CN112135893A

CN112135893A - Lubricating oil compositions providing wear protection at low viscosity

Info

Publication number: CN112135893A
Application number: CN201980016656.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·霍根杜恩; J·A·范莱文; A·B·布法
Original assignee: Chevron Oronite Technology BV; Chevron Oronite Co LLC
Current assignee: Chevron Oronite Technology BV; Chevron Oronite Co LLC
Priority date: 2018-03-02
Filing date: 2019-02-28
Publication date: 2020-12-25
Also published as: WO2019166979A1; CA3092280A1; JP2024015129A; SG11202008101XA; US20190270946A1; JP2021515081A; EP3759201A1

Abstract

Provided is a lubricating oil comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) VII, (c) a non-dispersant vinyl olefin copolymer viscosity index improver, (d) a magnesium-containing detergent; wherein the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of molybdenum-containing components. Also provided is a method of improving friction and reducing wear in an internal combustion engine using the engine lubricating oil composition.

Description

Lubricating oil compositions providing wear protection at low viscosity

Technical Field

The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for internal combustion engines, particularly those used in spark ignition engines.

Background

Engine oils are blended with various additives to meet various performance requirements. One known way to increase fuel economy is to reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil. However, this solution now reaches the limits of the capabilities and specifications of current devices. At a given viscosity, it is well known that the addition of organic or organometallic friction modifiers reduces the surface friction of lubricating oils and allows for better fuel economy. However, these additives tend to carry with them deleterious effects such as increased deposit formation, seal impact, or they compete with the anti-wear component for limited surface sites, thereby not allowing the formation of an anti-wear film, which causes increased wear.

To improve lubricant fuel economy performance, reducing viscosity is typically the best approach (i.e., High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity). HTHS is a measure of lubricant viscosity under severe engine conditions. Degradation of viscosity index improvers can occur under high temperature and high stress conditions. As this occurs, the viscosity of the oil decreases, which can lead to increased engine wear.

Thus, despite advances in lubricant oil formulation technology, there remains a need for engine oil lubricants that are effective in improving fuel economy while providing excellent antiwear performance.

Prior Art

WO2015041891 discloses a method for reducing aqueous phase separation of emulsions comprising an ethanol based fuel and a lubricating oil containing a molybdenum ester amide complex and a dispersant polyalkyl (meth) acrylate.

US6303548 discloses an SAE 0W-40 lubricant comprising a base oil and a mixture of a polymethacrylate and an olefin copolymer or a hydrogenated diene VI improver.

WO2014136643 discloses a polymethacrylate having a mass average molecular weight of 30000-.

US20090270294 discloses mixtures of at least two polymers having different Permanent Shear Stability Indexes (PSSI).

EP1436369 discloses a biodegradable lubricant which is at least 60% biodegradable and has a gelling index of about 12 or less which can be formulated using a transesterified triglyceride base oil together with a synthetic ester. Combinations of ester viscosity index improvers and olefin copolymer viscosity index improvers may also be added.

US20170088789 discloses a lubricant composition comprising a (meth) acrylate-containing polymer comprising a multiple arm containing at least 20 carbon atoms, said arm being attached to a polyvalent organic moiety; and an ethylene/olefin copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 10000 to about 250000.

Detailed Description

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an engine lubricating oil composition having an HTHS viscosity at 150 ℃ of from about 1.3 to about 2.9cP, comprising:

a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ of from 1.5 to 6.0mm²/s；

b) Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) VII, the Mw of which is 200000g/mol to 450000 g/mol;

c) a non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer viscosity index improver having an Mw of from 50000g/mol to 150000g/mol and a total ethylene content of from about 30 wt% to about 70 wt%;

d) about 200 to about 1000ppm magnesium from a magnesium-containing detergent; and

wherein the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of molybdenum-containing components.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of improving friction and reducing wear in an internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition having an HTHS viscosity at 150 ℃ of from about 1.3 to about 2.9cP, the lubricating oil composition comprising:

Detailed Description

To facilitate understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, a number of terms, abbreviations, or other shorthand definitions as used herein are as follows. Any undefined terms, abbreviations or abbreviations are understood to have the usual meaning used by a person skilled in the art at the same time as the filing of the present application.

Definition of

In the present specification, the following words and expressions have the meanings given below, if and when used.

By "major amount" is meant more than 50% by weight of the composition.

"minor amount" means less than 50% by weight of the composition, expressed relative to said additive and relative to the total mass of all additives present in the composition, which is considered to be the active ingredient of one or more additives.

"active ingredient" or "active" refers to an additive material that is not a diluent or solvent.

All percentages reported are% by weight based on the active ingredient (i.e., not referring to the carrier or diluent oil) unless otherwise specified.

The abbreviation "ppm" means parts per million by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ℃ was determined according to ASTM D4683.

Kinematic Viscosity (KV) at 100 ℃₁₀₀) Measured according to ASTM D445.

Metal-the term "metal" refers to an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or mixtures thereof.

Throughout the specification and claims, the expression oil-soluble or oil-dispersible is used. Oil-soluble or oil-dispersible means that the amount required to provide the desired level of activity or performance can be introduced by being dissolved, dispersed or suspended in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Generally, this means that at least about 0.001 wt.% of the material can be incorporated into the lubricating oil composition. For further discussion of the terms oil-soluble or oil-dispersible, particularly "stably dispersible", see U.S. patent No. 4320019, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference for its relevant teachings in this regard.

As used herein, the term "sulfated ash" refers to the non-combustible residue formed from detergents and metal additives in lubricating oils. Sulfated ash can be determined using ASTM test D874.

As used herein, the term "total base number" or "TBN" refers to the amount of base equal to milligrams of KOH in a 1g sample. Thus, higher TBN values reflect more alkaline products and thus greater alkalinity. TBN is determined using ASTM D2896 testing.

Boron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur and zinc contents were determined according to ASTM D5185.

Nitrogen content was determined according to ASTM D4629.

All ASTM standards mentioned herein are the latest version at the time of filing this application.

Olefins-the term "olefins" refers to a class of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds obtained by a number of processes. Those containing one double bond are referred to as monoolefins and those having two double bonds are referred to as dienes, alkadienes or diolefins. Alpha olefins are particularly reactive because the double bond is between the first carbon and the second carbon. Examples are 1-octene and 1-octadecene, which are used as starting points for moderately biodegradable surfactants. Linear and branched olefins are also included in the definition of olefins.

N-alpha olefins-the term "n-alpha olefins" refers to olefins that are straight chain, unbranched hydrocarbons in which a carbon-carbon double bond is present in the alpha or primary position of the hydrocarbon chain.

Isomerized normal alpha olefins. As used herein, the term "isomerized normal alpha olefin" refers to an alpha olefin that has been subjected to isomerization conditions that result in a change in the distribution of the olefin species present and/or the introduction of branches along the alkyl chain. The isomerized olefin product may be obtained by isomerizing linear alpha olefins containing from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about 20 to about 28 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 20 to about 24 carbon atoms.

C_10-40N-alpha olefins-this term defines fractions in which n-alpha olefins having a carbon number below 10 have been removed by distillation or other fractionation methods.

All percentages are weight percentages unless otherwise specified.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been described herein in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

It is noted that not all activities described in the general description or the examples are required, i.e., a portion of a specific activity may not be required, and one or more additional activities may be performed in addition to those described. Still further, the order in which activities are listed is not necessarily the order in which the activities are performed.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature or features that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced, however, are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features of any or all the claims.

The illustrations and examples of embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments.

As used herein, the terms "comprises/comprising", "including", "includes", "including", "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive range. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" means an inclusive "or" and not an exclusive "or". For example, condition a or B satisfies any one of the following: a is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), a is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both a and B are true (or present).

The use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of embodiments of the disclosure. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural and vice versa unless it is clear that it is meant otherwise. When referring to values, the term "average" is intended to mean an average, geometric mean, or median. The "New nomenclature" protocol is used for the numbers of groups corresponding to the columns in the periodic Table of the elements, see CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81 th edition (2000-2001).

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials and processing activities are conventional and may be found in textbooks and other sources within the lubricant and oil and gas industries.

The specification and examples are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all the elements and features of formulations, compositions, devices, and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values expressed as ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this specification only. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.

Oil/base oil component of lubricating viscosity

An oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as a "base stock" or "base oil") is the main liquid component of the lubricant into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example, to produce the final lubricant (or lubricant composition). The base oil is useful in making concentrates and lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural and synthetic lubricating oils and combinations thereof.

Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid petroleum oils, and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.

Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly (1-hexenes), poly (1-octenes), poly (1-decenes), alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di (2-ethylhexyl) benzenes), polyphenols (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols), and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof.

Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenylmalonic acids, succinic acid, alkylsuccinic acids and alkenylsuccinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, phthalic acid) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butanol, hexanol, dodecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and a complex ester formed by reacting 1mol of sebacic acid with 2mol of tetraethylene glycol and 2mol of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C₅-C₁₂Monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as those made from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.

In one embodiment, the ester base oil is present in about 1 to 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In other embodiments, the ester base oil is present in about 1 to 8 wt.%, about 1 to 6 wt.%, about 1 to 5 wt.%, about 1 to 4 wt.%, about 1 to 3 wt.%, about 1 to 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

The base oil may be derived from a fischer-tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons synthesized by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are obtained by using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing H₂And CO. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be used as a baseAnd (3) oil. For example, the hydrocarbon may be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxing; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed; methods known to those skilled in the art are used.

Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils may be used in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. Such as a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation, or an ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and diafiltration. The re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils that have been used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and are often additionally processed by techniques of approval of used additives and oil breakdown products.

Thus, the base oils that may be used in making the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may be selected from any of the group I-V base oils specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) base oil interchangeability guide (API Publication 1509). Such base oils are summarized in table 1 below:

TABLE 1

^(a)Classes I-III are mineral oil base stocks.

^(b)Measured according to ASTM D2007.

^(c)Measured according to ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM D4294 or ASTM D4927.

^(d)Measured according to ASTM D2270.

Suitable base oils for use herein are any of a variety of oils corresponding to API group II, group III, group IV and group V oils, and combinations thereof, preferably group III to group V oils, due to their excellent volatility, stability, viscosity and clarity characteristics.

The base oil constitutes the major component of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention and is present in an amount of from greater than 50 to 99 wt.% (e.g., from 70 to 95 wt.%, or from 85 to 95 wt.%).

The base oil may be selected from any of synthetic oils or natural oils typically used as crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. The base oil typically has a particle size of 1.5 to 6mm²Kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ in/s. In which the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating base oil at 100 ℃ exceeds 6mm²In the case of/s, the low-temperature viscosity property may be lowered, and sufficient fuel efficiency may not be obtained. At 1.5mm²At kinematic viscosities of/s or less, the formation of an oil film in the lubrication space is insufficient; for this reason, lubrication is poor, and evaporation loss of the lubricating oil composition can be increased.

Preferably, the base oil has a viscosity index of at least 90 (e.g., at least 95, at least 105, at least 110, at least 115, or at least 120). If the viscosity index is less than 90, not only the viscosity-temperature properties, thermal and oxidative stability, and anti-volatility decrease, but also the friction coefficient tends to increase; and abrasion resistance tends to be lowered.

In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition is a multigrade oil. In another embodiment, the multi-grade oil is a viscosity grade SAE 0W-XX oil, wherein XX is any one of 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20.

The lubricating oil composition has a High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ℃ of 2.9cP or less (e.g., 1.0-2.9cP, or 1.3-2.9cP), 2.6cP or less (e.g., 1.0-2.6cP, or 1.3-2.6cP), 2.3cP or less (e.g., 1.0-2.3cP, or 1.3-2.3cP), such as 2.0cP or less (e.g., 1.0-2.0cP, or 1.3-2.3cP), or even 1.7cP or less (e.g., 1.0-1.7cP, or 1.3-1.7 cP).

The lubricating oil composition has a viscosity index of at least 135 (e.g., 135-400, or 135-250), at least 150 (e.g., 150-400, 150-250), at least 165 (e.g., 165-400, or 165-250), at least 190 (e.g., 190-400, or 190-250), or at least 200 (e.g., 200-400, or 200-250). If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is less than 135, it may be difficult to improve fuel efficiency while maintaining the HTHS viscosity at 150 ℃. If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition exceeds 400, the evaporation performance may be reduced, and defects due to insufficient compatibility with sealing materials and solubility of additives may be caused.

The lubricating oil composition has a thickness of 3 to 12mm²S (e.g. 3-8.2 mm)²/s、3.5-8.2mm²S, or 4-8.2mm²Kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ in s).

Typically, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.7 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the sulfur level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.70 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.6 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.5 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.4 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.3 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.2 wt.%, 0.01 wt.% to 0.10 wt.%. In one embodiment, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.60 wt.%, less than or equal to about 0.50 wt.%, less than or equal to about 0.40 wt.%, less than or equal to about 0.30 wt.%, less than or equal to about 0.20 wt.%, less than or equal to about 0.10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.12 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.11 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.09 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.09 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.08 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.08 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.07 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.07 wt.%. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.05 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., the phosphorus level is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.05 wt.%.

In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the invention is less than or equal to about 1.60 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., the level of sulfated ash is from about 0.10 to about 1.60 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the invention is less than or equal to about 1.00 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., the level of sulfated ash is from about 0.10 to about 1.00 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the invention is less than or equal to about 0.80 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., the level of sulfated ash is from about 0.10 to about 0.80 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the invention is less than or equal to about 0.60 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., the level of sulfated ash is from about 0.10 to about 0.60 wt.%, as determined by ASTM D874.

Suitably, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may have a Total Base Number (TBN) of from 4 to 15mg KOH/g (e.g., from 5 to 12mg KOH/g, from 6 to 12mg KOH/g, or from 8 to 12mg KOH/g).

Viscosity modifier

Viscosity Modifiers (VM) or Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) may be used in the lubricant to impart high and low temperature operability. The VM may be used to impart unique functionality or may be multifunctional. The multifunctional viscosity modifier also provides additional functionality for dispersant function. Viscosity modifiers and dispersants examples of viscosity modifiers are polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyolefins, styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers and similar polymeric materials, including homopolymers, copolymers and graft copolymers.

In one embodiment, VII may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 0.001 to 10 wt.%, based on the lubricating oil composition. In other embodiments, VII may be present at 0.01 to 8 wt.%, 0.01 to 5 wt.%, 0.01 to 4 wt.%, 0.01 to 3 wt.%, 0.01 to 2.5 wt.%, 0.1 to 2.5 wt.% of the lubricating oil composition.

Particularly useful in the present disclosure is a combination of dispersant polymethacrylate VII and vinyl non-dispersant VII.

Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) VII

In one embodiment, the dispersant PMA has a weight average molecular weight of 200000g/mol to 450000g/mol, 200000g/mol to 400000g/mol, 200000g/mol to 350000g/mol, or 200000g/mol to 300000 g/mol.

The Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) viscosity index modifiers used in the present invention can be as described below, and as described in WO 2013/182581, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. Compounds within this definition will include

Viscosity index improvers 6-054, 6-565, 6-850, 6-950 and 6-954, all available from Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH, Darmstadt, germany.

The polyalkyl (meth) acrylate comprises the following monomer units:

(a) 0-40% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I):

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R¹Is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having from 3 to 5 carbon atomsCycloalkyl radical, R²And R³Each independently is hydrogen or a group of formula-COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;

(b)10-98 wt.%, preferably 20-95 wt.%, of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II):

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R⁴Is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, R⁵And R⁶Each independently hydrogen or a group of formula-COOR ", wherein R" is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms;

(c) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 20% by weight, of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (III):

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R⁷Is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having from 16 to 40, preferably from 16 to 30, carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl radical having from 16 to 40, preferably from 16 to 30, carbon atoms, R⁸And R⁹Each independently of the other is hydrogen or a group of formula-COOR '"wherein R'" is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group having 16 to 40, preferably 16 to 30, carbon atoms;

(d)0 to 30 weight percent of vinyl monomer;

(e) 2-10% by weight of at least one N-dispersant monomer.

It is believed that the DPMA used in the present invention contains about 1-10 wt% methyl methacrylate monomer, about 0.5-3 wt% N-vinyl pyrrolidone as the nitrogen-containing monomer, and the balance long chain alkyl methacrylate monomer, especially lauryl methacrylate, and has a MW of 200000-250000. It has an SSI of about 40 to about 50.

Non-dispersant vinyl Olefin Copolymer (OCP) VII

In one embodiment, the non-dispersant vinyl olefin copolymer VII has a weight average molecular weight of from 50000g/mol to about 150000g/mol, from about 60000g/mol to about 120000g/mol, or from about 70000g/mol to about 110000 g/mol.

The vinyl viscosity index modifier used in the present invention may be as described below, and as described in US20130203640, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.

In one embodiment, the vinyl VII is an ethylene propylene copolymer.

In one embodiment, the polymeric composition typically contains from about 30 wt% to about 70 wt% of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (a) and from about 70 wt% to about 30 wt% of the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (b), based on the total amount of (a) and (b) of the composition. In another embodiment, the polymeric composition typically contains from about 40 wt% to about 60 wt% of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (a) and from about 60 wt% to about 40 wt% of the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (b), based on the total amount of (a) and (b) of the composition. In a particular embodiment, the polymeric composition contains from about 50 to about 54 wt% of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (a) and from about 46 to about 50 wt% of the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer (b), based on the total amount of (a) and (b) of the composition.

The weight average molecular weight of the first ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer in one embodiment is typically from about 60000g/mol to about 120000 g/mol. In another embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the first ethylene- α -olefin copolymer is typically from about 70000g/mol to about 110000 g/mol. The second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer in one embodiment typically has a weight average molecular weight of about 60000g/mol to about 120000 g/mol. In another embodiment, the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer typically has a weight average molecular weight of from about 70000g/mol to about 110000 g/mol. The composition of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer and the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer in one embodiment typically has a weight average molecular weight of about 60000g/mol to about 120000 g/mol. In another embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the composition of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer and the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer is typically from about 70000g/mol to about 110000 g/mol. In yet another embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the composition of the first ethylene-a-olefin copolymer and the second ethylene-a-olefin copolymer is typically from about 80000 to about 100000 g/mol. The molecular weight distribution of each ethylene-a-olefin copolymer is typically less than about 2.5, and more typically from about 2.1 to about 2.4. The polymer distribution as determined by GPC is typically unimodal.

In one embodiment, the polymer composition typically has a total ethylene content of from about 40 wt% to about 70 wt%, or from about 50 wt% to about 70 wt%. In another embodiment, the polymer composition typically has a total ethylene content of about 55 wt% to about 65 wt%. In other embodiments, the polymer composition has a total ethylene content of about 57 wt% to about 63 wt%.

Salicylate detergents

Salicylates can be prepared by reacting a basic metal compound with at least one carboxylic acid, and removing water from the reaction product. Detergents made from salicylic acid are a class of detergents made from carboxylic acids. Useful salicylates include long chain alkyl salicylates. One useful family of compositions has the following structure (5):

wherein R' is C₁-C₃₀(e.g. C)₁₃-C₃₀) An alkyl group; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and M is an alkaline earth metal (e.g., Ca or Mg).

Hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids can be prepared from phenols by the Kolbe reaction (see U.S. patent No. 3595791). Metal salts of hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids can be prepared by metathesis of the metal salt in a polar solvent such as water or an alcohol.

In one aspect of the disclosure, the salicylate is derived from C₁₀-C₄₀Isomerized NAO and derived from having alkyl groups derived from isomerized NAOAlkylphenols, the isomerized NAO having an isomerization level of (i) from about 0.10 to about 0.40, preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.35, preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.30, and more preferably from about 0.12 to about 0.30.

One typical detergent is an anionic material that contains a long chain hydrophobic portion of the molecule and a smaller anionic or oleophobic hydrophilic portion of the molecule. The anionic portion of a detergent is typically derived from an organic acid such as sulfuric acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof. The counter ion is typically an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal.

Salts containing substantially stoichiometric amounts of the metal are described as neutral salts and have a Total Base Number (TBN) of 0 to 80mg KOH/g. Many compositions are overbased, which contain a large amount of a metal base (metal base) achieved by reacting an excess of a metal compound (e.g., a metal hydroxide or oxide) rich in an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide). Useful detergents may be neutral, slightly overbased or highly overbased.

It is desirable that at least some of the detergents used in the detergent mixture are overbased. Overbased detergents help neutralize acidic impurities produced by the combustion process and become trapped in the oil. Typically, the overbased material has a ratio of metal ion to anionic portion of the detergent on an equivalent basis of from 1.05:1 to 50:1 (e.g., from 4:1 to 25: 1). The detergent formed is an overbased detergent, which will typically have a TBN of 150mg KOH/g or greater (e.g., 250 mg KOH/g or greater). Mixtures of detergents having different TBNs may be used.

Suitable detergents include metal salts of sulfonates, phenates, carboxylates, phosphates, and salicylates.

Sulfonates can be prepared from sulfonic acids, typically obtained by sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or those obtained by alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples include those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, biphenyl, or halogen derivatives thereof. The alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst and an alkylating agent having from about 3 to greater than 70 carbon atoms. The alkylaryl sulfonates typically contain from about 9 to 80 or more carbon atoms (e.g., from about 16 to 60 carbon atoms) per alkyl-substituted aromatic moiety.

The phenate can be produced by reacting an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide (e.g., CaO, Ca (OH)₂MgO or Mg (OH)₂) With an alkylphenol or sulfurized alkylphenol. Useful alkyl groups include straight or branched C₁-C₃₀(e.g. C)₄-C₂₀) Alkyl groups or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable phenols include isobutylphenol, 2-ethylhexyl phenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and the like. It should be noted that the starting alkylphenol may contain more than one alkyl substituent, each independently of the other, linear or branched. When non-sulfurized alkylphenols are used, the sulfurized product can be obtained by methods well known in the art. These methods include heating a mixture of an alkylphenol and a sulfurizing agent (e.g., elemental sulfur, a sulfur halide such as sulfur dichloride, etc.), and then reacting the sulfurized phenol with an alkaline earth metal base.

Magnesium detergent

Preferred magnesium-containing detergents include magnesium sulfonates, magnesium phenates, and magnesium salicylates, particularly magnesium sulfonates and magnesium salicylates. They may be as described above.

The magnesium-containing detergent may be used in an amount that provides the lubricating oil composition with at least 200ppm to 1000ppm, 240-900ppm, 240-840ppm, 240-800ppm, 250-800ppm, 300-1000ppm, 300-800ppm, 400-1000ppm, or 400-800ppm) weight magnesium.

Substantially free of molybdenum component

In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 60ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 60ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 40ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 40ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 25ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 25ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 15ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 15ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 10ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 10ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the level of molybdenum containing components in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 5ppm, for example the level of molybdenum containing components is from about 0.01 to about 5ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

In other embodiments, the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of molybdenum-containing components. In some embodiments, substantially free of molybdenum containing components means that the molybdenum containing components are present at less than 10, less than 9, less than 8, less than 7, less than 6, less than 5, less than 4, less than 3, less than 2, less than 1, less than 0.5, less than 0.1 ppm.

Other lubricating oil additives

In addition to the additive compounds described herein, the lubricating oil composition may comprise additional lubricating oil additives.

The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure may also contain other conventional additives that may impart or improve any desirable property to the lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. Any additive known to one of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives have been described in Mortier et al, "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", 2 nd edition, London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R.Rudnick, "scientific Additives: Chemistry and Applications," New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the lubricating oil composition may be blended with antioxidants, anti-wear agents, metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multi-functional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Various additives are known and commercially available. These additives or their analogous compounds can be used to prepare the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure by conventional blending procedures.

The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may contain one or more antiwear agents which reduce friction and excessive wear. Any antiwear agent known to those of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable antiwear agents include zinc dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, Mo, etc.) salts of dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, etc.) salts of dithiocarbamates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, etc.) salts of fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphate esters, phosphite esters, amine salts of phosphate or thiophosphate esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acids, and combinations thereof. The amount of antiwear agent may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

In certain embodiments, the antiwear agent is or comprises a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt, such as a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound. The metal of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. In some embodiments, the metal is zinc. In other embodiments, the alkyl group of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt has from about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, or from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is linear or branched.

The amount of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt (including zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein) is measured by its phosphorus content. In some embodiments, the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein is about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may contain one or more friction modifiers which reduce friction between moving partsA sex agent. Any friction modifier known to those of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable friction modifiers include fatty carboxylic acids; derivatives of fatty carboxylic acids (e.g., alcohols, esters, borated esters, amides, metal salts, etc.); mono-, di-or tri-alkyl substituted phosphoric or phosphonic acids; derivatives (e.g., esters, amides, metal salts, etc.) of mono-, di-, or tri-alkyl substituted phosphoric or phosphonic acids; mono-, di-or tri-alkyl substituted amines; mono-or di-alkyl substituted amides and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, examples of friction modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated fatty amines; borated fatty epoxides; fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, borated glycerol esters; and fatty imidazolines, as disclosed in U.S. patent No. 6372696, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; obtained from C₄-C₇₅Or C₆-C₂₄Or C₆-C₂₀A friction modifier which is the reaction product of a fatty acid ester and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia and alkanolamines, and the like, and mixtures thereof. The amount of friction modifier can vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

The lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains the organic oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 3 wt.%. The oxidation inhibitor may be a hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor or a diarylamine oxidation inhibitor. The diarylamine oxidation inhibitors have the advantage of generating a base number derived from the nitrogen atom. The hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor has an advantage in that no NOx gas is generated.

Examples of the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor include 2, 6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4 '-methylenebis (2, 6-di-t-butylphenol), 4' -methylenebis (6-t-butyl-o-cresol), 4 '-isopropylidenebis (2, 6-di-t-butylphenol), 4' -bis (2, 6-di-t-butylphenol), 2 '-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4' -thiobis (2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2-thiodiethylenebis [3- (3, 5-bis-t-butylphenol)Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]Octyl 3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, octadecyl 3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and octyl 3- (3, 54-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionate and commercial products such as, but not limited to, Irganox

(BASF)、Naugalube

(Chemtura) and Ethanox

(SI Group)。

Examples of diarylamine oxidation inhibitors include alkyldiphenylamines having a mixture of alkyl groups of 4-9 carbon atoms, p' -dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-naphthylamine, alkylated naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-naphthylamine.

Each of the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor and the diarylamine oxidation inhibitor may be used alone or in combination. Other oils are oxidized soluble if desired.

In the preparation of lubricating oil formulations, it is common practice to incorporate additives in the form of 10-80 wt.% active ingredient concentrates in hydrocarbon oils such as mineral lubricating oils or other suitable solvents.

Typically these concentrates are diluted with 3 to 100, for example 5 to 40 parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by weight of additive package in forming the final lubricant, e.g. crankcase engine oil. The purpose of the concentrate is, of course, to make handling of the various materials less difficult and laborious and to promote dissolution or dispersion in the final mixture.

Process for preparing lubricating oil compositions

The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be prepared by any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art of making lubricating oils. In some embodiments, the base oil may be blended or mixed with the zirconium-containing compounds described herein. Optionally, one or more others may be added. The additives may be added to the base oil separately or simultaneously. In some embodiments, the additives are added separately to the base oil in one or more additions, and the additions may be in any order. In other embodiments, the additives are added simultaneously to the base oil, optionally in the form of an additive concentrate. In some embodiments, the dissolution of the additive in the base oil may be aided by heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 25 ℃ to about 200 ℃, from about 50 ℃ to about 150 ℃, or from about 75 ℃ to about 125 ℃.

Any mixing or dispersing device known to one of ordinary skill in the art may be used to blend, mix, or dissolve the ingredients. Blending, mixing, or dissolving may be performed with a blender, stirrer, disperser, mixer (e.g., planetary mixer and double planetary mixer), homogenizer (e.g., Gaulin homogenizer and Rannie homogenizer), mill (e.g., colloid mill, ball mill, and sand mill), or any other mixing or dispersing device known in the art.

Use of lubricating oil compositions

The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein may be suitable for use as automotive oils (i.e., engine oils or crankcase oils) for spark-ignited internal combustion engines, particularly direct-injection and supercharged engines.

The following examples are presented to illustrate embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Unless indicated to the contrary, all parts and percentages are by weight. All numerical values are approximate. When numerical ranges are given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated ranges may still fall within the scope of the invention. The specific details described in each embodiment should not be construed as essential features of the invention.

Examples

The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

Lubricating oil compositions were prepared by blending together the following components to obtain a molybdenum-free formulation of SAE0W-20 viscosity grade:

(a) 740ppm, based on the phosphorus content, of a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate;

(b) 1120ppm by calcium, mostly from C₁₄-C₁₈N-alpha olefin derived overbased calcium salicylate, and a minor amount of a detergent derived from low overbased calcium sulfonate;

(c) a highly overbased magnesium sulfonate detergent at 240ppm based on the magnesium content;

(d) an ethylene carbonate treated and borated succinimide dispersant;

(e) alkylated diphenylamine antioxidants, hindered phenol antioxidants;

(f) the pour point depressant is used in a conventional amount,

(g) a combination of the following viscosity index improvers: 0.70 wt% of a polymer concentrate comprising ethylene propylene derived non-dispersant OCP (ethylene propylene based copolymer having 55-65% ethylene, weight average molecular weight of 80000 to about 100000g/mol, and SSI of about 20 to about 26); and 1.50% by weight of a polymer concentrate containing dispersant type PMA (1-10% by weight of methyl methacrylate monomer, about 0.5-3% by weight of N-vinylpyrrolidone as nitrogen-containing monomer, and the balance long chain alkyl methacrylate monomer, especially lauryl methacrylate, and having a MW of 200000-250000. the SSI is from about 40 to about 50.

(h)

(i) Additional additives including organic friction modifiers, mannich reaction products, corrosion inhibitors, markers, oam inhibitors; and

(j) a mixture of group III and group IV PAO base oils.

Example 2

Example 1 was repeated except that calcium salicylate was obtained from C₂₀-C₂₄Isomerized normal alpha olefins, and the isomerization level of alpha olefins is about 0.16. The additive contained 6.4 wt% Ca and about 20 wt% diluent oil, and had a TBN of about 180mg KOH/g and a basicity index of about 2.4. The TBN of this additive was about 225mg KOH/g on an actives basis.

The isomerization level was measured by NMR method.

Isomerization level (I) and NMR method

The level of olefin isomerization (I) was determined by hydrogen-1 (1H) NMR. NMR spectra were obtained on Bruker Ultrashield Plus 400 in chloroform-d 1 at 400MHz using the TopSpin 3.2 Spectroscopy software.

The level of isomerization (I) represents the linkage to the methylene backbone group (-CH)₂- (. chemically shifted 1.01-1.38ppm) of a methyl group (-CH)₃) (chemical shift 0.30-1.01ppm) and is defined by formula (6) shown below:

i ═ m/(m + n) formula (6)

Wherein m is the NMR integral of methyl groups having a chemical shift between 0.30. + -. 0.03 and 1.01. + -. 0.03ppm and n is the NMR integral of methylene groups having a chemical shift between 1.01. + -. 0.03 and 1.38. + -. 0.10 ppm.

Example 3

Example 1 is repeated except that the magnesium sulfonate detergent is present in an amount to provide 840ppm of magnesium.

Example 4

Example 3 was repeated except that C was removed₁₄-C₁₈N-alpha olefin derived overbased calcium salicylate.

Example 5

Example 1 was repeated except that 3 wt% of ester base oil was added to the final oil.

Example 6

Example 1 was repeated, except that the calcium salicylate was replaced by magnesium salicylate, which was obtained from C₂₀-C₂₄Isomerized normal alpha olefins and the isomerization level of alpha olefins is about 0.16. The additive contained 4.3 wt% Mg, and about 35 wt% diluent oil, and had a TBN of about 200Mg KOH/g. The level of isomerization was measured as in example 1.

Example 7

Example 1 was repeated, except that the calcium salicylate was replaced by magnesium salicylate, which was obtained from C₁₄-C₁₈Alpha olefin and has a TBN of about 236mgKOH/g and 5.34 wt% Mg.

Comparative example 1

Example 1 was repeated except that the ethylene propylene derived non-dispersant OCP was replaced with 0.7 wt% of a polymer concentrate containing a hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymer coupled with divinylbenzene and having SSI of 4 and a molecular weight of 35000.

Comparative example 2

Example 1 was repeated except that an amount of 0.4 wt.% of the sulfur-free molybdenum compound was added to provide 320ppm of molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition.

Comparative example 3

Example 1 was repeated except that 0.4 wt% of the sulfur-free molybdenum compound and 0.4 wt% of the sulfur-containing molybdenum succinimide complex were added in an amount to provide 490ppm of molybdenum to the lubricating oil.

Comparative example 4

Example 1 was repeated except that 1.0 wt.% of a sulfur-free molybdenum compound was added in an amount to provide 780ppm of molybdenum to the lubricating oil.

Comparative example 5

Example 1 was repeated except that the ethylene propylene derived non-dispersant OCP and dispersant PMA were replaced with 4.50 wt% of a polymer concentrate containing hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymer coupled with divinylbenzene and SSI of 4 and molecular weight of 35000 and 0.4 wt% of a sulfur containing molybdenum succinimide complex was added in an amount to provide 200ppm of molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition.

Comparative example 6

Comparative example 3 was repeated except that the ethylene propylene derived non-dispersant OCP and dispersant PMA were replaced with 4.50 wt% of a polymer concentrate containing hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymer coupled with divinylbenzene and having SSI of 4 and a molecular weight of 35000.

Comparative example 7

Example 1 was repeated except that the ethylene propylene derived non-dispersant OCP was replaced with a polymer concentrate of 6.25 wt% dispersant OCP.

Testing

The performance evaluations of the formulations are given in table 2. The following benchmark tests were performed to measure wear: FZG Wear scraping Load bearing Capacity test. To evaluate the wear performance of automotive engine oils, the load bearing characteristics of various engine oils of different chemistries were evaluated according to CEC-L-84-A-02 using an A10 gear on a FZG test cable (FZG Square test machine). The method is useful for evaluating the scuffing load capacity potential of oils found in many vehicle and stationary applications, typically used with highly stressed cylindrical gear devices. For the A10 gear, the minimum load level failure at 16.6m/s and 130 ℃ was 8.

TABLE 2

Claims

1. A lubricating oil composition having an HTHS viscosity at 150 ℃ of from about 1.3 to about 2.9cP, comprising:

2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, further comprising 1-10 wt.% of an ester base oil.

3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the magnesium-containing detergent is derived from C₂₀-C₂₄Magnesium salicylate of isomerized normal alpha olefins.

4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer viscosity index improver has a total ethylene content of from about 55 to 65 wt.%.

5. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer viscosity index improver has a Mw of from 70000g/mol to 110000 g/mol.

6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) VII has a Mw of 200000g/mol-300000 g/mol.

7. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant polymethacrylate VII comprises the following monomer units:

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R¹Is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R²And R³Each independently is hydrogen or a group of formula-COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;

(d)0 to 30 weight percent of vinyl monomer;

(e) 2-10% by weight of at least one N-dispersant monomer.

8. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer is an ethylene propylene copolymer.

9. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the magnesium from the magnesium-containing detergent is about 200 to about 850 ppm.

10. A method of improving friction and reducing wear in an internal combustion engine comprising lubricating said engine with a lubricating oil composition having an HTHS viscosity at 150 ℃ of from about 1.3 to about 2.9cP, comprising:

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises 1-10 wt.% of an ester base oil.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium-containing detergent is derived from C₂₀-C₂₄Magnesium salicylate of isomerized normal alpha olefins.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer viscosity index improver has a total ethylene content of from about 55 to 65 wt%.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer viscosity index improver has a Mw of from 70000g/mol to 110000 g/mol.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the Dispersant Polymethacrylate (DPMA) VII has a Mw of 200000g/mol-300000 g/mol.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the dispersant polymethacrylate VII comprises the following monomer units:

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R¹Is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R²And R³Each independently of the other is hydrogen or a group of formula-COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated thread having 1 to 5 carbon atomsA linear or branched alkyl group;

(d)0 to 30 weight percent of vinyl monomer;

(e) 2-10% by weight of at least one N-dispersant monomer.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-dispersant ethylene-based olefin copolymer is an ethylene propylene copolymer.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium from the magnesium-containing detergent is about 200 to about 850 ppm.