CN112005835A - Cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic vines - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic vines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and discloses a cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic and rattan. The cultivation method comprises the steps of applying controlled release fertilizer to garlic vines which are strong, strong and consistent in growth vigor, and carrying out daily maintenance; the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and is wrapped by a biodegradable semipermeable membrane; the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the controlled release fertilizer is 9-19: 6-14: 12 to 19. The inventor discovers that the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied is 9-19 through a large amount of innovative research: 6-14: the controlled release fertilizer of 12-19 can obviously improve the chlorophyll content and the dry-fresh weight ratio of the leaves of the allium sativum, and especially has obvious influence on the flowering quantity, the flower diameter and the like of the allium sativum. In addition, the gibberellin is cooperated with the naphthylacetic acid and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, so that the beneficial effects of the garlic clove vine, such as chlorophyll content, flower number, flower diameter and the like, can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic and rattan.
Background
Garlic stem (Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry) is a climbing plant of Bignoniaceae, is evergreen, trumpet-shaped, pink or pink-red, has a flower and fruit period of 4-11 months, favors sexual warm and humid climate and an environment with sufficient sunlight, grows at a proper temperature of 18-28 ℃, and needs full-sunlight cultivation. The garlic and the rattan have dense and dense branches and leaves and colorful flowers, can be planted on land or potted plants, can also be used as a fence, enclosure beautification or pavilion or shed frame decoration, and can also be used as climbing flowers or hanging flowers on a balcony. In addition, because the garlic rattan has strong garlic fragrance, the garlic rattan can be used as a substitute of garlic for cooking, and the root, stem and leaf of the garlic rattan can be used as medicines, and has certain curative effect on respiratory diseases such as cold, fever, sore throat and the like. As a newly developed vertical greening plant, the garlic clove vine has the advantages of strong adaptability, less plant diseases and insect pests, extensive cultivation management and strong ornamental value, is very popular in the market and has wide development prospect.
The controlled release fertilizer means that the release efficiency of the fertilizer is consistent with the amount of nutrients required by crops in the growth period as much as possible to realize the highest utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, and is the high-grade performance of the controlled release fertilizer. The analysis given by the first place of college of agriculture of China is that the slow release fertilizer refers to a fertilizer in which the release speed of nutrients in the fertilizer is much lower than the speed of dissolving and releasing the nutrients of the same fertilizer in soil, and the nutrients of the slow release fertilizer can be fully absorbed by plants. The controlled release fertilizer refers to a fertilizer which can adjust and control the nutrient release rate of the fertilizer to be consistent with the nutrient absorbed by crops in the growth period.
However, the flowering period of the allium sativum is short, the allium sativum blooms most vigorously in 9-10 months of early autumn at the end of summer, the flowering period is only 1 month approximately, the single flowering period is about 5 days, the flower opening density is not high, and the ornamental value is influenced.
Therefore, the method has important values for improving the green leaf and flower quantity and the duration time of the flowering phase of the garlic clove vine, prolonging the flowering phase and improving the ornamental value of the climbing plant, providing timed and high-quality plants for holidays, exhibitions and the like, enabling the plants to grow in a balanced manner and solving the problem of vigorous and uneven market supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the ornamental value of the garlic clove vines.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving ornamental value of Garlic rattan comprises selecting Garlic rattan with robust and consistent growth vigor, applying controlled release fertilizer, and performing daily maintenance; the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and is wrapped by a biodegradable semipermeable membrane; the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the controlled release fertilizer is 9-19: 6-14: 12 to 19.
The inventor discovers that the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied is 9-19 through a large amount of innovative research: 6-14: the controlled release fertilizer of 12-19 can obviously improve the chlorophyll content and the dry-fresh weight ratio of the leaves of the allium sativum, particularly the flowering number, the flower diameter and the like of the allium sativum.
Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the controlled release fertilizer is 14:14: 14. 9:14:19, or 19:6: 12.
preferably, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the controlled release fertilizer are respectively water-soluble ammonium or urea, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride and water-soluble potassium.
Preferably, the semipermeable membrane of the controlled release fertilizer is made of one or more of cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, methacrylic acid, polyurethane and the like. The semipermeable membrane is made of a polyurethane material, and the proportion of the polyurethane component is 60-70%.
Preferably, the controlled release fertilizer is applied 3cm around the root system.
Preferably, spraying a medicament on the leaf surfaces of the plants every 5-8 days until the initial flowering phase; the medicament is an aqueous solution consisting of gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The inventor unexpectedly finds the influence of various substances on the flowering phase of the allium sativum, wherein the beneficial effect of regulating the flowering phase of the allium sativum can be achieved by the cooperation of gibberellin and naphthylacetic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the concentration of gibberellin is 60 mg/L-80 mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 30 mg/L-40 mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 1600 mg/L-2500 mg/L.
Preferably, the concentration of gibberellin is 75mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 35mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 2000 mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the inventor creatively provides a technical scheme for cultivating the allium sativum by adopting the controlled release fertilizer through a large amount of researches, and in addition, beneficial effects such as chlorophyll content, flower number, flower diameter and the like of the allium sativum can be improved by cooperation of gibberellin and naphthylacetic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Compared with a comparative example group using a common compound fertilizer, the content of chlorophyll of the garlic clove stems using the controlled-release fertilizer is averagely higher by 12.6%, and the content of chlorophyll of an experimental group spraying the pesticide is averagely higher by 20.6%, so that a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
Compared with a comparative example group using a common compound fertilizer, the dry-fresh weight ratio of the garlic clove rattan using the controlled-release fertilizer is averagely higher by 3%, and the dry-fresh weight ratio of an experimental group spraying the medicament is averagely higher by 10.8%, so that a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
Compared with a comparative example group using a common compound fertilizer, the flowering cumulative number of the garlic vines using the controlled-release fertilizer is higher by 53.9 percent on average, and the flowering cumulative number of an experimental group spraying the medicament is higher by 68.2 percent on average, so that a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
Compared with a comparative example group using a common compound fertilizer, the diameter of the garlic clove vine flowers using the controlled-release fertilizer is averagely higher by 15.7%, and the diameter of the flowers of an experimental group spraying the chemical is averagely higher by 26.3%, so that a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
Therefore, the controlled release fertilizer and the spraying agent can achieve or be superior to the effects of the common compound fertilizer and a control group (without fertilizer application), promote the growth of the garlic clover plants, increase the flowering quantity and improve the ornamental value.
Detailed Description
Examples are given below to specifically describe the present invention, and raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are commercially available.
1. Test material and reagent instrument
The garlic clove vine plant for the test is purchased from Guangzhou Fangcun flower wholesale market, pots used for cultivation are flowerpots with the caliber of 17cm and the height of 14cm, each pot is planted with a garlic clove vine, the matrix of the pot culture is laterite matrix provided by virtue of the virtue horticulture company, the pot culture is placed in an open planting area, and all the pot culture are supported by shelves built by bamboos in order to prevent the pot culture from being blown down by wind.
The tests were carried out in the open-air growing area of the Hou Pou, Cai-Nanlu, Houde gardening company, in the cloudband area of Guangzhou City.
Controlled release fertilizer No. 1: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 14:14:14
Controlled release fertilizer No. 2: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 9:14:19
Controlled release fertilizer No. 3: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 19:6:12
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the controlled release fertilizer are respectively water-soluble ammonium or urea, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride and water-soluble potassium. Preferably urea, diammonium phosphate, K2O。
The semipermeable membrane of the controlled release fertilizer is made of one or more of cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, methacrylic acid, polyurethane and the like. The semipermeable membrane is made of a polyurethane material, and the proportion of the polyurethane component is 60-70%.
Specifically, the semipermeable membrane is made of a polyurethane material, and the proportion of the polyurethane component is 65%.
The controlled release fertilizer is prepared by a conventional production process.
Ordinary compound fertilizer No. 1: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 14:14:14,
ordinary compound fertilizer No. 2: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 19:6:12,
common compound fertilizer No. 3: the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 9:14: 19.
The 3 kinds of common compound fertilizer are all prepared from urea, diammonium phosphate and K2Taking O as a main component and sand as a filler, and then mixing the materials according to a certain mixing ratio.
Gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which are purchased from Hangzhou xylophyta limited, and a matrix is prepared by mixing garden soil and perlite.
The concentration of gibberellin is 60 mg/L-80 mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 30 mg/L-40 mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 1600 mg/L-2500 mg/L.
Specifically, the concentration of gibberellin was 75mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid was 35mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate was 2000 mg/L.
Electronic balance, 1000ml spray bottle (for foliar spray application), 1000ml beaker several, ruler, electronic slide caliper and chlorophyll meter SPAD-502plus were all from secondary happy academy of agricultural engineering horticulture laboratory.
2. Test method
And 6, 8 days in 2019, selecting garlic clove vine plants with consistent growth vigor and planting the garlic clove vine plants in the plastic pots, wherein one garlic clove vine plant is planted in each pot.
And after 6 months and 20 days, starting fertilization treatment, and putting 5g of the controlled release fertilizer No. 1, the controlled release fertilizer No. 2 and the controlled release fertilizer No. 3 in each pot at one time to be applied to the position 3cm around the root system.
2.5g of common compound fertilizer is put in advance, and is also applied to the position 3cm around the root system, and the rest 2.5g is applied again in 9 months.
Using different medicaments to carry out foliage spraying on the plants, wherein the spraying time is 3 in the afternoon: 00-4: 00, treating for 1 time every 5-8 d.
The experiment is totally provided with 10 treatments, including 3 different controlled release fertilizers, 3 different controlled release fertilizers and spraying agents, 3 different common compound fertilizers and a group of control groups without fertilization, wherein the fertilization treatment groups fertilize 3 pots each time and repeat for 3 times. The specific formulation is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental protocols
3. Measurement of index
1) Chlorophyll content
Measuring the chlorophyll content of the allium chinense leaves by using a portable chlorophyll measuring instrument of Conicamedada SPAD-502Plus, measuring chlorophyll data once a month, measuring each pot of plants of the treatment group, and randomly extracting 3-5 leaves from the 4 th-6 th section of the leaf from the top of the plant to obtain data.
2) Dry to fresh weight ratio of leaves
The whole growth process is carried out for 4 times, the overground parts of the plants are collected, cleaned, wiped to be dry, then the fresh weight is weighed, and the fresh weight is put into a moisture tester to be dried, and the dry weight is weighed. In order to reduce the workload and the influence of collecting the overground part on the plant growth, the collection is only carried out for 3 times in each time.
3) Flowering record
After the reproductive growth period begins, the number of flowering and the number of withered flowers on the same day are recorded every 1-4 days, and the number of flowering and withered flowers are accumulated.
4) Diameter measurement of flowers
After the reproductive growth period, the diameter of flowering of each group was recorded with a ruler and counted after the recording was completed.
5) Data statistics and analysis
And performing correlation analysis and charting on the test data by using Excel software and SPSS 17.0 software.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
1. influence of different schemes on chlorophyll content of garlic clove vine plant leaves
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatment/Experimental protocols on chlorophyll content of Garlic plant leaves
From table 2, it can be seen that in the measured values of 5 months, the data of the experimental group and the comparative group basically show a descending trend with time, except that the descending amplitude is different, while the chlorophyll content of the control group is always kept at a lower level compared with the other groups, which indicates that the total chlorophyll content of the leaves can be improved by applying fertilizer.
The comparative example group 2 had a high nitrogen content, and the measured values were higher compared to the other two groups of conventional compound fertilizers.
Experimental group 3 showed a slight increase in chlorophyll content between the 9 and 10 month measurements. The measured values of experimental group 2 with higher nitrogen content at months 8 and 9 were also maintained at relatively high values, showing a downward trend by month 10.
It can be seen from table 1 that the chlorophyll content of comparative examples 1 to 3 remained high in the early stage (8-9 months), while the decrease in the middle and late stages (10-12 months) was large. Compared with 1-3 comparative example groups, the chlorophyll content of 6 experimental groups is not reduced so much, the fertilizer efficiency of the common compound fertilizer is not long-lasting, and the main reason for the rapid reduction of the measured values of the 3 comparative example groups is also. Therefore, the controlled release fertilizer used in the experimental groups 1-6 has a lasting effect, can improve the chlorophyll content of the allium sativum for a long time, keeps the vitality of plants and the like, and has a remarkable effect. For example, from the data of 9 months, the chlorophyll content of the experimental groups 1 to 3 was higher by 12.6% on average than that of the comparative groups 1 to 3.
As can be seen from the comparison between the experimental groups 1 to 3 and the experimental groups 4 to 6, the new formula medicament provided by the inventor has a remarkable effect of improving the chlorophyll content of the allium sativum. For example, from the data of 9 months, the chlorophyll content of the experimental groups 4-6 is 7% higher than that of the experimental groups 1-3 on average, and an unexpected effect is achieved; the chlorophyll content of the experimental groups 4-6 is higher than that of the comparative groups 1-3 by 20.6% on average, and a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
2. Influence of different treatment/experiment schemes on dry-fresh weight ratio of garlic clove vine plant leaves
TABLE 3 influence of different treatment/Experimental protocols on the dry-fresh weight ratio of leaves of Garlic plant
| For the first time (8 months) | The second time (9 months) | The third time (10 months) | Fourth time (12 months) | |
| Experimental group 1 | 44.32±1.12ab | 43.76±0.76ab | 42.39±1,55ab | 41.76±0.80ab |
| Experimental group 2 | 45.47±0.81a | 46.38±2.82a | 44.51±2.05a | 43.13±1.67a |
| Experimental group 3 | 44.14±0.78ab | 42.94±2.34b | 41.63±1.39bc | 40.26±0.95bc |
| Experimental group 4 | 47.64±1.33ab | 46.89±0.72ab | 44.69±1.15ab | 42.96±0.82ab |
| Experimental group 5 | 51.37±0.70a | 49.54±2.22a | 47.63±2.14a | 45.32±1.76a |
| Experimental group 6 | 48.96±0.48ab | 46.85±2.3b | 44.69±1.41bc | 42.55±0.87bc |
| Comparative example group 1 | 45.65±0.92a | 44.32±0.81ab | 41.87±0.87bc | 40.18±1.21bc |
| Comparative example group 2 | 43.58±1.34b | 43.63±1.61ab | 41.31±1.41bc | 40.00±0.90bc |
| Comparative example group 3 | 43.27±0.39b | 41.28±1.00b | 41.08±0.78bc | 39.33±1.20c |
| Control group | 42.94±0.32b | 41.39±0.41b | 39.43±0.69c | 36.67±1.16d |
The dry-fresh weight ratio of the plant shows the accumulation of dry matter of the plant. As can be seen from table 3, the overall trend was decreasing in each group over 4 measurements, with different magnitudes of decrease. The control group was significantly different from the other groups, and the measured values were all maintained at a low level, indicating that fertilization promoted accumulation of plant dry matter.
Of the three common compound fertilizers, the four measurements of comparative example group 1 were all higher than those of the other two groups. The values measured for comparative example 3 were all lower than those of the other two groups, and the values were also the most rapidly decreasing, possibly related to the lower nitrogen content/volatility. The data for the three common compound fertilizer assays were not significantly different in the 10 month assay.
As can be seen from the comparison of the experimental groups 1 to 3 and the experimental groups 4 to 6, the new formula medicament provided by the inventor has a remarkable effect of improving the dry-fresh weight ratio of the garlic clover. For example, the dry-fresh weight ratio of the experimental groups 1-3 is higher than that of the comparative groups 1-3 by 3% on average from the data of 9 months. The dry-fresh weight ratio of the experimental groups 4-6 is averagely higher by 7.7% than that of the experimental groups 1-3, and unexpected effects are achieved; the dry-fresh weight ratio of the experimental groups 4-6 is 10.8% higher than that of the comparative groups 1-3 on average, and a better and outstanding effect is achieved.
The test result shows that the controlled release fertilizer is more beneficial to the growth of the allium chinense compared with the common compound fertilizer and is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matters of plant bodies. The accumulation of dry matter is related to the amount of nitrogen element in the fertilizer, and the more nitrogen element the fertilizer provides, the more the plant dry matter accumulates.
3. Influence of different schemes on flowering of garlic clove vine plants
TABLE 4 cumulative statistics of flowering rate of Garlic vines according to different schemes
In the production of flowers, the yield of the flowers is an important index for measuring the ornamental value of the flowers. According to the past years, the flowering period of the allium sativum is concentrated in 9 and 10 months, but due to climate reasons, the flowering period of the allium sativum planted in 2019 in Guangzhou is shifted backwards and postponed to 10 and 11 months. Day 23 to 11 and 4 at month 10 are the first florescence, and day 11 to 12 and 11 at month 20 are the second florescence. In the first flowering phase, only one third of the test plants flowered, and by 11 months the second flowering phase achieved substantially all plants.
As can be seen from the cumulative statistical data of flowering of the garlic vines in table 4, in the first flowering period from 23 days at 10 months to 4 days at 11 months, the difference of the cumulative flowering amounts between all the groups is not large, and when the second flowering period is reached, the difference between the controlled release fertilizer group and the common compound fertilizer group is further increased. The control group is obviously compared with other groups, and the data of the control group are always kept at a lower level, which indicates that the fertilization can increase the flowering quantity of the garlic vines.
From table 4, the accumulative statistical data of flowering of the allium sativum, compared with the common compound fertilizer, the controlled release fertilizer can promote flowering of the allium sativum better, and has better fertilizer utilization rate, and from comparison of the accumulative data of 12 months and 11 days, the experimental groups 1 to 3 are higher than the accumulative data of the comparative groups 1 to 3 by 53.9% on average.
Among 3 kinds of common compound fertilizers, the comparative example group 1 has the largest number of flowers, the comparative example group 2 has the second largest number of flowers, and the comparative example group 3 with high phosphorus and potassium content has the smallest number of flowers, which may be related to the sizes of plant forms.
Of the 3 kinds of controlled release fertilizers, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 6 which have high phosphorus and high potassium have the largest flowering quantity, so that the phosphorus and potassium have obvious advantages on the flowering of the garlic clove vines, the flowering is promoted, and the ornamental value is improved.
As can be seen from the comparison of the experimental groups 1 to 3 and the experimental groups 4 to 6, the new formula medicament provided by the inventor has a remarkable effect of improving the flowering quantity of the garlic clover vines. For example, from the accumulated data of 12 months and 11 days, the cumulative number of flowering in the experimental groups 4-6 is 9.3% higher than that in the experimental groups 1-3 on average, and an unexpected effect is obtained. The average cumulative number of flowering in experimental groups 4-6 is 68.2% higher than that in comparative groups 1-3, and unexpected effects are achieved.
4. Influence of different schemes on the diameter of garlic clove vine flowers
TABLE 5 Effect of different protocols on Garlic clove bud diameter
| Mean diameter of blooming/cm | |
| Experimental group 1 | 4.06 |
| Experimental group 2 | 4.24 |
| Experimental group 3 | 4.45 |
| Experimental group 4 | 4.51 |
| Experimental group 5 | 4.62 |
| Experimental group 6 | 4.79 |
| Comparative example group 1 | 3.51 |
| Comparative example group 2 | 3.62 |
| Comparative example group 3 | 3.89 |
| Control group | 3.36 |
As can be seen from Table 5, the control group without fertilizer application had a lower value, indicating that the fertilizer application increased the diameter of the flowers of Garlic balsam stems, and produced a better potting effect and a better ornamental effect.
Of the 3 general compound fertilizers, the flower diameter was the largest in comparative example group 3, followed by comparative example group 2, and the value was the smallest in comparative example group 1.
As can be seen from the comparison of the experimental groups 1-3 and the experimental groups 4-6, the new formula medicament provided by the inventor has a remarkable effect of improving the diameters of the flowers of the allium sativum, and the diameters of the flowers of the experimental groups 4-6 are higher than those of the experimental groups 1-3 by 9.2% on average, so that unexpected effects are achieved; the average diameter of the flowers in the experimental groups 4-6 is higher than that in the comparative groups 1-3 by 26.3%, and a better and outstanding effect is achieved. The average diameter of the flowers in the experimental groups 1-3 is 15.7% higher than that in the comparative groups 1-3.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving ornamental value of a garlic rattan is characterized in that a garlic rattan with robust and consistent growth vigor is selected and applied with a controlled release fertilizer, and daily maintenance is carried out; the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and is wrapped by a biodegradable semipermeable membrane; the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the controlled release fertilizer is 9-19: 6-14: 12 to 19.
2. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic clove vine according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the controlled release fertilizer is 14:14: 14. 9:14:19, or 19:6: 12.
3. the cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic clove vine according to claim 2, wherein the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the controlled release fertilizer are water-soluble ammonium or urea, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride and water-soluble potassium respectively.
4. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of Garlic vine according to claim 1, wherein the semi-permeable membrane of the controlled release fertilizer is made of one or more of cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, methacrylic acid and polyurethane.
5. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic clove vine according to claim 1, wherein the controlled release fertilizer is applied to the area 3cm around the root system.
6. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of the garlic clove vine according to claim 1, wherein a chemical is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the plants every 5 to 8 days until the initial flowering phase;
the medicament is an aqueous solution consisting of gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
7. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic clove vine according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is 60mg/L to 80mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 30mg/L to 40mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 1600mg/L to 2500 mg/L.
8. The cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic clove vine according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is 75mg/L, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 35mg/L, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 2000 mg/L.
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