CN112272984A - Coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shore zone micro-ecological environment restoration system and a construction method thereof. The repairing system comprises one or more of three different repairing modules, namely a water-permeable depression wetland module, a water-permeable depression wetland module and a local soil improving module, wherein the water-permeable depression wetland module is mainly formed by paving a clay liner, a backfill soil layer, a clay layer and a gravel layer on a soil base layer at one time, and the module has stronger water retention performance; the water permeable depression wetland module is mainly formed by sequentially and upwards paving clay layers and gravel layers on the upper surface of a soil base layer, and the module has water retention and water permeability; the local soil improvement module is mainly formed by paving a planting soil layer on the upper surface of a soil base layer, and the planting soil is rich in organic matters and nutrient substances. According to different problems of the shore zone, the most suitable module combination or the most suitable module combination can be selected in a targeted manner, and the problems of shore open soil, unsmooth land and water exchange, single plant species, serious water and soil loss, land salinization and the like are solved in a targeted manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coastal zone microbial environment restoration, in particular to a coastal zone microbial environment restoration system and a construction method thereof.
Background
The shore belt is also called lake berth shore side belt, lake shore belt and the like, is usually a lake shore water and land staggered belt and is a transition belt between a lake basin terrestrial ecosystem and an aquatic ecosystem. The shore zone is an indispensable part in a wetland ecosystem, can retain and purify pollutants, maintain water and soil, improve biological diversity, provide wild animal habitats, regulate deposition, erosion and the like, and is also a key field for wetland ecological restoration. In the past decades, because China vigorously develops industry and economy and considers one-sidedness of problems, the river channel water conservancy safety is considered to be more, the river channel bank is hardened, the action of a river channel bank zone of an water-land junction is less considered, the river channel and the bank zone are forcibly separated, the river channel water body environment is single, and the river channel water purifying capacity is greatly reduced. In addition, in some coastal areas, the problems of soil salinization, vegetation degradation and the like also exist.
The invention provides a technical scheme, which is used for actually solving the problems of open soil on the shore, unsmooth land and water exchange, single plant species, serious water and soil loss, land salinization and the like through engineering measures such as land preparation on the shore zone, soil improvement in an area with poor soil matrix and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system and a construction method thereof, which aim to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system is formed by any one or combination of a plurality of modules of a water-impermeable hollow wetland module, a water-permeable hollow wetland module and a local soil improvement module.
Furthermore, the water-seepage-proof depression wetland module comprises a soil base layer, wherein a clay liner, a backfill soil layer, a clay layer and a gravel layer are sequentially paved upwards on the upper surface of the soil base layer;
the water permeable depression wetland module comprises a soil base layer, wherein a clay layer and a gravel layer are sequentially paved upwards on the upper surface of the soil base layer;
the local soil improvement module comprises a soil base layer, and a planting soil layer is laid on the upper surface of the soil base layer.
Further, the clay liner mainly comprises polyolefin fabric, clay, nano titanium dioxide and activated carbon.
Further, the clay has a permeability coefficient of 10～8～10～6cm/s。
The clay permeability coefficient used in the scheme is 10～8～10～6cm/s; when the clay permeability coefficient is more than 10～6cm/s, the clay has weak water retention effect, is not beneficial to the development of biodiversity of the shore zone and influences the restoration effect of the shore zone; when the clay permeability coefficient is less than 10～8cm/s, the water seepage effect of clay is weak, water cannot permeate to the lower layer, plant growth is not facilitated, and the clay cannot play a role in naturally leaching and washing salt.
Further, the polyolefin is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene.
A construction method of a coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system is any one or combination of a construction method of a water-impermeable hollow wetland module, a construction method of a water-permeable hollow wetland module and a construction method of a local soil improvement module.
Further, the construction method of the water-seepage-proof depression wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.0-3.0 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope gradient ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4-6;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, manufacturing a clay liner, namely taking two polyolefin fabrics; uniformly mixing clay and activated carbon, uniformly paving the mixture between two pieces of polyolefin fabric, laminating by a compression roller, and needling to form a base material; mixing and stirring nano titanium dioxide and waterborne polyurethane to form a coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane to the nano titanium dioxide in the coating liquid is 0.4:1, uniformly coating the coating liquid on the surface of a base material to form a nano titanium dioxide coating layer, wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 10-50 mu m, and naturally airing to form a clay liner;
in the invention, in the process of preparing the clay liner, the activated carbon is added, and the activated carbon and the clay have synergistic effect, so that heavy metals in a soil layer can be effectively adsorbed, and the soil pollution is reduced; the nano titanium dioxide coating is coated on the surface layer of the clay liner, so that high-efficiency bacteriostasis and sterilization can be realized, and the phenomenon that the liner is rotten due to the breeding of bacteria in the liner is prevented; therefore, the clay liner can continuously and efficiently play a role.
S4, paving a clay liner above the soil base layer, leveling, enabling two ends of the clay liner to be retracted into the ditch, and fixing the anchoring ditch; the internal and external corner treatment, the lap joint width and the like are constructed according to the requirements of the national standard 'underground engineering waterproof technical specification', after the clay liner construction is finished, a water storage or water spraying test is carried out, and no leakage or water accumulation exists within 24 hours.
S5, backfilling excavated earthwork on the clay liner, and carrying out layered compaction and leveling to form a backfill soil layer; the thickness of the backfill soil layer is 0.4-0.8 m;
s6, uniformly paving clay above the original soil layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.2-0.5 m;
s7, uniformly paving gravels above the clay layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.05-0.2 m; and finishing the construction of the water seepage and depression-proof wetland module. The upper part of the gravel layer is used for storing rainwater and providing a water source for the water-tight hollow wetland module, and the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5-0.6 m.
Preferably, the construction method of the water-seepage-proof depression wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.5 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, manufacturing a clay liner, namely taking two polyolefin fabrics; uniformly mixing clay and activated carbon, uniformly paving the mixture between two pieces of polyolefin fabric, laminating by a compression roller, and needling to form a base material; mixing and stirring nano titanium dioxide and waterborne polyurethane to form a coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane to the nano titanium dioxide in the coating liquid is 0.4:1, uniformly coating the coating liquid on the surface of a base material to form a nano titanium dioxide coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 20 mu m, and naturally airing to form a clay liner;
s4, paving a clay liner above the soil base layer, leveling, enabling two ends of the clay liner to be retracted into the ditch, and fixing the anchoring ditch;
s5, backfilling excavated earthwork on the clay liner, and carrying out layered compaction and leveling to form a backfill soil layer; the thickness of the backfill soil layer is 0.6 m;
s6, uniformly paving clay above the original soil layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.3 m;
s7, uniformly paving gravels above the clay layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.1 m; the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5m, and the gravel layer can be used for storing rainwater to finish the construction of the water seepage-proof depression wetland module.
The water retaining action is played through laying the clay liner to the water retaining depression wetland module of this scheme structure, and sufficient moisture can multiplicable shoreline area restores biological variety in the unit, and biological variety is favorable to the circulation restoration in shoreline area. In addition, due to the diversity of plants and organisms and the laying of the gravel layer, the water and soil loss of the shore can be avoided; the gravel layer can be used for storing rainwater, on one hand, the vegetation growth and the life activities of microorganisms are met, and on the other hand, the soil layer purification effect is achieved.
Further, the construction method of the water permeable depression wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 0.8-1.4 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope gradient ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4-6;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, uniformly paving clay above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.2-0.6 m;
s4, uniformly paving gravels with the particle size of 20-30 mm above the clay layer, and flattening to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.05-0.2 m, and the construction of the water permeable depression wetland module block is completed. The upper part of the gravel layer is used for storing rainwater and providing a water source for the water-tight hollow wetland module, and the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5-0.6 m.
Preferably, the construction method of the water permeable depression wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, uniformly paving clay above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.4 m;
s4, uniformly paving gravels with the particle size of 20-30 mm above the clay layer, and flattening to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.1m, the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5m, and the gravel layer can be used for storing rainwater and finishing the construction of the water permeable depression wetland module block.
The permeable depression wetland module constructed by the scheme is characterized in that local sandy loam is replaced by clay, and the clay has stronger water retention performance compared with the sandy loam; therefore, clay is adopted to replace part of sandy loam, so that the coastal zone restoration unit has the water retention function and the water seepage function, and the water in the soil is slowly released, so that the vegetation growth is facilitated, and the unsmooth land and water exchange phenomenon is improved; on the other hand, the function of salt leaching by infiltration and natural leaching is achieved.
Further, the local soil improvement module construction method specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; vertically excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the excavation depth is 0.2-1.0 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.2-1.0 m and is as high as the ground before excavation; and planting plants in the planting layer to complete the construction of the local soil improvement module.
Preferably, the method for constructing the local soil improvement module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; vertically excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the excavation depth is 0.4 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.4m and is as high as the ground before excavation; and planting plants in the planting layer to complete the construction of the local soil improvement module.
The local soil improvement module that this scheme was established utilizes planting soil to replace the original soil in bank area, and the ripe soil of ploughing that planting soil selection organic matter content is high, nutrition is abundant in the planting soil, and the growth of multiple different vegetation is favorable to abundant nutrient substance in the planting soil, and the healthy growth of multiple plant can improve soil erosion and water loss, soil saline and alkaline, soil difference scheduling problem again, consequently forms virtuous circle.
Further, the local soil improvement module construction step S2 is to mature the cultivation soil;
the pH value of the cured ploughed soil is 5.6-8.0; the total salt content of the soil is 0.1-0.3%; the volume weight of the soil is 1.0g/cm3～1.35g/cm3(ii) a The organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1.5 percent; the block diameter of the soil is less than or equal to 5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides three different restoration modules, namely a water-permeable depression wetland module, a water-permeable depression wetland module and a local soil improvement module, and the most suitable module combination or the combination of a plurality of modules can be selected in a targeted manner according to different defects of a shore zone; when the coastal zone has the problems of serious water and soil loss, soil salinization and the like, and the soil matrix is poor, soil improvement needs to be selected; when the shore has rainwater regulation and purification requirements, selecting an impermeable hollow wetland; when the land bank has the conditions of unsmooth land and water exchange, conflict between the water retention function and the water seepage function and the like, the permeable and hollow wetland is selected. And a proper restoration module is selected, so that the problems of open soil on the shore, unsmooth land and water exchange, single plant species, serious water and soil loss, land salinization and the like are pertinently solved, and finally, the ecological restoration of the shore zone is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water-impermeable swamp wetland module in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water permeable depression wetland module in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a local soil improvement module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method is characterized in that a salt city Chuandong harbor plot area in Jiangsu province is used as a restoration object, the area is a lakeside zone formed by extending a high speed of a Huaihe river to a Chundong harbor water area, the basic condition of the lakeside zone is poor, the problems of serious water and soil loss, single plant cover of the lakeside zone, land salinization and the like exist. Project personnel of our company do on-site investigation and investigation in the district in 2018 and 1 month, and analyze land appearance, hydrology, water quality, climatic conditions, soil characteristics, plant and organism growth conditions and distribution conditions in the district in the hong Kong district. Through comprehensive analysis of research contents, a water-impermeable depression wetland module, a water-permeable depression wetland module and a local soil improvement module are finally selected, the three modules are combined to construct an ecological restoration system of the Shandong harbor shore zone, the implementation area is 1084 mu, and the implementation time is from 2018 to 2-10 months. The specific implementation content is as follows:
marking lines in a repair area, wherein each 100 mu is a unit, and a water seepage prevention depression wetland module, a water seepage depression wetland module and a local soil improvement module are sequentially constructed in the unit from one end close to lake water to the rear, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
preparing before construction, selecting bentonite and attapulgite in a ratio of 1:1 as clay, wherein the clay has a permeability coefficient of about 10～7；
Collecting mature plowing soil as planting soil in a farmland around hong Kong Chuan, wherein the indexes of the mature plowing soil are detected as follows: the pH value is 6.8; the total salt content of the soil is 0.2 percent; the volume weight of the soil is 1.15g/cm3(ii) a The organic matter content of the soil is 2.3 percent; the average soil block diameter is about 4 cm.
Water seepage and depression-proof wetland module construction
S1, removing barriers on the surface of a shore zone in a unit; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.5 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, manufacturing a clay liner, namely taking two polyolefin fabrics; uniformly mixing clay and activated carbon, uniformly paving the mixture between two pieces of polyolefin fabric, laminating by a compression roller, and needling to form a base material; mixing and stirring nano titanium dioxide and waterborne polyurethane to form a coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane to the nano titanium dioxide in the coating liquid is 0.4:1, uniformly coating the coating liquid on the surface of a base material to form a nano titanium dioxide coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 20 mu m, and naturally airing to form a clay liner;
s4, paving a clay liner above the soil base layer, leveling, enabling two ends of the clay liner to be retracted into the ditch, and fixing the anchoring ditch; the internal and external corner treatment, the lap joint width and the like are constructed according to the requirements of the national standard 'underground engineering waterproof technical specification', after the clay liner construction is finished, a water storage test is carried out, and the phenomena of leakage and water accumulation are avoided within 24 hours.
S5, backfilling excavated earthwork on the clay liner, and carrying out layered compaction and leveling to form a backfill soil layer; the thickness of the backfill soil layer is 0.6 m;
s6, uniformly paving clay above the original soil layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.3 m;
s7, uniformly paving gravels above the clay layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.1 m; the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5m, and the gravel layer can be used for storing rainwater to finish the construction of the water seepage-proof swamp wetland module, as shown in figure 1.
Second, construction of water permeable depression wetland module
S1, removing obstacles on the surface of a shore zone in a unit, excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, uniformly paving clay above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.4 m;
s4, uniformly paving gravels with the particle size of 20-30 mm above the clay layer, and flattening to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.1m, the height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original place surface is 0.5m, the gravel layer can be used for storing rainwater, and the construction of the water permeable depression wetland module block is completed, as shown in figure 2.
Third, local soil improvement module construction
S1, removing barriers on the surface of a shore zone in a unit; vertically excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the excavation depth is 0.4 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.4m and is as high as the ground before excavation; plants such as the rhizomaea, the bermudagrass, the suaeda glauca and the like are planted in the planting layer, and the construction of a local soil improvement module is completed, as shown in figure 3.
After the construction of the restoration system is finished, maintenance personnel are arranged to regularly clean weeds and animal and plant residues in the restoration area of the shore zone, and regularly water and maintain the vegetation in the area.
After the remediation system for the coastal zone of the hongkong Chundong harbor constructed by the scheme is used for remediation, the diversity index of plants reaches 1.5, and the biological distribution amount reaches 2050g/m2(ii) a The diversity of plants and organisms is comprehensively improved by 57.2 percent; the vegetation coverage area is greatly increased to 60.5%, the restored hongkong shore zone is almost exposed to soil, and the soil salinization is improved.
Example 2
The method is characterized in that a shore zone of a certain lake in Jiangsu province is used as a restoration object, and the shore zone mainly has the phenomena of single vegetation, salinization of land and partial water and soil loss. Project personnel of our company do on-site exploration and investigation in the zone in 2017 and 10 months, and analyze land morphology, hydrology, water quality, climate conditions, soil characteristics in the zone, plant and organism growth conditions and distribution conditions of riparian zones in the lake zone. Through comprehensive analysis of research contents, a water seepage-proof depression wetland module and a local soil improvement module are finally selected, the two modules are combined to construct the coastal zone ecological restoration system, the implementation area is 107.2 mu, the implementation period is 2017, 10 months to 2018, 1 month, and the specific implementation contents are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of sequentially constructing a water-seepage-free depression wetland module and a local soil improvement module from one end close to lake water to the rear part, and specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing before construction, selecting bentonite and attapulgite in a ratio of 1:1 as clay, wherein the clay has a permeability coefficient of about 10～8；
Collecting mature plowing soil as planting soil in a farmland around hong Kong Chuan, wherein the indexes of the mature plowing soil are detected as follows: the pH value is 5.6; the total salt content of the soil is 0.1 percent; the volume weight of the soil is 1.0g/cm3(ii) a The organic matter content of the soil is 1.5 percent; the average soil block diameter is about 3 cm.
Water seepage and depression-proof wetland module construction
S1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.0 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 5;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, manufacturing a clay liner, namely taking two polyolefin fabrics; uniformly mixing clay and activated carbon, uniformly paving the mixture between two pieces of polyolefin fabric, laminating by a compression roller, and needling to form a base material; mixing and stirring nano titanium dioxide and waterborne polyurethane to form a coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane to the nano titanium dioxide in the coating liquid is 0.4:1, uniformly coating the coating liquid on the surface of a base material to form a nano titanium dioxide coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is 10 mu m, and naturally airing to form a clay liner;
s4, paving a clay liner above the soil base layer, leveling, enabling two ends of the clay liner to be retracted into the ditch, and fixing the anchoring ditch;
s5, backfilling excavated earthwork on the clay liner, and carrying out layered compaction and leveling to form a backfill soil layer; the thickness of the backfill soil layer is 0.4 m;
s6, uniformly paving clay above the original soil layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.2 m;
s7, uniformly paving gravels above the clay layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.05 m; and finishing the construction of the water seepage and depression-proof wetland module.
Second, local soil improvement module construction
S1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; the earthwork is vertically excavated from the top to the bottom,
the excavation depth is 0.5 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.5m and is as high as the ground before excavation; and planting plants in the planting layer to complete the construction of the local soil improvement module.
After the construction of the restoration system is finished, maintenance personnel are arranged to regularly clean weeds and animal and plant residues in the restoration area of the shore zone, and regularly water and maintain the vegetation in the area.
After the shore zone restoration system constructed by the scheme is restored, the diversity index of the plant reaches 1.6, and the diversity of the plant is comprehensively improved by 52.6%; the vegetation coverage area is greatly increased to 57.2%, the repaired lake shore zone almost has the phenomenon of earth exposure, and the vegetation unicity and the land salinization are greatly improved.
Example 3
The shore zone of a certain lake is taken as a restoration object, and the shore zone mainly has the phenomena of single vegetation, unsmooth land and water exchange and partial water and soil loss. Project personnel of our company do on-site exploration and investigation in the zone in 2018 and 9 months, and analyze land morphology, hydrology, water quality, climate conditions, soil characteristics in the zone, plant and organism growth conditions and distribution conditions of riparian zones in the lake zone. Through comprehensive analysis of research contents, the permeable swamp wetland module is finally selected to construct the lake shore zone ecological restoration system, the implementation area is 243.3 mu, the implementation period is from 2018 to 2019 and from 9 to 3, and the specific implementation contents are as follows:
preparing before construction, selecting bentonite and attapulgite in a ratio of 1:1 as clay, wherein the clay has a permeability coefficient of about 10～6；
The specific construction process comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.4 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope ratio of the side slopes is 1: 6;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, uniformly paving clay above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.6 m;
s4, uniformly paving gravels with the particle size of 20-30 mm above the clay layer, and flattening to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.2m, and the construction of the water permeable depression wetland module block is completed. The height between the upper part of the gravel layer and the original site surface is 0.6 m.
After the construction of the restoration system is finished, maintenance personnel are arranged to regularly clean weeds and animal and plant residues in the restoration area of the shore zone, and regularly water and maintain the vegetation in the area.
After the shore zone restoration system constructed by the scheme is restored, the diversity index of the plant reaches 1.56, and the diversity of the plant is comprehensively improved by 53.6%; the repaired lake shore zone is almost exposed to soil, and the unsmooth land and water exchange is greatly improved.
Example 4
The coastal zone of a lake is taken as a restoration object, and the coastal zone mainly has the phenomena of water and soil loss and serious soil salinization. Project personnel of our company do on-site exploration and investigation in the zone in 2019 and 5 months, and analyze land morphology, hydrology, water quality, climate conditions, soil characteristics in the zone, plant and organism growth conditions and distribution conditions of riparian zones in the lake zone. Through comprehensive analysis of research contents, the permeable swamp wetland module is finally selected to construct the lake shore zone ecological restoration system, the implementation area is 487.6 mu, the implementation period is 5 months in 2019 to 5 months in 2019, and the specific implementation contents are as follows:
preparing before construction, and selecting mature ploughing soil as planting soil;
the specific construction process comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; vertically excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the excavation depth is 0.4 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.4m and is as high as the ground before excavation; and planting plants such as the filigree, the bermuda grass, the suaeda glauca, the privet and the like on the planting layer to complete the construction of the local soil improvement module.
After construction, arranging maintenance personnel, regularly watering the vegetation in the riparian zone restoration area, maintaining for 1 month, taking the soil in two areas with the soil layer thickness of 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm in the area, and detecting the total salt content and the pH value, wherein the detection results are shown in the following table 1;
TABLE 1
According to detection data, the whole salt content of the soil is obviously improved within one month after the shore belt is constructed by the soil improvement module, and the whole salt content of the soil at the depth of 0-5 cm is reduced from 0.357% to 0.205%; the total salt content of the soil at the depth of 5-20 cm is reduced from 0.447% to 0.237%; the pH value of the soil is also reduced; the salt alkalization in the repair area is comprehensively improved, and the water and soil loss is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system, which is characterized in that; the restoration system is formed by any one or combination of a plurality of water-impermeable hollow wetland modules, water-permeable hollow wetland modules and local soil improvement modules.
2. The coastal zone micro-ecological environment remediation system of claim 1, wherein:
the water-impermeable depression wetland module comprises a soil base layer, wherein a clay liner, a backfill soil layer, a clay layer and a gravel layer are sequentially paved upwards on the upper surface of the soil base layer;
the water permeable depression wetland module comprises a soil base layer, wherein a clay layer and a gravel layer are sequentially paved upwards on the upper surface of the soil base layer;
the local soil improvement module comprises a soil base layer, and a planting soil layer is laid on the upper surface of the soil base layer.
3. The coastal zone micro-ecological environment remediation system of claim 2, wherein: the clay liner mainly comprises polyolefin fabric, clay, nano titanium dioxide and activated carbon.
4. The coastal zone micro-ecological environment remediation system of claim 2, wherein: the clay has a permeability coefficient of 10～8～10～6cm/s。
5. The coastal zone micro-ecological environment remediation system of claim 3, wherein: the polyolefin is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene.
6. A construction method of a coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system is characterized in that the construction method of the restoration system is any one or combination of a plurality of module construction methods of a water-impermeable hollow wetland module construction method, a water-permeable hollow wetland module construction method and a local soil improvement module construction method.
7. The construction method of the coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the construction method of the water seepage hole-proof wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 1.0-3.0 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope gradient ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4-6;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, manufacturing a clay liner, namely taking two polyolefin fabrics; uniformly mixing clay and activated carbon, uniformly paving the mixture between two pieces of polyolefin fabric, laminating by a compression roller, and needling to form a base material; mixing and stirring nano titanium dioxide and waterborne polyurethane to form a coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane to the nano titanium dioxide in the coating liquid is 0.4:1, uniformly coating the coating liquid on the surface of a base material to form a nano titanium dioxide coating layer, wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 10-50 mu m, and naturally airing to form a clay liner;
s4, paving a clay liner above the soil base layer, leveling, enabling two ends of the clay liner to be retracted into the ditch, and fixing the anchoring ditch;
s5, backfilling excavated earthwork on the clay liner, and carrying out layered compaction and leveling to form a backfill soil layer; the thickness of the backfill soil layer is 0.4-0.8 m;
s6, uniformly paving clay above the original soil layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.2-0.5 m;
s7, uniformly paving gravels above the clay layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.05-0.2 m; and finishing the construction of the water seepage and depression-proof wetland module.
8. The construction method of the coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the construction method of the water permeable depression wetland module specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the earthwork is reserved and the excavation depth is 0.8-1.4 m; trimming side slopes to two sides, wherein the slope gradient ratio of the side slopes is 1: 4-6;
s2, tamping and leveling bottom soil after excavation to form a soil base layer;
s3, uniformly paving clay above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a clay layer; the thickness of the clay layer is 0.2-0.6 m;
s4, uniformly paving gravels with the particle size of 20-30 mm above the clay layer, and flattening to form a gravel layer; the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.05-0.2 m, and the construction of the water permeable depression wetland module block is completed.
9. The construction method of the coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the local soil improvement module construction method specifically comprises the following steps;
s1, surveying a site, selecting a riparian zone bank repairing area, and removing surface obstacles; vertically excavating earthwork from top to bottom, wherein the excavation depth is 0.2-1.0 m; tamping and leveling the bottom soil to form a soil base layer;
s2, uniformly paving planting soil above the soil base layer, layering, compacting and leveling to form a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 0.2-1.0 m and is as high as the ground before excavation; and planting plants in the planting layer to complete the construction of the local soil improvement module.
10. The construction method of the coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system according to claim 9, characterized in that: the planting soil in the step S2 is cured ploughing soil;
the pH value of the cured ploughed soil is 5.6-8.0;
the total salt content of the soil is 0.1-0.3%;
the volume weight of the soil is 1.0g/cm3～1.35g/cm3；
The organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the block diameter of the soil is less than or equal to 5 cm.
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