CN112154877A - Multiple cropping method for feeding grass type rye in semiarid region - Google Patents
Multiple cropping method for feeding grass type rye in semiarid region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiple cropping method for feeding grass type rye in a semiarid region, which comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization: fertilizing, rotary tillage and raking the sowing land to level the land; (2) in late 9 th month, sowing grass-feeding rye, and raking after sowing; (3) harvesting the rye which is fed with grass in the late heading 5 months of the next year, then applying base fertilizer to the rye, and sowing multiple crops, wherein the growth period of the multiple crops is 3-4 months, and the multiple crops are silage corns or forage sorghum; (4) harvesting multiple crops. The invention relates to a double cropping planting mode: in autumn (after harvesting the top crops), the rye is used as the previous crops for sowing, and in the next year, the rye is sown after harvesting the multiple crops; greatly improves the forage grass output per unit area and solves the problem of insufficient forage grass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for replanting sorghum and silage corns for forage grass and rye in Ningxia semiarid regions. The Ningxia semiarid region is a southern mountain region with the altitude of 1100-2200 meters, including original state region of Ningxia Guyuan city, Pengyang county, Xiji county and Haiyuan county of Zhongwei city.
Background
The Ningxia semiarid region is located in a warm climate region of loess plateau and has typical continental climate: the temperature is long and cold in winter, changeable in spring, short in summer and fast in autumn; the average annual precipitation is about 300-500 mm, the annual evaporation capacity is about 1750mm, and water resources are deficient, so that the method is a typical region for eating by the day. Meanwhile, the area is an important component of the farming and animal husbandry interlaced belt and an advantageous area for the development of the pasture and animal husbandry, particularly the beef cattle production industry, becomes the leading industry of the area, and plays an important role in promoting the development of the regional economic society and the living standard of people. However, with the rapid development of the beef cattle industry, the problem of insufficient forage is gradually highlighted, the demand is increasingly urgent, and the breeding cost is increased when the forage is purchased in other places.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a replanting method for feeding grass type rye in a semiarid region, which improves the land replanting index, the land utilization rate and the forage grass yield per unit area and solves the problem of insufficient forage grass.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the multiple cropping method of the grass-type rye feeding in the semiarid region comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: fertilizing, rotary tillage and raking the sowing land to level the land;
(2) in the last ten days of 9 months, sowing grass-fed rye, raking after sowing, and leveling the land;
(3) harvesting the rye which is fed with grass in the late heading 5 months of the next year, then applying base fertilizer to the rye, and sowing multiple crops, wherein the growth period of the multiple crops is 3-4 months, and the multiple crops are silage corns or forage sorghum;
(4) harvesting after the multiple crops are mature.
Further, the forage rye in the step (2) is planted according to the row spacing of 13-17 cm, the depth of 7-10 cm and the seeding rate of 180-240 kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; after sowing, top dressing in the middle and late ten days of 3 months in the next year, wherein the top dressing comprises the following steps: additionally applying 150-180 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2The forage type rye variety is 70 winter pasture.
Further, in the step (2), the forage rye is planted according to the line spacing of 15cm, the depth of 9cm and the seeding amount of 225kg/hm2Drill seeding is carried out, and 165kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is applied in the jointing stage of forage type rye2。
Further, the base fertilizer applied in the step (3) is 280-320 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2200-250 kg/hm of urea2(ii) a The land preparation adopts the modes of rotary tillage and harrow leveling.
Further, step (3)The base fertilizer is 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2225kg/hm of urea2。
Further, the compound crops are forage sorghum, hole sowing (preferably film-covered hole sowing) is carried out, 3-4 seeds are reserved in each hole, the row spacing is 35-45 cm, the plant spacing is 12-17 cm, the sowing amount is 1.5-1.8 kg per mu, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, additional fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage of the forage sorghum, and 700-800 kg/hm of urea is applied in an additional mode2Harvesting the forage sorghum at the late heading stage; the sorghum for feeding is sea lion, Dajiang prize 1230 or F10 (preferred).
Further, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the feeding sorghum are 40cm and 15cm, and 750kg/hm of urea is additionally applied during the jointing stage of the feeding sorghum2。
Further, the multiple cropping crops are silage corns, the silage corns are subjected to hole sowing according to the row spacing of 55-65 cm, the plant spacing of 20-25 cm, the depth of 4-6 cm and the sowing amount of 4000-5000 grains/mu, the film covering hole sowing is preferably adopted as the sowing mode, and 700-800 kg/hm of urea is applied in an additional mode in the jointing stage of the silage corns2The silage corns of the multiple crops in the step (4) enter a wax stage, and the silage corns are harvested when the milk lines of the grains reach 1/2-3/4; the silage maize variety is Demeia No. 1 or Xianzheng 101.
Further, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the silage corns are 60cm and 25cm, and in the jointing period of the silage corns, 750kg/hm of urea is applied2。
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a two-cropping planting mode in one year: sowing rye as a previous crop in autumn (after harvesting the previous crop), and sowing multiple crops (silage corns or forage sorghum) after harvesting the rye in the next year; the average yield of the rye harvested by adopting the invention is as follows: fresh grass yield 35000kg/hm2Above, hay yield, 8500kg/hm2The above; average yield of silage corn: the yield of fresh grass is 60000kg/hm2Above, the hay yield is 23000kg/hm2The above; average yield of sorghum for feed: fresh grass yield of 65000kg/hm2The yield of the hay is above 18000kg/hm2The above; greatly improves the forage grass yield per unit area and economic benefit.
Rye is a forage grass crop, and the method of the invention increases the forage grass supply and meets the local animal husbandry requirement.
Rye is a forage crop, and has good high yield, strong stress resistance, rich nutrition and wide adaptability. The rye can be used for harvesting fresh grass and hay and harvesting grains, the yield of the fresh grass, the hay and the grains is high, the content of quality protein and lysine is good, the rye is an ideal wheat feed for silage, hay, fine feed and grain and grass, and the effect of feeding livestock and poultry such as cows, pigs, rabbits, chickens and the like is good. Meanwhile, the rye has strong cold resistance, can be planted after the previous crop is harvested, and has good wintering property; meanwhile, the compound corn early maturing compound fertilizer has good drought resistance, can obtain good yield in arid regions or arid years, can achieve the aim of double maturing in one year particularly for multiple cropping silage corn early maturing varieties in Ningxia semi-arid regions and after harvesting rye, improves the land utilization rate and the forage grass yield, and solves the problem of insufficient forage grass.
Detailed Description
The multiple cropping method of the grass-type rye feeding in the semiarid region comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: fertilizing, rotary tillage and raking the sowing land to level the land;
(2) in late 9 th month, sowing grass-feeding rye, and raking after sowing;
the forage rye is planted according to the line spacing of 13-17 cm, the depth of 7-10 cm and the seeding amount of 180-240 kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; 150-180 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year after sowing2The forage type rye variety is 70 winter pasture.
Preferably, the forage type rye is planted according to the line spacing of 15cm, the depth of 9cm and the seeding amount of 225kg/hm2Drill seeding is carried out, and 165kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is applied in the jointing stage2。
(3) Harvesting the rye in the late stage of ear emergence in 5-month late ten days of the next year, and then applying 280-320 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer2200-250 kg/hm of urea2Land preparation is carried out in a raking mode, then multiple crops are sown, the growing period of the multiple crops is 3-4 months, and the multiple crops are silage corns or forage sorghum;
preferably, the base fertilizer is appliedDiammonium phosphate 300kg/hm2225kg/hm of urea2。
If the compound crops adopt the forage sorghum, mulching and hole sowing are carried out, 3-4 seeds are reserved in each hole, the row spacing is 35-45 cm, the plant spacing is 12-17 cm, the sowing amount is 1.5-1.8 kg per mu, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, topdressing is carried out in the jointing stage of the forage sorghum, and 700-800 kg/hm of urea is applied in an additional mode2(ii) a The sorghum for feeding is sea lion, jackpot 1230 or F10;
preferably, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the feeding sorghum are 40cm and 15cm, and 750kg/hm of urea is additionally applied during the jointing stage of the feeding sorghum2The variety is preferably F10.
If the multiple crops are ensiled corns, the ensiled corns are subjected to film covering and hole sowing according to the row spacing of 55-65 cm, the plant spacing of 20-25 cm, the depth of 4-6 cm and the sowing quantity of 4000-5000 grains/mu, and urea 700-800 kg/hm is applied in the jointing stage of the ensiled corns2(ii) a The silage maize variety is Demeia No. 1 or Xianzheng 101.
Preferably, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the silage corns are 60cm and 25cm, and the additional application of urea is 750kg/hm in the jointing stage of the silage corns2Preferably, the silage maize is proantho-plus 101.
(4) Harvesting the forage sorghum in a heading period, and harvesting the silage corns in a wax stage when the milk lines of the grains reach 1/2-3/4.
Example 1. repeated cropping of winter-grazing 70 rye sorghum for feeding by the method of the present invention, film-mulching hill-drop of the sorghum for feeding, other similar treatments, which have been described above, such as step (1), are not repeated herein:
example 1-1: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 13cm, the depth of 7cm and the seeding amount of 180kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; 150kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year after sowing2；
Harvesting rye fed with grass in late stage of ear emergence in 5 months of the next year, applying 280kg/hm diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer2200kg/hm of urea2Carrying out rotary tillage, then carrying out hole sowing on the sorghum for feeding, reserving 3 seeds in each hole, keeping the row spacing of 35cm and the plant spacing of 12cm, sowing the seeds at a rate of 1.5kg per mu and a sowing depth of 3cm, topdressing the sorghum for feeding in the jointing stage, and topdressing the sorghum for feeding with urea at a rate of 700kg/hm2(ii) a Sorghum for feedThe variety is sea lion.
Examples 1 to 2: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 15cm, the depth of 9cm and the seeding amount of 225kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; after sowing, 165kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year2；
Harvesting rye in late stage of ear emergence in 5 months of the next year, and applying 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer2225kg/hm of urea2Carrying out rotary tillage, then carrying out hole sowing on the sorghum for feeding, reserving 4 seeds in each hole, keeping the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 15cm, sowing the seeds at a rate of 1.7kg per mu and the sowing depth of 4cm, topdressing the sorghum for feeding in the jointing stage, and topdressing the sorghum for feeding with urea at a rate of 750kg/hm2(ii) a The variety of the forage sorghum is F10.
Examples 1 to 3: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 17cm, the depth of 10cm and the seeding amount of 240kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; after sowing, 180kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year2；
Harvesting rye in late stage of ear emergence in 5 months of the next year, and applying 320kg/hm of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer2250kg/hm of urea2Then, hole sowing is carried out on the sorghum for feeding, 4 seeds are reserved in each hole, the row spacing is 45cm, the plant spacing is 17cm, the sowing amount is 1.8kg per mu, the sowing depth is 4cm, and 800kg/hm of urea is applied in the jointing stage of the sorghum for feeding2(ii) a The variety of the forage sorghum is a jackpot 1230.
The three embodiments are completed by the multiple planting method, and all the three embodiments adopt a two-cropping-a-year planting mode, and the results show that the rye is used as a previous crop to be sown, and the forage sorghum is sown after the rye is harvested in the next year; the yield of forage grass in unit area is greatly improved, the forage grass supply is increased, the local animal husbandry requirements are met, and the problem of insufficient local forage grass at present is solved; the economic benefits of these three examples, examples 1-2, were most prominent in the three examples, the length of time spent in sorghum F10 for the diets of examples 1-2 from emergence to heading was shorter than in the other two varieties, and the yields of rye and sorghum for the diets of examples 1-2 were high: the yield of the rye fresh grass is 36500kg/hm2And the yield of the hay is 8510kg/hm2The yield of fresh sorghum for feeding is 65800kg/hm2Dry grass productAmount 18700kg/hm2The quality is excellent: dry matter content 44.7%, crude protein content 6.94%, neutral detergent fibre 53.92%, acid detergent fibre 33.90%, relative feed value 107.91, soluble sugar content 16.46%.
Example 2, in semiarid mountainous areas of ningnan, the method of the present invention is used to replant the silage corn of winter 70 rye, the silage corn is mulched and hill sowed, other similar treatment methods are already described above, such as step (1), and are not described again below:
example 2-1: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 13cm, the depth of 7cm and the seeding amount of 180kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; additionally applying 150kg/hm of diammonium phosphate in the middle and late ten days of 3 months in the second year after sowing2；
Harvesting rye fed with grass in late stage of ear emergence in 5 months of the next year, applying 280kg/hm diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer2200kg/hm of urea2Then, the silage corns are subjected to hole sowing according to the row spacing of 55cm, the plant spacing of 20cm, the depth of 4cm and the sowing quantity of 5000 grains/mu, and 700kg/hm of urea is applied in the jointing stage of the silage corns2(ii) a The silage maize variety is Demeia No. 1.
Example 2-2: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 15cm, the depth of 9cm and the seeding amount of 225kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; after sowing, 165kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year2；
Harvesting rye in late stage of ear emergence in 5 months of the next year, and applying 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer2225kg/hm of urea2Then, the silage corns are subjected to hole sowing according to the row spacing of 60cm, the plant spacing of 22cm, the depth of 5cm and the sowing quantity of 4500 grains/mu, and 750kg/hm of urea is applied in the jointing stage of the silage corns2(ii) a The silage maize variety is Xianzhengda 101.
Examples 2 to 3: in late 9 months, the forage type rye is planted according to the row spacing of 17cm, the depth of 10cm and the seeding amount of 240kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; after sowing, 180kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year2；
Harvesting rye fed with grass in late 5 months of the next year at the late heading stage, and applying base fertilizer phosphorus320kg/hm of diammonium acid2250kg/hm of urea2Then, the silage corns are subjected to hole sowing according to the row spacing of 65cm, the plant spacing of 25cm, the depth of 6cm and the sowing quantity of 4000 grains/mu, and 800kg/hm of urea is applied in the jointing stage of the silage corns2(ii) a The silage maize variety is Demeia No. 1.
The three embodiments are completed by the multiple planting method, and all the three embodiments adopt a two-cropping-a-year planting mode, and the results show that the rye is used as a previous crop to be sown, and the forage sorghum is sown after the rye is harvested in the next year; the yield of forage grass in unit area is greatly improved, the forage grass supply is increased, the local animal husbandry requirements are met, and the problem of insufficient local forage grass at present is solved; the economic benefits of these three examples, example 2-2, are most prominent in the three examples, the length of time that the silage corn of example 2-2 grows from emergence to heading is short compared to the other two examples, the silage corn can be harvested in the semiarid mountainous areas of ningnan just before frost comes, and the yield of example 2-2 is high: the yield of the rye fresh grass is 35700kg/hm2And the yield of the hay is 8580kg/hm2The yield of the fresh grass of the silage corn is 62800kg/hm2Hay yield 23600kg/hm2(ii) a The quality is excellent: dry matter content 37.25%, crude protein content 7.01%, neutral detergent fibre 55.30%, acid detergent fibre 17.76%, relative feed value 126.56, starch content 386.12 g/kg.
Claims (10)
1. The multiple cropping method of the grass-type rye fed in the semiarid region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: fertilizing and rotary tillage are carried out on the sowing land to level the land;
(2) sowing forage grass type rye in late 9 th ten days, and leveling the land after sowing;
(3) harvesting the rye which is fed with grass in the late heading 5 months of the next year, then applying base fertilizer to the rye, and sowing multiple crops, wherein the growth period of the multiple crops is 3-4 months, and the multiple crops are silage corns or forage sorghum;
(4) harvesting multiple crops.
2. A multiple cropping method according to claim 1,
in the step (2), the forage rye is planted according to the line spacing of 13-17 cm, the depth of 7-10 cm and the seeding rate of 180-240 kg/hm2Performing drill seeding; 150-180 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is additionally applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the second year after sowing2(ii) a The forage type rye variety is 70 winter pasture.
3. A multiple seeding method according to claim 2,
in the step (2), the forage type rye is planted according to the line spacing of 15cm, the depth of 9cm and the seeding amount of 225kg/hm2Drill seeding is carried out, and 165kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is applied in the jointing stage of forage type rye2。
4. A multiple cropping method according to claim 3,
the base fertilizer applied in the step (3) is 280-320 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2200-250 kg/hm of urea2(ii) a The land preparation adopts the modes of rotary tillage and harrow leveling.
5. A multiple seeding method according to claim 4,
the base fertilizer applied in the step (3) is 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2225kg/hm of urea2。
6. A multiple cropping method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the compound crop is a forage sorghum, the forage sorghum is sowed in a mulching film hole mode, 3-4 seeds are reserved in each hole, the row spacing is 35-45 cm, the plant spacing is 12-17 cm, the sowing amount is 1.5-1.8 kg per mu, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, additional fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage of the forage sorghum, and 700-800 kg/hm of urea is applied in an additional mode2Harvesting the forage sorghum in a heading stage; the sorghum for feeding is sea lion, jackpot 1230 or F10.
7. A multiple cropping method according to claim 6,
the row spacing and the plant spacing of the feeding sorghum are 40cm and 15cm, and the sorghum is pursued in the jointing stage of the feeding sorghumApplying 750kg/hm of urea2。
8. A multiple cropping method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the multiple cropping crops are silage corns, the silage corns are subjected to hole sowing according to the row spacing of 55-65 cm, the plant spacing of 20-25 cm, the depth of 4-6 cm and the sowing amount of 4000-5000 grains/mu, and urea 700-800 kg/hm is applied in the jointing stage of the silage corns2The multiple crops in the step (4) enter a wax stage, and the multiple crops are harvested when the milk lines of the seeds reach 1/2-3/4; the silage maize variety is Demeia No. 1 or Xianzheng 101.
9. The method for multiple cropping according to claim 8, wherein the silage corn is subjected to film mulching and hole sowing.
10. A multiple seeding method according to claim 8,
the row spacing and the plant spacing of the silage corns are 60cm and 25cm, and in the jointing stage of the silage corns, 750kg/hm of urea is additionally applied2。
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Application publication date: 20210101 |