CN112136836A - Application of organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases - Google Patents
Application of organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases Download PDFInfo
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- borne diseases
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000563903 Bacillus velezensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000879841 Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001503436 Plasmodiophora brassicae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588698 Erwinia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223221 Fusarium oxysporum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000004758 Bergkiefer Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000010450 Pino mugo Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001136577 Pinus mugo Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002914 Pinus uncinata Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000243786 Meloidogyne incognita Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011611 Pinus yunnanensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018652 Pinus yunnanensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000232299 Ralstonia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000813090 Rhizoctonia solani Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000082085 Verticillium <Phyllachorales> Species 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000000034 soilborne pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000243785 Meloidogyne javanica Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000000793 Pinus armandii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011612 Pinus armandii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011610 Pinus tabuliformis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, and discloses application of an organic carbon fertilizer in control of crop soil-borne diseases and a method for controlling the crop soil-borne diseases. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, good prevention and control effect on soil-borne diseases of crops, environmental protection and the like. The method can realize continuous and effective prevention and control of the soil-borne diseases of the crops, and simultaneously improves the utilization rate of agricultural wastes, so that the economical efficiency of agricultural production and the income of farmers are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, in particular to application of an organic carbon fertilizer in control of crop soil-borne diseases and a method for controlling the crop soil-borne diseases.
Background
The crop soil-borne diseases have the characteristics of high propagation speed, difficult prevention and control and high death rate after the plants are infected, are called as crop cancers, can cause 20-90 percent of serious yield reduction of crops, and are very unfavorable for the agricultural economic development. In addition, once the soil-borne diseases occur, the ecological environment is greatly damaged besides economic loss, and the method is the first biological disaster of sustainable development of agricultural ecology. Therefore, the research and development of effective soil-borne disease control measures have important significance for agricultural crop production in China and the world.
In a modern agricultural planting system, due to excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides and the adoption of a production mode of single crop continuous cropping, the soil microbial community structure and function are disordered, pathogenic bacteria in soil are easily increased rapidly, and thus soil-borne disease outbreak is caused. However, in the prior art, the methods for controlling soil-borne diseases are generally rotation, soil disinfection and drug application, which not only require additional economic investment (such as purchasing required drugs, re-planning fields and arrangement of related facilities according to different crops during rotation, etc.), but also have limited control effect, and the use of some drugs may further damage the environment. Therefore, at present, no method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases, which is sustainable, effective, economical and environment-friendly, exists. Therefore, a novel, green and economic method which can continuously and effectively prevent and control the soil-borne diseases of crops and realize sustainable agricultural development is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem that no method capable of effectively and continuously preventing and controlling the soil-borne diseases of crops exists in the prior art, and provides the application of the organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and controlling the soil-borne diseases of the crops.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides, in one aspect, an application of an organic carbon fertilizer for controlling soil-borne diseases of crops.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling soil-borne diseases in crops, the method comprising applying an organic carbon fertilizer to the soil.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost, environmental protection, simple preparation method and good prevention and control effect on the soil-borne diseases of the crops, and can effectively solve the problems that the prevention and control effect on the soil-borne diseases of the crops is not good or the continuous prevention and control can not be realized by the existing method;
(2) the method for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops, provided by the invention, is simple and feasible, does not generate adverse effects on environmental safety, and can promote sustainable development of agricultural production
(3) The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention adopts agricultural wastes as main raw material sources, is low in cost, realizes the recycling of the agricultural wastes, and has positive significance for improving the total agricultural output and increasing the income of farmers.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the following detailed description is intended to illustrate and describe the contents of the present invention in detail, but not to limit the present invention.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The inventor of the invention skillfully discovers in the research process that the organic carbon fertilizer can improve the microbial community structure of soil, improve the proportion of beneficial strains in the soil and reduce and eliminate the quantity and proportion of harmful strains, thereby having positive effect on preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops.
The invention provides an application of organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the application comprises preventing the growth and spread of crop soil-borne pathogens to prevent disease development, and remediation of soil that has been contaminated with crop soil-borne pathogens to reduce crop production losses, and the like.
The application provided by the invention can be suitable for controlling any crop soil-borne disease pathogen which can be detected and identified in the field. For example, fungi (such as Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, etc.), bacteria (such as Ralstonia solani, etc.), and nematodes (such as Meloidogyne incognita, etc.) that cause soil-borne diseases in crops.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pathogens responsible for the crop plant soil-borne diseases comprise: at least one of Plasmodiophora brassicae (brassica), fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (fusarium oxysporum f.sp.) and konjac soft rot (erwinia arovora pv. carotovora).
The application provided by the invention can be suitable for preventing and treating the existing crop soil-borne diseases in any field. For example, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber blight, eggplant blight, root rot, blight, gray mold, damping-off and damping-off (seedling death), etc.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crop soil-borne disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of clubroot of cruciferae, banana vascular wilt and konjac soft rot.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic carbon fertilizer contains cow dung and pine needles, and the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1:1-30 on a dry matter basis.
Any cow dung or pine needles which can be used for preparing the organic carbon fertilizer in the prior art can be suitable for the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention.
In view of the development requirement of ecological cycle agriculture, comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes, convenience of the preparation process of the organic carbon fertilizer and the like, the invention also provides a preferable embodiment of the invention, wherein the cow dung is selected from fresh cow dung.
Preferably, the water content in the cow dung is 60-90 wt%.
Preferably, the cow dung has an organic carbon content of 30-60 wt% and a total nitrogen content of 1-5 wt% on a dry matter basis.
More preferably, the cow dung has an organic carbon content of 35-45 wt% and a total nitrogen content of 1-3 wt% on a dry matter basis.
In view of the difficulty of raw material collection, cost, convenience of the organic carbon fertilizer preparation process and the like, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pine needles are selected from air-dried pine needles, preferably air-dried mountain pine needles.
Any mountain pine needle may be suitable for use in the present invention, and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pine needle is selected from naturally falling mountain pine needles. The mountain pine can be any existing mountain pine variety, such as Yunnan pine, Pinus armandii, and the like. The pine needles can be naturally air-dried pine needles or collected and automatically dried. Preferably, the moisture content of the pine needles is 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably 1 to 2 wt%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1:1-30, preferably 1: 5-20, more preferably 1: 5-16. For example, it may be 1: 5. 1: 5.5, 1: 6. 1: 6.5, 1: 7. 1: 7.5, 1: 8. 1: 8.5, 1: 9. 1: 9.5, 1: 10. 1: 10.5, 1: 11. 1: 11.5, 1: 12. 1: 12.5, 1: 13. 1: 13.5, 1: 14. 1: 14.5, 1: 15. 1: 15.5, 1: 16, or any intermediate value thereof.
In order to further improve the control effect of the organic carbon fertilizer on soil-borne diseases, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic carbon fertilizer may further include an auxiliary material.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt%, preferably 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the adjuvant is selected from adjuvant a and/or adjuvant B.
The auxiliary material A has the function of improving the fertilizer efficiency of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in soil, and any auxiliary material with the functions can be applied to the organic carbon fertilizer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary material a is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonia fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, and a phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary material A is 1-3 wt%, preferably 1-2 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
The auxiliary material B has the function of improving the control capability of the crop soil-borne diseases, and particularly for the soil with the crop soil-borne diseases, the addition of the auxiliary material B can further improve the inhibition capability of the organic carbon fertilizer on the crop soil-borne disease pathogens in the soil. Any of the adjuvants known in the art having the above-mentioned functions can be suitably used in the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary material B is selected from bacillus belgii and/or bacillus methylotrophicus.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary material B is 0.1-2 wt%, preferably 0.5-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling soil-borne diseases in crops, the method comprising applying an organic carbon fertilizer to the soil.
Any organic carbon fertilizer existing in the field can be applied to the method provided by the invention. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic carbon fertilizer used is the organic carbon fertilizer described above, and the specific components thereof are not described herein again.
The method provided by the invention can be applied to the control of any crop soil-borne disease pathogen which can be detected and identified in the prior art. For example, fungi (such as Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, etc.), bacteria (such as Ralstonia solani, etc.), and nematodes (such as Meloidogyne incognita, etc.) that cause soil-borne diseases in crops.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pathogens responsible for the crop plant soil-borne diseases comprise: at least one of Plasmodiophora brassicae (brassica), fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (fusarium oxysporum f.sp.) and konjac soft rot (erwinia arovora pv. carotovora).
The application provided by the invention can be suitable for preventing and treating the existing crop soil-borne diseases in any field. For example, root knot nematode disease, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber blight, eggplant cotton blight, root rot, blight, gray mold, damping-off and damping-off (seedling death), etc.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crop soil-borne disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of clubroot of cruciferae, banana vascular wilt and konjac soft rot.
The method provided by the invention is characterized in that the dosage of the organic carbon fertilizer is 15000-30000 kg-hm-2。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is used at a frequency of 1 application per crop.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the method further comprises: composting the organic carbon fertilizer before application, wherein the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 50-70%, temperature of 60-75 deg.C, and time of 30-50 days.
More preferably, the composting conditions further comprise turning every 10-15 days during composting.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only intended to further illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the following examples, fresh cow dung was purchased from a cow breeding factory, and the air-dried pine needles were pine needles collected by themselves and dropped from mountain pine trees (such as Yunnan pine and Chinese pine), and urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and the like were all commercially available from regular chemical company. Bacillus belgii (with the preservation number CICC20025) and Bacillus methylotrophicus (with the preservation number CICC10140) were selected from China center for Industrial culture Collection of microorganisms. Wherein the mass fraction of N in the urea is 46 percent, and P in the calcium superphosphate2O516 percent of potassium sulfate K2The mass fraction of O is 50 percent, and the mass fraction of Bacillus belgii is 1.0 multiplied by 108CFU/g, Bacillus methylotrophicus 1.0 × 109CFU/gram. The organic carbon content in the fresh cow dung and the pine needles is measured by a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content is measured by a Kjeldahl method, and the main components are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 organic carbon fertilizer Material composition
| Organic carbon fertilizer material | Organic carbon (dry basis wt%) | Total nitrogen (% by weight on a dry basis) | Water (% by weight) |
| Fresh cow dung | 38.45 | 1.65 | 80.56 |
| Air-dried pine needle | 54.87 | 0.76 | 1.48 |
Example 1
500kg of fresh cow dung, 1500kg of air-dried pine needles and 20.55kg of urea are taken, then the materials are mixed and piled, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. Controlling the moisture content in the compost material to be 55 +/-5% and the temperature to be 65 +/-5 ℃ during composting. Turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. And composting for 40 days to obtain organic carbon fertilizer A1.
Example 2
500kg of fresh cow dung, 1000kg of air-dried pine needles and 13.55kg of urea are taken, and then the materials are mixed, piled and covered by plastic cloth after being piled. Controlling the moisture content in the compost materials to be 52 +/-5% and the temperature to be 70 +/-5 ℃ during the composting period, and turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day of the composting respectively. And composting for 35 days to obtain organic carbon fertilizer A2.
Example 3
500kg of fresh cow dung, 500kg of air-dried pine needles and 6.55kg of urea are taken, and then the materials are mixed and piled up, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. And in the composting period, the water content in the compost materials is controlled to be 60 +/-5%, the temperature is controlled to be 65 +/-5 ℃, the compost is turned over for 1 time in the 15 th day, and the composting lasts for 30 days. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer A3.
Example 4
The organic carbon fertilizer a1 in example 1 was mixed with an auxiliary material a in an amount of 1 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B1. The auxiliary material is a fertilizer additive prepared by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of N, P, K is 8:16: 26.
Example 5
The organic carbon fertilizer a1 in example 1 was mixed with an auxiliary material B in an amount of 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B2. The auxiliary material B is Bacillus belgii and Bacillus methylotrophicus in a weight ratio of 1: 1. In this embodiment, the weight of the auxiliary material B is calculated by the weight of the microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 1
The method of example 1 was followed except that the air-dried pine needles were replaced with an equal weight of fresh cow dung. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D1.
Comparative example 2
According to the method of the embodiment 1, except that the fresh cow dung is replaced by the air-dried pine needles with equal weight according to the proportion of the embodiment 1. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D2.
Comparative example 3
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 1770kg corn stover (dry matter content 83.45 wt%) was used in place of the air-dried pine needles. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D3.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 1650kg of barley straw (89.54 wt% dry matter) was used to replace the air-dried pine needles. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D4.
Comparative example 5
According to the method of the embodiment 4, except that the organic carbon fertilizer D1 is adopted to replace the organic carbon fertilizer A1, the organic carbon fertilizer B3 is obtained.
Comparative example 6
According to the method of the embodiment 4, except that the organic carbon fertilizer D2 is adopted to replace the organic carbon fertilizer A1, the organic carbon fertilizer B4 is obtained.
Comparative example 7
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that fresh cow dung was replaced with an equal weight (on a dry matter basis) of fresh pig dung (purchased from pig farms). Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D5. The main components of the fresh pig manure adopted in the comparative example are shown in table 2 (wherein the water content is calculated by the total weight of the fresh pig manure, and the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents are calculated by dry matters in the fresh pig manure) determined by a potassium dichromate external heating method and a Kjeldahl method.
TABLE 2 fresh pig manure composition
| Composition (I) | Content (wt%) |
| Organic carbon | 14.68 |
| Total nitrogen | 0.59 |
| Water (W) | 86.24 |
Test example 1
The organic carbon fertilizer in the above examples and comparative examples was applied to the soil surface before the crop was planted in the amount shown in table 3, and then plowed, with the frequency of use being 1 time per crop. Meanwhile, crops (2000 strains of rape, 110 strains of banana and 1000 strains of konjak) are planted in farmlands applied with the organic carbon fertilizer (treatment group) and farmlands not applied with the organic carbon fertilizer (control group), the disease occurrence condition is investigated in the harvest period, and the prevention and treatment effects are graded and calculated according to the following standards. The results are detailed in Table 3.
The research and grading standard of clubroot of cruciferae (rape):
level 0: no clubroot attachment;
level 1: the clubroot is only attached to the lateral roots, and the quantity of the clubroot accounts for 1 to 25 percent of the total root system;
and 2, stage: the main root is attached with the clubroot, and the number of the clubroot on the lateral root accounts for more than 25 percent of the total root system;
and 3, level: the main root is attached with clubroot, and the number of the clubroot accounts for 50 to 75 percent of the root system;
4, level: the main root has clubroot attached to it, and the number of clubroot accounts for more than 75%.
Investigation grading standard of banana wilt:
level 0: leaves are asymptomatic, and the tissue of the dissected bulbs and pseudostems is white, and is not browned, the roots are white and a few brown stains are generated.
Level 1: the leaf blades at the lower part 1-2 of the periphery have small-area yellow patches which account for less than 1/2 of the leaf area, or the browning area of the bulb tissue accounts for less than 1/4 of the bulb area, the pseudobulb tissue is not browned, and the root is browned.
And 3, level: the peripheral leaves have large yellow spots, which account for over 1/2 of the leaf area, the leaves have wilting, or the browning area of the bulb tissue accounts for 1/4-1/2 of the bulb area, the pseudobulb tissue has no browning, and some roots have browning.
And 5, stage: the leaf is yellow and withered and dead, the browned area of the bulb tissue accounts for about 1/2 of the bulb area, the upper part of the pseudobulb tissue is not browned, the lower part of the pseudobulb tissue has light brown spotted or brown streak lesion, the root is blackened and browned, and the plant is slightly wilted.
And 7, stage: the plant will wither and die, the bulb tissue above 1/2 turns brown or rot in the whole area, the pseudostem has brown strip lesion on the upper and lower parts, the base part is easy to break, shrink or rot, and the root is dark brown or has rotten root.
Survey grading standard of konjak soft rot:
level 0: has no disease symptoms.
Level 1: slight onset of disease (yellow leaf onset, incipient disease).
And 2, stage: moderate onset (large yellow area of the leaf, typical symptoms of the stalk leaf).
And 3, level: the whole plant is seriously yellow and withered or the plant is bent and even falls down.
The prevention and treatment effect is calculated by adopting the following two formulas:
disease index [ [ case plant number × representative number of stages) ]/((total plant number × highest representative value) ] × 100
The preventing and treating effect (%) is [ (disease index of control group-disease index of treatment group)/disease index of control group ] × 100%
TABLE 3 Experimental test conditions and results for the control effect of organic carbon fertilizer on soil-borne diseases of crops
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer comprises cow dung and pine needles, and the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1:1-30 on a dry matter basis;
and/or, the pathogens responsible for the crop plant soil-borne diseases include: at least one of Plasmodiophora brassicae (brassica), fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (fusarium oxysporum f.sp.) and konjac soft rot (erwinia arovora pv. carotovora).
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crop soil-borne disease is selected from at least one of clubroot of cruciferae, banana vascular wilt and konjac soft rot.
4. Use according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cow dung has a moisture content of 60-90% by weight;
and/or the moisture content in the pine needles is 1-10 wt%;
and/or, the cow dung contains 30-60 wt% of organic carbon and 1-5 wt% of total nitrogen by dry matter;
and/or, in the pine needles, the content of organic carbon is 50-60 wt% and the content of total nitrogen is 0.6-1 wt% in terms of dry matter.
5. The use according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles on a dry matter basis is 1: 5-20.
6. The use of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer further comprises an auxiliary material;
preferably, the content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the adjuvant is selected from adjuvant A and/or adjuvant B;
preferably, the auxiliary material A is selected from at least one of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer;
preferably, the auxiliary material B is selected from Bacillus belgii and/or Bacillus methylotrophicus;
preferably, the content of the auxiliary material A is 1-3 wt%, and the content of the auxiliary material B is 0.1-2 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
8. A method of controlling soil-borne diseases in crops, which comprises applying an organic carbon fertilizer to the soil.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer comprises cow dung and pine needles, and the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1:1-30 on a dry matter basis;
and/or, the pathogens responsible for the crop plant soil-borne diseases include: at least one of plasmodiophora brassicae, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense and konjac soft rot fungi;
preferably, the crop soil-borne disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of crucifer clubroot, banana vascular wilt and konjac soft rot.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is used in an amount of 15000-30000 kg-hm-2；
And/or the organic carbon fertilizer is applied for 1 time per crop at the use frequency;
preferably, the method further comprises: composting the organic carbon fertilizer before application, wherein the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 50-70%, temperature of 60-75 deg.C, and time of 30-50 days.
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| CN117024210B (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-12-29 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Microbial composition for preventing and treating fusarium root rot and application thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20240426 Address after: Cipeng Gou, Qinghe Community, Longhua Street, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, 655500 Patentee after: Qujing kaimeiguan organic fertilizer production Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: No. 2238, Beijing Road extension, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650205 Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Country or region before: China |
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