CN112250482B

CN112250482B - Green garbage composting integrated device and composting process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112250482B
Application number: CN202011125483.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂芳; 文钰; 邢汉君; 冉启洋; 刘智勇; 何浪平; 方雅瑜; 胡逸萱; 戴雷; 罗志诚
Original assignee: Hunan Hengkai Environmental Protection Investment Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Hengkai Environmental Protection Investment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-20
Filing date: 2020-10-20
Publication date: 2022-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-20
Also published as: CN112250482A

Abstract

The invention discloses a green garbage composting integrated device and a composting process thereof, wherein the green garbage composting integrated device comprises a feeding chamber, a crushing chamber and a fermentation chamber which are arranged in the same machine body in a centralized manner; the feeding chamber is butted with a feeding door arranged on a top cover of the machine body and used for feeding garbage, the feeding chamber is provided with a heating part and used for heating and inactivating the garbage, and the feeding chamber is provided with a layered overflow structure and a movable extrusion plate for lifting the material level and used for removing oil and reducing water of the garbage; the crushing chamber is communicated with the feeding chamber through a discharging door of the feeding chamber, and a crushing blade is arranged inside the crushing chamber and used for crushing garbage; the fermentation chamber passes through crushing room discharge valve intercommunication with the crushing room, and the fermentation chamber is inside to be equipped with rabbling mechanism to be equipped with the draught fan that lets in the air for rubbish aerobic fermentation, the fermentation chamber is equipped with the heater block, is used for improving fermentation temperature and rubbish mummification, and the discharge door butt joint that fermentation chamber bottom and bottom of the body set up is used for the fertilizer ejection of compact that the compost was accomplished. The invention can be used for composting and utilizing green garbage generated by single family.

Description

Green garbage composting integrated device and composting process thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to an intelligent garbage treatment technology for ecological buildings, and particularly relates to a green garbage composting integrated device and a composting process thereof.

Background

According to statistics, the daily production amount of garbage per capita in life is 1.13 kg, and thousands of tons of household garbage can be produced in a small and medium-sized city every day, most of the household garbage is reusable green garbage, wherein the kitchen garbage accounts for 56%, is easy to decay and deteriorate, and can pollute the environment and waste resources if not properly treated. In addition, with the continuous development of novel buildings, more and more urban houses are purchased and equipped with ecological courtyards, and the litter generated by the courtyards, such as the residues generated by natural withering or artificial trimming of courtyard plants, including leaves, grass clippings, branches, residual flowers, fruits and the like, is increased, and if the litter is not treated, the litter is easy to decay, deteriorate and smell, so that the living environment and the body health of residents are influenced. The household kitchen garbage, the yard litter and other plant garbage contain a certain amount of beneficial nutrient elements, a large amount of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and some organic substances, and compared with sludge and river sediment generated by urban sewage treatment, the household kitchen garbage and the yard litter have the advantages of less raw material pollution and no toxic substances such as heavy metals. Therefore, how to reasonably treat and utilize the domestic wastes as resources is becoming one of the important indexes for improving the residential environment of the city.

At present, the common treatment modes at home and abroad mainly include incineration, landfill and compost, wherein the compost treatment becomes an important way for economically and effectively treating and consuming the domestic garbage by virtue of the advantages of low comprehensive cost, high harmless degree, obvious reduction effect, resource utilization and the like. For urban residents and families, the composting method can not only directly reduce the problem of kitchen garbage and yard litter accumulation, but also utilize the household garbage as resources, decompose perishable organic matters in organic wastes into organic fertilizers rich in organic matters and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and is used for residents to prepare organic fertilizers required by growth of ecological yard plants.

Most of the existing garbage compost treatment modes are centralized collection and centralized treatment through large-scale composting equipment, special personnel are needed for classification, transportation and centralized treatment, the cost is high, and the application range is small. Therefore, a household green garbage compost machine needs to be designed and manufactured, so that the environment can be protected, and household kitchen garbage and ecological courtyard litter are reduced to be treated as conventional solid wastes. The household kitchen waste device on the market has the advantages of poor waste crushing effect, poor fluidity of fungus materials, low fermentation treatment efficiency, odor generated in the fermentation composting process, long composting time, high power consumption, difficulty in equipment cleaning, low automation degree, complex operation and difficulty in household use, and cannot realize the composting treatment problem of green waste in an ecological courtyard.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem that the existing garbage composting technology cannot adapt to the household use of ecological intelligent buildings, a green garbage composting integrated device and a composting process thereof are provided.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the green garbage compost integrated device comprises a feeding chamber 2, a crushing chamber 3 and a fermentation chamber 4 which are intensively arranged in the same machine body;

the feeding chamber 2 is in butt joint with a feeding door 14 arranged on a top cover of the machine body and used for feeding garbage, the feeding chamber 2 is provided with a heating part used for heating and inactivating the garbage and extracting oil content, and the feeding chamber 2 is provided with a layered overflow structure and a movable extrusion plate 24 used for lifting material level and used for removing oil and reducing water of the garbage;

the crushing chamber 3 is communicated with the feeding chamber 2 through a feeding chamber discharge door 27, and a crushing blade 32 is arranged inside the crushing chamber 3 and used for crushing garbage;

fermentation chamber 4 communicates through crushing chamber discharge valve 34 with crushing chamber 3, the inside rabbling mechanism that is equipped with of fermentation chamber 4 to be equipped with the draught fan 6 that lets in the air for rubbish aerobic fermentation, fermentation chamber 4 is equipped with the heater block for improve fermentation temperature and rubbish mummification, 4 bottoms in fermentation chamber set up fermentation chamber discharge door 44, fermentation chamber discharge door 44 docks with the discharge door 15 that the bottom half set up, is used for the fertilizer ejection of compact that the compost was accomplished.

In the green garbage composting integrated device in the scheme, furthermore, the interior of the feeding chamber 2 is divided into an overflow area, a loading area and a buffer area in the transverse direction, the loading area and the overflow area are separated by the shunting overflow structure, and the loading area and the buffer area are separated by the extrusion plate.

In the green garbage compost integrated device in the above scheme, further, the layered overflow structure includes the overflow plate 22 and the oil separation plate 210, an oil overflow channel between the loading area and the overflow area is formed at the top of the overflow plate 22, the oil separation plate 210 is fixed at one side of the overflow plate 22 close to the overflow area and forms a drainage space separated from the oil overflow channel with the overflow plate 22, an overflow water hole 211 is formed in a projection area of the overflow plate 22 below the oil overflow channel corresponding to the drainage space, a sieve plate with 80-100 meshes is arranged at the middle lower part of the overflow plate, and water can be filtered and enters the drainage hole 29. The bottom of the overflow area on both sides of the oil baffle 210 is respectively provided with an oil discharge hole 28 and a water discharge hole 29 for discharging the floating oil and the redundant water.

In the green garbage composting integrated device in the above scheme, further, the extrusion plate 24 is slidably assembled on one side of the loading area of the feeding chamber 2, which is close to the buffer area, and an oil removal push rod 23 for pushing the extrusion plate 24 to move horizontally in the loading area is arranged on the outer side of the loading area.

In the green garbage composting integrated device in the above scheme, further, the feeding chamber discharge door 27 is arranged at the bottom of the loading area of the feeding chamber 2, and a discharge push rod 25 for driving the feeding chamber discharge door 27 to open and close is arranged at the bottom of the feeding chamber 2.

Green rubbish compost integrated device in the above-mentioned scheme, it is further, rabbling mechanism in the fermentation chamber 4 is stirring rake 42, stirring rake 42 includes (mixing) shaft 421, fixes a plurality of puddlers 423 on (mixing) shaft 421 and fixes the stirring vane 424 at puddler 423 tip, (mixing) shaft 421 and puddler 423 are equipped with the hollow chamber way of inside intercommunication, the chamber way one end of (mixing) shaft 421 is passed through rotary joint 422 and draught fan 6 intercommunication, be equipped with the gas pocket of saying the intercommunication with the chamber of puddler 423 on stirring vane 424, when stirring rubbish thick liquids, ventilate rubbish thick liquids inside, improve the inside oxygen circulation of rubbish, improve aerobic fermentation efficiency.

Green rubbish compost integrated device in the above-mentioned scheme, it is further, heat preservation 12 has been laid to the organism shell 11 inner wall of organism, keeps warm to the compost process of organism inside, prevents simultaneously that the temperature from transmitting the organism surface, leads to organism surface temperature too high.

In the green garbage compost integration device, the space corresponding to the feeding chamber 2, the crushing chamber 3 and the fermentation chamber 4 is vertically arranged in the machine body from top to bottom, the feeding chamber 2 and the crushing chamber 3 are supported at the upper part and the middle part of the machine body through the mounting seat 13, the fermentation chamber 4 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the machine body, the garbage is sequentially fed among the feeding chamber, the crushing chamber and the fermentation chamber by utilizing gravity, and an independent feeding mechanism is not required to be additionally arranged.

Green rubbish compost integrated device in the above-mentioned scheme, it is further, the organism still is equipped with inside foul smell exhaust deodorization exhaust fan 7, deodorization exhaust fan 7 passes through the soil horizon of pipe connection to ecological courtyard, realizes the deodorization through the microorganism in the soil horizon and exhausts.

Green rubbish compost integrated device in the above-mentioned scheme, it is further, the inside top that corresponds feed space 2, crushing room 3 and fermentation chamber 4 of organism is equipped with the spray thrower respectively, washs feed space, crushing room and fermentation chamber through the spray thrower to can also utilize the spray thrower to add water operation.

The invention also discloses a green garbage composting process, which adopts the green garbage composting integrated device to carry out composting and comprises the following steps:

feeding, namely feeding the green garbage into a feeding chamber 2 through a feeding hole in a machine body;

secondly, inactivating and extracting oil, namely heating the green garbage in the feeding chamber 2 to kill the infectious microbes in the green garbage and extracting the oil in the garbage;

thirdly, removing oil, namely supplementing water according to the water content of the green garbage, lifting the garbage liquid level in the feeding chamber through a movable extrusion plate 24, and overflowing and discharging floating oil floating on the water surface;

fourthly, reducing water, continuously lifting the liquid level of the garbage in the feeding chamber 2 through the movable extrusion plate 24, and overflowing and discharging redundant water;

fifthly, crushing, namely conveying the green garbage in the feeding chamber 2 into a crushing chamber 3, and stirring and crushing the garbage;

step six, fermentation, namely feeding the crushed garbage slurry into a fermentation chamber 4, injecting fermentation strains into the fermentation chamber 4, keeping the temperature of the interior of the fermentation chamber constant and ventilating, and stirring the garbage slurry through a stirring mechanism to perform aerobic fermentation;

and seventhly, drying, namely heating and drying the fermented garbage slurry in the fermentation chamber 4 to obtain the solid fertilizer.

The green garbage composting process in the scheme further comprises the step of spraying and cleaning the interiors of the feeding chamber 2, the crushing chamber 3 and the fermentation chamber 4 through a sprayer after all composting steps are finished.

The green garbage composting integrated device overcomes the defects in the prior art, all process steps in the composting process are integrated in the same machine body to be realized, the green garbage composting integrated device can be directly used for composting and utilizing green garbage generated by single family, the cost for collecting and transporting the green garbage is reduced, the occupied area is small, the treatment function is strong, the application range is wide, the green garbage composting integrated device is particularly suitable for treating green garbage such as plant litter and the like generated by intelligent buildings with ecological courtyards or kitchen garbage, the resource recycling is realized by combining green planting of the ecological courtyards, the household kitchen garbage and the ecological courtyard litter are recycled by the composting scheme of the invention to prepare the organic fertilizer rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the fertilizer supply time is longer, the soil fertility can be improved, the soil microbial activity and the plant growth are improved, and the maintenance and management of the ecological courtyards are facilitated to be enhanced; can also promote the material and energy circulation of the urban green space ecosystem; the composting process is high in automation degree, has automatic feeding and automatic cleaning functions, is convenient to use, and can automatically guide the prepared fertilizer into an intelligent water and fertilizer drip irrigation system equipped for the ecological courtyard; the odor emission in the composting process is solved by combining with the planting soil of the ecological courtyard; the green energy power generation system of the ecological courtyard is adopted to supply energy to the whole composting system, and the energy consumption can be further reduced.

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an integrated green waste composting apparatus according to an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding chamber in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a crushing chamber in the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a fermentation chamber in the example.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a stirring blade in the fermentation chamber in the example.

FIG. 6 is a process route diagram of the green waste composting integrated apparatus of the embodiment.

Reference numbers in the figures:

11-a machine body shell, 12-a heat insulation layer, 13-a mounting seat, 14-a feeding door and 15-a discharging door;

2-a feeding chamber, 21-a feeding chamber shell, 22-an overflow plate, 23-an oil removal push rod, 24-an extrusion plate, 25-a discharge push rod, 26-an electric heating plate, 27-a feeding chamber discharge door, 28-an oil discharge hole, 29-a drain hole, 210-an oil separation plate and 211-an overflow water hole;

3-crushing chamber, 31-crushing chamber shell, 32-crushing blade, 33-crushing motor, 34-crushing chamber discharge valve, 35-supporting leg;

4-fermentation chamber, 41-fermentation chamber shell, 42-stirring paddle, 421-stirring shaft, 422-rotary joint, 423-stirring rod, 424-stirring blade, 43-base and 44-fermentation chamber discharge door;

51-a first sprayer, 52-a second sprayer, 53-a third sprayer,

6-a draught fan, wherein the draught fan is connected with a fan,

7-deodorizing exhaust fan.

Detailed Description

Examples

Referring to fig. 1, the green garbage composting integrated device shown in the figure is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and specifically includes a body, and a feeding chamber 2, a crushing chamber 3, a fermentation chamber 4, a first sprayer 51, a second sprayer 52, a third sprayer 53, an induced draft fan 6 and a deodorizing exhaust fan 7 which are arranged inside the body, wherein the body is a vertical cabinet structure, and includes a body shell 11 and a heat insulating layer 12 laid on the inner wall of the body shell, a feeding door 14 is arranged at the top of the body shell 11, and a discharging door 15 is arranged at the bottom of the body shell 11.

Whole organism is vertical structure, its inside sets up three feeding chamber 2 that corresponds respectively along vertical direction, the space of crushing chamber 3 and fermentation chamber 4, feeding chamber 2 is located the upper portion, crushing chamber 3 is located the middle part, fermentation chamber 4 is located the bottom, feeding chamber 2 and crushing chamber 3 support at organism upper portion and middle part through fixing the mount pad 13 inside the organism respectively, fermentation chamber 4 fixed mounting is in bottom of the body, wherein, feeding chamber 2 and the direct butt joint of the feed gate 14 that sets up on the organism top cap, green rubbish directly gets into feeding chamber 2 under the effect of gravity after throwing into from the feed gate 14 of opening, between feeding chamber 2 and the crushing chamber 3, realize the butt joint intercommunication through the valve that can open between crushing chamber 3 and the fermentation chamber 4, utilize gravity to realize rubbish at the feeding chamber, the order pay-off between crushing chamber and the fermentation chamber, the bottom of fermentation chamber 4 sets up fermentation chamber discharge door 44, fermentation chamber discharge door 44 docks with the discharge door 15 that the organism bottom sets up, fertilizer after the compost is accomplished realizes the ejection of compact through opening discharge door 15, need not set up solitary feeding mechanism in addition.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2 in combination, the feeding chamber 2 includes a feeding chamber housing 21, an overflow plate 22, a deoiling push rod 23, a squeezing plate 24, a discharging push rod 25, an electric heating plate 26, a feeding chamber discharging door 27, an oil discharging hole 28, a water discharging hole 29, an oil separating plate 210, and an overflow water hole 211. Wherein feed chamber casing 21 is open-top's container, and the bottom is fixed inside the organism through mount pad 13, and the feeding gate 14 butt joint that sets up on the organism top cap accepts the green rubbish that drops into, and feed chamber 2 sets up electric plate 26 and carries out the heater block that adds the inactivation as the rubbish that drops into, is equipped with layering overflow structure and portable stripper plate 24 in the feed chamber 2, promotes the inside rubbish material level of feed chamber through removing stripper plate 24, then discharges the oil slick and the unnecessary moisture on upper strata respectively, realizes deoiling and the water reduction of rubbish.

Specifically, 2 inside overflow district I, loading area II and the buffers III of divideing into in the transverse direction of feed chamber, wherein loading area II is the space of directly accepting rubbish, and the electric plate 26 covers this region and sets up, and overflow district I is used for the overflow of oil slick and unnecessary water to collect, and buffers III is the removal space of stripper plate 24, and reposition of redundant personnel overflow structure separates loading area II and overflow district I, and stripper plate 24 separates loading area II and buffers III.

The layered overflow structure comprises an overflow plate 22 and an oil separation plate 210, wherein the overflow plate 22 is fixed inside a feed chamber shell 21, an overflow area I and a charging area II are formed on two sides of the overflow plate 22, the top of the overflow plate 22 is lower than the height of the feed chamber shell 21, an oil overflow channel between the charging area II and the overflow area I is formed on the top of the overflow plate 22, the oil separation plate 210 is fixed on one side of the overflow plate 22 close to the overflow area I in parallel, the top of the oil separation plate is sealed with the overflow plate 22, a drainage space separated from the oil overflow channel is formed with the overflow plate 22, oil overflowing from the top of the overflow plate 22 cannot enter the drainage space, an overflow hole 211 is formed in the projection area of the overflow plate 22 below the oil overflow channel corresponding to the drainage space, the overflow water hole 211 is preferably arranged at the highest position of the drainage space, the loading area II and the drainage space are arranged in the overflow water hole 211, the oil discharge hole 28 and the drainage hole 29 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the overflow areas at the two sides of the oil separating plate 210, the garbage level in the loading area II is improved by moving the extrusion plate 24, most of floating oil can overflow through the top oil overflow channel of the overflow plate 22 and then is discharged through the oil discharge hole 28, and the oil stain centralized treatment system is collected to a community.

Stripper plate 24 sliding assembly is close to buffer III one side in the charge space II of feed chamber 2, form one of them movable side of charge space II, and sliding assembly department between stripper plate 24 and feed chamber casing 21 sets up sealedly, avoid the rubbish liquid seepage, be provided with the push rod 23 that deoils that promotes stripper plate 24 at the inside translation of charge space II in the outside of charge space II, deoiling push rod 23 adopts two pairs of electric putter of connection at 24 both ends of stripper plate, push rod one end fixed mounting, the other end is articulated with stripper plate 24, flexible drive stripper plate 24 through electric putter is at the inside translation of charge space II, it goes up and down to drive the inside rubbish material level of charge space II.

The bottom of the feeding chamber shell 21 corresponding to the charging area II is provided with an openable feeding chamber discharge door 27, the bottom of the feeding chamber shell 21 corresponding to the charging area II is provided with an opening, the feeding chamber discharge door 27 is assembled at the bottom of the feeding chamber shell 21 in a sliding manner and seals the opening, a sliding assembly position between the feeding chamber discharge door 27 and the feeding chamber shell 21 is provided with a seal, the leakage of waste liquid is prevented, a discharging push rod 25 for driving the feeding chamber discharge door 27 to open and close the opening is arranged below the feeding chamber shell 21, the discharging push rod 25 adopts an electric push rod, one end of the push rod is fixedly installed, the other end of the push rod is hinged to the feeding chamber discharge door 27, and the telescopic driving feeding chamber discharge door 27 through the electric push rod is opened in a sliding manner and closed in a sliding manner.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 in combination, crushing room 3 is located feed chamber 2 below, including crushing room casing 31, crushing blade 32, crushing motor 33, crushing room discharge valve 34 and landing leg 35, crushing room casing 31 open-top, open-top directly docks with the discharge opening that feed chamber discharge door 27 of feed chamber 2 was opened, inside green rubbish of feed chamber 2 directly fell into crushing room casing 31 through gravity, the bottom of crushing room casing 31 sets up crushing blade 32, crushing blade 32 is driven by fixed encapsulation at the crushing motor 33 of crushing room casing 31 bottom, carry out the whipping breakage to the inside green rubbish of crushing room casing 31. The bottom of crushing chamber casing 31 adopts the funnel cone end, and the higher department in the outside of crushing chamber casing 31 bottom is used for installing the mount pad 13 of crushing chamber through landing leg 35 fixed stay in the organism on, and the bottom minimum at crushing chamber casing 31 is installed to crushing chamber discharge valve 34, and crushing chamber discharge valve 34 adopts electric valve, and 3 inside by broken rubbish thick liquids of crushing chamber can be completely discharged through crushing chamber discharge valve 34 like this.

With reference to fig. 1 and 4, the fermentation chamber 4 is located the below of crushing chamber 3, including fermentation chamber casing 41, stirring rake 42 and base 43, wherein fermentation chamber casing 41 open-top, open-top and the direct butt joint of crushing chamber discharge valve 34 of crushing chamber 3, rubbish thick liquids after the breakage directly fall into inside the 4 casings of fermentation chamber through gravity, the inside rabbling mechanism that includes the stirring rake that is equipped with of fermentation chamber casing 41, and let in the air through the inside draught fan 6 that sets up of organism, be used for rubbish aerobic fermentation, the inside heater block that still is equipped with of fermentation chamber 4, when being used for the required constant temperature condition of fermentation, carry out the mummification to the thick liquids that the fermentation was accomplished. The bottom of the fermentation chamber shell 41 is provided with a fermentation chamber discharge door 44, the fermentation chamber discharge door 44 keeps a closed state in the fermentation process of the fermentation chamber, after the fermentation is finished and the drying is completed, the fermentation chamber discharge door 44 is opened and is in butt joint with a discharge door 15 arranged at the bottom of the machine body, and the fertilizer is stirred by a stirring paddle 43 in the fermentation chamber 4 and used for discharging the dried compost.

In this embodiment, the stirring mechanism in the fermentation chamber 4 adopts the stirring paddle 42 shown in fig. 4 and 5, the stirring paddle 42 includes a stirring shaft 421, a plurality of stirring rods 423 fixed on the stirring shaft 421, and a stirring blade 424 fixed at the end of the stirring rods 423, the stirring shaft 421 and the stirring rods 423 are respectively of a hollow structure, one end of a hollow channel of the stirring shaft 421 is closed, the other end of the hollow channel is communicated with an induced draft fan 6 arranged on the body through a rotary joint 422 and a pipeline, all the hollow channels inside the stirring rods 423 are communicated with the hollow channel of the stirring shaft 421, the stirring blade 424 is provided with an air hole communicated with the end of the channel of the stirring rods 423, the stirring paddle 42 stirs and turns over the garbage slurry, and when stirring the garbage slurry, the interior of the garbage slurry is ventilated through the induced draft fan 6, compared with a mode of directly ventilating the interior of the fermentation chamber through the induced draft fan, the stirring and ventilating of the stirring paddle 42 can improve the oxygen circulation inside of the aerobic garbage, and improve the fermentation efficiency.

In practical application, one or two groups of stirring paddles are arranged in the fermentation chamber shell 41 according to the amount of garbage to be treated, so that the stirring efficiency is improved, and the base 43 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 is arranged to be an arc base corresponding to the stirring circumference of the stirring paddles 42.

To the foul smell that produces in the inside compost fermentation process of organism, the organism still is equipped with the deodorization exhaust fan 7 with inside foul smell exhaust in the bottom side, is the fermentation process to the main zone that produces the foul smell, and deodorization exhaust fan 7 is close to the fermentation chamber setting, and the soil horizon of pipe connection to ecological courtyard is passed through to the outside air outlet of deodorization exhaust fan 7, realizes the deodorization through the microorganism in the soil horizon and exhausts.

Because the inside rubbish that can heat of organism of device, heat preservation 12 has been laid to organism shell 11 inner wall, keeps warm to the compost process of organism inside, prevents simultaneously that the temperature from transmitting the organism surface, leads to organism surface temperature too high. The machine body shell 11 is made of stainless steel plates, a feeding chamber 2, a crushing chamber 3 and a fermentation chamber 4 are sealed inside, a feeding door and a discharging door for feeding and discharging are only arranged, and air inlet and exhaust ventilation openings are arranged and a filter screen is arranged. The heat-insulating layer is tightly attached to the inner wall of the machine body shell, is made of flexible heat-insulating materials which are easy to form, and is 10-20 mm thick.

In addition, referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, a first sprayer 51 is disposed inside the machine body above the feeding chamber 2, a second sprayer 52 is disposed above the crushing chamber 3, and a third sprayer 53 is disposed above the fermentation chamber 4, so that the feeding chamber 2, the crushing chamber 3, and the fermentation chamber 4 can be cleaned by the sprayers, and the sprayers can be used to perform water adding operation on the required process steps. The three groups of sprayers are respectively connected with a water source through branch pipes and a main pipe, an electric adjusting ball valve is arranged in the middle of the sprayers, and the three branch pipes are respectively connected with nozzles of the sprayers. The liquid spraying shape of the nozzle is a large-angle hollow cone shape and corresponds to the feeding chamber, the crushing chamber and the fermentation chamber respectively. After each round of fermentation is finished, the electric ball valve on the main pipe is opened through the control system, and the nozzle washing liquid is sprayed out to wash and clean the side wall of the container respectively. And the water flow pressure of the nozzle can be controlled by adjusting the opening of the electric ball valve, so that the spraying angle is controlled, and the cleaning part is changed.

Inside including deoiling push rod, electric plate, the push rod of unloading, broken motor, crushing room discharge valve, (mixing) shaft, draught fan, deodorization exhaust fan, automatically controlled such as spray thrower through small-size industry touch-sensitive screen all-in-one and PLC controller and control cable, realizes the automation of putting through the compost process, can carry out the automatic compost operation of green rubbish to operation washing machine during the family uses equally. The control of the electronic control automation can be realized by the existing mature programming control technology, and the details are not repeated herein.

The green garbage composting process of this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 6.

The composting process of the green garbage composting integrated device in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, feeding, namely putting green garbage into a feeding chamber 2 through a feeding hole on a machine body;

and secondly, inactivating and extracting oil, namely heating the green garbage in the feeding chamber 2 to kill the infectious microbes carried by the green garbage and extracting the grease in the garbage.

In the feeding chamber 2, the garbage is firstly inactivated for about 10 minutes and synchronously extracted with oil. The inactivation and oil extraction processes are as follows: the temperature of the device is raised to 120 ℃ by adopting the temperature raising function of the device. The operation has two main functions, namely, the fungi carried by the materials are killed, so that the mixed fungi are prevented from influencing the fermentation process. Secondly, the oil in the kitchen garbage is extracted by heating, and experiments prove that the grease in the kitchen garbage can inhibit the growth of fermentation microorganisms. Fat can generate Maillard reaction at high temperature, and when the temperature is controlled to be 120-130 ℃, grease in garbage can be fully extracted.

And thirdly, removing oil, supplementing water according to the water content of the green garbage, lifting the garbage liquid level in the feeding chamber through the movable extrusion plate 24, and discharging the floating oil floating on the water surface in an overflowing manner.

The kitchen waste is provided with certain grease, and a part of oil is generated by extraction. In order to avoid the influence of high-content grease on the fermentation process, oil removal treatment is needed. The oil removing process comprises the following steps: the water quantity of the garbage is poured into the garbage pool, the oil floats on the water surface, the liquid level is further raised through extrusion, and the floating oil overflows and enters a district oil stain centralized treatment system.

And fourthly, reducing water, continuously lifting the liquid level of the garbage in the feeding chamber 2 through the movable extrusion plate 24, and overflowing and discharging the excessive water.

The water content of the kitchen waste is generally between 75% and 95%, and the optimal water content of the fermented compost is generally about 50% to 60%. When the water content is too low and is less than 30 percent, the life activity of microorganisms is influenced, and when the water content is too high, the composting speed is reduced, so that anaerobic bacteria are decomposed, odor is generated, and nutrient substances are leached out. Since a certain amount of water is introduced in the previous oil removal treatment and the kitchen waste contains abundant water, the water reduction treatment is required. The water reducing process is as follows: the kitchen garbage is extruded, the liquid level rises, meanwhile, the water outlet valve is opened, and the redundant water overflows into a reclaimed water treatment pipeline and finally enters a reclaimed water treatment system of a community.

And fifthly, crushing, namely conveying the green garbage in the feeding chamber 2 into a crushing chamber 3, and stirring and crushing the garbage.

Microorganisms move on the surface of the organic particles, so that the size of the particles is reduced, the surface area is increased, the movement of the microorganisms is promoted, and the composting speed is accelerated; therefore, in order to accelerate the fermentation process, the size of the compost raw materials should be reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring air permeability, so that the garbage needs to be crushed. The crushing treatment process comprises the following steps: the garbage after being extruded and filtered falls into a crushing chamber from a feeding chamber, and the garbage is loaded into the crushing chamber and is subjected to cyclone cutting by a three-dimensional double-layer four-blade steel knife, so that garbage slurry is formed after uniform crushing.

And sixthly, fermentation, namely feeding the crushed garbage slurry into a fermentation chamber 4, injecting fermentation strains into the fermentation chamber 4, keeping the temperature of the interior of the fermentation chamber constant and ventilating, and stirring the garbage slurry through a stirring mechanism to perform aerobic fermentation.

After the garbage after sufficient crushing enters the fermentation chamber, a fermentation microbial inoculum can be automatically injected into an opening beside the fermentation chamber, and a heating component, an induced draft fan and a deodorization exhaust fan in the fermentation chamber are automatically started simultaneously. The fermentation microbial inoculum is a rapid fermentation composite microbial inoculum suitable for kitchen waste composting obtained by collecting microorganisms in the environment and performing propagation culture, and specific strains can be directly purchased with mature microbial inoculants for culture.

The compost fermentation strain is inoculated into the garbage slurry, so that the biomass of the fermentation bacteria in the compost can be rapidly increased, the fermentation process can be performed as soon as possible, the decomposition of compost raw materials is accelerated, the composting time is greatly shortened, the growth of anaerobic bacteria is inhibited, and NH is reduced ₃ 、H ₂ And volatile substances such as S, amines, aldehydes and the like are generated, so that the odor is reduced, and the loss of nutrients is reduced. For composting, the temperature is an important factor for smooth composting, the temperature can influence the growth of microorganisms, and generally speaking, the degradation efficiency of high-temperature bacteria on organic matters is higher than that of medium-temperature bacteria. Aeration and oxygen supply are one of the key factors for successful composting. The oxygen concentration in the composting process is 18%, and once the oxygen concentration is lower than 18%, the life activity of microorganisms in the aerobic compost is limited, so that the compost is easy to enter an anaerobic state to generate malodor. The using amount of the zymophyte is preferably more than 75% of the surface of the kitchen waste, then the kitchen waste is covered and compacted, the temperature of a fermentation chamber is controlled at 45 ℃, the ventilation speed is 12L/min, and 5g of microbial inoculum is added. Stirring every 6h during fermentation to allow full fermentation.

Because fermentation process can produce some filtration liquid, whole fertilizer that produces is moist, is unfavorable for the preservation, and the microorganism in the fermentation process is not too favorable to the growth of plant, and this fertilizer will be used in the ecological courtyard of family moreover, for resident's healthy safety consideration, need dry and the disinfection of disinfecting handles of disinfecting. The drying and sterilizing treatment process comprises the following steps: after the fermentation of the garbage slurry is finished, starting a temperature rise program in the fermentation chamber, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, drying for 3h, and reducing the water content to about 10%, so that the solid fertilizer can be molded, and the effects of sterilizing and disinfecting the fertilizer can be achieved.

After the fertilizer fermented and dried inside the fermentation chamber is discharged, the interiors of the feeding chamber 2, the crushing chamber 3 and the fermentation chamber 4 are sprayed and cleaned through a sprayer. The reclaimed water recycling system of the ecological courtyard can be connected with the sprayers, after the fermented fertilizer enters the water and fertilizer system, water automatically enters the equipment, and all the functional units are cleaned through the nozzles of all the sprayers. After the cleaning is finished, the whole device is air-dried and dried, and the whole device is kept in a clean and sterile state after being treated.

The following describes the advantageous effects of the present invention with reference to three specific examples of application of the present embodiment.

Example one

The composting scheme covered by the embodiment is applied to the treatment of kitchen garbage and ecological courtyard litter of the residents of the fifth generation of ecological intelligent buildings, and the composted products are used for the growth of ecological courtyard plants, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Feeding: putting green garbage such as 2.25kg of kitchen garbage and 0.25kg of plant litter generated by residents in a feeding chamber, and injecting 5g of zymophyte agent into an inlet of the fermentation chamber; selecting the weight of the fermented materials through a function button on a machine body control panel, adjusting to a full-flow mode, and pressing a start button to start the device to run;

(2) Inactivation and oil extraction: heating to 120 ℃ by a program, carrying out bacteria eliminating treatment on the garbage materials in the feeding chamber, and carrying out oil extraction treatment on the grease-rich substances, wherein the total time of the steps is 20 minutes;

(3) Oil removal: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in an ecological intelligent fifth-generation building, recycled reclaimed water is injected into the program through a first sprayer and passes through materials, so that grease floats on the water surface, the material level is lifted by extrusion, and the grease floats upwards through an overflow plate and enters a grease treatment system of an ecological intelligent fifth-generation building district;

(4) Water reducing: 3, the device starts an automatic drainage function, then carries out extrusion filtration drainage, maintains the water content of the material at 50-60%, and the drained water enters a reclaimed water treatment system of an ecological intelligent fifth-generation building district;

(5) Crushing: the garbage materials processed in the step 4 automatically enter a crushing chamber, and the materials are subjected to cyclone cutting by a three-dimensional double-layer four-blade steel knife of the crushing chamber and are uniformly crushed to form garbage slurry;

(6) Fermentation: automatically feeding the garbage slurry treated in the step 5 into a fermentation chamber, automatically injecting a fermentation microbial inoculum, raising the temperature to 45 ℃ by a program, starting an induced draft fan and a deodorization exhaust fan to ensure that the ventilation speed is 12L/min, and stirring once every 6 hours to fully ferment the garbage slurry;

(7) And (3) drying: drying the fermented fertilizer treated in the step 6, raising the temperature to 120 ℃ by a program, drying until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain the dried fertilizer, and conveying the dried fertilizer to a water and fertilizer irrigation system carried by the ecological courtyard;

(8) Cleaning: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in an ecological intelligent fifth-generation building, recycled reclaimed water is injected in a program, each unit in the machine body is washed and cleaned through a sprayer, the program is heated to 120 ℃ after cleaning is finished, and an induced draft fan is started to enable the device to be in a clean and sterile state.

The size of the green garbage composting device used in the ecological courtyard in the above example is 350 x 800, the whole composting system is powered by a wind-proof power generation system equipped in the ecological intelligent fifth-generation building courtyard, and the prepared fertilizer is used for replenishing fertility to ornamental plants in the ecological intelligent fifth-generation building courtyard through a water and fertilizer irrigation system; through two-month tests, the planting soil and the plant of the plants above the courtyard are taken for detection, and the appearance of the plants is observed and contrasted for measurement, which shows that the planting soil and the fertility of the plants are sufficient, the plants in the courtyard grow more vigorously, the leaves are greener in color, less leaves are withered, and the disease resistance and the drought resistance are also enhanced.

Example two

Apply to the processing of green rubbish such as kitchen garbage and green plant litter of office in office garden with this embodiment, the product that the compost is accomplished is used for whole green plants growth in office industry garden again, specifically includes following step:

(1) Feeding: 100kg of kitchen garbage and 2kg of plant litter produced in a dining room of an office industrial park by one day are put into a feeding chamber, and 200g of zymophyte agent is injected into an inlet of the fermentation chamber; selecting the weight of the fermented materials through a function button on a machine body control panel, adjusting to a full-flow mode, and pressing a start button to start the device to run;

(2) Inactivation and oil extraction: heating to 120 ℃ in a programmed manner, carrying out mixed bacteria elimination treatment on kitchen garbage and plant litter, and carrying out oil extraction treatment on oil-rich matters, wherein the total time of the steps is 20 minutes;

(3) Oil removal: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in an office industrial park, recycled reclaimed water is injected in a program and passes through garbage materials in a feeding chamber, so that grease floats on the water surface, and the grease enters a grease centralized treatment system of a basement of the office industrial park through an overflow plate by extrusion;

(4) Water reducing: 3, the device starts the automatic drainage function by the injected water, then carries out extrusion overflow drainage, the water content of the garbage material is maintained at 50-60%, and the discharged water enters a reclaimed water treatment system of an office industrial park;

(5) Crushing: the garbage materials processed in the step 4 automatically enter a crushing chamber, and the garbage materials are subjected to cyclone cutting by a three-dimensional double-column four-layer eight-blade steel cutter of the crushing chamber and are uniformly crushed to form garbage slurry;

(6) Fermentation: automatically feeding the garbage slurry treated in the step 5 into a fermentation chamber, automatically injecting a fermentation microbial inoculum, raising the temperature to 45 ℃ by a program, starting an induced draft fan and a deodorization exhaust fan to ensure that the ventilation speed is 12L/min, and stirring once every 3 hours to fully ferment the garbage slurry;

(7) Drying: drying the fermented fertilizer treated in the step 6, raising the temperature to 120 ℃ by a program, and drying until the water content is less than 10% to obtain a dried fertilizer;

(8) Mixing and granulating: uniformly mixing the fertilizer dried in the step 7 with struvite prepared by recovering N & P elements in black water in an office industrial park, and then carrying out extrusion granulation by using an extrusion granulator of a factory building in the office industrial park to prepare a granular compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of about 1-3mm for all green plants in the office industrial park;

(9) Cleaning: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in an office industrial park, recycled reclaimed water is injected in a program, each unit is sprayed and cleaned through a sprayer, the temperature is raised to 120 ℃ in the program after the cleaning is finished, and a ventilation system is started to enable the device to be in a clean and sterile state.

The size of the ecological courtyard green garbage composting device used in the above example is 1000 × 1500, the whole composting system is powered by a solar photovoltaic panel in an office industrial park, and the prepared fertilizer is used for replenishing fertility to outdoor green plants such as southern magnolia, sweet osmanthus, poplar, camphor tree, peach tree, rubber tree and the like, indoor plants such as pachira macrocarpa, green bonnie, chlorophytum comosum, sansevieria trifasciata and boston fern and the like in the park by gardeners; through three-month experiments, the planting soil and the plant of the plants in the garden are taken for detection, the appearance of the plants is observed and contrasted for measurement, the planting soil and the fertility of the plants are all shown to be sufficient, the plants grow more vigorously, the leaves are greener in color, less leaves are withered, and the disease resistance and drought resistance are also enhanced.

Example three

The method is applied to the treatment of kitchen garbage of new rural farmers and green plant litter before the door, and the composted product can be used for the growth of new rural vegetable gardens and plants before the door, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Feeding: putting green wastes such as 2.25kg of kitchen wastes and 0.25kg of plant wastes generated by farmers in new rural areas in a day into a feeding chamber, and injecting 5g of zymophyte agent into an inlet of the fermentation chamber; selecting the weight of the fermentation material through a function button on a control panel, adjusting to a full-flow mode, and pressing a start button to start the device to run;

(3) Oil removal: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in a new rural area, recycled reclaimed water is injected in a program and overflows garbage materials to be extruded, and grease floats upwards to enter a distributed reclaimed water treatment system in the new rural area through an overflow plate;

(4) Water reducing: 3, the device starts the automatic drainage function, and then performs extrusion overflow drainage, wherein the water content of the material is maintained at 50-60%, and the discharged water enters a new rural distributed reclaimed water treatment system;

(6) And (3) fermentation: automatically feeding the garbage slurry treated in the step 5 into a fermentation chamber, automatically injecting a fermentation microbial inoculum, raising the temperature to 45 ℃ by a program, starting an induced draft fan and a deodorization exhaust fan to ensure that the ventilation speed is 12L/min, and stirring once every 6 hours to fully ferment the garbage slurry;

(8) Scattering: a farmer can put the fertilizer dried in the step 7 into the crushing chamber again, and the fertilizer is scattered for 2 minutes to obtain granular powdery fertilizer with uniform texture;

(9) Cleaning: the device is connected with a reclaimed water recycling system in a new rural area, recycled reclaimed water is injected in the program, the spray nozzles spray and clean the reclaimed water, the program is heated to 120 ℃, and the ventilation system is started to enable the device to be in a clean and sterile state.

The size of the green garbage composting device used in the new rural area in the above example is 350-800, the whole composting system is powered by the solar photovoltaic panel system in the new rural area, and the prepared fertilizer is applied to poplar and willow in front of the new rural farmer, jujube trees, and vegetable plants such as cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, swamp beans and the like in vegetable gardens. Through two months's experiments, the planting soil and the plant that take above-mentioned plant detect and the plant appearance is watched the contrast and is measured, all show that planting soil and plant fertility are all sufficient to the growth of above plant is more vigorous, and the blade color and luster is greener, and vegetables melon and fruit moisture content and sweet are all very sufficient.

The above-mentioned details of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the composting process and apparatus are not limited to the following examples. Appropriate modifications made according to ordinary skill in the art and common practice within the scope of the subject matter of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Green garbage compost integrated device, its characterized in that: comprises a feeding chamber (2), a crushing chamber (3) and a fermentation chamber (4) which are arranged in the same machine body in a centralized way;

the garbage feeding device is characterized in that the feeding chamber (2) is in butt joint with a feeding door (14) arranged on a top cover of the machine body and used for feeding garbage, the feeding chamber (2) is provided with a heating part used for heating and inactivating the garbage and extracting oil, and the feeding chamber (2) is provided with a layered overflow structure and a movable extrusion plate (24) used for lifting a material level and used for removing the oil and reducing the water of the garbage;

the crushing chamber (3) is communicated with the feeding chamber (2) through a discharging door (27) of the feeding chamber, and a crushing blade (32) is arranged inside the crushing chamber (3) and used for crushing garbage;

the fermentation chamber (4) is communicated with the crushing chamber (3) through a crushing chamber discharge valve (34), a stirring mechanism is arranged inside the fermentation chamber (4), an induced draft fan (6) for introducing air is arranged for aerobic fermentation of garbage, the fermentation chamber (4) is provided with a heating component for improving fermentation temperature and drying the garbage, a fermentation chamber discharge door (44) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber (4), and the fermentation chamber discharge door (44) is in butt joint with a discharge door (15) arranged at the bottom of a machine body;

the feeding chamber (2) is internally divided into an overflow area, a loading area and a buffer area in the transverse direction, the loading area and the overflow area are separated by a layered overflow structure, and the loading area and the buffer area are separated by a squeezing plate.

2. A green garbage composting integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layered overflow structure comprises the overflow plate (22) and an oil separating plate (210), an oil overflow channel between the loading area and the overflow area is formed on the top of the overflow plate (22), the oil separating plate (210) is fixed on one side of the overflow plate (22) close to the overflow area and forms a drainage space separated from the oil overflow channel with the overflow plate (22), the overflow plate (22) is provided with overflow water holes (211) corresponding to the projected area of the drainage space under the oil overflow channel, and the bottoms of the overflow areas on both sides of the oil separating plate (210) are respectively connected to the oil discharge hole (28) and the drainage hole (29).

3. A green waste composting integrated apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pressing plate (24) is slidably mounted on the loading area of the feeding chamber (2) on the side close to the buffer area, and a deoiling push rod (23) for pushing the pressing plate (24) to translate in the loading area is arranged on the outer side of the loading area.

4. A green garbage composting integrated apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inlet chamber discharge gate (27) is arranged at the bottom of the loading area of the inlet chamber (2), and a discharge push rod (25) for driving the inlet chamber discharge gate (27) to open and close is arranged at the bottom of the inlet chamber (2).

5. The green garbage compost integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a stirring mechanism in the fermentation chamber (4) is a stirring paddle (42), the stirring paddle (42) comprises a stirring shaft (421), a plurality of stirring rods (423) fixed on the stirring shaft (421) and stirring blades (424) fixed at the ends of the stirring rods (423), the stirring shaft (421) and the stirring rods (423) are provided with hollow channels communicated with each other inside, one end of each channel of the stirring shaft (421) is communicated with an induced draft fan (6) through a rotary joint (422), and the stirring blades (424) are provided with air holes communicated with the channels of the stirring rods (423).

6. A green garbage composting integrated apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the body housing (11) of the machine body is laid with an insulating layer (12).

7. A green garbage composting integrated apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1-6, wherein the inside of the machine body is vertically provided with spaces corresponding to the feeding chamber (2), the crushing chamber (3) and the fermentation chamber (4) from top to bottom, the feeding chamber (2) and the crushing chamber (3) are supported at the upper part and the middle part of the machine body through mounting seats (13), and the fermentation chamber (4) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the machine body.

8. A green garbage compost integration apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said body is further provided with a deodorizing exhaust fan (7) for exhausting inner odor, said deodorizing exhaust fan (7) is connected to soil layer of ecological garden by pipeline.

9. A green garbage compost integrated device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a sprayer is respectively arranged on the top of the feeding chamber (2), the crushing chamber (3) and the fermentation chamber (4) inside the machine body.

10. The green garbage composting process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the green waste composting integrated apparatus of any one of claims 1-9 is used, comprising the steps of:

firstly, feeding, namely putting green garbage into a feeding chamber (2) through a feeding hole on a machine body;

secondly, inactivating and extracting oil, namely heating the green garbage in the feeding chamber (2), killing bacteria carried by the green garbage and extracting oil in the garbage;

thirdly, removing oil, namely supplementing water according to the water content of the green garbage, lifting the garbage liquid level in the feeding chamber through a movable extrusion plate (24), and overflowing and discharging the floating oil floating on the water surface;

fourthly, reducing water, continuously lifting the liquid level of the garbage in the feeding chamber (2) through the movable extrusion plate (24), and overflowing and discharging the excessive water;

fifthly, crushing, namely conveying the green garbage in the feeding chamber (2) into a crushing chamber (3), and stirring and crushing the garbage;

sixthly, fermentation, namely feeding the crushed garbage slurry into a fermentation chamber (4), injecting fermentation strains into the fermentation chamber (4), keeping the temperature of the interior of the fermentation chamber constant and ventilating, and stirring the garbage slurry through a stirring mechanism to perform aerobic fermentation;

and seventhly, drying, namely heating and drying the fermented garbage slurry in a fermentation chamber (4) to obtain the solid fertilizer.

11. A green garbage composting process as claimed in claim 10 further comprising spray cleaning the interior of the inlet chamber (2), the crushing chamber (3) and the fermentation chamber (4) by means of sprayers after all composting steps have been completed.