CN111972552A - 一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及动物饲料领域,具体涉及一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料及其制备方法。所述的高产奶牛精料补充料,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、100‑150份的玉米胚芽粕、50‑100份的麸皮、300‑350份的甜菜粕、200‑300份的大豆皮、50‑100份的DDGS。本发明所述的高产奶牛精料补充料,日粮纤维及添加剂搭配合理,可以有效改善奶牛的食欲,提高夏季奶牛干物质的采食量,减少热应激对奶牛乳脂标造成的影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料技术领域,具体涉及一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近几年,随着国内奶牛养殖业向规模化、集约化方向迅速发展,很多牧场生产水平已取得显著提升。但是在华北地区及南方,夏季的热应激对于奶牛影响非常大,严重影响奶牛干物质采食量。导致牛的体况、发情、泌乳量、乳指标严重下降。如图1所示,随着季节的变化,从四月底至八月初之间,由于进入夏季,气温的升高,奶牛的产奶量以及奶蛋白含量呈梯度大幅度下降。奶牛的产奶量除了受高温影响,还受到潮湿度的影响,如图2所示。热应激除了对奶牛的产奶量造成影响的同时,还对奶牛的机体生长、繁殖、发情具有抑制作用。有研究显示,在炎热的夏季,奶牛发情不明显,受胎率下降,胚胎死亡率增加,怀胎间距较冬季长20天等。
因此,改善奶牛热应激的方案已经得到牧场的广泛认识。通过改良饲喂饲料改善热应激,有利于提高牧场奶牛的总体产奶量以及奶牛全群的繁殖率,继而提高牧场全年的盈利水平,最终维持牧场的可持续发展。但是,现有改善热应激对奶牛造成影响的饲料配方中,一般存在以下缺陷:
(1)饲料配方中,日粮纤维及添加剂搭配不合理,无法改善奶牛的食欲,提高夏季奶牛干物质的采食量;
(2)泌乳期奶牛受热应激的影响,采食量减少、机体营养流失较快,现有改善热应激的饲料配方中,多种微生物与矿物质添加比例不合理,无法满足奶牛的日常营养需求,继而影响奶牛的机体抵抗能力、繁殖能力。
发明内容
为了减少热应激对奶牛干物质采食量的影响,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种日粮纤维及添加剂搭配合理、营养均衡的高产奶牛精料补充料及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、100-150份的玉米胚芽粕、50-100份的麸皮、300-350份的甜菜粕、200-300份的大豆皮、50-100份的DDGS。
作为优选地,所述高产奶牛精料补充料还包括天然植物诱食剂1-3份。
进一步地,每千克预混料中,包括以下组份:维生素A乙酸酯:1-2g、维生素D3:0.2-0.5g、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯:4-15g、甘氨酸铜螯合物:1-3g、硫酸锌:8-25g、硫酸锰:15-30g、碘酸钙:25-60g、氯化钴:10-20g、***钠:3-5g、酵母硒:1-5g、赖氨酸:2-4g、磷盐:10-30g,其余量为载体。
作为优选,所述载体为次粉。
本发明所述应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料适用于泌乳期奶牛。
上述应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料的制备方法具体为:
(1)按配方称取各原料,并按照粉碎粒度的要求进行各原料的粉碎;
(2)将粉碎后的各原料放入混合机进行混合;
(3)按照制粒工艺将混合后的原料进行制粒;
(4)冷却得到本发明所述高产奶牛精料补充料。
在本发明所述的高产奶牛精料补充料配方中,各组分添加的作用如下:
玉米胚芽粕:玉米胚芽粕是以玉米胚芽为原料,经压榨或浸提取油后的副产品。玉米胚芽粕中含粗蛋白质18%-20%,粗纤维11%-12%。
麸皮:麸皮是小麦加工加工面粉后得到的副产品。小麦麸含有丰富的膳食纤维。在饲料配方中适当添加麸皮提高饲料中膳食纤维成分,在高温环境下可促进泌乳牛消化***的正常工作,降低腹泻发生率。
甜菜粕:甜菜粕是一种甜菜制糖工业的副产物。甜菜粕适口性好,纤维含量较高、营养物质较丰富,是一种优质廉价的饲料添加剂。在饲料配方中,可改善泌乳牛的食欲、提高泌乳期奶牛产奶量和乳脂率。
大豆皮:大豆皮是大豆制油工艺的副产品,粗纤维含量为38%,粗蛋白12.2%,大豆皮含有大量的粗纤维,可提高干物质的消化率。大豆皮营养价值优于玉米,可明显提高泌乳奶牛的产奶量及奶白蛋白含量。但是,大豆皮在饲料配方中的所占比例不宜过大。
DDGS是酒糟蛋白饲料的商品名,即含有可溶固形物的干酒糟,含有发酵中生成的未知促生长因子。DDGS可提高瘤胃发酵功能,提供过瘤胃蛋白质,转化纤维为能量,适口性和食用安全性强,是磷和钾等矿物质的优秀来源。由于新鲜或干燥DDGS中脂肪和有效纤维替代可溶性碳水化合物和淀粉有助于维持瘤胃微生态的平衡和稳定瘤胃pH值,因此,新鲜或干燥DDGS能减少瘤胃酸中毒。
在本发明所述应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料配方中:
大豆皮、玉米胚芽粕、甜菜粕、麸皮中含有高含量且易于消化吸收的粗纤维,作为配方中的日粮纤维供应源;
甜菜粕可以增加饲料的适口性;
DDGS用于促进瘤胃发酵功能、维持瘤胃微生态;
预混料用于提供奶牛每日所需多种维生素、矿物质和微量元素。
天然植物诱食剂用于增加奶牛的食欲。
本发明同现有技术相比具有以下优点及效果:
1、在本发明所述应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料配方中,通过添加大豆皮、甜菜粕、玉米胚芽粕、麸皮作为日粮粗纤维的主要供应源,由于大豆皮营养价值优于麸皮、玉米胚芽粕,可明显提高泌乳奶牛的产奶量及奶白蛋白含量。但是,大豆皮在饲料配方中的所占比例不宜过大。所以本发明中将大豆皮限定为200-300份,甜菜粕限定为300-350份,玉米胚芽粕与麸皮依次减少,分别为100-150份、50-100份。其中,将甜菜粕的重量份数限定比例最大,可以有效改善热应激对泌乳奶牛食欲造成的影响,增加了牛的食欲,从而大大提高了奶牛干物质采食量;将大豆皮的重量份数限定仅少于甜菜粕,可以有效提高泌乳奶牛的产奶量及奶白蛋白含量,以弥补热应激下,奶牛产奶量及奶白蛋白含量的下降。
2、在本发明所述的预混料配方中,添加优质的矿物质和维生素,且额外添加了热应激易流失的微量元素硒、锰、锌、钴等,提高了奶牛自身机体的免疫力,提高抗病力和改善繁殖力。
3、在本发明所述的高产奶牛精料补充料配方中,多种可消化纤维的合理搭配,提高奶牛干物质采食量的同时,通过添加50-100份的DDGS,用于提高奶牛瘤胃发酵功能,降低瘤胃隐形酸中毒的发生,降低消化***疾病的发病率。
4、在本发明所述的高产奶牛精料补充料配方中,通过天然植物诱食剂的添加,可以有效增加牛的食欲,从而大大提高奶牛的干物质采食量。
5、在本发明所述的预混料配方中,还添加了适量的赖氨酸,进一步为热应激下的泌乳牛提供了维持机体功能所必须的蛋白质,继而有效保障了泌乳量及奶蛋白含量。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为热应激对奶牛产奶量及奶蛋白含量影响的曲线图。
图2为温湿度对奶牛产奶量影响的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以下实施例是对本发明的解释而本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、100份的玉米胚芽粕、50份的麸皮、300份的甜菜粕、200份的大豆皮、50份的DDGS。其中,每千克所述预混料中,含有以下组份:维生素A乙酸酯:1g、维生素D3:0.2g、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯:4g、甘氨酸铜螯合物:1g、硫酸锌:8g、硫酸锰:15g、碘酸钙:25g、氯化钴:10g、***钠:3g、酵母硒:1g、赖氨酸:4g、磷盐:10g,其余量为载体,所述载体为次粉。
实施例2:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、150份的玉米胚芽粕、100份的麸皮、350份的甜菜粕、300份的大豆皮、100份的DDGS。每千克所述预混料中,包含以下组份:维生素A乙酸酯:2g、维生素D3:0.5g、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯:15g、甘氨酸铜螯合物:3g、硫酸锌:25g、硫酸锰:30g、碘酸钙:60g、氯化钴:20g、***钠:5g、酵母硒:5g、赖氨酸:2g、磷盐:30g,其余量为载体,所述载体为次粉。
实施例3:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、120份的玉米胚芽粕、80份的麸皮、320份的甜菜粕、250份的大豆皮、80份的DDGS。每千克所述预混料中,包括以下组份:维生素A乙酸酯:1.5g、维生素D3:0.3g、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯:10g、甘氨酸铜螯合物:2g、硫酸锌:16g、硫酸锰:20g、碘酸钙:50g、氯化钴:15g、***钠:4g、酵母硒:3g、赖氨酸:3g、磷盐:20g,其余量为载体。
实施例4:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,与实施例1的区别在于,所述高产奶牛精料补充料中,还包括天然植物诱食剂1份。
实施例5:一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,与实施例2的区别在于,所述高产奶牛精料补充料中,还包括天然植物诱食剂3份。
实施例1至5所述应对热应激的的高产奶牛精料补充料,适用于泌乳期奶牛食用,尤其适用于热应激下的泌乳期奶牛食用,可提升泌乳牛干物质采食量、改善瘤胃稳态。
实施例6:一种实施例1至5所述应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配方称取各原料,并按照粉碎粒度的要求进行各原料的粉碎;
(2)将粉碎后的各原料放入混合机进行混合;
(3)按照制粒工艺将混合后的原料进行制粒;
(4)冷却得到本发明所述高产奶牛精料补充料。
应用试验例:以下通过试验的方式,验证饲喂本发明所述的应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,泌乳奶牛在热应激下,乳指标的变化。
实验地点:河间集盛奶牛养殖场
实验时间:2019年7月19日至2019年9月30日
实验开始前牧场乳指标数据如下表1所示:
表1
实验结束后牧场乳指标数据如下表2所示:
表2
对表1、表2进行分析:从6月份开始进入热应激,2016年6月2日开始时的乳蛋白百分含量为3.25%,乳脂肪百分含量为3.90%;进入9月份,经过3个月的热应激,乳指标应该下降的很快,但是实际没有下降,2019年9月12日乳蛋白为3.38%,乳脂肪为4.06%。实验结果表明,热应激期间通过饲喂实施例1至5所述的任一高产奶牛精料补充料极大增加了奶牛干物质采食量,促进了乳指标提升。
此外,需要说明的是,本说明书中所描述的具体实施例,其零、部件的形状、所取名称等可以不同。凡依本发明专利构思所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效或简单变化,均包括于本发明专利的保护范围内。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份数的原料:10份的预混料、100-150份的玉米胚芽粕、50-100份的麸皮、300-350份的甜菜粕、200-300份的大豆皮、50-100份的DDGS。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,其特征在于,所述高产奶牛精料补充料还包括天然植物诱食剂1-3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,其特征在于,每千克预混料中,包括以下组份:维生素A乙酸酯:1-2g、维生素D3:0.2-0.5g、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯:4-15g、甘氨酸铜螯合物:1-3g、硫酸锌:8-25g、硫酸锰:15-30g、碘酸钙:25-60g、氯化钴:10-20g、***钠:3-5g、酵母硒:1-5g、赖氨酸:2-4g、磷盐:10-30g,其余量为载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,其特征在于,所述载体为次粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料,其特征在于,所述高产奶牛精料补充料适用于泌乳期奶牛。
6.一种权利要求1至5所述任一应对热应激的高产奶牛精料补充料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配方称取各原料,并按照粉碎粒度的要求进行各原料的粉碎;
(2)将粉碎后的各原料放入混合机进行混合;
(3)按照制粒工艺将混合后的原料进行制粒;
(4)冷却得到高产奶牛精料补充料。
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