CN112042767B - 一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油 - Google Patents
一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042767B CN112042767B CN202010890967.7A CN202010890967A CN112042767B CN 112042767 B CN112042767 B CN 112042767B CN 202010890967 A CN202010890967 A CN 202010890967A CN 112042767 B CN112042767 B CN 112042767B
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- oil
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- reducing blood
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,所述调和油,其成品中微量伴随物的含量以mg/Kg油计,包括,多酚15‑300、β‑谷甾醇290‑1700、菜油甾醇260‑1500、豆甾醇150‑1000、角鲨烯140‑600、帕克醇50‑160、γ‑生育三烯酚40‑120。本发明所提供的食用植物调和油,利用微量伴随之间的协同作用和脂肪酸之间的合理配比,使得调配的食用植物调和油能够达到降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,适合不同人群的健康需求,具有广泛的市场前景和应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油脂加工领域,具体涉及到一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油。
背景技术
油脂除了给人体提供能量,并且与人体的健康密切相关,并且中国营养学会推出了2013版《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》(DRIs),2013版的DRIs首次提出了饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入范围,在满足上述两种脂肪酸摄入量的前提下,并建议提高单不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量。除此以外,2013版的DRIs首次增加了“植物化合物对人体作用”的内容,并且建议膳食中增加植物化合物的摄入,来达到干预慢性疾病等现代人营养问题的目的。
植物油的主要成分包括甘油三酯和少量的脂肪伴随物(又称,微量伴随物),这些微量伴随物与人体的健康关系十分密切。一系列流行性病学调查、科学研究和营养干预等几个方面研究了微量伴随物与健康的密切关系。例如20世纪90年代中期哈弗大学营养系主任WalterWillett博士提出了一种符合现代营养学的:地中海式饮食,该饮食与橄榄油中的多酚密切相关;除此以外,两位丹麦医学家Bang和Dyerberg提出了可以降低患心脑血管疾病的“爱斯基摩人膳食”结构,该膳食中油脂的微量伴随物:角鲨烯,具有重要的作用。
食用油脂与血脂和胆固醇升高之间的关系,不仅仅与脂肪酸组成密切相关,而且受到油脂微量伴随物的影响。目前,关于食用植物调和油的专利大多数集中在脂肪酸组成的层面。例如,中国专利CN201610495301.5公开了一种调和油及其制备方法,该方法只考虑了饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的组成,忽略了植物油中微量伴随物的含量和比例。中国专利CN201910027591.4公开了一种食用植物调和油,虽然该专利对脂肪酸组成和植物甾醇、角鲨烯、多酚等微量伴随物的总量进行了规定,但是并没有对微量伴随物的种类和分布进行规定。并且,上述这些专利生产的食用植物调和油,并没有降低血脂和胆固醇的效果。虽然中国专利CN201410675897.8公开了一种降血脂植物调和油,但是仅仅从脂肪酸的角度进行说明,而忽略了植物油中脂肪的微量伴随物的影响。也有学者对米糠营养调和油调节血脂作用进行了研究,但是前期实验表明:与其他植物调和油相比,以米糠油为主的调和油调节血脂的功效并不突出。
综上所述,如果能长期摄入,油脂微量伴随物种类和分布均衡的食用油,那么,油脂对健康的危险性会大大地降低。因此,如何开发一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,显得尤为重要,也极大的满足了消费者对健康植物调和油的诉求。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊,而这种简化或省略不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上述和/或现有技术中存在的问题,提出了本发明。
因此,本发明的目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,所述调和油,其成品中微量伴随物的含量以mg/Kg油计,包括,多酚15-300、β-谷甾醇290-1700、菜油甾醇260-1500、豆甾醇150-1000、角鲨烯140-600、帕克醇50-160、γ-生育三烯酚40-120;所述调和油中各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸质量百分比计,包括饱和脂肪酸2%-15%、单不饱和脂肪酸含量10%-50%、多不饱和脂肪酸含量18%-70%,其中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸30%-80%,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸20%-50%。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述的植物调和油中包含的多酚、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、角鲨烯、帕克醇和γ-生育三烯酚微量伴随物,均为非外源添加。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述食用植物调和油,包括橄榄油、亚麻籽油、椰子油、米糠油、茶油和大豆油中的一种或者多种。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述食用植物油,以食用植物油的总质量计,橄榄油5%-30%、亚麻籽油20%-50%、椰子油5%-10%、米糠油10%-25%、茶油5%-20%和大豆油5%-25%。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述饱和脂肪酸来自于C12:0、C14:0中的一种或两种。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述n-3多不饱和脂肪酸来自于亚麻酸、EPA、DHA中的一种或多种。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述调和油总的甾醇含量没有规定,但是限定了β-谷甾醇290-1700mg/Kg、菜油甾醇260-1500mg/Kg、豆甾醇150-1000mg/Kg、帕克醇50-160mg/Kg的数值范围。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述调和油总的甾醇含量没有规定,但是限定了β-谷甾醇1195.8mg/Kg、菜油甾醇563.5mg/Kg、豆甾醇374.7mg/Kg、帕克醇71.3mg/Kg的数值范围。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述总的生育三烯酚含量没有规定,但是限定了γ-生育三烯酚40-120mg/Kg的数值范围。
作为本发明所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油的一种优选方案,其中:所述总的生育三烯酚含量没有规定,但是限定了γ-生育三烯酚66mg/Kg的数值范围。
本发明有益效果:
本发明提供一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用调和油,其成品中微量伴随物的含量以mg/Kg油计,多酚15-300、β-谷甾醇290-1700、菜油甾醇260-1500、豆甾醇150-1000、角鲨烯140-600、帕克醇50-160、γ-生育三烯酚40-120;并且各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸质量百分比为:饱和脂肪酸2%-15%、单不饱和脂肪酸含量10%-50%、多不饱和脂肪酸含量18%-70%,其中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸30%-80%,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸20%-50%;其中多酚、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、角鲨烯、帕克醇和γ-生育三烯酚等微量伴随物,均为非外源添加。本发明所提供的食用植物调和油,利用微量伴随之间的协同作用和脂肪酸之间的合理配比,使得调配的食用植物调和油能够达到降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,适合不同人群的健康需求,具有广泛的市场前景和应用价值。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
本发明选用优质的食用植物油,将各个组分按照比例添加到搅拌罐内,温度保持在35℃以下,缓慢匀速搅拌20-40min,过滤、罐装,得到本发明的食用植物调和油。
本发明中利用细胞模型对油脂的血脂和胆固醇含量进行评估具体方法如下:
(1)细胞的基础培养
HepG2细胞以105个/孔的接种量接种于直径为60mm的平皿中,加入5mL,含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%双抗的DMEM高糖培养液,然后置于培养箱中进行培养。培养48h后移除培养液,以PBS(1mL)润洗细胞并移除,重新加入5mL新的含有FBS和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液,置于培养箱中继续培养,持续观察。当细胞在培养板上的融合度达到80%以上时进行传代。
(2)细胞的传代培养
以直径60mm的平皿培养细胞为例,首先移除培养皿中培养液,以1mL,PBS润洗细胞后移除废液。然后加入1mL胰酶消化2.5-3min,显微镜下观察细胞消化状态,加入1mL含有FBS和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液终止消化,并用移液枪吹培养液,使得细胞从培养皿底部脱落,分散在培养液中。收集含有细胞的培养液置于15mL的灭菌离心管中,1200r/min离心5min,移除上清液,加入1mL的含有FBS和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液吹打重悬细胞,血球计数器计数后,重新接种于细胞培养皿中进行细胞基础培养。
(3)细胞的冻存与复苏
经润洗、消化、离心、移除上清液等步骤后,收集待冻存的细胞,加入1mL含有FBS和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液中,再加入900μL的FBS溶液和100μL的DMSO,分装至1mL的冻存管中,确保每管细胞数量在106~107个/mL之间。
细胞复苏前首先向两个直径为100mm的细胞培养板中分别加入10mL的含有牛血清和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液。快速将冻存管从液氮罐中取出,置于37℃的恒温水浴锅中快速融化,移取至含有培养液的细胞培养板中,置于培养箱中进行基础培养。
(4)细胞存活率测定试验
细胞存活率的测定采用96孔板,每个样品六次平行试验。以104个/孔的细胞密度接种细胞于96孔板中。置于培养箱中培养24h后,移除含有胎牛血清和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液。以PBS(100μL/孔)润洗后移除废液,然后加入含有不同浓度油脂消化产物(50-500μmol/L,以脂肪酸浓度计,过220nm的滤膜)的无血清的DMEM细胞培养液100μL/孔,空白对照组只加入无血清的DMEM细胞培养液,继续培养24h后移除培养液,以PBS润洗后移除PBS,加入含有10%MTT溶液(v/v,5mg/mL)的无血清DMEM细胞培养液,继续培养4h后,移除培养液,加入PBS润洗后移除废液,加入DMSO(150μL/孔)溶解蓝紫色结晶,置于微孔板振荡器上振荡处理15min,测定其在490nm处的吸光度。
细胞存活率(%)=样品组吸光度/空白对照组吸光度×100
(5)油脂消化产物对细胞的处理试验
以106个/孔的密度接种HepG2细胞于6孔板中,加入2.5mL含有胎牛血清和双抗的DMEM细胞培养液,培养24h后移除培养液,每孔加入1mL,PBS润洗细胞并移除PBS废液,加入含有不同浓度(200μmol/L或500μmol/L,以脂肪酸浓度计)的油脂消化产物的无血清的DMEM细胞培养液2.5mL/孔,空白对照组只加入无血清的DMEM细胞培养液,继续培养24h。
(6)细胞内脂质积累相关指标的测定试验
将(5)部分处理后的细胞以PBS润洗移除废液后,每孔内加入150μL含有蛋白保护剂PMSF(终浓度为1mM)的RIPA裂解液,裂解处理30min后移入离心管中,以10000g的离心力,4℃下离心5min,按照BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)和(低密度脂蛋白)LDL-c测定试剂盒的说明书进行细胞内脂质积累相关指标的测定。
实施例1:
选用优质的食用米糠油150kg、优质的食用茶油150kg、优质的食用橄榄油100kg、优质的食用椰子油50kg、优质的食用亚麻籽油450kg和优质的食用大豆油100kg,添加到搅拌罐内,温度保持在35℃以下,缓慢匀速搅拌20-40min,过滤、罐装,得到本发明的食用植物调和油1000kg。将本发明获得的部分调和油经过硅胶柱进行处理,从而获得样品调和油(-);
将本发明获得的部分调和油分别额外添加多酚和β-谷甾醇,使其含量超过本发明的限定范围,从而获得样品调和油(+)。
不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量如表1-1所示。
表1-1不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量(mg/Kg)
ND代表未检出。
不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响如表1-2所示,其中猪油作为对照组。
表1-2不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响
由上表可知,与猪油相比,其他植物油都具有一定的降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的含量,同时提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,但是调和油具有更好的降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,而超出本发明限定范围的调和油,调和油(-)和调和油(+)的效果均有所降低。
实施例2:
选用优质的食用米糠油150kg、优质的食用茶油200kg、优质的食用橄榄油50kg、优质的食用椰子油50kg、优质的食用亚麻籽油400kg和优质的食用大豆油150kg,添加到搅拌罐内,温度保持在35℃以下,缓慢匀速搅拌20-40min,过滤、罐装,得到本发明的食用植物调和油。
将本发明获得的部分调和油经过硅胶柱进行处理,从而获得样品调和油(-);将本发明获得的部分调和油分别额外添加豆甾醇和菜油甾醇,使其含量超过本发明的限定范围,从而获得样品调和油(+)。
不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量如表2-1所示。
表2-1不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量(mg/kg)
ND代表未检出。
不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响如表2-2所示,其中猪油作为对照组。
表2-2不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响
由上表可知,与猪油相比,其他植物油都具有一定的降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的含量,同时提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,但是调和油具有更好的降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,而超出本发明限定范围的调和油,调和油(-)和调和油(+)的效果均有所降低。
实施例3:
选用优质的食用米糠油100kg、优质的食用茶油100kg、优质的食用橄榄油100kg、优质的食用椰子油100kg、优质的食用亚麻籽油350kg和优质的食用大豆油250kg,添加到搅拌罐内,温度保持在35℃以下,缓慢匀速搅拌20-40min,过滤、罐装,得到本发明的食用植物调和油。将本发明获得的部分调和油经过硅胶柱进行处理,从而获得样品调和油(-);
将本发明获得的部分调和油分别额外添加菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇,使其含量超过本发明的限定范围,从而获得样品调和油(+)。
不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量如表3-1所示。
表3-1不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量(mg/kg)
ND代表未检出。
不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响如表3-2所示,其中猪油作为对照组。
表3-2不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响
由上表可知,与猪油相比,其他植物油都具有一定的降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的含量,同时提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,但是调和油具有更好的降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,而超出本发明限定范围的调和油,调和油(-)和调和油(+)的效果均有所降低。
实施例4:
选用优质的食用米糠油200kg、优质的食用茶油150kg、优质的食用橄榄油250kg、优质的食用椰子油100kg、优质的食用亚麻籽油200kg和优质的食用大豆油100kg,添加到搅拌罐内,温度保持在35℃以下,缓慢匀速搅拌20-40min,过滤、罐装,得到本发明的食用植物调和油。
将本发明获得的部分调和油经过硅胶柱进行处理,从而获得样品调和油(-);将本发明获得的部分调和油分别额外添加多酚、菜油甾醇和豆甾醇使其含量超过本发明的限定范围,从而获得样品调和油(+)。
不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量如表4-1所示。
表4-1不同食用植物油中主要脂肪酸的百分比和微量伴随物的含量(mg/kg)
ND代表未检出。
不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响如表4-2所示,其中猪油作为对照组。
表4-2不同食用植物油对HepG2细胞内脂质水平的影响
由上表可知,与猪油相比,其他植物油都具有一定的降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的含量,同时提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,但是调和油具有更好的降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,而超出本发明限定范围的调和油,调和油(-)和调和油(+)的效果均有所降低。
本发明提供一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用调和油,利用微量伴随之间的协同作用和脂肪酸之间的合理配比,使得调配的食用植物调和油能够达到降低血脂和胆固醇的效果,适合不同人群的健康需求,具有广泛的市场前景和应用价值。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:
所述调和油,其成品中微量伴随物的含量以mg/Kg油计,包括,多酚15-300、β-谷甾醇290-1700、菜油甾醇260-1500、豆甾醇150-1000、角鲨烯140-600、帕克醇50-160、γ-生育三烯酚40-120;
所述调和油中各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸质量百分比计,包括饱和脂肪酸2%-15%、单不饱和脂肪酸含量10%-50%、多不饱和脂肪酸含量18%-70%,其中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸30%-80%,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸20%-50%;
所述食用植物油,包括橄榄油、亚麻籽油、椰子油、米糠油、茶油和大豆油,以食用植物油的总质量计,橄榄油5%-30%、亚麻籽油20%-50%、椰子油5%-10%、米糠油10%-25%、茶油5%-20%和大豆油5%-25%。
2.如权利要求1所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:所述的植物调和油中包含的多酚、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、角鲨烯、帕克醇和γ-生育三烯酚微量伴随物,均为非外源添加。
3.如权利要求1所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:所述饱和脂肪酸来自于C12:0、C14:0中的一种或两种。
4.如权利要求1所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:所述n-3多不饱和脂肪酸来自于亚麻酸、EPA、DHA中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:所述调和油中β-谷甾醇含量为1195.8 mg/Kg、菜油甾醇含量为563.5 mg/Kg、豆甾醇含量为374.7mg/Kg、帕克醇含量为71.3mg/Kg。
6.如权利要求1所述具有降低血脂和胆固醇的食用植物调和油,其特征在于:所述调和油中γ-生育三烯酚含量为66 mg/Kg。
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