CN111992728A - Preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992728A CN111992728A CN202010853326.4A CN202010853326A CN111992728A CN 111992728 A CN111992728 A CN 111992728A CN 202010853326 A CN202010853326 A CN 202010853326A CN 111992728 A CN111992728 A CN 111992728A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy powder manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing, closing a vacuumizing system when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is molten, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, and smelting for the second time after the first smelting; s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas; s3, introducing the molten metal into the improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a flow guide pipe, and solidifying the molten metal into spherical powder particles in the liquid flying process; and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain the 3D printing metal powder. The 3D printing metal powder prepared by the VIGA method has the outstanding advantages of good sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, low oxygen content, good batch consistency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy powder manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing.
Background
The 3D printing is an emerging manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking materials layer by layer on the basis of a digital model, embodies the close combination of an information network technology, an advanced material technology and a digital manufacturing technology, and is an important component of the advanced manufacturing industry. Additive manufacturing has a profound effect on traditional process flow, production line, factory mode and industrial chain combination, and is a representative subversive technology of manufacturing industry. Because metal powder is expensive and related processes are immature, domestic 3D printing is still limited on plastic materials at present, the strength is low, and the characteristics of heat conduction and electric conduction are lacked, so that the application scene of the additive manufacturing technology is severely restricted, and particularly the direct manufacturing aspect of high-performance and difficult-to-process parts and dies in the fields of aerospace and the like is realized.
The patent with the publication number of CN109482862A discloses 3D printing metal powder and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal materials. Titanium alloy, nickel alloy and chromium alloy metal powder with larger apparent density is prepared. The preparation method of the metal powder specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating, namely cleaning titanium alloy, nickel metal and chromium metal to remove impurities, then respectively smelting and purifying, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment on each purified liquid for 40-80min to obtain each purified liquid; (2) ultrasonic water atomization, namely performing water atomization on each purified solution under the assistance of ultrasonic waves to prepare powder, and dehydrating, drying in vacuum and screening in grades the prepared powder; (3) and annealing, annealing the screened powder for 5-15 min, and stirring and mixing the annealed powder uniformly according to a ratio to obtain the 3D printing metal powder.
However, the patent of the invention has the following defects: 1. water vapor readily reacts with metals, resulting in water-atomized powders with a high oxygen content. 2. Only the apparent density of the product is considered, and the characteristics of the powder such as particle size distribution are not considered. 3. The yield is low (less than 20%), the nozzle is prone to failure and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the resistivity is reduced, a short-circuit gap exists and the heat conductivity and the magnetic conductivity cannot be simultaneously considered in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 2x10-1Pa～10x10-1After Pa, when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is melted and the air pressure reaches-0.05 Mpa to-0.03 Mpa, closing the vacuum-pumping system, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, standing for 20-25 min after the first smelting, and performing second smelting to ensure that the mother alloy phase is uniform;
s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, presetting the outflow aperture at the bottom of the tundish to be 3-7 mm, effectively controlling the flow of the metal liquid, ensuring the particle size distribution of powder particles, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas;
s3, introducing the molten metal into improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a flow guide pipe, atomizing and crushing the molten metal into a large number of fine liquid drops by high-pressure inert gas through a nozzle under the condition that the air pressure is 1-4 MPa, and solidifying the liquid into spherical powder particles in the flying process;
and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain the 3D printing metal powder.
Preferably, in the step S3, the high-pressure inert gas may be one or a mixture of helium and argon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the 3D printing metal powder prepared by the water atomization method has the prominent advantages of good sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, low oxygen content, good batch consistency and the like.
2. The invention adopts the improved vacuum atomization equipment, and has the advantages of low oxygen content of powder, good sphericity, fine granularity and high gas kinetic energy conversion rate. Is suitable for industrial production.
3. The atomizer provided by the invention adopts special materials and a reasonable structure (injection angle, air port and leakage nozzle width ratio, air inlet and outlet section ratio and air port shape), ensures the atomization efficiency, and solves the problem that the leakage nozzle is easy to block and the production is discontinuous.
In conclusion, the metal powder with smaller grain diameter can be obtained by impacting the molten metal flow with high-pressure water and high-pressure inert gas; the contact between water and metal powder is reduced, the oxygen content of the metal powder is effectively reduced, the improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment is utilized, the yield is improved, the preparation of the fine metal powder is very effective, the gas consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a metal powder according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1, a method of preparing a spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 2x10-1After Pa, when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is melted and the air pressure reaches-0.05 Mpa, closing the vacuum-pumping system, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, standing for 20min after the first smelting, and carrying out second smelting to ensure that the phase of the master alloy is uniform;
s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, presetting the outflow aperture at the bottom of the tundish to be 3mm, effectively controlling the flow of the metal liquid, ensuring the particle size distribution of powder particles, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas;
s3, introducing the molten metal into improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a guide pipe, atomizing and crushing the molten metal into a large number of fine liquid drops by a high-pressure inert gas (helium is selected as the high-pressure inert gas) through a nozzle under the condition that the air pressure is 1MPa, and solidifying the liquid into spherical powder particles in the flying process;
and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain a 3D printing metal powder finished product I.
Embodiment 2, a method of preparing a spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 6x10-1After Pa, when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is melted and the air pressure reaches-0.04 Mpa, closing the vacuum-pumping system, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, standing for 23min after the first smelting, and carrying out second smelting to ensure that the phase of the master alloy is uniform;
s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, presetting the outflow aperture at the bottom of the tundish to be 5mm, effectively controlling the flow of the metal liquid, ensuring the particle size distribution of powder particles, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas;
s3, introducing the molten metal into improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a guide pipe, atomizing and crushing the molten metal into a large number of fine liquid drops by high-pressure inert gas (argon is selected as the high-pressure inert gas) through a nozzle under the condition that the air pressure is 2MPa, and solidifying the liquid into spherical powder particles in the flying process;
and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain a 3D printing metal powder finished product II.
Embodiment 3, a method of preparing a spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10x10-1After Pa, when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is melted and the air pressure reaches-0.03 Mpa, closing the vacuum-pumping system, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, standing for 25min after the first smelting, and carrying out second smelting to ensure that the phase of the master alloy is uniform;
s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, presetting the outflow aperture at the bottom of the tundish to be 7mm, effectively controlling the flow of the metal liquid, ensuring the particle size distribution of powder particles, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas;
s3, introducing the molten metal into improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a guide pipe, atomizing and crushing the molten metal into a large number of fine liquid drops through a nozzle by high-pressure inert gas (the high-pressure inert gas is selected to be mixed with helium and argon) under the condition that the air pressure is 4MPa, and solidifying the liquid into spherical powder particles in the flying process;
and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain a 3D printing metal powder finished product III.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, putting the raw master alloy into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 2x10-1Pa～10x10-1After Pa, when the alloy in the induction smelting furnace is melted and the air pressure reaches-0.05 Mpa to-0.03 Mpa, closing the vacuum-pumping system, introducing inert gas, smelting the alloy, introducing inert protective gas in the smelting process, standing for 20-25 min after the first smelting, and performing second smelting to ensure that the mother alloy phase is uniform;
s2, putting the molten metal into a tundish, presetting the outflow aperture at the bottom of the tundish to be 3-7 mm, effectively controlling the flow of the metal liquid, ensuring the particle size distribution of powder particles, starting an inert gas heating device, and heating atomized gas;
s3, introducing the molten metal into improved tightly-coupled vacuum gas atomization equipment through a flow guide pipe, atomizing and crushing the molten metal into a large number of fine liquid drops by high-pressure inert gas through a nozzle under the condition that the air pressure is 1-4 MPa, and solidifying the liquid into spherical powder particles in the flying process;
and S4, performing water-powder separation through filtering and pressing, drying, and performing air flow classification to obtain the 3D printing metal powder.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the high-pressure inert gas is selected from helium, argon, or a mixture thereof.
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| CN202010853326.4A CN111992728A (en) | 2020-08-23 | 2020-08-23 | Preparation method of spherical metal powder for additive manufacturing |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112517918A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-19 | 青岛云路先进材料技术股份有限公司 | Preparation method and production equipment of high-sphericity gas atomized powder |
| CN112828296A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 中航迈特粉冶科技(固安)有限公司 | Preparation method of chromium powder |
| CN113275577A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-20 | 广州湘龙高新材料科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of zinc alloy additive |
| CN113369485A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-10 | 盘星新型合金材料(常州)有限公司 | Pilot-scale atomization furnace, Fe-based amorphous alloy powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN113414397A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-21 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Vacuum gas atomization continuous preparation method of iron-based metal powder |
| CN113547126A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-26 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preparing fine powder by tight coupling gas atomization for preventing guide pipe from being blocked |
| CN114951667A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preventing nozzle from being blocked in preparation of metal powder through gas atomization |
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| CN112828296A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 中航迈特粉冶科技(固安)有限公司 | Preparation method of chromium powder |
| CN113275577A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-20 | 广州湘龙高新材料科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of zinc alloy additive |
| CN113414397A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-21 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Vacuum gas atomization continuous preparation method of iron-based metal powder |
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| CN113369485A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-10 | 盘星新型合金材料(常州)有限公司 | Pilot-scale atomization furnace, Fe-based amorphous alloy powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN113547126A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-26 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preparing fine powder by tight coupling gas atomization for preventing guide pipe from being blocked |
| CN114951667A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preventing nozzle from being blocked in preparation of metal powder through gas atomization |
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Application publication date: 20201127 |