CN105830684A - Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method - Google Patents
Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830684A CN105830684A CN201610171231.8A CN201610171231A CN105830684A CN 105830684 A CN105830684 A CN 105830684A CN 201610171231 A CN201610171231 A CN 201610171231A CN 105830684 A CN105830684 A CN 105830684A
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- plant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method, comprising the following steps: (1) carefully choosing good seeds; (2) adopting a suitable degradable mulching film that can reduce residual mulching films during plant harvesting and is beneficial for mechanical picking and plant recycling; (3) mechanically applying a granular peanut special fertilizer; (4) adopting an under film drip irrigation technology to reasonably save water through "fertilizer regulation with water"; (5) performing mechanized sowing and drip irrigation management; (6) strengthening disease and insect control and reasonable chemical control; (7) determining peanut plants suitable for harvesting; and (8) determining a harvest time and performing mechanical harvesting. The peanut cultivation method disclosed by the invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the harvesting cost is reduced by 70% or higher compared with that of manual harvesting, and is reduced by 20% compared with that of other planting methods adopting machine harvesting; the fruit drop rate is reduced by 50% or higher compared with that of other planting methods adopting machine harvesting; and the labor productivity is improved, the irrigation frequency and strength are reduced, the fertilizer utilization ratio and the plant utilization ratio are improved, and the peanut plump percent and the peanut acre yield are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of peanut cultivation method.
Background technology
Semen arachidis hypogaeae is main economic crops in China and oil crop.In Semen arachidis hypogaeae reality produces, harvesting mechanization level is low, agriculture
The problems such as machine and agronomy disconnect, means of production utilization ratio is the highest, cause the wasting of resources, the environment such as labour force, water, fertilizer, soil
Deteriorate.Reducing agricultural resource waste, raising Semen arachidis hypogaeae high-quality, efficient production capacity have become as the weight of current Semen arachidis hypogaeae research work
Point.This method proposition is a kind of improves mechanical peanut level, water, fertilizer, the cultivation technique of Soil Utilization efficiency, improves agricultural resource
Level of comprehensive utilization, the product factor of merit and agricultural eco_environmental quality.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: provides a kind of and improves mechanical peanut level, water, fertilizer, Soil Utilization efficiency
Cultivation technique, reduces the human and material resources wasting of resources and upper soll layer pollutes, and improves peanut production efficiency and benefit, it is achieved Semen arachidis hypogaeae
The synthetic method for planting efficiently produced.
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the peanut cultivation method simplifying water-saving efficient of the present invention, comprise the steps:
(1) selected breeding, it is desirable to: the full nothing of seed is gone mouldy, free from insect pests, do not peel；Germination percentage " 95%, emergence rate "
90%；Individual plant plastidynamia is strong, reduces the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, and plant regularity is high, is beneficial to results；
(2) use suitable degradable mulch, reduce results plant residual mulching film, beneficially machinery and pluck fruit and plant recycling,
Require: the covering with ground sheeting phase used reach 70 days, in degradative phase degradation rate more than 70%, thick 0.004-0.006mm, wide 90-100cm
Degradable mulch；
(3) machinery particulate application type fertilizer specially for peanut, this special fertilizer meets Semen arachidis hypogaeae period of duration to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer
Demand, discharges according to the standard of 40-60kg/ mu in machine sowing mode, and fertilizer efficiency is according to Semen arachidis hypogaeae nutrient uptake feature slow release, it is not necessary to topdress,
Later stage not de-fertilizer, the proportioning of the component of this fertilizer specially for peanut and the percentage by weight of each component is as follows:
Wherein, sulfur coated controlled release carbamide can ensure the middle and late stage Semen arachidis hypogaeae demand to nitrogenous fertilizer, ureaformaldehyde have slow-release capability strong,
Not taking off fertile feature, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) can supplement nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer further, is suitable for using with florescence seedling stage, and potassium sulfate has benefit
Filling the function of sulfur, potash fertilizer, zinc sulfate has the function of supplementary zinc element, simultaneously energy Accelerate bloom result, and ferrous sulfate has benefit
Fill ferrum, the function of guarantor's greenery.
(4) using drip irrigation under film, " adjusting fertilizer with water " rationally economizes on water, it is desirable to: lay drip irrigation pipe with sowing disposable film；
Drip irrigation width 3-5cm, compression resistance reaches 2.5 atmospheric pressure, mono-weeper of 5cm；Water flowing is smooth, crack-free；Drip-irrigation water every time
Amount 15m3/ mu；
(5) Mechanization sowing and drip irrigation management, specified operational procedure is: combined machinery, can complete ridging simultaneously, broadcast
Plant, apply fertilizer, spray medicine, additionally arrange drip irrigation pipe, overlay film；Ridge height 15-18cm, ridge face width 42-45cm, a ridge duplicate rows, single grain fine sowing；Drip irrigation
Select select carry out for three times, the most after planting drip irrigation is once, emerge latter 20 days, 40 days each drip irrigations once；
(6) strengthen insect pest preventing and controlling and rationalize control, concrete operations: Semen arachidis hypogaeae period of duration carries out pest control according to insect pest situation, spray
Execute 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent；Typically need not control, when plant height is more than 40cm, for controlling prosperous length, mu sprays dilute
Effect azoles 2.5-5.0 gram, sprays 1 time；
Wherein, spray 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent and there is evils such as killing beet exigua larvae, bollworm, Pieris rapae
The function of worm, sprays S 3307, has the function controlling peanut plant excessive velocities.
(7) by above-mentioned management process, field management can be simplified soon, cultivate suitably results Semen arachidis hypogaeae plant type, be beneficial to improve machine
Toolization results level, suitable results Semen arachidis hypogaeae plant type requirement is: between plant height 38-44cm, individual plant branch 6-10, Fruit branch is upright, collection
In yield positive results 10-12 days phase, number of results 12-16, be concentrated mainly on the base portion of plant；Plumpness, double a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. rate are high, ripe
Phase concentrates；Plant not senilism, fell leaves after 3-5 days harvest time；Really pin flexible, a length of 5-8cm；Harvest time pod moisture content
Low, dehydration is fast, it is easy to dry in the sun；
(8) determination of harvest time and mechanical harvest, harvest time, Herb greenery, mulch film dropped with pod water content less than 50%
Solving more than 70%, plantation ridge water content is as the criterion less than 60%, uses combine results, once results single ridge duplicate rows, Shao Liangren
Work picks up ground shedding.
Use above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the advantage that
Results expense more manually gathers in the crops reduction by more than 70%, incorporates low by 20% compared with other implantation methods machine；Fruit drop rate is compared with it
Its implantation methods machine is incorporated low by more than 50%；Improve labor productivity, reduce irrigation frequency and intensity, improve utilization rate of fertilizer
With plant utilization rate, improve Semen arachidis hypogaeae plumpness and Semen arachidis hypogaeae per mu yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Choose 2 mu of Peanut Fields in Heze city of Shandong province, be divided into two parts, 1 mu every part, be expressed as No. 1 field and No. 2 fields,
Wherein the cultural method of No. 1 field employing present invention, uses machine to receive；No. 2 fields use conventional cultivation method, use artificial results.
Calculating No. 1 field and No. 2 fields respectively, details see table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
Choose 8 mu of Peanut Fields in Juancheng County, Heze city of Shandong province, be divided into two parts, 4 mu every part, be expressed as No. 1 field and 2
Number field, wherein No. 1 field uses the cultural method of the present invention, and No. 2 fields use conventional cultivation methods, all use machine to receive.
Calculating No. 1 field and No. 2 fields respectively, details see table 2.
Table 2
With reference to table 1,2, the Semen arachidis hypogaeae of the inventive method cultivation, results expense is used more manually to gather in the crops reduction by more than 70%, relatively
Other implantation methods machine is incorporated low by 20%；The factor of merit increases by more than 10%；Fruit drop rate is incorporated low by 50% compared with other implantation methods machine
Above；Plumpness improves more than 9%, mu rate of growth more than 20%.
Claims (1)
1. the peanut cultivation method simplifying water-saving efficient, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) selected breeding, it is desirable to: the full nothing of seed is gone mouldy, free from insect pests, do not peel；Germination percentage ＞ 95%, emergence rate ＞ 90%；
Individual plant plastidynamia is strong, reduces the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, and plant regularity is high, is beneficial to results；
(2) use suitable degradable mulch, reduce results plant residual mulching film, beneficially machinery and pluck fruit and plant recycling, it is desirable to:
The covering with ground sheeting phase used reach 70 days, in degradative phase degradation rate more than 70%, thick 0.004-0.006mm, wide 90-100cm can
Degradative plastic film；
(3) machinery particulate application type fertilizer specially for peanut, this special fertilizer meets Semen arachidis hypogaeae period of duration to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the demand of micro-fertilizer,
The proportioning of the component of this fertilizer specially for peanut and the percentage by weight of each component is as follows:
(4) using drip irrigation under film, " adjusting fertilizer with water " rationally economizes on water, it is desirable to: lay drip irrigation pipe with sowing disposable film；Drip irrigation
Wide 3-5cm, compression resistance reaches 2.5 atmospheric pressure, mono-weeper of 5cm；Water flowing is smooth, crack-free；Drip-irrigation water amount every time
15m3/ mu；
(5) Mechanization sowing and drip irrigation management, specified operational procedure is: combined machinery, can complete ridging simultaneously, sow, executes
Fertile, spray medicine, additionally arrange drip irrigation pipe, overlay film；Ridge height 15-18cm, ridge face width 42-45cm, a ridge duplicate rows, single grain fine sowing；Drip irrigation selects
Selecting to carry out for three times, the most after planting drip irrigation is once, emerge latter 20 days, 40 days each drip irrigations once；
(6) strengthen insect pest preventing and controlling and rationalize control, concrete operations: Semen arachidis hypogaeae period of duration carries out pest control according to insect pest situation, sprays
20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent；Typically need not control, when plant height is more than 40cm, for controlling prosperous length, mu sprays dilute effect
Azoles 2.5-5.0 gram, sprays 1 time；
(7) by above-mentioned management process, field management can be simplified soon, cultivate suitably results Semen arachidis hypogaeae plant type, be beneficial to improve mechanization
Results level, suitable results Semen arachidis hypogaeae plant type requirement is: between plant height 38-44cm, individual plant branch 6-10, Fruit branch is upright, and concentration is opened
Flower fruiting period 10-12 days, number of results 12-16, it is concentrated mainly on the base portion of plant；Plumpness, double a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. rate are high, period of maturation collection
In；Plant not senilism, fell leaves after 3-5 days harvest time；Really pin flexible, a length of 5-8cm；Harvest time, pod moisture content was low, de-
Water is fast, it is easy to dry in the sun；
(8) determination of harvest time and mechanical harvest, harvest time with pod water content less than 50%, Herb greenery, Plastic-film disintegration
More than 70%, plantation ridge water content is as the criterion less than 60%, uses combine results, once results single ridge duplicate rows, the most manually
Pick up ground shedding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610171231.8A CN105830684A (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610171231.8A CN105830684A (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105830684A true CN105830684A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610171231.8A Pending CN105830684A (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Simple, water-saving and efficient peanut cultivation method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106818123A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-06-13 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut disease pest and weed prevention and controls of simple and effective |
| CN106818124A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-06-13 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of Peanut efficient water use |
| CN107396729A (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-11-28 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut cultivation method of suitable for mechanized harvest |
| CN107432151A (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-12-05 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of application technique of the efficient machine dispenser fertilizer of Peanut Mild letter |
| CN109874627A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of Spring Peanut Biodegradable mulch trickle irrigation implantation methods |
| CN113951076A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-21 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS513949A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1976-01-13 | Oita Prefecture | |
| CN101589676A (en) * | 2009-06-06 | 2009-12-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Summer direct-seeding high-yield peanut protective cultivation method and sower thereof |
| CN104620814A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-20 | 陈传璞 | High-yield cultivation method for large selenium-rich peanuts |
| CN104938204A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-09-30 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Planting method capable of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of peanuts |
-
2016
- 2016-03-15 CN CN201610171231.8A patent/CN105830684A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS513949A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1976-01-13 | Oita Prefecture | |
| CN101589676A (en) * | 2009-06-06 | 2009-12-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Summer direct-seeding high-yield peanut protective cultivation method and sower thereof |
| CN104620814A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-20 | 陈传璞 | High-yield cultivation method for large selenium-rich peanuts |
| CN104938204A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-09-30 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Planting method capable of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of peanuts |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国作物学会等: "《中国作物栽培》", 30 November 1991, 科学普及出版社 * |
| 刘洪顺等: "《花生与气象》", 30 November 1987, 气象出版社 * |
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| 赵良启: "《白色污染防治与可降解塑料的开发》", 31 March 2002, 山西科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106818123A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-06-13 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut disease pest and weed prevention and controls of simple and effective |
| CN106818124A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-06-13 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of Peanut efficient water use |
| CN107396729A (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-11-28 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut cultivation method of suitable for mechanized harvest |
| CN107432151A (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-12-05 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | A kind of application technique of the efficient machine dispenser fertilizer of Peanut Mild letter |
| CN109874627A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of Spring Peanut Biodegradable mulch trickle irrigation implantation methods |
| CN113951076A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-21 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113951076B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-11-11 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
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