CN104686187A - Method for artificial pasture planting in greenhouses in arctic-alpine pasturing areas - Google Patents
Method for artificial pasture planting in greenhouses in arctic-alpine pasturing areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686187A CN104686187A CN201510156609.2A CN201510156609A CN104686187A CN 104686187 A CN104686187 A CN 104686187A CN 201510156609 A CN201510156609 A CN 201510156609A CN 104686187 A CN104686187 A CN 104686187A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technical method for greenhouse building, proper grass seed combining and planting and pasture harvesting and storing in arctic-alpine pasturing areas, in particular to a method for artificial pasture planting in greenhouses in arctic-alpine pasturing areas, and aims to solve the problem of shortage of fodder grass in winter and spring in the arctic-alpine areas. The whole-set method includes: providing greenhouse building parameters according to weather and soil conditions of the arctic-alpine pasturing areas and biological features of pasture; selecting three kinds of pasture including elymus nutans, elymus sibiricus and poa annua which are good in local seed introduction and domestication effect for seeding according to a proportion; performing fertilizing, irrigation management and harvesting and storing suited to local conditions and arctic-alpine weather conditions. By the method, utilization efficiency of weather resources like water, heat and light and pasture yield can be improved; fodder grass in winter and spring can be supplemented through harvesting and storing, so that economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of Alpine-arctic Pastoral green house Planting Grass, be specifically related to be suitable for plant artificial grass in the green house based on the Northern Tibet Plateau of Tibet Autonomous Region's Nagqu Diqu (height above sea level more than 4500 meters) Alpine meadow and grassland region, improve the method for fodder grass output.
Background technology
One of important ecological safe shelter zone district of China based on the Northern Tibet Plateau of Tibet Autonomous Region's Nagqu Diqu.This zone leveling height above sea level is more than 4500 meters, and be called as " ridge of the roof of the world ", ecotope is extremely fragile.For a long time, grassland agriculture is the autonomous industry of Northern Tibet Plateau developing national economy, and accounting for more than 80% of whole national economy income, is also the conventional industries that the vast Tibetan Herdsmen masses depend on for existence and development.Because Northern Tibet Plateau height above sea level (>4500 rice), very cold, winter are very long, natural grassland productivity is lower and Growing season is shorter (the 5-9 month), make the wretched insufficiency of winter-spring season fodder grass, the severe situation that Northern Tibet Plateau livestock is in for a long time " summer is strong, the autumn is fertile, the winter is thin, spring weary ".The mankind's activities such as climatic variation especially in recent years and overgrazing overload, Northern Tibet Plateau Alpine Grasslands is caused to present degeneration in various degree on a large scale, badly influence high and cold natural meadow fodder grass deliverability, make Northern Tibet Plateau society, economy and Sustainable Development of Ecological Environment face lot of challenges.Therefore, the plantation of development artificial grass, can improve fodder grass production capacity, solves winter-spring season fodder grass and lacks problem, being an important channel of alpine grassland husbandry sustainable development, is also alleviate the grazing pressure of natural meadow and recover effective measures of deteriorate grassland.
Because Northern Tibet Plateau natural conditions are arduous, builtly plant that artificial grass is relatively single, backward in technique and follow-up management is not enough, cause that Northern Tibet Plateau artificial planting herbage only can effectively utilize 1-2, serious degradation just appears in 3-5, Northern Tibet Plateau artificial planting herbage is degenerated serious, be absorbed in the low and unpractical predicament of effect.
The problems such as the Alpine Grasslands fodder grass caused for climatic variation and grassland degeneration is under-supply, unstable and uneven, give full play to the solar energy resources that Northern Tibet Plateau is abundant, overcome chilling temperatures restriction, suit measures to local conditions to build green house, plantation is suitable for the high yield herbage of local condition, the build and plant technology of employing science, improves the comprehensive benefit of artificial grass plantation and strengthens herbage reserve capabillity, promotes to hide the development of northern alpine grassland husbandry.
Summary of the invention
The winter-spring season fodder grass that the object of the invention is to solve high and cold area lacks problem, provides artificial planting herbage method in the green house of a kind of suitable Alpine-arctic Pastoral.
1, the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
Green house build: 1) green house site-choosing principle: soil, the condition of water quality of green house addressing all will meet non-polluted farm product base standard, and particularly, it should meet the following conditions: have soil to cover, with loam or sandy loam best; Soil organic matter content more than 1%, should avoid the place selected the serious air port of wind erosion and easily desertify, soil acidity or alkalinity (pH value) about 7.0, has good fertilizer conservation, water retention capacity; And irrigation and draining are conveniently, close to village, convenient management, without industrial sewage, sanitary sewage emission source in 3 kilometers.2) site inspection: by site inspection and household survey, according to site-choosing principle, determines green house construction area.3) green house construction criteria: according to the very cold of Alpine-arctic Pastoral and the physical geographic environment feature such as day and night temperature is large, green house is suitable for adopting masonry bar construction, and covers with the ceiling of transparent plastics material.The major parameter of green house construction is: (1) orientation: east-west, azimuth, greenhouse south by west 5 °-7 °; Between 25 °-28 °, reasonable lighting roof angle; (2) scale: width 7-8 rice, length 60-70 rice, ridge height 2.9-3.2 rice, rear wall wall height 2.3-2.6 rice, 30 °-35 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, rear roofing projects about 1.2 meters; (3) material: back wall can select Heterogeneous Composite type body of wall, adopts sandwich wall structure; Behind greenhouse, the cement pre-fabricated panel of 5 centimetres laid by roofing, and the slag of 30-40 centimetre or cob make heat-insulation layer on prefabricated board upper berth.(4) other: do not set up post in the middle part of roofing before and after greenhouse; Anti-bulkwark is built under front roof bow member; Using the locality the coldest moon (the being generally January) morning take off cover with mat time front greenhouse do not affect solar ray energy shine directly into after the front base angle in a greenhouse as greenhouse spacing.
Broadcast front land disposal: because grass seed is tiny, seed germination and growth of seedling slowly, need carry out rational soil cultivation in certain circumstances, just can better be beneficial to seed germination and the seedling development of herbage.And the canopy wall of green house can be windproof and cold-proof, and illumination is sufficient, solves Atmospheric Condition during sowing.Therefore, planting forage grass only need carry out the land disposal in soil prior to seeding.1) land disposal: ground weeds must be removed before planting grass, plough is turned in annual weed employing or excavated by manual work removes, and perennial weed 10% glyphosate aqua is sprayed; Remove perennial weed rhizome, weeds are not easily bred when Second Year, to reduce invalid utilization to artificial grass planting area resource and waste.2) turn over wholely: the upper seeding of herbage General Requirements, if soil is uneven, sowing can be caused deep mixed, emerge uneven; Soil block is excessive, and after planting seed not easily contacts with soil, is unfavorable for seed germination.Therefore necessary smooth plot before sowing, and make soil particle carefully even, porosity is suitable for.In green house, the ploughing depth in soil can be determined according to soil regime, is generally advisable with more than 20 centimetres, and autumn deep ploughs, and spike-tooth harrow etc. should be adopted after turning over to carry out land readjustment; Spring then should not be too dark, and accomplish Land leveling, soil is in small, broken bits.3) regulate pH: according to soil pH value, adopt lime to adjust.Lime requirement is: during 6 < pH < 7, execute 5-10 kilogram for every mu; During 5 < pH < 6, execute 10-20 kilogram; During pH=5, execute 20-40 kilogram; During 4 < pH < 5, execute 40-80 kilogram.Liming is used in advance and after organic manure stack retting again.4) apply fertilizer: every mu of green house executes farmyard manure 1000-2000 kilogram, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 kilograms, has once executed as base fertilizer, in time fertilizer should be ploughed under soil layer after having executed base fertilizer, then rake thin, rake, with ground grading, rake soil crushing, puddles clay fertilizer, loose table soil.Farmyard manure is executed before plowing, and composite fertilizer uses when whole ground or sowing.By best for application effect after composite fertilizer and farmyard manure stack retting.Spray 3-5 time at Seedling Stage, tillering stage, jointing branching stage potassium sulfate (10 kgs/acre).Cradle rear 3-5 days at every turn every mu execute urea 5-10 kilogram, be watered spray or rainy time execute.
Grass seed selection standard: from the condition such as habitat conditions, feeding value of sowing division, select perennial Local grass-seed to be main, other places is introduced a fine variety and had to pass through domestication experiment, and adopt the registered seed through the certification of authorization check department.By considering above, choose the combination of Elymus nutans+cool-zone turfgrasses+Elymus sibilus cv. Duo Ye.Seed testing and quarantine should meet the regulation of GB 6412-1985 and GB/T 2930.111-2001.Seed treatment meets NY XXXX-2003(" development of man-made grasslands technical regulation ") regulation.Planting Grass grass seeds will carry out obducens or Cotton seeds, adds rhizobium (pulse family), fertilizer, growth hormone, rare earth, water-loss reducer, kill mouse deinsectization medicine etc.
Seeding quantity: follow appropriate sowing, the principle (People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria) of rational close planting.
In sowing time: be advisable to sow in spring, carry out in the 4-5 month.
After planting manage: 1) broadcast rear land disposal: drove can be adopted to trample or with various ways such as the suppression of net type packer book joint setting machine or light harrows, seed is buried.2) after-culture: for ground, corner, seedling should not be grabbed or dodge seedling etc. and cause more than 30% large area to be short of seedling plot, artificial after-culture be carried out.3) cut weeds: carry out weeding with weeder or suitable chemical weed killers, seedling stage is weeding 1-2 time.4) topdress: the GPRS on opportunity topdressed is good.One be find plant leaf withered and yellow time topdress, coordinate irrigate; Two is topdress when plant grows fast, coordinates after topdressing and namely irrigates once.5) irrigate: 1-2 days before sowing, should pour water in advance, disseminate when soil semi-wet; Coordinate irrigation of topdressing; Herbage jointing and to irrigate in time heading stage.6) mouse worm control: before forage seeding and before next year turns green, utilize physical method or the poisonous highland barley of feeding, to control mouse borer population amount.
Herbage is gathered in: with reaping hook or grain header, before the awn of wheat grows up to, carry out young crops harvesting.According to growing way, cradle 1-2 time every year.
Herbage stores: herbage storage technology can adopt grass silage technology, herbage green hay storing technology.1) grass silage technology: should with reference to DB 63/T 492-2005(" herbage package storing technical regulation ") regulation.2) herbage green hay storing technology: after herbage harvesting, can spread out be exposed to the sun in field, when estimating that moisture is down to 30%, can pile the rickle of high about 1 meter, keep fluffy, let alone air-dry, about 1-3 week.Shine the hay made and want reasonable shelf, mound storage of preferably puing up a shed, also can open-air stack.Note during scaffolding adding moistureproof heelpiece, note making middle high surrounding time outdoor low.
2, the present invention is suitable for the advantage of the green house artificial grass planting technology scheme of Alpine-arctic Pastoral and is:
1) for Northern Tibet Plateau cold climate and lean soil condition, clearly propose that green house is built, suitable arrangement pasture species and plantation and herbage is gathered in and the optimisation technique such as storage is integrated;
2) select grass seeds to be local introduction and acclimatization and show good herbage variety, strong adaptability, plant is tall and big, output is high, forage nutrition is abundant, the herbage of good palatability, can at year samming less than 0 DEG C, extreme temperature about-40 DEG C, growth fertility on the high and cold area that soil fertility is barren;
3) the green house thermal property of planting forage grass is strong, and under the natural conditions of Alpine-arctic Pastoral, the agronomic measures efficiency such as forage seeding, organic fertilizer and irrigation is higher, can gather in 2-3 herbage every year, remarkable in economical benefits;
4) green house of the present invention is built, combination of grass and planting technology have epitaxy, and along with the development of research and production practices, green house construction, combination of grass and planting technology still have expands space.
Embodiment
Followingly carry out detailed checking by example:
Case study on implementation: this case is implemented district and is positioned at the modern pasture animal husbandry Demonstration Base of the Ci Qu pool, Nagqu town, Tibet Autonomous Region's Nagqu Diqu Naqu County Nagqu Diqu, and geographical coordinate is north latitude 31 ° 26 ', east longitude 91 ° 03 ', height above sea level 4510 meters.Northern Tibet residing for this case is vast in territory, with a varied topography, and mean sea level, more than 4500 meters, has wherein bred the continental river of many great rivers such as China the Changjiang river, Nujiang, the Lancang River and Northern Tibet Plateau and numerous lake.At northern Tibet, meadow is most important, that area the is maximum ecosystem, mainly based on Alpine meadow class and high-cold steppe class meadow.Northern Tibet average temperature of the whole year is between-2.8-1.6 DEG C, and the coldest moon is January, and the hottest moon is July, four seasons fuzzy.Mean annual precipitation is asked 247.3-513.6 millimeter, and due to the impact by atmospheric circulation and landform, precipitation general trend shows as from east to west, successively decreases from south to north.For between 1500-2300 millimeter, evaporative power total amount is greater than natural precipitation to the year evaporation discharge (measuring with Chinese pan) of northern Tibet, and is northwestwards increased gradually by the southeast.Northern Tibet sunshine duration is higher than other regions of same latitude, full area year sunshine duration is between 2400-3200 hour, annual percentage of sunshine is between 52%-67 %, simultaneously due to height above sea level, air cleaning, this area's Luminous energy resource is quite abundant, average solar year total radiation reach every square metre 6,000 million burnt, western part be up to every square metre 6,800 million burnt.By artificial planting herbage in the green house of Northern Tibet Plateau Alpine-arctic Pastoral, provide theory and practice foundation for solving high and cold area winter-spring season fodder grass problem.
Green house is built: in the modern pasture animal husbandry Demonstration Base of Nagqu Diqu, build 3 green houses, for pasture growing.Its specification is: east-west direction, width 7.5 meters, length 60 meters, ridge height 3.0-3.2 rice, rear wall wall height 2.5-2.6 rice, 30 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, and rear roofing projects about 1.2 meters; Back wall adopts sandwich wall structure; In green house, herbage can cultivated area be 270 square metres.
Broadcast front land disposal: in green house, carry out whole Horizon of turning over, remove ground weeds, divide hillslope processes.
Mixture forage: perennial Elymus nutans, siberian wildrye, annual bluegrass; Seed quality: cleanliness 100%, germination rate 98%.
Bromus inermis: the Bromus inermis of Elymus nutans, siberian wildrye and annual bluegrass is 4:3:3.
Seeding quantity: 1.5 kilograms every mu.
Sowing measure: the grass seed having combined and mixed thoroughly carries out drilling, kill mouse → turn over → rake mill → fertilising → irrigate → sowing → suppression → irrigate.
Sowing depth: 2-3 centimetre.
Sowing time: the first tenday period of a month in May, 2013.
Fertilizing amount: every mu of green house executes farmyard manure 1000-2000 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 kilograms.
Irrigate: 1-2 days before sowing, should pour water in advance, sow when soil semi-wet; Coordinate irrigation of topdressing; Herbage jointing and to irrigate in time heading stage.Each irrigation volume is equivalent to 10-20 millimeter precipitation.
Harvesting: gathered in three (in mid-August, 2013, in late May, 2014, in early September, 2013) herbages, forage yield reaches every mu of 150-260 kilogram.
Storage: after herbage harvesting, take to spread out outside green house and be exposed to the sun, shines the hay made and takes storage straw shed mound storage.
Claims (2)
1. a method for Alpine-arctic Pastoral green house Planting Grass, proposes that Alpine-arctic Pastoral green house is built, suitable arrangement pasture species and plantation and herbage is gathered in and the optimisation technique such as storage is integrated, it is characterized in that:
(1) green house construction criteria: according to the very cold of Alpine-arctic Pastoral and the physical geographic environment feature such as day and night temperature is large, green house is suitable for adopting masonry bar construction, and covers with the ceiling of transparent plastics material;
(2) arrangement pasture species is selected: Elymus nutans+siberian wildrye+annual bluegrass;
(3) Bromus inermis: the Bromus inermis of Elymus nutans, Elymus sibilus cv. Duo Ye and cool-zone turfgrasses is 4:3:3;
(4) seeding quantity: 1.5 kilograms every mu;
(5) land type of suitable application: Alpine Grasslands;
(6) agronomic measures: kill mouse → turn over → rake mill → fertilising → irrigate → sowing → suppression → irrigate;
(7) sowing depth: 2-3 centimetre;
(8) sowing time: the 4-5 month;
(9) fertilizing amount: every mu of green house executes farmyard manure 1000-2000 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 kilograms;
(10) irrigate: 1-2 days before sowing, should pour water in advance, sow when soil semi-wet; Coordinate irrigation of topdressing; Herbage jointing and to irrigate in time heading stage; Each irrigation volume is equivalent to 10-20 millimeter precipitation;
(11) gather in: harvesting in a year 2 times, respectively in May and September;
(12) store: after herbage harvesting, take to spread out outside green house and be exposed to the sun, shine the hay made and take storage straw shed mound storage.
2. the method for Alpine-arctic Pastoral according to claim 1 green house Planting Grass, is characterized in that: the major parameter of green house construction is:
(1) orientation: east-west, azimuth, greenhouse south by west 5 °-7 °; Between 25 °-28 °, reasonable lighting roof angle;
(2) scale: width 7-8 rice, length 60-70 rice, ridge height 2.9-3.2 rice, rear wall wall height 2.3-2.6 rice, 30 °-35 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, rear roofing projects about 1.2 meters;
(3) material: back wall can select Heterogeneous Composite type body of wall, adopts sandwich wall structure; Behind greenhouse, the cement pre-fabricated panel of 5 centimetres laid by roofing, and the slag of 30-40 centimetre or cob make heat-insulation layer on prefabricated board upper berth;
(4) other: do not set up post in the middle part of roofing before and after greenhouse; Anti-bulkwark is built under front roof bow member; Using the morning locality the coldest moon take off cover with mat time front greenhouse do not affect solar ray energy shine directly into after the front base angle in a greenhouse as greenhouse spacing.
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| CN104982204A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-10-21 | 镇江润祥园林科技发展有限公司 | No.2 Runcao cultivation method |
| CN107690864A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of Permafrost Area saltant type restoration of degraded grassland method |
| CN108293715A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-07-20 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | The organic cultivation method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral graminous pasture |
| CN109042098A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | The herbage breeding method of degeneration native pasture |
| CN109978324A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-07-05 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | One kind introducing a fine variety site selecting method and device |
| CN114128713A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 兰州大学 | Plateau elymus nutans seed coating agent and using method thereof |
| CN114711099A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-08 | 青海大学 | Novel application of rare earth elements and method for promoting rapid establishment of wheat-Bingo artificial grassland |
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| CN114128713A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 兰州大学 | Plateau elymus nutans seed coating agent and using method thereof |
| CN114711099A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-08 | 青海大学 | Novel application of rare earth elements and method for promoting rapid establishment of wheat-Bingo artificial grassland |
| CN114711099B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-12-15 | 青海大学 | New application of rare earth element and method for promoting quick planting of Mebine grass artificial grassland |
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