers and ensuring stable yield of sunflowers in southern fall sowing
CN112106601B (en) Method for interplanting green manure in coastal saline-alkali soil orchard
CN104160856A (en) Cultivation method for increasing cut-flower amount and seed production amount of collard
CN113597991A (en) Watermelon planting method
CN110574622A (en) Method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori
CN112314374A (en) Method for cultivating early-maturing asparagus bean variety in coastal region of south China in open field in winter and spring
CN111133950A (en) Cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation at base of grape minor shoot
CN113812324A (en) Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant