CN108575595A - Hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method - Google Patents
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method, includes the following steps：(1) it sows：Base manure is applied before sowing；And (2) cultivation management：The cultivation management includes at least following steps：A, thinning, field planting；B, seedling stage carries out；C, ensure rich water abundance；D, rear toothing is cradled, after cradling every time, in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging；E, it carries out cutting stubble comprehensively before passing the winter.The hybrid Chinese pennisetum that should be obtained by the present invention in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River per mu yield up to 15 tons, in South China up to 18 tons.It is long for the careless phase, in south China up to 300 days or more.Crude protein content is higher, hay crude protein content 9.95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, and in particular to arrive hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method.
Background technology
The interspecific hybridization research of hybrid Chinese pennisetum category herbage currently on the market, is changed using American pennisetum alopecuroides best in quality
Into with the Forage quality that improves napier grass, this kind of cenospecies is only limitted to vegetative propagation, for transporting and popularization has larger drawback, and product
Matter is poor, and protein content is relatively low, and feeding value is not high.
Such as prior art CN107586177A disclose it is a kind of using Chinese pennisetum fresh grass as the planting almond abalone mushroom matrix of raw material,
The raw material of the cultivation matrix forms percentage：Bagasse 3.2%~9.8%, Chinese pennisetum fresh grass 3.2%~
9.8%, sawdust 22.2%, corncob 26%, wheat bran 18%, corn flour 8.8%, dregs of beans 9%, fine particle calcium carbonate 1.8%, lime 1.2%,
PH value 9-11 is adjusted, the sum of weight percent of above-mentioned raw materials is 100%.
Prior art CN104472170A discloses a kind of non-irrigated pipe high yield cultivating method of hybrid Chinese pennisetum water cultivation, and method includes
Nursery, seedling separation select seedling, and site preparation of ploughing, draining of pouring water is transplanted in due course, fertilising, field management and etc..The method transplanting of the present invention
Survival rate is high, and survival rate reaches 95% or more.
Pass through the tetraploid matched diploid American pennisetum alopecuroides best in quality and can blossomed and beared fruit under field conditions (factors)
Napier grass prepares inter-species triploid hydrid kind, but how to carry out high-yield culturing to the hybrid Chinese pennisetum is that this field needs to solve
The problem of.
Invention content
In view of current aquaculture commonly used Pennisetum, such as various napier grasses, imperatoria etc. both at home and abroad, although production
Amount is higher, but poor quality, and in breeding, there are drawbacks on, because without seed, are only being produced with asexual kind root seedling stem
Upper utilization, influences large area, promotes and utilizes on a large scale.The present invention utilizes a system under the conditions of natural (unartificial control)
The supporting technology of row, preparing equally has 3 times of body cenospecies seeds of high yield and good Pennisetum inter-species, and it is miscellaneous to provide this
Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method is handed over, solving the Pennisetums such as napier grass can only vegetative propagation planting meadow drawback.
The present invention provides hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method, includes the following steps：
(1) it sows：Base manure is applied before sowing；And
(2) cultivation management：
The cultivation management includes at least following steps：
A, thinning, field planting；
B, seedling stage carries out weeding；
C, ensure rich water abundance；
D, rear toothing is cradled, after cradling every time, in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging；
E, it carries out cutting stubble comprehensively before passing the winter.
The method described in the present invention specifically includes；
(1) type of seeding and requirement：It is sowed on the soil of better-than-average fertility, before sowing, applies purity nitrogen fertilizer 20kg- per acre
25kg, or organic farm manure 1000-2000kg is applied per acre, and carry out top dressing appropriate；The case where plant leaf turns to be yellow
Under, main Nitrogen Top Dressing；
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum is sowed with seed, and sowing temperature is 18-25 DEG C, and application rate is 0.8-1 kilograms per acre, using item
It broadcasts, line-spacing 60-80cm；
(2) cultivation management：
A, primary using chemical fertilizer when growth of seedling goes out 3-4 blades, 5-8 kilograms of urea is applied per acre；It is carried out before tiller
Thinning, field planting, and combine tillage and weeding, ridging；Top dressing is carried out after cradling every time, every time 8-12 kilograms of urea of top dressing per acre；
B, seedling stage carries out weeding；
C, ensure rich water abundance；
D, it is 5-7 centimetres to cradle the rear height for the stubble left, after cradling every time, to combine top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging；
E, stubble is cut comprehensively before passing the winter.
Preferably, in step (1), in the case where plant leaf turns to be yellow, urea is mainly imposed, imposes urea 10kg/
Mu.
Preferably, in step (1), hybrid Chinese pennisetum after planting mulching soil 1-2cm, before emergence, soil moisture needs to protect
It holds in 45%-60%.
Preferably, in the A of step (2), by strain, line-spacing：45cm × 75cm is colonized.
Preferably, in the A of step (2), the area of phosphorus is lacked in soil, 15-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate is applied per acre, makees base
Fertilizer application.
Preferably, in the A of step (2), when soil zinc deficiency causes blade to whiten, the zinc sulfate of 0.05-0.1wt% is prepared
Solution, it is primary every spray in 7-10 days, it sprays 2-3 times.
Preferably, in the E of step (2), to take warming measure, after having cut stubble, sealed in colder area
Row, does not allow careless stubble head open country face, and by imposing 20-30 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre.
Preferably, described when imposing composite fertilizer, the main ingredient of composite fertilizer is nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 8%, potassium 10%.
The present invention also provides the hybrid Chinese pennisetums that should be prepared with the aforedescribed process.
Using the present invention the hybrid Chinese pennisetum that is prepared of hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River
Area's per mu yield is up to 15 tons, in South China up to 18 tons.It is long for the careless phase, in south China up to 300 days or more, before and after early June,
Until being available for answering fresh grass by the end of October.Crude protein content is higher, hay crude protein content 9.95%.Hybrid Chinese pennisetum is mainly cut
It cuts and is utilized with ensilage, grazing utilization can also be made.For the Clipping dates that blueness is raised mainly depending on feeding object, feeding is herbvore
Big domestic animal, 1.3 meters or so of plant height can cradle, and adaptability is preferable, and whole year can cradle 5-7 times.As the small livestock and poultry such as rabbit, goose or
The greenfeed of fish is cradled in 70-100 centimetres of plant height, and most of is blade, tender palatable, while being conducive to again after cradling
Regeneration, general whole year can cradle 8-10 times.Since the yield of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is high, the growing pullets under high temperature, liquid manure sufficiency
Soon, and quality is good, at this time such as fresh grass feeding surplus, ensiling can be given over to, in case winter feeds.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is to utilize diploid American pennisetum alopecuroides (Pennisetum under unartificial control (natural conditions)
Amricanun it) prepares to obtain 3 times of body cenospecies of Pennisetum inter-species with tetraploid napier grass (P.purpureum) xuanpeide,
Cross-pollinated is solid, can be used as seminal propagation utilization, and F1 generation is shaky.
Hybrid strain is short-day plant, belongs to season type herbage.It is very sensitive to illumination, only in suitable latitude, fit
It under suitable illumination condition, can just blossom and bear fruit, complete growing process.For this purpose, can only select being capable of flowering naturally, loose powder in parent
The production of hybrid seeds of relatively low latitudes.And maternal date of seeding is adjusted, it is synchronous with the male parent florescence.
Parent sire of hybrid pigs precocity napier grass is perennial, can be preserved for many years, and kind property is constant.
Core of the invention technology is divided into apolegamy, purification and rejuvenation, breeding and the mother for having utilized purification and rejuvenation of configuration parent
This sterile line and precocious napier grass production of hybrid seeds two parts content, two isolated areas carry out twice.Make the core that hybrid seed is core
The heart.
Specifically, the preparation that nation obtains No. 1 (trade name) hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed includes hybrid Chinese pennisetum female parent sterile line
Then the breeding of original seed recycles the maternal sterile line original seed that breeding obtains to prepare hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed two with its male parent napier grass
A step.
One, the breeding of hybrid Chinese pennisetum parental stock (sterile line)
1, Juvenile stage
Female parent is American pennisetum alopecuroides, and male parent is maintainer American pennisetum alopecuroides.Seed quality, the yield of cenospecies, not only exist
In the quality standard of strict implement hybrid seeding operation, it is more dependent upon the purity of hybrid strain itself, bud rate and parent propagation ring
Border.Produce parental stock, it is necessary to which the quality condition for understanding parents' seed in advance samples parental seed and carries out indoor germination
The inspection of rate, cleanliness, moisture carries out Purity Field identification, production of hybrid seeds parent kind is determined as after indices qualification.
2, parent's seed farm is determined
Original seed seed farm isolated area is carried out, the isolated area that parental stock production must be under the conditions of isolation is completed, to ensure
Seed farm is not influenced parental seed purity by different flower variety string powder is solid, and original seed seed farm should select around within the scope of 500 meters
The grass seeds of no other Pennisetums (in addition to the production of hybrid seeds is with male parent) is planted, and otherwise be will result in different kind string powder, is influenced parent's production of hybrid seeds
Field purity.To ensure to be isolated, isolated area strictly delimited before the production of hybrid seeds, running check is wanted in production process, grasped in detail
The long-term cropping and growing state of isolated area field, as found, having same seed production florescence to meet in isolated area wants timely processing, it is ensured that
Original seed seed farm will not be by different kind string powder.
Select seed farm will sunny, rich water is sufficient, topography it is flat it is fertile, irrigation condition is good, traffic convenience base
On plinth, the factors such as local climate condition, especially effective accumulated temperature, day and night temperature, sunshine logarithm, rainy season distribution are fully considered,
And according to the weather conditions of seed breeding base locality, and maternal florescence, the blooming of male parent, loose powder phase, determine parents most
The good sowing time reinforces the field management work in seedling stage, ensures original seed robust plant, pay attention to insect prevention diseases prevention.Produce original seed field, field
Between to rogue the weak repeatedly, prevent that field biology mixes, harvest seed must singles singly receive, individually storage avoids artificially and machine
Tool mixes.
3, it is that six garden methods produce parent using parent three
Original seed sterile line, maintainer establish the original seed farm of plant garden, strain nursery and sterile line respectively, and breeding stock will carry out
Purity, typicalness and the identification of pregnant property, without carrying out combining ability test.The original seed farm of sterile line, though menu strain, plant,
It is required to carry out pregnant property identification in strain nursery, pregnant property identification is related to the purity of hybrid with its preparation, needs to give much attention to pure
Degree.Simple identification method is pollinated naturally to one of fringe bagging, remaining fringe in every plant, as bagging fringe is shaky, it was demonstrated that this
Strain infertility, remaining fringe can enter next year plant or strain nursery, and it is sterile line original seed to expand numerous, and breeds its maintainer simultaneously.
4, parent's seeding technique scheme is formulated
In order to obtain the hybrid seed of high quality, high yield, prepare 3 times of body cenospecies of inter-species, seed farm should select every
Good from condition, the isolated area cultivation without other Pennisetums within the scope of 500 meters of surrounding, topography is flat, and soil fertility is uniform, fertile
It is fertile, the plot production of hybrid seeds of high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.It is required according to the production of hybrid seeds, in conjunction with the kind sex expression of local weather, soil and each combined parent strain
Situations such as, formulate specific implementation technical solution.Using purification and rejuvenation maternal sterile line and the ground can normally bloom as
Grass, plants male parent in due course and sowing is maternal, makes its flower synchronization, is pollinated solid.Technical solution is in addition to site preparation, fertilizing management, anti-
Outside the routine techniques of insect pest, the bird pest etc. of curing the disease this fields, it is necessary to determine sowing time and planting patterns, the sowing of seed farm parent
Row ratio, density, flower synchronization prediction and the work implementation such as adjust, rogue the weak, to the quality requirement in each period must strictly, carry
High yield measure during executing technical solution, must encounter the special circumstances such as Changes in weather, Heavy Rain of Typhoon in place, and
When take corresponding measure, it is necessary to so that the influence degree of yield and quality is reduced to minimum point.Broadcasting for seed farm parent is determined that below
It kind of time and planting patterns, sowing row ratio, density, flower synchronization prediction and the work such as adjusts, rogue the weak and be specifically addressed.
5, the method for improving hybrid Chinese pennisetum parental stock (sterile line) production yields
(1) it begins sowing in good time
According to the weather conditions of Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province locality, in conjunction with the case where the breeding time of parent, determine parent sowing and plantation
Time.In order to protect parental seed quality, stubble is non-Chinese pennisetum planting site before seed farm will select.In order to improve setting percentage, male parent
Maintainer is usually first broadcast, and is sowed within maternal slow 3-7 days.For example annual male parent, maternal sowing time can be：Male parent May 1,
Maternal May 6.Because seed seed is small, kind thin skin is easily emerged, but seedling is tiny, and the native ability in top is weak, thus pays attention to when sowing shallow
Earthing, and upper soll layer soil moisture is kept, in case soil hardening influences emergence.
(2) father, maternal row when planting density
According to the feature combination cultivation management condition of parents, determine that Parent plants row ratio, general male parent is tall and big, flower
Powder density is big, and the florescence is long, and how much planting of maternal line number will have a direct impact on hybrid seed yield, is proved from production practices, male parent,
Maternal line number ratio is 2：10, area ratio is 1：5.Male parent, maternal line-spacing are：40㎝；Male parent spacing in the rows：30 ㎝, female parent strain away from：40
㎝, at this time hybrid seed yield highest.
(3) father, maternal science fertilizer and water management
All it is the measure for improving cenospecies yield and quality to the fertilizer and water management of father, maternal science, for yield,
Male-sterile seed is solid both from paternal pollen outcrossing, and maternal outcrossing seed-setting rate height takes on the basis of flower synchronization
The size of density is certainly supplied in paternal pollen, then setting percentage is high greatly for pollen density, and the small corresponding setting percentage of pollen density is with regard to low.Together
When, maternal fringe is then solid just more greatly, and fringe is small then solid just few.And for male-sterile seed quality, father, female parent are supplied in rich water
Should it is suitable in the case of, plant will health and strengthen, paternal pollen ability is good, embryo, seed healthy development and it is solid, just can guarantee kind
Protonatomic mass basis.Therefore, when Parent nutrient growth manages, base fertilizer is used sufficient, according to soil fertility and plant growth condition,
Chemical fertilizer suitably is imposed, mainly spreads fertilizer over the fields urea；Pay special attention to the color of observation Parent plant leaf, when blade turns yellow, generally
Belong to fertilizer deficiency phenomenon, to apply eccentric fertilizer, mainly spread fertilizer over the fields urea, fertilizer application amount is 10 ㎏/mu, and only in this way male parent is close in field pollen
Degree is just big, pollen development is healthy and strong, and female parent is bloomed normally, and pollination setting percentage is high.
(4) flower synchronization control technique
Just right parent's flower synchronization is the key that obtain higher seed production.When florescence depends on the sowing of parent
Between, to ensure that parents' florescence synchronizes, maternal florescence should adjust the loose powder period in male parent, and such setting percentage is just high.Therefore,
Will according to meteorologic factor at that time, situations such as parents' blade is in progress in time, look-ahead, and adopt an effective measure and adjust flower in time
Phase, it is ensured that the florescence meets entirely, concrete measure：Fluorescent lamp is installed and adjusts light application time, the slow parent of induced flowering is bloomed as early as possible.Effectively
Method can carry out prediction parent's florescence according to maternal leaf age number, ear within 7-10 days after general boot leaf extraction, can award within 3-5 days
Powder, loose powder.
(5) adhere to roguing the weak, ensure seed purity
Roguing the weak for seed farm is the important link for improving cenospecies quality.After emergence, timely seedling thinning, final singling promote to divide
Tiller.Sterile lines seed making, regardless of maternal source, more or less there is also have hybrid strain, especially variant in field.To ensure kind
Sub- purity will adhere to cleaning, generally be carried out 3 times during fertility in process of production, the 1st time in seedling stage combine final singling, will be bad miscellaneous
Strain is removed, and goes thoroughly reduce later impurity elimination workload and ensure seed farm stays seedling number, improve seed yield；Be for 2nd time
After jointing, it will grow that tall and big, luxuriant, tiller is more, stalk is sturdy, and the special maternal hybrid strain of growing way is pulled out；3rd time is after heading
When positive value is bloomed, check in maternal row whether there is loose powder plant in time, this of short duration phase is very crucial, it is necessary to repeatedly examine repeatedly
Look into, adhere to carrying out impurity elimination before 10 points of every morning, once find to have yellow, full anther strain fringe, whole strain to pull out immediately.
(6) positive artificial pollination improves male-sterile seed setting percentage
Production practices prove that sterile line setting percentage is high, then hybrid seed yield is high, and seed purity is high.Artificial pollination can make male parent
Pollen flicks height and is uniformly distributed and is dispersed on maternal fringe column cap, makes that paternal pollen can be obtained in maternal row everywhere, improves hybridization
Setting percentage.Artificial pollination is generally in every morning 8:00-10:00 carries out, and when fine, can utilize backpack blowing
Forest fire extinguisher, the fringe against male parent sweep blowing, and pollen is just dispelled in maternal row, and pollen is made uniformly to fall in maternal column cap
Upper and surrounding, ensures the pollination of column cap versatility, to improve setting percentage, increases yield.Artificial pollination can also use bamboo
Pole catches up with powder, but bamboo pole catches up with powder preferably to be carried out in bright day gas and have wind in the case of, and such paternal pollen plays higher
And dispersion is again uniform.
(7) pay attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and bird pest of seed farm
A, the few disease pest harm of parent during fertility, but it is still very high in seed grouting, maturity period temperature, and sometimes
Rainy weather is encountered again.The anther of a large amount of abortions can be formed a thick layer of on maternal fringe, closely applied and do not taken off in the periphery of fringe
It falls, become mould mass propagation place causes percentage of seedgermination to reduce since mould is infected.Mould can make the entire seed of seed
Grain is mouldy, pink, completely loses its economic value, seriously affects the yield and quality of seed.Therefore, in order to ensure to plant
The yield and quality of son will be paid special attention to prevent mildew, can utilize the fungicide such as carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, Mancozeb
Prevention repeatedly is sprayed in grouting period, in conjunction with manually in fine day, dry tassel is dried in the morning using the sun, afternoon is artificial with sweeping
Broom carries out anther on cleaning fringe, better in this way, can just better ensure that the quality of seed.In addition, cenospecies seed is containing sugar
Amount is higher, and sugariness is big, thus in grouting parameter fringe portion often by the moth stem snout moth's larva harm of pearl chestnut, it should be noted that observation is sprayed in time
Spread insecticide control.
B, because grouting period sugar content is high, and the paddy in farmland has been gathered in and has been finished at this time, and sparrow acts recklessly, can in groups
That bands together searches for food to seed farm cenospecies, if do not taken anti-bird measure, may result in yield degradation, and bird searches for food
The slurry of the tassel crossed, seed outflow can go mouldy, and be also easy induction mildew influences quality to reduce percentage of seedgermination.Then miscellaneous
It hands in kind of seed production process, strictly to carry out anti-bird measure, formulate specific, effective anti-bird scheme.It is obtained in production practices
Conclusion, using galvanized pipe, it is most effective anti-bird measure to build anti-bird net, it can be ensured that seed production and quality are unaffected.
(8) the maternal plant pustulation period ensures adequate water
Since female parent is in the pustulation period, very big moisture is needed.In production process, it should be noted that observation maternal plant growing state
And soil moisture, ensure that enough moisture supplies are maternal and absorb, be in the milk, just can ensure that the plumpness of hybrid seed, seed are satisfied
Full scale is good, has enough nutrition to be conducive to germination.Therefore reinforce grouting period management, mainly ensure that water, fertilizer are sufficient, to drench in time
Water, soil moisture ensure water content 45-50%, and plant ensures dark green, the phenomenon that without yellow leaf and insect pest, can promote to plant
The plumpness of son, it is particularly important to the yield and quality that improve male-sterile seed.
(9) fine day is selected, seed is harvested in time, drying, threshing, cleans
25 days or so selection fine days gather in time generally after pollination.Fringe is cut after seed maturity in time, is wanted after seed harvesting
Single receipts, single solarization, individually the tool used is being transported, tedding and harvested to storage, different cultivars, it is necessary to and it cleans out, is strictly isolated,
It prevents from artificially mixing, fully be dried on the threshing ground of the no other American pennisetum alopecuroides seeds of guarantee using autumn abundance sunlight.Delay
Harvesting meeting seed is too ripe, seed hulls blackening, to influence seed appearance and yield.After fringe drying is dry, timely threshing, carries out machine
Before tool is cleaned, but machinery is cleaned, equipment don't fail to be cleaned up, prevents mechanical admixture.
(10) the male-sterile seed quality control method stored
It, will also be to the sterile line kind that is put in storage before male-sterile seed storage other than carrying out the processing such as purification of seeds, drying
Son, maintainer male parent are carried out label and are separately stored, and sampling inspection, the wherein moisture of seed, cleanliness and germination percentage three are carried out at the same time
It could be taken care of into library after item qualified.Meanwhile the male-sterile seed produced every time will be indicated with label kind, production when
Between, seed quality situation.
By the above method, obtain as maternal American pennisetum alopecuroides male-sterile seed, the per mu yield of seed is 260-
The indices of 340kg, seed are：Purity 96%, cleanliness 99%, germination percentage >=85%, moisture≤8%.
Two, the production of hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed
It is the American pennisetum alopecuroides sterile line being prepared with step 1 is female parent that nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, with precocity as
Grass is the F1 generation inter-species Triploid that male parent is formulated.It combines the high yield of parent, high-quality and strong resistance feature,
It is planted in the torrid zone and warm temperate zone area, efficiently solves the contradiction of aquaculture summer High Temperature phase shortage greenfeed.Due to being three
Times body, the Chinese pennisetum interspecific hybrid of previous Commercial cultivation bring trouble to production, improve life only with asexual propagation of seed stock
Produce cost.For this purpose, in the free flowering Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province of male parent napier grass energy, the Flowering Characteristics of hybrid strain are had studied, it is proposed that from
Right seeding technique produces cenospecies and for producing.Now seed production key technology is summarized as follows.
1, the feature of hybrid strain
(1) male parent napier grass is hot belt type high yield herbage, Pennisetum, chromosome number 2n=28.Plant is tall and big, up to 3~
3.5m, the system of fibrous root are flourishing；Stem is grown thickly, and uprightly, tiller is more, usually has more than 50, single plant is more when cultivating；Loose circular cone flower
Sequence, pollen amount is big, and the florescence is long, is conducive to preparing hybrid kind；Seed is small, and with falling, germination percentage is low with ripe, generally uses stem section or rhizome
Carry out vegetative propagation.
Male parent is the short day crop to light sensitive, can only normally be bloomed in 28 ° of areass to the south of north latitude, and completion was given birth to
Journey, northern area must give short photoperiod induction, be possible to bloom, and complete growing process.
The weather of happiness warm moist under 0 DEG C or so of temperature condition, may freeze to death intolerant to cold, thus in latitude phase
To higher area, it is necessary to overwintering on protecting field.Grass yield is higher, can directly be utilized for aquaculture, but poor quality, crude protein
Content is low.As and biological yield height, the good American pennisetum alopecuroides preparing hybrid kind of quality, just can obtain take into account parents, it is high-quality, high
Production and the strong cenospecies of resistance.Have seed, seed (F1) can be used to breed, with previous hybrid Chinese pennisetum kind of a root, seedling stem without
Sexual reproduction is compared, and is reduced trouble, and reproductive-cost is reduced.
(2) maternal sterile line is nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction type sterile line, chromosome number 2n=14.Plant type is compact, and stalk is upright, grows thickly,
Tiller 3~5, plant height about 2m.In the North Sea production of hybrid seeds, growth course shortens, and plant becomes short.Per fringe, there are about 2500~3000 seeds
It is real, seed taupe, mass of 1000 kernel about 6g.Seed is small, and the native ability in seedling top is weak, so should be noted that shallow earthing when sowing, and keeps
High humidity.The maternal speed of growth is fast, and biological yield is high, and quality is good, is kind of interior, interspecific hybridization a good female parent material.
2, the Flowering Characteristics of parent
The fringe of blooming of male parent napier grass is divided into two kinds of tiller (master) fringe and branched ear.Branched ear is falling by the main fringe of each tiller
2 to developing in 5 axils, and panicle, general one plant of napier grass has 40~50 inflorescence loose powder, even more.In north
Extra large flowering naturally, the florescence is long, and main fringe and branched ear florescence about continue 50~60 days.Loose powder peak is second after group's heading
It starts, and lasts about 30 days.
The florescence of male parent is relatively stable, extends to the coming year 2 months in the North Sea, but must transplant or cut before mid-August
The stem section cut.The stem section current year transplanted or cradled behind does not bloom, row nutrient growth, until next year same time is opened
Flower.Illustrate that male parent napier grass must have certain growth and development stage, could bloom in current year heading, complete growing process.
Maternal American pennisetum alopecuroides sterile line is dense spike panicle, is in candle shape, and long 15~20cm, main shaft is hard, close
Raw pubescence, 2~3 small ears are twin to be had one on the cob of handle, inside has 2 flowers, a unisexuality female flower to have 3 pieces of dry not plump anther, no flower
Powder, high temperature and drought, Pollen life-span is short, on the contrary then grow.In the North Sea, high temperature and drought weather conditions so that the florescence is short and concentrates, single plant
1~2 day service life, group's service life also only have 2~3 days.Nevertheless, after the main fringe flowering asynchronism of tiller, it is rapid that a fraction occurs
Branch fringe and second branch fringe, equally can be with the male parent production of hybrid seeds.
Maternal growth and development is fast, and the number of days bloomed from sowing to heading is 60~70 days, 65.2 days average, the coefficient of variation
3.8%.Since breeding time is short, growth and development is fast, and plant is short and small, and tiller is few, and fringe is small, and the florescence is short, flower during these produce seed
Phase meets, and it is all unfavorable to improve seed production.
3, hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed high-yield culture technique
(1) planting technology of parent
It is cultivated and is managed according to hybrid seed production technology regulation.To ensure that seed purity, seed farm will select
There is no the growing area of other napier grasses or American pennisetum alopecuroides within 500m, in order to avoid string powder.Maternal male-sterile seed is small, and bud scale is short, top
Native ability is weak, so site preparation is fine, when sowing shallow earthing, thickness of earth covering 2.5-3.5cm, earth's surface keeps 50-60% aqueous
Amount, prevents ground hardened, is conducive to emergence；Female parent will be broadcast live, and the seedling stem or root of male parent will be transplanted, then moved prior to female parent
Plant maternal seedling.Since maternal plant is short and small, tiller is few, and male parent is tall and big, in great numbers, easily causes to cover the strongly fragrant of female parent, but father
This pollen dissipated since plant is tall and big and field (pollen) covering surface is also big, for reduce it is strongly fragrant cover, parent's line space 1.5~
2.0m, configuration mode are 1-2 row male parents, and 25-30 rows are maternal, and the two occupied area ratio is 1: 15, male parent distance between rows and hills be 50cm ×
25cm, density are 7.5~90,000 plants/hm2, maternal distance between rows and hills is 40cm × 15cm, and density is 150,000 plants/hm2。
(2) parent's florescence control technology
First, male parent napier grass is cradled or transplants, precocious male parent blooms the loose powder phase about in the 11-12 months, the mainly main fringe of tiller
Loose powder, pollen amount is big, is pollination optimum period.The florescence of maternal American pennisetum alopecuroides is broadcasting latter two moon.To make Parent synchronize out
Flower, it is necessary to select maternal sterile line to be sowed for September early and middle ten days, the transplanting time of male parent is mid-July, alternatively, being cradled in early August
Once.To improve seed production, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when necessary.
(3) field management
In Beihai Region, male parent and female parent make base fertilizer with farm manure, 1000-1500 kilograms per acre, and male parent plants 20-30
After it, 25-32 kgs/acre of composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields when sowing site preparation.Maternal growth period is very short, mainly utilizes seed manure, top dressing also will be
It gives birth to early period (when i.e. female parent is grown -30 days 25 days), additional 8-10 kilograms of urea is per acre.After emergence, timely seedling thinning final singling promotes
Tiller, the roguing in strict adherence hybridization maternal seedling stage and its florescence, it is ensured that seed purity.And pay attention to the anti-bird of insect prevention.
(4) flower synchronization control technique
The yield determinant of cenospecies is to synchronize at the florescence of parent, and it is just right to meet, and has wind along with fine,
No rainwater interference, seed-setting rate is high, and yield is just high, otherwise impact yield.It, can be according to female parent in parent's florescence slightly gap
Leaf age is small regulation and control.Ear within 7-10 days after general boot leaf extraction, can pollinate within 3-5 days, loose powder.
(5) adhere to hybridizing maternal roguing, it is ensured that seed purity：It carries out 3 times during fertility, ties in seedling stage for the 1st time
Final singling is closed, bad hybrid strain is removed；It is for 2nd time that will grow that tall and big, luxuriant, tiller is more after jointing, stalk is sturdy, and growing way is special
Maternal hybrid strain pull out；3rd time is to check in maternal row whether there is loose powder plant in time after heading when blooming, it is necessary to
Repeatedly to check repeatedly, adhere to carrying out impurity elimination before 10 points of every morning, once find to have yellow, full anther strain fringe,
Whole strain is pulled out immediately.
(6), in order to obtain higher seed production, in addition to being pollinated using wind-force natural propagation pollen, when fine,
Artificial supplementary pollination is also very necessary, and specific method is every morning 8:00-10:00, the forest extinguishing of backpack can be utilized
Device, the fringe against male parent sweep blowing, and pollen envelop dispels around maternal plant, increase pollen and fall the machine in maternal column cap
Meeting ensures being pollinated, being solid for column cap versatility；Can also male parent fringe head manually be beaten using bamboo pole, loose powder makes its female parent receive
Pollinia, it is solid.
(7) seed harvest, processing and storage technique
During fertility, management of weeds endangers parent's growth.Before seed harvest, anti-bird net or trapping bird are set, carried out
The prevention of bird pest.
Hybrid strain bloom, pollinate, being in the milk and the seed maturity stage, happen the weather conditions of high temperature and humidity, exacerbate
It the breeding of mould and infects.Fungal species have the fungies such as gibberella.To reduce germination percentage forfeiture and preventing from continuing to pollute, in sowing
Afterwards, before storage, mould net or 0.1%~0.5% Sukeling distinguishes seed soaking using 1%~2% line, test of many times proves
Its germination percentage improves 12%~15%, carbendazim is also improved the good result of germination percentage than the control not handled.This pilot scale,
To improve seed utilization rate, application rate is reduced, commercial seed coating and sowing seeds technology are started.
Per mu yield using above-mentioned hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed high yield cultivating method hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed is 45-55kg, kind
Son indices be：Purity 85%, cleanliness 95%, germination percentage >=70%, moisture≤13%.
2 nation of embodiment obtains No. 1 (trade name) hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method
Nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, to be formulated as male parent using precocious napier grass for female parent with American pennisetum alopecuroides sterile line
F1 generation inter-species Triploid.It combines the high yield of parent, high-quality and strong resistance feature, in tropical and warm temperate zone
Area is planted, and efficiently solves the contradiction of aquaculture summer High Temperature phase shortage greenfeed.
One, type of seeding and requirement
Nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, has flourishing root system, needs there are one deep soil layer, 30 centimetres of general tilling depth,
Hack site preparation rakes, harrows thin sowing.
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum only in the case of high nitrogen fertilizer, can just give full play to its productive potentialities.Test table
It is bright：On the soil of better-than-average fertility, before sowing, purity nitrogen (chemical fertilizer) 20-25kg, or application of organic fertilizers per acre are applied per acre
1000-2000 kilograms of (farm manure), along with suitable chemical fertilizer makees top dressing, in the case where plant leaf turns to be yellow, top dressing is main
It is urea, by 10 ㎏/mu top dressing, larger effect of increasing production could be obtained.
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum and is sowed with seed, and fine site preparation is wanted in crop field, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River in 23-28 in March
It number can be sowed, suitable for sowing 18-25 DEG C of temperature, application rate is 0.8-1 kilograms per acre, using drilling, line-spacing 60-
80cm.After planting mulching soil 1-2cm, before emergence, soil moisture need to be maintained at 45%-60%, to ensure full stand.
Two, cultivation management
, can be primary using chemical fertilizer when growth of seedling goes out 3-4 blades, 5-8 kilograms of urea is applied per acre；Tiller is advanced
In the ranks seedling, field planting, by strain, line-spacing：45cm × 75cm is colonized, and combines tillage and weeding, ridging, to promote plant tillering, is increased
Plant tillering number, to improve plant grass yield.The area of phosphorus is lacked in soil, 15-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate is applied per acre, makees base
Fertilizer application.Fertilising can not only improve yield, but also can improve the nutritional quality of herbage, with the increase of dose, plant
The content of crude protein is also correspondingly improved.Therefore, top dressing is carried out after cradling every time, just seems extremely important.Top dressing is every time per acre
Using 8-12 kilograms of urea.
Nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, has zinc certain sensibility, soil zinc deficiency blade usually occur and whiten, can be by
The solution of zinc sulfate of 0.05-0.1%, it is primary every spray in 7-10 days, it sprays 2-3 times, disease resistance is strong under normal circumstances.
It is slower that nation obtains No. 1 cenospecies seedling growth, therefore early stage weeding is particularly significant.As temperature gos up, hybridize wolf tail
Grass growth is accelerated, and Feng Hanghou weeds are then suppressed.Although hybrid Chinese pennisetum drought tolerance is stronger, arid can also influence yield, institute
To only have rich water sufficient, its productive potentialities is just played.It is suitable to cradle the rear height for the stubble left, it is too high or too low all to influence regeneration and production
Amount.The general suitable height for the stubble left is 5-7 centimetres, after cradling every time, could be promoted in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging
Plant continues tiller, improves the grass yield of unit area fresh grass.
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum will be cut stubble comprehensively before passing the winter, and warming arrange is taken in colder area
It applies, after having cut stubble, soil, straw, cow dung envelope row can be utilized, do not allow careless stubble head open country face, to prevent being frozen, and by imposing per acre
The main ingredient of 20-30 kilograms of composite fertilizer, composite fertilizer is nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 8%, potassium 10%, and to lay in nutrient, plant to be planted is in the coming year
Preferably budding, tiller, growth when the beginning of spring.
Optimization cultivation condition is：
One, type of seeding and requirement
Nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, has flourishing root system, needs there are one deep soil layer, 30 centimetres of general tilling depth,
Hack site preparation rakes, harrows thin sowing.
On the soil of better-than-average fertility, before sowing, 2000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers (farm manure), is added appropriate per acre
Chemical fertilizer make top dressing, in the case where plant leaf turns to be yellow, top dressing is mainly urea, by 10 ㎏/mu top dressing, could be obtained larger
Effect of increasing production.
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum and is sowed with seed, and fine site preparation is wanted in crop field, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River March 28
It can be sowed, i.e., suitable for sowing 18-25 DEG C of temperature, application rate is 1 kilogram per acre, using drilling, line-spacing 60cm.After planting
Mulching soil 2cm, before emergence, soil moisture need to be maintained at 45%, to ensure full stand.
Two, cultivation management
, can be primary using chemical fertilizer when growth of seedling goes out 4 blades, 8 kilograms of urea are applied per acre；Tiller is advanced in the ranks
Seedling, field planting, by strain, line-spacing：45cm × 75cm is colonized, and combines tillage and weeding, ridging, to promote plant tillering, increases plant
Tiller number, to improve plant grass yield.The area of phosphorus is lacked in soil, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate is applied per acre, makees base manure application.
Fertilising can not only improve yield, but also can improve the nutritional quality of herbage, with the increase of dose, plant crude protein
Content is also correspondingly improved.Therefore, top dressing is carried out after cradling every time, just seems extremely important.Top dressing applies 12,000 per acre every time
Gram urea.
Nation, which obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum, has zinc certain sensibility, soil zinc deficiency blade usually occur and whiten, can be by
0.1% solution of zinc sulfate, it is primary every spray in 10 days, it sprays 2 times, disease resistance is strong under normal circumstances.
It is slower that nation obtains No. 1 cenospecies seedling growth, therefore early stage weeding is particularly significant.As temperature gos up, hybridize wolf tail
Grass growth is accelerated, and Feng Hanghou weeds are then suppressed.Although hybrid Chinese pennisetum drought tolerance is stronger, arid can also influence yield, institute
To only have rich water sufficient, its productive potentialities is just played.It is suitable to cradle the rear height for the stubble left, it is too high or too low all to influence regeneration and production
Amount.The general suitable height for the stubble left is 7 centimetres, after cradling every time, could be promoted to plant in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging
Strain continues tiller, improves the grass yield of unit area fresh grass.
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum will be cut stubble comprehensively before passing the winter, and warming arrange is taken in colder area
It applies, after having cut stubble, soil, straw, cow dung envelope row can be utilized, do not allow careless stubble head open country face, to prevent being frozen, and by imposing per acre
The main ingredient of 30 kilograms of composite fertilizer, composite fertilizer is nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 8%, potassium 10%, and to lay in nutrient, plant to be planted is opened in the coming year
Preferably budding, tiller, growth when spring.
Three, feeding value
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum nutritional ingredient and other napier grass comparing results are as shown in table 1.
1 nation of table obtains the chemical composition (%DM) of No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum and napier grass
Nation obtains No. 1 hybrid Chinese pennisetum in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River per mu yield up to 15 tons, in South China up to 18 tons.For grass
Phase is long, and in south China up to 300 days or more, before and after early June, fresh grass is answered until being available for by the end of October.Crude protein content is higher,
Hay crude protein content 9.95%.Hybrid Chinese pennisetum is mainly cradled to be utilized with ensilage, can also make grazing utilization.Blueness is raised
Clipping dates mainly according to feeding object depending on, feed herbvore big domestic animal, 1.3 meters or so of plant height can cradle, adaptability
Preferably, whole year can cradle 5-7 times.Greenfeed as the small livestock and poultry such as rabbit, goose or fish is cradled in 70-100 centimetres of plant height,
Most of is blade, tender palatable, while being conducive to regenerate after cradling again, and general whole year can cradle 8-10 times.It is tried according to foster grass carp
It tests：Every 25 kilograms of fresh grass, can produce 1.5 kilograms of fresh fish, and the greenfeed that can also make pig utilizes.It raises the green of hybrid Chinese pennisetum modulation
Material, color palatability aspect is preferable, since the yield of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is high, the growing pullets under high temperature, liquid manure sufficiency
Soon, and quality is good, at this time such as fresh grass feeding surplus, ensiling can be given over to, in case winter feeds.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. hybrid Chinese pennisetum high yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) it sows：Base manure is applied before sowing；And
(2) cultivation management：
The cultivation management includes at least following steps：
A, thinning, field planting；
B, seedling stage carries out weeding；
C, ensure rich water abundance；
D, rear toothing is cradled, after cradling every time, in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging；
E, it carries out cutting stubble comprehensively before passing the winter.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：
It in step (1), is sowed on the soil of better-than-average fertility, before sowing, applies purity nitrogen fertilizer 20kg-25kg per acre, or
Organic farm manure 1000-2000kg is applied per acre, and carries out top dressing appropriate；In the case where plant leaf turns to be yellow, mainly chase after
Nitrogen fertilizer application；
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum is sowed with seed, and sowing temperature is 18-25 DEG C, and application rate is 0.8-1 kilograms per acre, using drilling, row
Away from 60-80cm；
During step (2) cultivation management,
A, primary using chemical fertilizer when growth of seedling goes out 3-4 blades, 5-8 kilograms of urea is applied per acre；Tiller is advanced in the ranks
Seedling, field planting, and combine tillage and weeding, ridging；Top dressing is carried out after cradling every time, every time 8-12 kilograms of urea of top dressing per acre；
B, seedling stage carries out weeding；
C, ensure rich water abundance；
D, it is 5-7 centimetres to cradle the rear height for the stubble left, after cradling every time, in conjunction with top dressing and tillage and weeding, ridging；
E, it carries out cutting stubble comprehensively before passing the winter.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：It is main in the case where plant leaf turns to be yellow in step (1)
Urea is imposed, 10kg/ mus of urea is imposed.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In step (1), hybrid Chinese pennisetum after planting mulching soil 1-
2cm, before emergence, soil moisture need to be maintained at 45%-60%.
5. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In the A of step (2), by strain, line-spacing：45cm × 75cm is fixed
It plants.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that：In the A of step (2), the area of phosphorus is lacked in soil, is applied per acre
With 15-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, make base manure application.
7. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In the A of step (2), when soil zinc deficiency causes blade to whiten,
The solution of zinc sulfate for preparing 0.05-0.1wt%, it is primary every spray in 7-10 days, it sprays 2-3 times.
8. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In the E of step (2), to be taken in colder area
Warming measure after having cut stubble, carries out envelope row, does not allow careless stubble head open country face, and by imposing 20-30 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre.
9. according to claim 2-8 any one of them methods, it is characterised in that：It is described when imposing composite fertilizer, the master of composite fertilizer
It is nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 8%, potassium 10% to want composition.
10. the hybrid Chinese pennisetum being prepared using claim 1-9 any one of them methods.
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| CN115316198A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-11 | 云南林业职业技术学院 | Pennisetum artificial planting method |
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| CN102388741A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Pennisetum hybrid planting method and method for jointly producing marsh gas by using Pennisetum hybrid as raw material |
| CN103109675A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-22 | 雷学军 | Quick-growing high-yield and high-efficiency carbon-catching cultivation method of pennisetum alopecuroides and pennisetum purpureum schumach |
| CN104472170A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Water-cultivation dry-cultivation high-yield cultivation method for pennisetum americanum |
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| CN102265749A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-07 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for promoting wintering rate of pennisetum alopecuroides |
| CN102388741A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Pennisetum hybrid planting method and method for jointly producing marsh gas by using Pennisetum hybrid as raw material |
| CN103109675A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-22 | 雷学军 | Quick-growing high-yield and high-efficiency carbon-catching cultivation method of pennisetum alopecuroides and pennisetum purpureum schumach |
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