CN102860201B - Method for planting fenugreek - Google Patents
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- CN102860201B CN102860201B CN 201210323910 CN201210323910A CN102860201B CN 102860201 B CN102860201 B CN 102860201B CN 201210323910 CN201210323910 CN 201210323910 CN 201210323910 A CN201210323910 A CN 201210323910A CN 102860201 B CN102860201 B CN 102860201B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting fenugreek, comprising the steps of: (1) soil selection, (2) soil preparation, (3) sowing, (4) field management, (5) thinning and (6) harvest and seed reservation. The fenugreek which is planted by the method has the following advantages: (1) the fenugreek which is planted by the method has strong adaptability, barren resistance and drought resistance; the fenugreek can not only be planted at fertile-soil areas, but also be planted at barren and waterless areas; the fenugreek can be plated at different areas at domestic in different seasons and is easy to popularize and rapidly develop; (2) the fenugreek which is planted by the method is not prone to pest, the special fragrance hinders growth of weeds and the field management is simple and low in cost; (3) the single plant of the fenugreek which is planted by the method is higher by 10-15cm on average and the per unit area yield is increased; (4) the fenugreek which is planted by the method is full and the content of galactomannan (fenugreek gum) is high; and (5) the protein content of plants and leaves of the fenugreek which is planted by the method is high and the quality of being used as greenfeed is improved.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting of faenum graecum.
Two, technical background:
Faenum graecum, another name tonka-bean, vanilla, fragrant clover, bitter beans, snow Sha, the traditional Chinese medicine custom claims Lu Bazi.Originate in the Middle East and China Tibet region, the North China Plain and the sowing in early spring of the Hetao area, Inner Mongol, the fast grain yield height of growing.Extensively introduce a fine variety in the seventies Xu, area, Huaihe River.Faenum graecum is pulse family Papillionoideae frenugreek spp annual herb plant, plant height 40～90cm.The root system vertical and horizontal distributes and to be about 30cm, on the lateral root give birth to circle or fan-shaped root nodule.Stem is grown thickly, and branch sends from axil, is born in around the stem, general branch.Leaf is trifoliolate leaf, and complete stool does not have fine hair and living.Spend lessly, do not have stalk, savory, indefinite inflorescence just be white, and back gradual change is faint yellow, and the little band purple of base portion is swooned.Spend to fall behind the elongated pod of knot, barrel-shaped, long 9～21cm, the about 0.5cm of diameter, tip becomes shape of tail; Every strain is on average born pods about 20, can reach 150 at most, in every pod 10～20 of non-hibernating eggs.Seed is square or rectangle, and is savory, and planting skin is orange-yellow or light green, slightly shrinkage, thousand kernel weight 10～14 grams.
The faenum graecum seed is the important raw material of industry, can extract natural plant gum, saponin, fenugreek oil, vegetable protein.Bits are as the gel raw material of feed and plywood.Natural plant gum is mainly used in preparing the needed aqueous fracturing fluid of oil exploitation, is oil and gas wells in oil fields high and stable yields and the fracturing fluid primary raw material that improves output; Chinese yam saponin is the primary raw material of pharmaceutical industry synthesizing steroid amcinonide and oral contraceptive; Fenugreek oil contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, is the requisite health substance of human body; Vegetable protein is good food additives.Above produce market demand is big, and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is wide.Faenum graecum cauline leaf good palatability contains albumen height (13～22.9%), is the fabulous forage grasses of draught animal such as oxen and horses hinny.Root contains rhizobium, can increase fertility of land by fertilizing soil.Faenum graecum is again desirable rotation of crops crop simultaneously, and the plantation faenum graecum is conducive to rationally arrange the plantation crops for rotation, and the damage by disease and insect of avoiding continuous cropping to cause takes place again and again.Faenum graecum has strong medicine fragrance, and worm does not sting mouse and do not steal, and subjects to the infringement of worm mouse unlike other crops.
The less investment of plantation faenum graecum, the saving of labor economizes ground, and every mu of ground drops into only three kilograms of seeds, 30 kilograms of diaminos, water water 2～3 times, hoe twice directly drops into every mu only 150 yuan, by 200 kilograms of calculating of per mu yield, price is by 6.00 yuan/kilogram, about 1200 yuan of mu incomes, deduction directly drops into, and every mu can be obtained about 1050 yuan of incomes.The faenum graecum leaf directly is good concentrated feed, can increase income about more than 350 yuan again, adds up to about 1400 yuan of incomes.And if plant other crops, the mu income is most lower than kind of faenum graecums, such as the plantation wheat, by 900 jin of calculations of per mu yield, according to 1.2 yuan of/jin calculating, the mu income only has 1080 yuan, the mu income of planting faenum graecum is higher 320 yuan than grow wheat.And rhizobium increase soil fertility, and have planted faenum graecum, autumn maize planting or plant the autumn wheat and all can obviously increase production.The peasant household of planting faenum graecum all reflects; Before stubble plant the ground of faenum graecum, the coming year kind what all growing way is fine.
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned technical background, a kind of kind method for planting of faenum graecum to be provided, the fenugreek output height that it is planted out.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of kind method for planting of faenum graecum is characterized in that: the plantation of described faenum graecum may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing ground: select loosing soil, the place of the fertile ground of sun-drenched drought or ground, gentle slope condition;
(2) wholely: should put in order ground before plantation, use sufficient base manure, fertilizer is turned in people's soil, rake is leveling carefully, picks up stone, grass roots and crop cover, does furrow then;
(3) sowing: sowing is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing, autumn sowing is adopted in south, in 10～November before and after the Frost's Descent, the north is adopted and is sowed in spring, and mid-March is to mid-April before and after Clear and Bright, sowing time, the faenum graecum seed is broadcast on the whole good furrow face equably 2～3 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys, 4 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys of the person of reserving seed for planting with an animal-drawn seed plough or sower, about 40 centimetres of line-spacings, about 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows;
(4) field management: behind the neat seedling of faenum graecum, in time weed with a hoe, when 6～8 centimetres of heights of seedling in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, treat about height of seedling 9cm, should water in the mountain area 1 time that new florescence of branch and blue or green pod phase are respectively watered water one time, arid weather in time waters, the timely draining of rainy weather, seed-plot should in time supply water in the blue or green pod phase, promoted seed maturity and full;
(5) thinning: it is overstocked seedling to occur, when treating 10～15 centimetres of heights of seedling, extracts unnecessary seedling, drilling stay seedling one strain for about 10 centimetres by spacing in the rows, strain in strong sprouts 3～5 is stayed in every cave of bunch planting, the place's of being short of seedling band soil mud seedling of being careful;
(6) gather in the crops and reserve seed for planting: before and after Grain Full (early and middle ten days in June), gather after the ground cauline leaf is withered and yellow, in time dry after the faenum graecum plant harvesting with maturation, threshing is raised only, after again seed being dried, select the seed of thousand kernel weight more than 12 grams as the seed kind, be kept under the low temperature environment and keep frequent and ventilate;
Described base manure is urea, phosphorus potash fertilizer or nitrogenous phosphorus potassium and farmers''s barnyard manure or farmyard manure, and 200～250 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed on every mu of ground, 20 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of each composite fertilizers of 15% of 50 kilograms in phosphorus potash fertilizer or nitrogenous phosphorus potassium; Even be spread on plough behind the ground 20～25 centimetres dark.
Described fertilizing method adopts the method for topdressing behind the first basal dressing, and base manure is based on fertilizer, when plant strain growth goes out 6～8 true leaves, can impose quick-acting fertilizer, the plant division ability is strengthened, topdress for the second time, carry out behind the pod as a result at first, execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in conjunction with intertillage, to promote the fruit pod full.
Compared with prior art, the advantage and the effect that have of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention's fenugreek seed adaptability of planting out is strong, and impoverishment tolerant is drought-resistant, and not only fertile area, soil can be planted, and also is fit to the region plantation of the barrenr lack of water in soil, and China distinguishes different regions and can plant season, easily popularizes and fast-developing;
2, the present invention's fenugreek seed of planting out is difficult for producing damage by disease and insect, and special fragrance is difficult for growth by weeds, and the simple cost of field management is low;
3, the present invention's fenugreek seed individual plant of planting out on average grows tall 10～15 centimetres, has improved per unit area yield output;
4, the fenugreek seed full grains planted out of the present invention half are as mannan content height (fenugreek gum);
5, the present invention's fenugreek seed strain leaf protein matter content of planting out increases, and has improved the quality of making green fodder.
Four, embodiment:
One, the faenum graecum feature of growing
1, foliation and the habit of branching out: the faenum graecum late March of spring sowing is sowed to seed maturity mid-July, and full number of growing days is about more than 100 day.Under the situation that temperature, soil suit, after planting 6～8 days, seedling just can be broken through the soil successively.The yangtse-huaihe region autumn planting is generally sowed in late September.Generally pass the winter with 4～6 true leaves after emerging.Begin branch spring, take out the tip, bloom and bear pods (can be later than local wheat one week sowing); To early June in coming year seed maturity, full number of growing days is about 220 days.
2, flower is given birth to for armpit: blooming is successively to bloom from the bottom up along branch.On each branch give birth to 5～10 pairs of fruit pods, each fruit pod contains 10～20 of faenum graecums not to be waited, take out the tip and budding, generally on April, the middle ten days.Florescence can be extended down to late May, and early June gathers in the crops.The bud in later stage bears pods generally harvest time can not be ripe, should in time pinch.
Two, the requirement of environmental condition:
1, temperature: seed sprouting temperature is being advisable more than 10 ℃, suitable 15～20 ℃ of seedling phase daily mean temperature; Contain the flower setting phase, daily mean temperature is 25～30 ℃. about 240 days vegetative period.
2, moisture: annual rainfall is the area more than 600 millimeters, in the area of average 40 millimeter of faenum graecum rainfall planting season, can be met the sowing of faenum graecum and the moisture needs of growth of seedling substantially.Except special dry year, generally can not cause death because of arid.But pay special attention at faenum graecum maturing stage rainwater for a long time, fruit pod phase ground is ponding easily, causes the seed black mould to become, and causes the underproduction.The soil adequate moisture is 11～18% in vegetative period.
3, illumination: the weather that the faenum graecum happiness is warm, dry slightly.More drought-enduring, cold-resistant, fearness high temperature humid climate.Be afraid of waterlogging, like sunny environment.Growth and development process requires the abundance at sunshine, and light transmission is good.Long-day can shorten vegetative period.Frost resistance power is strong, sows in spring as heavy frost, and poor growth and unlikely death, the winter field is when subzero 10 spend, and it is slow to grow, but still can keep life.
4, soil: because the faenum graecum root system is relatively more flourishing, root can reach below 20 centimetres deeply.Not strict to the soil requirement, general irrigation and drainage soil easily all can be planted growth and be obtained high yield, especially with chiltern soil the best.But should not on rich clay, heavily plant.Because therefore not anti-ponding require draining good.The faenum graecum salt resistance is poor, in the soil plough horizon salt content greater than 0.3%, namely dead.Deeply with soil layer, loose fertilely be rich in organic soil for well.
Three, culture technique:
1, choosing ground: faenum graecum is drought-enduring, should select loosing soil, the place of the fertile ground of drought or ground, gentle slope condition, because it is sun plant, the plot should be sun-drenched open ground again, is conducive to fruit pod maturation, seed is full, is unsuitable at heavy clayed soil and the bigger plot of the gradient to plant.In the many areas of water, during choosing ground, consider to be conducive to draining.
2, wholely: before plantation, should put in order ground, use sufficient base manure, described base manure is urea, phosphorus potash fertilizer or nitrogenous phosphorus potassium and farmers''s barnyard manure or farmyard manure, and 200～250 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed on every mu of ground, 20 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of each composite fertilizers of 15% of 50 kilograms in phosphorus potash fertilizer or nitrogenous phosphorus potassium; Even be spread on plough behind the ground 20～25 centimetres dark, fertilizer is turned in people's soil, rake is leveling carefully, picks up impurity such as stone, grass roots, crop cover, does furrow by the locality custom.High furrow should be made in south, and flat furrow should be made in the north.Some places customs is not applied fertilizer when whole ground, perform the back at furrow base manure imposed on the furrow face, again with hoe or spades fertilizer turn over dig with furrow in soil mix thoroughly, fertilizer is relatively more concentrated does not so waste, and can sow after furrow are carried out.
3, sowing: sowing is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing.South many employings autumn sowing, before and after the Frost's Descent (10～November), the northern spring sowing of adopting in clear and bright front and back (mid-March is to mid-April) more.Sowing time, with an animal-drawn seed plough or sower the faenum graecum seed is broadcast on the whole good furrow face equably.2～3 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys.4 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys of the person of reserving seed for planting.About 40 centimetres of line-spacings, about 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows.Seeding quantity because arid is unconditionally irrigated, should suitably be strengthened in some place.If soil is relatively drier, should irrigate in advance before the sowing.During sowing, earthing should not be dark excessively, buries 1～2 centimetre with seed and be advisable, can suppress slightly, after water.But the northern area sowing in ice crust, adopt broadcast sowing, cultivate or machine sowing all can, the degree of depth 5～6cm, about drill spacing 20cm, shallow cave is dug apart from 25～30 centimetres in the bunch planting cave.6～10 of every bunch plantings.
4, field management: behind the neat seedling of faenum graecum, should note in time weeding with a hoe.When 6～8 centimetres of heights of seedling in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.The growing period water demand rate is higher, treats about height of seedling 9cm, should water in the mountain area 1 time, and new florescence of branch and blue or green pod phase are respectively watered water one time.Arid weather in time waters the timely draining of rainy weather.The discovery damage by disease and insect is prevented and treated according to a conventional method.Seed-plot should in time supply water in the blue or green pod phase, promoted seed maturity and full.
5, thinning: as it is overstocked seedling to occur, when treating 10～15 centimetres of heights of seedling, extracts unnecessary seedling.Drilling stay seedling one strain for about 10 centimetres by spacing in the rows, strain in strong sprouts 3～5 is stayed in every cave of bunch planting.Be short of seedling and locate to be careful band soil mud seedling.
6, gather in the crops and reserve seed for planting: before and after Grain Full (early and middle ten days in June), cauline leaf is gathered after withered and yellow on the ground.In time dry after the faenum graecum plant harvesting with maturation, threshing is raised only, after seed being dried, selects the seed of thousand kernel weight more than 12 grams as the seed kind again, is kept at also to keep under the low temperature environment often ventilating.The faenum graecum later stage, it is big that pressure becomes along with full seed, meets wind and rain weather and lodge easily, thereby reduce output.Prevent and treat method: when spring, faenum graecum was bloomed, get final product for twice with the mepiquat chloride sprinkling.
7, the control of damage by disease and insect: faenum graecum has certain nitrogen fixing capacity, can produce root nodule.
(1) root knot: cause of disease Pseudomonas sickle-like bacteria class.Get final product with the drug treating that prevents the rhizobium leguminosarum disease.
(2) bacterial wilt: pathogen is yellow single robe mushroom.
More than the appearance of two kinds of diseases, be due to the seedling phase humidity height.So should suitably adjust sowing time during sowing, carry out the disinfection of soil and seed, in soil, suitably add lime, produce effect to preventing and treating root knot.Use 300～500PPM agricultural streptomycin seed soaking 5～10 minutes before the sowing, the seed after drug treating can be sowed.To preventing and treating bacterial wilt certain effect is arranged.
(3) aphid: aphid is the common damage by disease and insect in faenum graecum producing region.After being subjected to insect pest seedling stage, plant strain growth is slow, and bud stage is injured, and bud easily comes off, and influences output.Available 2000 times 40% dimethoate emulsion spray wine, and cooperate duty to cut weeds, can obtain effect preferably.
Plant the faenum graecum that method for planting plants out through Shaanxi Province's feed factory raw material quality inspection report check through the present invention and contain thick protein 30.86%.
Claims (3)
1. the kind method for planting of a faenum graecum, it is characterized in that: the plantation of described faenum graecum may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing ground: select loosing soil, the fertile ground of sun-drenched drought or ground, gentle slope;
(2) wholely: should put in order ground before plantation, use sufficient base manure, fertilizer is ploughed under in the soil, rake is leveling carefully, picks up stone, grass roots and crop cover, does furrow then;
(3) sowing: autumn sowing is adopted in south, 10～November before and after the Frost's Descent, adopt to sow in spring in the north, before and after clear and bright mid-March to mid-April, sowing time, with an animal-drawn seed plough or sower the faenum graecum seed is broadcast on the whole good furrow face equably, seed embedded depth 1-2cm, 2～3 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys, 4 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys of the person of reserving seed for planting, about 40 centimetres of line-spacings, about 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows; Perhaps, northern area adopts sowing in ice crust, and sowing depth 5～6cm adopts drilling or bunch planting, about drill spacing 20cm, and 25～30 centimetres of bunch planting cave distances, 6～10 of every bunch plantings;
(4) field management: behind the neat seedling of faenum graecum, in time weed with a hoe, when 6～8 centimetres of heights of seedling in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, treat about height of seedling 9cm, should water in the mountain area 1 time that new florescence of branch and blue or green pod phase are respectively watered water one time, arid weather in time waters, the timely draining of rainy weather, seed-plot should in time supply water in the blue or green pod phase, promoted seed maturity and full;
(5) thinning: it is overstocked seedling to occur, when treating 10～15 centimetres of heights of seedling, extracts unnecessary seedling, drilling stay seedling one strain for about 10 centimetres by spacing in the rows, strain in strong sprouts 3～5 is stayed in every cave of bunch planting, the place's of being short of seedling band soil mud seedling of being careful;
(6) gather in the crops and reserve seed for planting: before and after Grain Full, cauline leaf is gathered after withered and yellow on the ground, in time dries after the faenum graecum plant harvesting with maturation, threshing is raised only, after again seed being dried, select the seed of thousand kernel weight more than 12 grams as the seed kind, be kept under the low temperature environment and keep frequent and ventilate.
2. the kind method for planting of a kind of faenum graecum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 200～250 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed on every mu of ground, 20 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of each composite fertilizers of 15% of 50 kilograms in phosphorus potash fertilizer or nitrogenous phosphorus potassium; Even be spread on plough behind the ground 20～25 centimetres dark.
3. the kind method for planting of a kind of faenum graecum according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: adopt the method for topdressing behind the first basal dressing, base manure is based on fertilizer, when plant strain growth goes out 6～8 true leaves, impose quick-acting fertilizer, the plant division ability is strengthened, topdress for the second time, carry out behind the pod as a result at first, execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in conjunction with intertillage, to promote the fruit pod full.
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| JP2009240171A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | House Foods Corp | Method for producing high 4-hydroxy isoleucine-containing fenugreek sprout using isoleucine |
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