CN108957522B - A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation - Google Patents
A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation, belongs to field of seismic exploration.This method is based on Kirchhoff migiation principle, and first by submarine seismograph data by seabed continuation to sea, then again by sea continuation to seabed, final prediction obtains the ocean-bottom multiple in submarine seismograph data.Experimental model the results show that this method can accurately predict the ocean-bottom multiple in submarine seismograph data, facilitate subsequent multiple wave rejecting processing.
Description
Technical field
It is that a kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave based on Kirchhoff migiation is pre- the invention belongs to field of seismic exploration
Survey method.
Background technique
Submarine seismograph technology (Ocean Bottom Seismometer, OBS) is that one kind that developed recently gets up is novel
Submarine seismic observation technology, it to submarine structural, submarine oil resources and Gas hydrate and free gas etc. side
The exploration in face has extensive use.OBS and traditional offshore exploration technology (such as marine streamer, submarine cable seismological observation system
System) it compares, since wave detector is placed directly in seabed by it, the interference of the factors such as water body generation is avoided, is improved
To the exploration ability of ocean deepwater zone.But in OBS data other than the useful signals such as primary wave, also contain various dry
Signal is disturbed, wherein influencing most serious, the maximum difficulty that decays is ocean-bottom multiple.
The prediction technique of the multiple wave of conventional streamers seismic data is broadly divided into following three classes: (1) being based on multiple wave period
Property drawing method, such as predictive deconvolution in each domain, predictive deconvolution technology has high-efficient etc. advantage, but due to more
The characteristic of subwave complexity itself makes predictive deconvolution technology, and there are apparent limitations: being difficult to give accurate prediction step, neglect
The prediction of the characteristics of changing between road depending on multiple wave and significant wave and rule and long-period multiple and attenuating are paid no attention to
Think；(2) drawing method based on apparent velocity difference, such as F-K filtering, Radon transform, the basic principle is that passing through mathematic(al) manipulation
Multiple wave and primary wave are separated to different regions, then zeroized to multiple wave region, so that it is more to reach compacting
The purpose of subwave, effective realization of this process need to satisfy two conditions:: transformation must be such that primary wave and multiple wave separates extremely
Different zones and overlapping region are minimum and transformation must be reversible, so that primary wave after multiple wave zeroizes can be undistorted
Ground contravariant gains original time-space domain, but the two conditions tend not to be satisfied simultaneously, are unable to reach ideal effect；
(3) based on the drawing method of wave theory, multiple wave is simulated based on wave equation, multiple wave is predicted with this, so
The multiple wave predicted and original seismic data are subjected to matching attenuation afterwards, to achieve the purpose that multiple suppression.
The features such as low with data degree of covering relatively far apart due to OBS there are geophone stations sparse, website, conventional multiple wave
Prediction technique hardly results in ideal effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that it is more to provide a kind of submarine seismograph data based on Kirchhoff migiation
Subwave prediction technique, to predict multiple wave in OBS data.For OBS data, this method is based on Kirchhoff migiation principle, first
First by OBS data by seabed continuation to sea, then again by sea continuation to seabed, final prediction obtains the sea in OBS data
Bottom multiple wave.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation, submarine seismograph abbreviation OBS,
It is characterized in that the method specifically includes the following steps:
1. tectonic geology model obtains the OBS earthquake record containing multiple wave by forward simulation, or is adopted by field
Collection, obtains field OBS earthquake record；
2. being now equipped with N number of OBS data positioned at seabedOBS point OiIt indicates, abscissa is
Ordinate isI=1,2 ... ..., N, N are the natural number more than or equal to 1,It indicates to be located at OiPoint t moment
OBS data value；Given M are located at the datum mark P on seaj, abscissa isOrdinate isJ=1,2 ... ..., M, M are
Natural number more than or equal to 1；N number of OBS Data extension is obtained into P to the position of M, sea datum mark according to formula (1)jWhen point t
The bench mark data at quarterOBS data are realized by the wave field extrapolation in seabed to sea；
In formula (1), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,
It is i-th of OBS point OiTo j-th of datum mark PjDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c be seismic wave in water
Spread speed,It indicates to be located at OiPointThe OBS data value at moment,It can be by limited
Difference obtains, such as formula (2),
In formula (2), t is sampling time interval；
3. the M bench mark data that will be obtainedContinuation is counted to seabed original OBS point position using formula (3)
Calculation obtains the wave field extrapolation data of N number of t moment positioned at original OBS pointThe data are the OBS of prediction more times
Wave number evidence；
In formula (3), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,
It is j-th of datum mark PjTo i-th of OBS point OiDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c be seismic wave in water
Spread speed,It indicates to be located at PjPointThe bench mark data value at moment.
The present invention compared with prior art the utility model has the advantages that
A kind of OBS data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation proposed by the present invention is based on Ke Xihuo
Husband's integral principle, first by OBS data by seabed continuation to sea, then again by sea continuation to seabed, final prediction is obtained
Ocean-bottom multiple in OBS data.Compared to traditional Multiple Attenuation Techniques Based, the present invention is suitable for the field OBS, can essence
The really ocean-bottom multiple in prediction OBS data facilitates subsequent multiple wave rejecting processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 common detector gather records example；
Fig. 2 common detector gather multiple wave predicts example；
The original seismic data that Fig. 3 is recorded based on CMP；
The prediction multiple wave record that Fig. 4 is recorded based on CMP；
Fig. 5 suppresses result based on the multiple wave that CMP is recorded.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained below by embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention not by
The limitation of embodiment in any form.
OBS data multiple wave prediction technique proposed by the present invention based on Kirchhoff migiation, specific implementation process master
It wants are as follows: first by OBS data by seabed continuation to sea, then again by sea continuation to seabed, final prediction obtains OBS data
In ocean-bottom multiple
A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation, it is characterised in that its specific packet
Include following steps:
1. given geological model, obtains the OBS earthquake record containing multiple wave by forward simulation, or adopt by field
Collection, obtains field OBS earthquake record；
2. being now equipped with N number of OBS data positioned at seabedOBS point OiIt indicates, abscissa is
Ordinate isI=1,2 ... ..., N, N are the natural number more than or equal to 1,It indicates to be located at OiPoint t moment
OBS data value；Given M are located at the datum mark P on seaj, abscissa isOrdinate isJ=1,2 ... ..., M, M are
Natural number more than or equal to 1；N number of OBS Data extension is obtained into P to the position of M, sea datum mark according to formula (1)jWhen point t
The bench mark data at quarterOBS data are realized by the wave field extrapolation in seabed to sea；
In formula (1), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,
It is i-th of OBS point OiTo j-th of datum mark PjDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c be seismic wave in water
Spread speed, generally take 1500m/s,It indicates to be located at OiPointThe OBS data value at moment,It can be obtained by finite difference, such as formula (2),
In formula (2), t is sampling time interval；
3. the M bench mark data that will be obtainedContinuation is counted to seabed original OBS point position using formula (3)
Calculation obtains the wave field extrapolation data of N number of t moment positioned at original OBS pointThe data are the OBS of prediction more times
Wave number evidence；
In formula (3), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,
It is j-th of datum mark PjTo i-th of OBS point OiDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c be seismic wave in water
Spread speed, generally take 1500m/s,It indicates to be located at PjPointThe benchmark at moment is counted
According to value.
Above-described embodiment carries out multiple wave prediction based on the OBS earthquake record of one 5 layers of horizontal layer modeling
To verify effectiveness of the invention.Rate pattern first layer is sea water layer, and there are stronger in the earthquake record to make simulation
Ocean-bottom multiple enables sea water layer and underlying strata have significant speed difference.10m is divided between OBS website；Shot point is located at sea,
By successively blowing out from left to right, common mode intends 201 big guns, and big gun spacing is 10m；The sampling interval of record and record length be respectively 1ms and
2000ms；Source wavelet is zero phase Ricker wavelet.Include strong multiple wave using the simulation of finite-difference forward modeling method
Original common detector gather records (such as Fig. 1), then carries out multiple wave prediction to it.
It will be apparent from specific implementation process of the invention below and illustrate effectiveness of the invention in conjunction with attached drawing:
It inputs original common detector gather record shown in FIG. 1 and carries out multiple wave prediction, i.e., record common detector gather
Upward continuation is carried out to sea all the points, then seabed is gone back in continuation still further below, to realize wave field roundtrip propagation in water layer
Process, gained multiple wave record is as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 1 and 2 is compared it is found that the time base that its main multiple wave lineups occurs
This consistent (arrow pointed location), it was demonstrated that the validity of multiple wave prediction process of the present invention.
In order to protrude multiple wave prediction effect of the invention, by original common detector gather record and multiple wave prediction record
Pumping trace gather is carried out, CMP trace gather record is obtained, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively illustrate original seismic data and prediction record in the domain CMP,
The two is subjected to the processing of multiple wave matching attenuation.The multiple wave component of prediction is subtracted from original CMP trace gather record, result is such as
Shown in Fig. 5.After comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 5 by multiple wave it can be found that reject, ocean-bottom multiple is effectively neutralized (such as figure arrow
It is signified), significant wave signal (direct wave and three layers of back wave, with Digital Calibration in figure) can be identified significantly,
Again demonstrate the correctness of multiple wave prediction of the present invention.Multiple wave prediction is carried out to seismic data in the application present invention and is rejected
Afterwards, it is formed by geologic section, since the false construction that multiple wave is formed can be eliminated, and effectively constructs, can be protected
It stays, the interference to geology interpretive analysis is imaged so as to avoid multiple wave falseness.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation, submarine seismograph abbreviation OBS,
Be characterized in that the method specifically includes the following steps:
1. tectonic geology model obtains the OBS earthquake record containing multiple wave by forward simulation, or passes through field acquisition,
Obtain field OBS earthquake record；
2. being now equipped with N number of OBS data positioned at seabedOBS point OiIt indicates, abscissa isIt is vertical to sit
It is designated asN is the natural number more than or equal to 1,It indicates to be located at OiPoint t moment
OBS data value；Given M are located at the datum mark P on seaj, abscissa isOrdinate isM is the natural number more than or equal to 1；According to formula (1) by N number of OBS Data extension to sea M
The position of datum mark, obtains PjThe bench mark data of point t momentOBS data are realized by seabed to sea
Wave field extrapolation；
In formula (1), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,It is i-th
A OBS point OiTo j-th of datum mark PjDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c is the propagation of seismic wave in water
Speed,It indicates to be located at OiPointThe OBS data value at moment,It can be obtained by finite difference
It arrives, such as formula (2),
In formula (2), Δ t is time sampling interval；
3. the M bench mark data that will be obtainedContinuation is calculated to seabed original OBS point position using formula (3)
To the wave field extrapolation data of N number of t moment positioned at original OBS pointThe data are more wave numbers of the OBS of prediction
According to；
In formula (3), x, z are space coordinate, are horizontally to the right x positive direction, are vertically downward z positive direction, and t is the time,It is jth
A datum mark PjTo i-th of OBS point OiDistance, θijForWith the angle of z-axis negative direction, c is the propagation of seismic wave in water
Speed,It indicates to be located at PjPointThe bench mark data value at moment.
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