CN114271145B - Method for controlling growth amount of grown medlar branches - Google Patents
Method for controlling growth amount of grown medlar branches Download PDFInfo
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- CN114271145B CN114271145B CN202210014153.6A CN202210014153A CN114271145B CN 114271145 B CN114271145 B CN 114271145B CN 202210014153 A CN202210014153 A CN 202210014153A CN 114271145 B CN114271145 B CN 114271145B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling growth amount of mature medlar branches, which comprises the steps of accurately irrigating according to the lengths of spring fruit belts, summer fruit belts and autumn fruit belts of the medlar branches at different periods, controlling the using amount of special foliar fertilizer, and combining with soil management technologies such as reasonably applying organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer, medlar garden grass growing, plowing and the like, so that the medlar branches are capped in advance to stop growing after reaching a certain length in the growing process, and the number of autumn tip stripping is reduced. Compared with the waste caused by controlling the length of branches and the autumn tip fruit by manual pruning in the prior art, the method achieves the purposes of reducing the growth amount of the medlar and saving the labor cost, simultaneously ensures that the total annual output of the medlar is unchanged, controls the amount of the medlar fruits in the last ten-10 months in 9 months, and reduces the waste of nutrition of the medlar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medlar planting, in particular to a method for controlling growth amount of grown medlar branches.
Background
The fructus Lycii is shrub of Lycium of Solanaceae, has weak dryness and rapid growth of branch, and can grow and extend continuously from spring to autumn, and the fructus Lycii branch has a bearing zone of 6-7 months from the base of the branch to 30-50cm, a bearing zone of 8 months from 30-50cm to 90-100cm, and a bearing zone of 9-10 months from 90-100cm to the tip. The bearing branches of the spring fruit in the current year are formed if the bearing branches do not bear fruits, wherein the bearing branches are extracted from the autumn tips or the spring tips of the main bearing branches in the last year. 70% of bearing branches of the medlar are spring shoots and summer shoots which are sent out in the current year, 10% of bearing branches are annual branches, and 20% of bearing branches are autumn shoots.
The following problems were found in the management of grown lycium barbarum plants: buds on medlar branches have the characteristic of clustering, branch branches have large growth quantity, and a plurality of branches can be extracted in three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, so that the closing is easily caused, and the labor intensity of medlar management is high and the labor cost is high due to the fact that the length and the quantity of the branches are controlled by manual trimming in the prior art; especially, autumn fruits grown from autumn shoots are usually abandoned due to high picking cost in actual life, which causes waste.
Therefore, a control method which can reduce the growth amount of branches (especially reduce the number of autumn tip twigs) and save labor cost is urgently needed for the aged medlar plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the growth amount of grown medlar branches, which can reduce the growth amount of branches (especially reduce the number of autumn tip twigs) and save labor cost.
In order to solve the problems, the method for controlling the growth amount of the mature medlar branches comprises the following steps:
first water, 4 middle ten days, and enough germination accelerating water is poured 1 week before germination;
in the second water, in the last 6 months, when branches grow to 20-30cm, additionally applying 25-30kg of compound fertilizer and 100-150kg of organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer per mu of land, and simultaneously irrigating enough flowering and fruit setting water once; spraying a medlar leaf fertilizer in the middle and last ten days of the month 5 and the middle and middle ten days of the month 6 respectively; thirdly, in the beginning of 7 months, when the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry are extended to 50-60cm or small branches are drawn out, 100-150kg of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, and the water is thoroughly poured for one time; spraying a foliar fertilizer for the medlar once in the middle ten days of the 7 months;
fourthly, watering the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry to 70-80cm in early 8 months and watering the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry once for fruit setting after 8 months in combination with prevention of high temperature; spraying foliar fertilizer for the medlar once in the middle ten days of 8 months;
fifthly, in the beginning of 9 months, when the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry are extended to 90-100cm, if the extension heads are semi-lignified, the leaves of the Chinese wolfberry are unfolded, the growth amount of the other drawn autumn tips is large, and the watering is stopped and no additional fertilizer or fertilizer spraying is performed; if the autumn tips are not prolonged any more and the leaves of the Chinese wolfberry are not stretched and have the phenomenon of water shortage, shallow water can be poured for one time;
sixthly, planting rows along the medlar around the trunk or at the periphery of one side of the trunk in the early 9 th month or 10 th month, alternately excavating fertilizing ditches every other year and applying decomposed farmyard manure; then the base fertilizer water is fully irrigated, and the winter water is not irrigated.
Preferably, the method further comprises: when weeds in the Chinese wolfberry rows grow to be 15-30cm high in 5-9 months, mowing, grass smashing and micro-tillage are carried out regularly, and the depth is 5-10cm; and (5) tedding the garden once in 7 months at a depth of 15-20cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the characteristics that the growth amount of the medlar is weakened when the plants lack water, and a plurality of branches can be naturally capped, the watering time is accurately determined, and the key water influencing the growth amount control is applied, so that the water utilization rate is improved, the medlar branches can be capped in advance to stop growing after reaching a certain length in the growth process, the number and the length of autumn tip twigs are reduced, the medlar branches are enabled to blossom and bear fruits less or not blossom and bear fruits, the annual branches bearing fruits in the second year are formed, the number of spring fruits is increased, and the purposes of reducing the growth amount of the medlar and saving the labor cost are achieved.
Another advantage of the present invention: on the basis of watering key water, the method is matched with soil management technologies such as controlling the dosage of a nitrogen fertilizer, reasonably applying a special fertilizer for leaf surfaces, an organic fertilizer and a microbial fertilizer, growing grass in a medlar garden, turning over and the like, can ensure that the total annual output of medlar is unchanged, control the quantity of medlar fruits in the middle and last ten days of 9 months to 10 months and reduce the nutrition waste of medlar.
It should be noted that in the traditional cultivation concept, watering is only a necessary measure for plant growth, the watering time is determined according to the soil moisture degree and the wilting degree of the leaves of the Chinese wolfberry, and the method accurately waters according to the fruit bearing branches of the Chinese wolfberry, the length of the summer fruit belt and the length of the autumn fruit belt, so as to control the growth amount of the Chinese wolfberry branches. Although the basic concept of the characteristic that the growth amount of plants is weakened when the plants lack water is known, various combinations of precise irrigation, matched fertilization, special foliar fertilizers, organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers according to the length of fruit belts, and soil management means are adopted to solve the technical problems, and the details are obtained through creative labor.
Detailed Description
According to the biological characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, high temperature resistance, barren soil resistance, yin resistance, good fertilizer, potassium preference, light preference, adaptability to slightly alkaline soil, waterlogging resistance, high temperature, high humidity, high nitrogen and the like of the medlar, the aim of controlling the growth of medlar branches is achieved by improving the water utilization rate, controlling the medlar irrigation frequency, irrigating key water, quantifying water and clean water, controlling the chemical fertilizer dosage, especially the nitrogen fertilizer dosage in a matching way, and combining with soil management technologies of reasonably applying organic fertilizers, growing grass in medlar gardens, ploughing and the like.
The method for controlling the growth amount of the mature medlar branches is explained by taking each irrigation as a main line, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) First water
4 in the middle ten days of the month, sufficient germination accelerating water is poured 1 week before germination.
(2) The second water
In the last ten days of 6 months, when branches grow to 20-30cm, additionally applying 25-30kg of compound fertilizer and 100-150kg of organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer per mu of land, and simultaneously irrigating enough flowering and fruit setting water once; and spraying medlar leaf surface fertilizer (Altailing + potassium amino acid + prophy, or Altailing +2 per thousand urea + prophy) once in the middle and last ten days of 5 months and spraying medlar leaf surface fertilizer (Altailing + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + micro fertilizer) once in the middle and last days of 6 months.
The medlar foliar fertilizer is generally sprayed before 11 am and after 5 pm, and the spraying is uniform and weekly. The medlar leaf fertilizer comprises a medlar leaf special fertilizer, 0.5% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium composite liquid fertilizer, amino acid, trace element fertilizer, altailing, bibao, bactericide and the like, and the combination of the fertilizers, the types adopted in each stage are different: the medlar leaf fertilizer in the step (2) provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements for medlar, and an immunizing agent, a growth regulator and a bactericide for improving medlar immunity, provides nitrogen elements for plant early growth to promote branch rapid growth, promotes flower bud differentiation by phosphorus elements and potassium elements, and meets the partial physiological needs of plants by the trace elements. The Tailing is a plant immunizing agent and can prevent diseases of the medlar. The bactericide is a growth regulator, is mainly used for improving the resistance of medlar flower buds, and is used for preventing powdery mildew, anthracnose and the like of medlar at high temperature and high humidity.
(3) Third water
At the beginning of 7 months, when the spring tips of the medlar are extended to 50-60cm or branches are drawn out, 100-150kg of organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and the water is thoroughly poured once; and spraying boxthorn leaf fertilizer (Altailing + potash fertilizer) once in the middle ten days of 7 months. In addition, the medlar garden is deeply turned for one time by combining weeding, the depth is 15-20cm, and the yield of the medlar is ensured.
(4) Fourth water
In the early 8 months, high temperature is prevented, and when the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry are prolonged to 70-80cm, the fruit setting water is poured for one time after 8 months; spraying foliar fertilizer (monopotassium phosphate, propamol and bactericide) once in middle ten days of 8 months.
(5) Fifth water
At the beginning of 9 months, when the spring tips of the medlar are extended to 90-100cm, if the extension head is semi-lignified, the leaves of the medlar are spread, the growth amount of the other extracted autumn tips is large, and the watering is stopped, and the additional fertilizer and the fertilizer spraying are not carried out; if the autumn tips are not prolonged any more and the leaves of the Chinese wolfberry are not stretched and have the phenomenon of water shortage, shallow water can be poured once. The medlar garden needs to be turned shallow in the month, and the depth is 5-10cm.
(6) Sixth water
Fertilizing at the bottom of 9 months or at the beginning of 10 months by making fertilizing furrows with width of 40cm and depth of 40cm around the trunk 30cm or alternatively making fertilizing furrows with width of 40cm and depth of 40cm along the medlar planting rows at the periphery of 30cm away from one side of the trunk every other year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 6-7 m 3 /667m 2 Uniformly mixing decomposed farmyard manure (sheep manure and cow manure) subjected to harmless treatment with garden soil, applying the mixture to the garden soil with the thickness of 20-30cm, and backfilling and leveling; then the base fertilizer water is fully irrigated, and the winter water is not irrigated.
The planting density of the medlar garden is 1-1.5m multiplied by 3m, and the medlar garden is ensured to be ventilated and transparent.Generally irrigating for 5-6 times all year round, with 50m of irrigation quantity each time 3 ～70m 3 /667m 2 Annual irrigation quantity of 300-400m 3 Per mu. The irrigation should be performed a few times. The irrigation is uniform, the drought and waterlogging are avoided, and the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions of the medlar garden are well adjusted.
The water demand condition of the medlar garden is different along with the age of trees, the planting density, the leaf area, the air temperature, the soil characteristic, different growth periods, the underground water level, the rainfall and the soil fertility, so that the medlar management needs to adopt full garden irrigation according to the water demand characteristic of medlar in each growth period, and ditch irrigation and ridge irrigation are utilized in water-deficient areas, and drip irrigation is preferably adopted under the condition permission. The irrigation of the whole garden needs to pay attention to soil salinization caused by flood irrigation.
And classifying and explaining matched technologies except watering related to the method for controlling the growth quantity of the aged medlar branches.
First, inter-row grass growing technology. Intercropping low green manure crops such as vetch, sweet clover and the like between medlar rows, or selectively growing grass naturally, and regularly mowing, grass crushing and micro-ploughing shallow plowing when the grass grows to be 15-30cm high. Preventing weeds from growing, adjusting the environment, reducing plant diseases and insect pests, reducing the saline-alkali degree and improving the soil fertility. 5-9 months, removing shallow ploughing the medlar garden for 4 times by intertillage, and the depth is 5-10cm; and (4) tedding the garden once in 7 months, wherein the depth is 15-20cm, the area below the crown is 15cm, and the plant base stem is not damaged. And the rotary cultivator is used for removing the soil manually or by using the rotary cultivator.
Secondly, additional fertilization technology. The principle of soil topdressing is to control nitrogen fertilizer, stabilize phosphate fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer, and the dosage per mu in the whole year is not more than 32kg according to the dosage of urea. The method is characterized in that the method is concentrated in spring tip accelerating (5 middle ten months), summer fruit preserving (6-7 middle ten months) and autumn strong strips (7 late ten years), each time 100g of high-quality compound fertilizer of N, P and K is applied to the plants, the top dressing mode is carried out by digging 15-20cm deep ditches from two sides of a trunk by 20cm away, and the ditches are covered by turning over soil.
Thirdly, spraying fertilizer on the leaf surfaces. 4-5 times in the whole year, spraying the special fertilizer for the leaves of the medlar once in time after every stubble is picked, and supplementing the nutrition of trees by taking a potash fertilizer as a main component. The sprayed potash fertilizer is mainly KH of 2 per mill 2 PO 4 Potassium amino acid, etc., according to casesSpraying amino acid or 2 ‰ urea and nutrient solution under tree yellowing or malnutrition, and spraying plant immunizing agent such as Altailing, growth regulator, and bactericide.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for controlling growth of adult medlar branches comprises the following steps:
first water, 4 middle ten days, and enough germination accelerating water is poured 1 week before germination;
in the second water, in the last 6 months, when branches grow to 20-30cm, additionally applying 25-30kg of compound fertilizer and 100-150kg of organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer per mu of land, and simultaneously irrigating enough flowering and fruit setting water once; spraying a medlar leaf fertilizer in the middle and last ten days of the month 5 and the middle and middle ten days of the month 6 respectively;
thirdly, in the beginning of 7 months, when the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberry are extended to 50-60cm or small branches are drawn out, 100-150kg of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, and the water is thoroughly poured for one time; spraying a foliar fertilizer for the medlar once in the middle ten days of the 7 months;
fourthly, watering the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberries for 8 months, and watering the fruit setting water for once when the spring tips of the Chinese wolfberries are prolonged to 70-80 cm; spraying a foliar fertilizer for the medlar once in the middle ten days of 8 months;
fifthly, in the beginning of 9 months, when the spring tips of the medlar are extended to 90-100cm, if the extension heads are semi-lignified, the leaves of the medlar are unfolded, and the growth amount of the rest extracted autumn tips is large, and the watering is stopped, and no additional fertilizer is applied or sprayed; if the autumn tips are not prolonged any more and the leaves of the Chinese wolfberry are not stretched and have the phenomenon of water shortage, shallow water can be poured for one time;
sixthly, planting rows along the medlar around the trunk or at the periphery of one side of the trunk in the early 9 th month or 10 th month, alternately excavating fertilizing ditches every other year and applying decomposed farmyard manure; then the base fertilizer water is filled, and the winter water is not poured.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for 5-9 months, when the weeds among the Chinese wolfberry rows grow to be 15-30cm high, regularly carrying out mowing, grass crushing and micro-tillage shallow plowing with the depth of 5-10cm;
and (5) tedding the garden once in 7 months at a depth of 15-20cm.
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| CN107114179A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-09-01 | 酒泉市祁连花青有机生态农产品开发有限公司 | A kind of golden matrimony vine planting technology in salt-soda soil |
| CN109348967A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 刘志虎 | A kind of simple pruning method of fructus lycii tree |
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