CN111936567A - 电线和电缆涂料用发泡聚烯烃组合物 - Google Patents
电线和电缆涂料用发泡聚烯烃组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111936567A CN111936567A CN201980023798.2A CN201980023798A CN111936567A CN 111936567 A CN111936567 A CN 111936567A CN 201980023798 A CN201980023798 A CN 201980023798A CN 111936567 A CN111936567 A CN 111936567A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- polymer
- blowing agent
- moisture
- ethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 24
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 7
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical group NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVOZXXSUSRZIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prop-2-enylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CCC1CCCCC1 KVOZXXSUSRZIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L (z)-but-2-enedioate;dibutyltin(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.CCCC[Sn+2]CCCC ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003341 Bronsted base Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQGHDAKCDGEWNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M C[Sn](C)O Chemical compound C[Sn](C)O OQGHDAKCDGEWNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000666896 Homo sapiens V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000034 Plastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100038282 V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920010346 Very Low Density Polyethylene (VLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(ethenyl)silyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)C=C NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBJODVYWAQLZOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(octanoyloxy)stannyl] octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCC NBJODVYWAQLZOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RMKZLFMHXZAGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethoxy(propyl)silyl]oxymethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCOC(=O)C=C RMKZLFMHXZAGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PZGVVCOOWYSSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L but-2-enedioate;dioctyltin(2+) Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn]1(CCCCCCCC)OC(=O)C=CC(=O)O1 PZGVVCOOWYSSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L diacetyloxytin Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Sn]OC(C)=O PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J dodecanoate tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;oct-1-ene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCCCC=C HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluquinconazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1N1C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N=C1N1C=NC=N1 IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006029 tetra-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/201—Pre-melted polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
- C08F230/085—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon the monomer being a polymerisable silane, e.g. (meth)acryloyloxy trialkoxy silanes or vinyl trialkoxysilanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/005—Processes for mixing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
- C08K5/57—Organo-tin compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0892—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms containing monomers with other atoms than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/022—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments premixing or pre-blending a part of the components of a foamable composition, e.g. premixing the polyol with the blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst and only adding the isocyanate at the time of foaming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/06—Electrical wire insulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2343/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2343/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2400/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2400/10—Polymers characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08J2400/108—Polymers characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing hydrolysable silane groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/26—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K2003/309—Sulfur containing acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/066—LDPE (radical process)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
一种熔融共混的组合物,按组合物的重量计,其包含按重量计(wt%):(A)55至94.98wt%的热塑性聚合物,(B)5至44.98wt%的湿气可固化聚合物,(C)0.01至5wt%的水分凝结催化剂,以及(D)0.01至5wt%的发泡剂,与在所有方面都相似的组合物相比,除了湿气可固化的聚合物的存在外,其显示出增强的发泡、流变和机械性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡电线和电缆涂料组合物。一方面,本发明涉及发泡聚烯烃电线和电缆涂料组合物,而另一方面,本发明涉及包含热塑性聚合物和湿气可固化的聚烯烃的共混物的此类组合物。
背景技术
对于许多电力和电信电缆来说,期望生产具有改善的机械性能(例如拉伸、伸长率、压碎强度等)同时保持良好的热稳定性和良好的电信号保护性能的泡沫。发泡组合物的应用范围从减轻电缆的重量到由于需要较少的材料节省而能够节省成本,到使电缆容易安装的更高灵活性。对于双绞线类数据电缆来说,需要展现较高耐压性和耐温性的,用于电气信号保护的高性能发泡绝缘材料。在这些应用中,出现了一种新趋势,即越来越多地使用低压信号通过数据电缆本身为设备供电(以太网供电-PoE),从而导致电缆束的工作温度升高。当电缆温度因可能的材料软化而升高时,泡沫绝缘材料具有长期承受压应力的能力,这令人担忧。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种熔融共混的组合物,基于组合物的重量,其包含按重量计(wt%):
(A)55至94.98wt%的热塑性聚合物,
(B)5至44.98wt%的湿气可固化聚合物,
(C)0.01至5wt%的水分凝结催化剂,以及
(D)0.01至5wt%的发泡剂。
在一个实施方案中,通过一种方法制备组合物,其中将热塑性聚合物和湿气固化性的聚烯烃与水分凝结催化剂和发泡剂熔融共混。在一个实施方案中,在熔融共混之后使组合物发泡。在一个实施方案中,然后将所得的熔融共混的发泡组合物进行湿气固化步骤。
附图说明
图1是显示了在实施例中报道的对比和发明组合物的复数粘度的流变曲线。
图2是显示了实施例中报道的对比和本发明组合物的弹性(G'/G")的流变曲线。
具体实施方式
定义
出于美国专利实务的目的,任何所提及的专利、专利申请或公开的内容都以全文引用的方式并入(或其等效美国版本以引用的方式如此并入),尤其在定义(在不与本公开中具体提供的任何定义不一致的程度上)和所属领域中的常识的公开方面。
本文公开的数值范围包括来自下限值与上限值的所有值,并且包括下限值和上限值。对于含有确切值的范围(例如,1到7),包括任何两个确切值之间的任何子范围(例如,1到2;2到6;5到7;3到7;5到6等)。
术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”及其派生词,并不意图排除任何额外的组分、步骤或程序的存在,无论它们是否具体公开。为了避免任何疑问,除非有相反的说明,否则通过使用术语“包含”要求保护的所有组合物可以包括任何附加添加剂、助剂或化合物,无论是聚合的还是其他形式。与之形成对比,术语“基本上由…组成”从任何后续叙述的范围中排除任何其他组分、步骤或程序,对操作性不是必需的那些除外。术语“由…组成”不包括未明确描绘或列出的任何组分、步骤或程序。除非另外说明,否则术语“或”是指单独列出的以及以任何组合列出的成员。单数的使用包含复数的使用,反之亦然。
任何情况下提及的元素周期表都是如由CRC出版社公司(CRC Press,Inc.)于1990-1991年出版的。对表中的一组元素的引用是通过对组进行编号的新符号表示的。
除非有相反的说明,否则根据上下文隐含或本领域习惯,所有份数和百分数均基于重量,并且所有测试方法均为截至本公开提交之日的现行方法。
“电线”是单股导电金属(例如,铜或铝)或单股光纤。
“电缆”和类似术语表示在保护性绝缘,护套或护套内的至少一根电线或光纤。通常,电缆是绑在一起的两根或多根电线和/或光纤,通常在普通的保护性绝缘层,护套或护套中。外套内的单根电线或纤维可能裸露,覆盖或绝缘。组合电缆可能同时包含电线和光纤。电缆等可以设计用于任何电压应用,例如低,中,高,超高等。6,496,629和6,714,707。
“聚合物”是指通过使相同或不同的单体反应(即,聚合)制备的化合物。因此,通用术语聚合物涵盖术语均聚物,其通常用于指仅由一种类型的单体制备的聚合物,并且术语共聚物通常用于指由至少两种类型的单体制备的聚合物。
“互聚物”和“共聚物”是指通过至少两种不同类型的单体聚合制备的聚合物。这些通用术语既包括经典共聚物,即由两种不同类型的单体制备的聚合物,又包括由多于两种的不同类型的单体制备的聚合物,例如三元共聚物、四元共聚物等。
“烯烃”和类似术语是指烃(包含氢(H)和碳(C)的化合物),其分子包含通过双键连接在一起的一对碳原子。
“聚烯烃”和类似术语是指由简单烯烃(也称为通式CnH2n的烯烃)作为单体生产的一类聚合物。例如,聚乙烯是聚烯烃通过聚合烯烃乙烯生产。聚丙烯是聚烯烃通过聚合烯烃丙烯制备。
“乙烯属聚合物”、“乙烯聚合物”、“聚乙烯”和类似术语是指含有衍生自乙烯的单元的聚合物。乙烯聚合物通常包含至少50摩尔%(mol%)的衍生自乙烯的单元。
“硅烷官能化的聚烯烃”和类似术语是指包含硅烷官能度的烯烃聚合物。硅烷官能度是将可水解的不饱和硅烷(例如乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷)接枝到烯烃(例如乙烯)的聚合物主链上的结果,例如,USP 3,646,155或6,048,935中所述,或者是将可水解的不饱和硅烷进行共聚烯烃的例子是SI-LINKTM DFDA-5451,其为乙烯和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的共聚物,可从DowDuPont获得。
“共混物”、“聚合物共混物”和类似术语意指两种或更多种聚合物的组合物。这种共混物可以是或可以不是可混溶的。这样的组合可以相分离或者可以不相分离。这样的组合可以包含或可以不包含一个或多个域结构,如通过透射电子光谱、光散射、x射线散射和本领域已知的任何其他方法所确定的。
“组合物”和类似术语是指两种或更多种组分的混合物或共混物。例如,在制备硅烷接枝的乙烯聚合物的情况下,组合物将包括至少一种乙烯聚合物、至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种自由基引发剂。在制备电缆护套或其他制品的情况下,组合物将包括乙烯-乙烯基硅烷共聚物、催化剂固化体系和任何所需的添加剂,例如润滑剂、填料、抗氧化剂等。
“环境条件”和类似术语是指物品周围区域或环境的温度,压力和湿度。典型办公楼或实验室的环境条件包括23℃的温度和大气压。
“接枝条件”和类似术语是指温度,压力,湿度,停留时间,搅拌等,在该温度下,可水解的不饱和硅烷将在彼此接触时接枝,即与聚烯烃结合或与聚烯烃结合。接枝条件可随硅烷和聚烯烃的性质以及催化剂的存在与否而变化。
“催化量”是指在可检测的水平上,优选在商业上可接受的水平下,促进反应例如硅烷化合物接枝到聚烯烃或乙烯-乙烯基硅烷聚合物的交联等所必需的催化剂的量。水平。
“交联的”、“固化的”和类似术语是指该聚合物在成形为物品之前或之后经受或暴露于诱导交联的处理,并且其二甲苯或十氢萘可萃取物的含量小于或等于90重量百分比(即大于或等于10重量百分比的凝胶含量)。在其中创建交联的工艺的阶段通常被称为“固化阶段”,而工艺本身通常被称为“固化”。
“可交联的”、“可固化的”、“未固化的”和类似术语是指聚合物在成形为物品之前或之后未固化或交联,并且未经过或暴露于引起大量交联的处理,尽管该聚合物包含一种或多种添加剂或官能团,这些添加剂或官能团在经受或暴露于这样的处理(例如,暴露于水)后将引起或促进大量交联。
“热塑性聚合物”和类似术语是指线性或支化的聚合物,当加热时可反复软化并使其可流动,而当冷却至室温时可返回至硬态。在本发明的上下文中,使用ASTM D638-72的方法,热塑性聚合物通常具有大于10,000psi(68.95MPa)的弹性模量。另外,当加热到软化状态时,热塑性聚合物可以模塑或挤出成任何预定形状的制品。
“热固性聚合物”,“热固性聚合物”和类似术语表示一旦固化,则该聚合物不能通过加热而软化,即不能进一步成形。一旦固化,热固性聚合物就是空间网络聚合物,并且高度交联以形成刚性的三维分子结构。
“粒料”和类似术语是指通常通过压缩粉末或粒状材料或通过切碎在通过模头的熔体挤出过程中产生的股而产生的小颗粒。球粒的形状和大小可以相差很大。
“湿气可固化的聚合物”和类似术语是指在暴露于湿气时可以交联的聚合物。交联的量或程度将尤其取决于(1)固化条件,例如温度,水的量和形式(浴,薄雾等),停留时间,催化剂的存在与否以及(如果存在),催化剂的种类和用量等,以及(2)湿气可固化的聚合物本身。在包含可水解硅烷基团的聚烯烃聚合物的情况下,首先在暴露于水时水解硅烷基团,其中将可水解硅烷基团转化为硅烷醇基团并且形成醇作为副产物。然后通过缩合反应使硅烷醇基交联。通常,第一步和第二步都用缩合催化剂催化。
“熔融共混”是其中将至少两种组分合并或以其他方式混合在一起,并且至少一种组分处于熔融状态的过程。熔融共混可以通过多种已知方法中的一种或多种来完成,例如,间歇混合,挤出共混,挤出成型等。“熔融共混”组合物是通过熔融共混过程形成的组合物。
“涂层”和类似术语是指以任何方式将一种材料(即所施加的材料)接触,沉积,“盐析”,沉淀等施加到另一种材料(即基础材料)上,例如所施加的材料和基础材料相互粘附。“涂层”还指已经与基材接触或沉积等的施加材料。在电线和电缆的情况下,涂层通常是已挤出并与电线或先前涂覆的电线或电缆接触并与之接触的聚合物,例如半导体层或绝缘层或外部保护套。
“泡沫”和类似术语是指带有许多滞留气泡的固体或液体。在本发明的上下文中,通常通过使用发泡剂来产生固体或液体中捕获的气泡。“非泡沫”和类似术语是指固体或液体,没有任何明显的滞留气泡。在本发明的上下文中,在不存在发泡剂的情况下或如果存在发泡剂的情况下生产非泡沫,那么它(即,发泡剂)是没有活性的。在本发明的上下文中,“非泡沫”和“固体”同义地使用。
“发泡剂”和类似的术语表示一种促进泡沫形成的材料,例如表面活性剂或起泡剂。当少量存在时,表面活性剂通过抑制气泡的聚结而降低液体的表面张力或增加其胶体稳定性。起泡剂是形成泡沫的气态部分的气体。
“经过氧化物处理的”和类似术语表示热塑性聚合物或组合物仅与足够的过氧化物接触,并且仅在会改变聚合物或组合物的流变性但不至于使聚合物或组合物交联至不再具有热塑性的程度的条件下接触。
热塑性聚合
加热时会软化的任何聚合物是可用于实施本发明的热塑性聚合物。这样的聚合物包括聚烯烃,聚酯,聚酰胺,聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚苯乙烯,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等。
在一个实施方案中,热塑性聚合物是聚烯烃。可用于实施本发明的聚烯烃树脂包括聚烯烃均聚物和互聚物。聚烯烃均聚物的实例是乙烯和丙烯的均聚物。聚烯烃互聚物的实例是乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物和丙烯/α-烯烃互聚物。在这类实施方案中,α-烯烃可为C3-20直链、支链或环状α-烯烃(对于丙烯/α-烯烃互聚物,乙烯被认为是α-烯烃)。C3-20α-烯烃的实例包括丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯和1-十八碳烯。α-烯烃还可含有环状结构,如环己烷或环戊烷,产生如3-环己基-1-丙烯(烯丙基环己烷)和乙烯基环己烷的α-烯烃。尽管不是在该术语的传统意义上的α-烯烃,但是对于本发明的目的,某些环烯烃,例如降冰片烯和相关的烯烃,特别是5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯,是α-烯烃,并且可以用于代替一些或所有如上所述的α-烯烃。类似地,苯乙烯及其有关烯烃(例如,α-甲基苯乙烯等)是用于本发明的目的的α-烯烃。示例性聚烯烃共聚物包括乙烯/丙烯、乙烯/丁烯、乙烯/1-己烯、乙烯/1-辛烯等。说明性三元共聚物包括乙烯/丙烯/1-辛烯、乙烯/丙烯/丁烯、乙烯/丁烯/1-辛烯、乙烯/丙烯/二烯单体(EPDM)和乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯。共聚物可以是无规或嵌段的。
聚烯烃树脂还可以包含一个或多个官能团,例如但不限于卤素和不饱和酯或酸,并且这些官能化的聚烯烃中的许多是众所周知的,并且可以通过常规高压技术制备。不饱和酯可为丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯或羧酸乙烯基酯。烷基可具有1至8个碳原子,优选具有1至4个碳原子。羧酸酯基团可具有2至8个碳原子,优选具有2至5个碳原子。基于共聚物的重量,归因于酯共聚单体的共聚物的部分可在1至高达50重量%范围内。丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的实例是丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。羧酸乙烯酯的实例是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯和丁酸乙烯酯。不饱和酸的实例包括丙烯酸或马来酸。
可用于实施本发明的乙烯属聚合物的实例包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE);中密度聚乙烯(MDPE);线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE);低密度聚乙烯(LDPE);极低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE);均匀支化的线性乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物(例如,Mitsui Petrochemicals Company Limited的TAFMER TM和DEX-Plastomers的EXACTTM);均匀支化的、基本上线性的乙烯/α-烯烃聚合物(例如,可从陶氏化学公司获得的AFFINITYTM聚烯烃塑性体和ENGAGETM聚烯烃弹性体);以及乙烯嵌段共聚物(也可从陶氏化学公司获得的INFUSETM)。在USP 5,272,236、5,278,272和5,986,028中更充分地描述了基本上线性的乙烯共聚物,并且在USP 7,579,408、7,355,0897,524,911、7,514,517、7,582,716和7,504,347中更充分地描述了乙烯嵌段共聚物。
在本发明实践中使用的特别感兴趣的乙烯属互聚物是LDPE、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和HDPE。这些烯属共聚物可从许多不同来源商购获得,包括Dow ChemicalCompany,商标为DOWLEXTM,ATTANETM和FLEXOMERTM。Equistar公司/利安德巴塞尔作为PETROTHENETM诺瓦化学公司以NOVAPOL TM和SCLAIRTM例如商标为例如商标下;以及埃克森美孚化工公司的商标,如EXCEEDTM,EXACTTM和ENABLETM。
可用于实施本发明的聚烯烃还包括丙烯,丁烯和其他基于烯烃的共聚物,例如,包含大部分衍生自丙烯的单元和少量衍生自另一种α-烯烃(包括乙烯)的单元的共聚物。可用于实施本发明的示例性丙烯聚合物包括购自The Dow Chemical Company的VERSIFYTM聚合物和购自ExxonMobil Chemical Company的VISTAMAXXTM聚合物。
热塑性聚合物,特别是热塑性聚烯烃聚合物,通常具有每立方厘米(g/cm3)0.856或0.865或0.870至0.975或0.950或0.920克的密度。密度通过ASTM D-792或ISO 1183的程序测量。
热塑性聚合物,特别是热塑性烯烃聚合物,通常具有每10分钟(g/10min)0.01或0.1或0.5至1,000,或100或10或1.0g的熔融指数。乙烯基聚合物的熔融指数通过ASTM D-1238(190℃/2.16kg)进行测量,丙烯基聚合物的熔融指数通过ASTM D-1238(230℃/2.16kg)进行测量。
任何上述烯烃聚合物的共混物也可用于本发明,并且烯烃聚合物可与一种或多种其他热塑性聚合物共混或稀释至在优选方式下本发明的烯烃聚合物构成混合物的热塑性聚合物组分的至少约50重量%,优选至少约75重量%,更优选至少约80重量%。在不太优选的方式下,并且取决于可能寻求的其他性能,烯烃聚合物的含量可以小于热塑性聚合物组分的50%。在一个实施方案中,热塑性聚合物是无孔的或不含任何烯烃聚合物。
在本发明的组合物中,即在热塑性聚合物、湿气固化性的聚烯烃、水分凝结催化剂和发泡剂的熔融共混物中,按组合物的总重量计,热塑性聚合物的量通常为至少55或60或70wt%。基于组合物的重量,组合物中热塑性聚合物的最大量通常不超过94.98或90、85、80或80wt%。
湿固化聚烯烃
在本发明的实践中使用的湿气可固化的聚烯烃是具有硅烷官能度的聚烯烃。可以通过共聚和/或接枝将硅烷官能团引入聚烯烃中或聚烯烃上。
能与乙烯有效共聚或与乙烯聚合物接枝并使其交联的任何硅烷都可用于本发明的实践中,以下式作为具体实例描述了那些硅烷,但不仅限于此式:
其中R1为氢原子或甲基基团;x和y为0或1,条件是x为1时y为1;n是1至12的整数,优选0至4,并且每个R"独立地是可水解的有机基团,例如具有0至12个碳原子的烷氧基基团(例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丁氧基)、芳氧基基团(例如苯氧基)、芳烷基氧基(例如苄氧基)、具有1至12个碳原子的脂族酰氧基(如甲酰氧基、乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基)、氨基或取代的氨基基团(烷基氨基、芳基氨基)、或具有1至6个碳原子数的低级烷基基团,条件是该三个R基团中不超过一个为烷基。这样的硅烷可以在反应器中与乙烯共聚,例如高压工艺。在成形或模制操作之前或之中,还可通过使用适当量的有机过氧化物将这些硅烷接枝到适当的乙烯聚合物上。制剂中还可包括其他成分,例如热和光稳定剂、颜料等。还包括通过自由基过程增加聚合物中不饱和度的硅烷,例如巯基丙基三烷氧基硅烷。
合适的硅烷包括不饱和硅烷,其包含乙烯属不饱和烃基基团,例如乙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、环己烯基或γ-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烯丙基基团、以及可水解基团,例如烃氧基(hydrocarbyloxy)、烃基氧基(hydrocarbonyloxy)或烃基氨基基团。可水解基团的实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、甲酰氧基、乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基和烷基或芳基氨基基团。优选的硅烷是不饱和烷氧基硅烷,其可以接枝到聚合物上或与其他单体(例如乙烯和丙烯酸酯)在反应器中共聚。这些硅烷及其制备方法在授予Meverden等人的USP 5,266,627中有更充分的描述。乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和这些硅烷的混合物是用于本发明的优选的硅烷交联剂。
用于实施本发明的硅烷交联剂的量可根据聚合物的性质、硅烷、加工或反应器条件、接枝或共聚效率、最终应用和类似因素而在很大范围内变化,但通常使用至少0.5,优选至少0.7重量百分比。方便和经济的考虑是在本发明的实践中使用的硅烷交联剂的最大量的两个主要限制,通常硅烷交联剂的最大量不超过5,优选不超过3重量百分比。
硅烷交联剂可通过任何常规方法--这通常在自由基引发剂(例如过氧化物和偶氮化合物)的存在下--或通过电离辐射等接枝到聚合物上。优选有机引发剂,例如任何一种过氧化物引发剂,例如,过氧化二异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化氢异丙苯、过氧化辛酸叔丁酯、过氧化甲乙酮、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷、过氧化月桂酰和过氧化乙酸叔丁酯。合适的偶氮化合物是2,2-偶氮二异丁腈。引发剂的量可以变化,但是通常以每百份树脂份数(phr)至少0.01份,优选至少0.03份的量存在。通常,引发剂不超过0.15,优选不超过约0.10phr。硅烷交联剂与引发剂的重量比也可以在宽范围内变化,但是典型的交联剂:引发剂的重量比在10:1至500:1之间,优选在18:1至250:1之间。如每百份树脂份数或phr中所用,“树脂”是指烯烃聚合物。
尽管可以使用任何常规方法将硅烷交联剂接枝到聚烯烃聚合物上,但是一种优选的方法是在反应器挤出机例如Buss捏合机的第一段将两者与引发剂共混。接枝条件可以变化,但是取决于引发剂的停留时间和半衰期,熔融温度通常在160至260℃之间,优选在190至230℃之间。
乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷交联剂与乙烯和其他单体的共聚可以在高压反应器中进行,该高压反应器用于制造乙烯均聚物以及乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
在本发明的组合物中,即在热塑性聚合物、可湿气固化的聚烯烃、水分凝结催化剂和发泡剂的熔融共混物中,按组合物的总重量计,可湿气固化的聚合物的量通常为至少5或10wt%。按组合物的重量计,组合物中湿气可固化的聚合物的最大量通常不超过44.98,或40,或35,或30或25wt%。
烯烃聚合物,特别是含硅烷的乙烯聚合物的密度为每立方厘米(g/cm3)0.856或0.870或0.900至0.925或0.950或0.975克。密度通过ASTM D-792或ISO 1183的程序测量。这些,例如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,按重量计包含0.25或0.75,或1.25至1.57,或2.25或3%的硅烷。
烯烃聚合物,特别是乙烯聚合物,通常具有每10分钟(g/10min)0.01或0.1或0.5至1,000,或100或10或1.0克的熔融指数。乙烯基聚合物的熔融指数通过ASTM D-1238(190℃/2.16kg)进行测量,丙烯基聚合物的熔融指数通过ASTM D-1238(230℃/2.16kg)进行测量。
在一实施方案中,热塑性聚合物的熔融指数小于湿气可固化的聚合物的熔融指数。在一个实施方案中,热塑性聚合物的熔融指数小于湿气可固化聚合物的熔融指数的90%或80%或70%或60%或50%或40%或30%或20%或10%。两种聚合物之间的熔融指数差异有利于两种聚合物的良好混合。
水分凝结催化剂
水分凝结催化剂或简单的交联催化剂包括路易斯酸和布朗斯台德酸和碱。路易斯酸是可以接受来自路易斯碱的电子对的化学物质。路易斯碱是可以向路易斯酸提供电子对的化学物质。合适的路易斯酸的非限制性实例包括羧酸锡例如二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、油酸二甲基羟基锡、马来酸二辛锡、马来酸二正丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二辛酸二丁锡、乙酸亚锡、辛酸亚锡和各种其他有机金属化合物例如环烷酸铅、辛酸锌和环烷酸钴。DBTDL是优选的路易斯酸。可用于实施本发明的路易斯碱包括但不限于伯,仲和叔胺。
在本发明的实践中使用的催化剂组合物的最小量为催化量。基于聚合物组合物的重量,该量通常为至少0.01,优选至少0.02,更优选至少0.03重量百分比(wt%)。聚合物组合物中催化剂组合物的最大量的唯一限制是经济性和实用性所施加的限制(例如,收益递减),但是基于聚合物组合物的重量,通常一般最大值包括小于5,优选小于3,更优选小于1wt%。
硅烷交联催化剂通常以母料的形式添加到热塑性聚合物和/或湿气可固化的聚合物中,但是无论其添加到本发明组合物的其他聚合物中的方式如何,其都存在于热塑性聚合物的熔融共混期间。和湿气可固化的聚合物。使用标准技术和设备,例如内部间歇式混合机,反应挤出机等,进行熔融共混。
发泡剂
在本发明的实践中使用的发泡剂通常是起泡剂。合适的起泡剂包括物理起泡剂,例如各种低沸点的氯氟烃、碳氟化合物和碳氢化合物、以及二氧化碳、氮气等。在物理起泡剂中,优选全球变暖和臭氧消耗潜能值较小或为零的碳氟化合物和碳氢化合物。在热塑性聚合物和湿气可固化的聚烯烃熔融共混的条件下不分解或反应的化学起泡剂也是有用的。这种化学起泡剂在发泡步骤(在熔融共混步骤之后)期间分解。常见的化学起泡剂是偶氮二甲酰胺(ADC)。化学起泡剂也可以与一种或多种物理起泡剂,例如二氧化碳空气、氮气或氩气组合使用。
在本发明的实践中使用的发泡剂的最小量通常为按组合物,即热塑性聚合物、湿气可固化的聚合物、催化剂和发泡剂的总重量计,至少0.02、优选至少0.04并且更优选至少0.05wt%。组合物中发泡剂的最大量的唯一限制是经济性和实用性所施加的限制(例如收益递减),但是按组合物的重量计,一般最大值通常包括小于5,优选小于3,并且更优选小于1wt%。
在一个实施方案中,表面活性剂也用于泡沫的生产中。多种硅氧烷表面活性剂可用于制备本发明的发泡体。这种硅酮表面活性剂的实例是可以商品名TEGOSTABTM(Th.Goldschmidt and Co.)、NIAXTM(GE OSi Silicones)和DDABCOTM(Air Products andChemicals,Inc.)商购。例如,DABCOTM DC 5160是可以从Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.获得的合适的硅表面活性剂。所用的表面活性剂的量将根据特定的应用和所使用的表面活性剂而有所不同,但通常在按组合物的总重量计0.1到2.0wt%之间。
填充剂和添加剂
本发明的组合物可以包含一种或多种填料和/或添加剂。填料的存在量应优选不超过将导致湿固化组合物的机械和/或化学性能大大降低的量。通常,基于组合物的重量,填料的存在量为2-35重量%(wt%),优选为5-20wt%。代表性的填料包括高岭土、氢氧化镁、二氧化硅、碳酸钙和炭黑,既可以用作增强剂,也可以用作紫外线稳定剂。填料可以具有或可以不具有阻燃性能。在其中存在填料的本发明的优选实施方案中,该填料涂覆有一种材料,该材料将防止或阻止该填料可能否则必须干扰硅烷固化反应的任何趋势。硬脂酸说明了这种填料涂层。选择填料和催化剂以避免任何不希望的相互作用和反应,并且这种选择完全在普通技术人员的技术范围内。
本发明的组合物还可包含添加剂,例如抗氧化剂(例如受阻酚,例如可购自CibaSpecialty Chemicals的IRGANOXTM 1010),亚磷酸酯(例如可获自Ciba SpecialtyChemicals的IRGAFOSTM 168)。紫外线稳定剂,保鲜添加剂,光稳定剂(例如受阻胺),增塑剂(例如邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或环氧化大豆油),金属减活剂,防焦剂,脱模剂,增粘剂(例如烃类增粘剂),蜡(例如聚乙烯蜡),成核剂(例如可从Milliken Chemicals获得的HYPERFORMTMHPN-20E和可从DowDuPont获得的PTFE),加工助剂(例如油,有机酸(例如硬脂酸),有机酸的金属盐),油增量剂(例如(例如石蜡油和矿物油),着色剂或颜料,只要它们不干扰本发明组合物的所需物理或机械性能即可。这些添加剂以本领域技术人员已知的量使用。
复合和制造
热塑性聚合物、湿气固化性聚合物、缩合催化剂、发泡剂以及任选的填料和添加剂的混合可以通过本领域技术人员已知的标准方法进行。混配设备的实例是内部批式混合机,例如BANBURYTM或BOLLINGTM内部混合机。或者,可以使用连续的单螺杆或双螺杆混合机,例如FARRELTM连续混合机、WERNER AND PFLEIDERERTM双螺杆混合机或BUSSTM捏合连续挤出机。所用混合器类型和混合器操作条件会影响组合物的属性,如粘度、发泡体密度、体积电阻率以及挤出表面光滑度。
组合物的组分通常在一定温度和一定时间下混合,该时间和时间足以使混合物完全均质,但不足以使材料凝胶或起泡沫。通常将催化剂和/或发泡剂添加到硅烷接枝的烯烃聚合物中,但是可以在添加剂存在之前,之中或之后添加。通常,将各组分在熔融混合装置中混合在一起。然后使混合物发泡并且成形为最终物品。在一个实施方案中,首先将混合物造粒,然后进行流变改性步骤,然后发泡。混配和物品制造的温度通常高于乙烯属聚合物的熔点但低于250℃。
在一些实施方案中,催化剂、发泡剂和添加剂中的任一个或两个作为预混合母料加入。通常通过将催化剂、发泡剂和/或添加剂分散到惰性塑料树脂例如低密度聚乙烯中来形成这样的母料。母料可通过熔融混配法方便地形成。
在一个实施方案中,一种或多种组分在混合前干燥,或在混合后干燥组分的混合物,以减少或消除可能由组分(例如填料)中存在或与之结合的水分引起的潜在的焦烧。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,发泡体结构是闭孔结构,发泡体密度取决于聚合物体系的类型。取决于最终发泡体产品所需的机械和/或其他性能,发泡水平可在1至90%,或1至70%,或1至50%,或1至40%或更低的范围内变化。泡沫孔尺寸也可以变化,例如0.03,或0.02,或0.01,或0.005或更少毫米(mm)。
制品
在一种实施方式中,可以用已知量且通过已知方法(例如,使用USP 5,246,783和4,144,202中所述的设备和方法)将本发明的发泡体组合物施加到电缆上成为护套或绝缘层。通常,聚合物组合物是在配备有电缆涂覆模头的反应器挤出机中制备的,并且在配制聚合物组合物的组分之后,当电缆通过模头被拉时,聚合物组合物被挤出到电缆上。固化可在反应器挤出机中开始。
尽管不是必需的或不是优选的,但是成型制品可以暴露于高温和外部湿气之一或二者中,并且如果高温,则其通常在环境温度至最高但低于聚合物的熔点之间持续一段时间,使得该制品达到所需的交联度。成型后固化的温度应高于0℃。
可以由本发明的聚合物组合物制备(特别是在高压和/或高湿条件下)的其他制品,包括纤维、条、片、带、管、管材、防风雨条、密封件、垫片、泡沫、鞋类和波纹管。这些物品可以使用已知的设备和技术来制造。
通过以下实施例更全面地描述本发明。除非另有说明,所有份数和百分数均以重量计。
实施例
测试方法
密度-根据ASTM D-1928制备用于测量密度的样品。将样品在374°F(190℃)和30,000psi下加压3分钟,然后在70°F下加压。(21℃)和30,000psi的压力持续1分钟。使用ASTMD792、方法B在样品压制的一小时内进行测量。
根据ASTM D 1238,条件190℃/2.16kg,测量基于乙烯的聚合物的熔融指数或I 2,并以每10分钟(g/10min)洗脱的克数表示。根据ASTM D 1238,条件230℃/2.16kg,对丙烯基聚合物的熔体流动速率或MFR进行测量,并以g/10分钟记录。
根据ISO 527-2(5A型试样)测量拉伸强度和伸长率。
在比较例中,在190℃下(由未改性基础树脂和不含任何发泡剂的过氧化物处理的聚合物材料制成的斑块上测量)动态振荡剪切(DOS)流变性能(扫频100-0.1rad/s),在本发明实施例中,是由固化步骤后的粒料和不含任何发泡剂的材料制成的板。
电线光滑度测试:导体护套的表面光滑度根据ANSI 1995通过SURFTESTTM SV-400系列178表面纹理测量仪进行测量。将金属丝样品放在V型块中,然后将测针(10ur)降低到特定的起始位置(向金属丝施加约1克的力)。测针以每秒2毫米的固定速率沿横向方向移动以进行测量。每个电线样品和四个样品测试四个读数,然后将其平均以微米英寸为单位报告的值。
发泡体密度根据ASTM D-792测量。
发泡水平是泡沫的百分比。从电线上剥去发泡护套,并根据ASTM D-792测量其密度。如以下材料部分所述,根据与纯树脂(即未发泡和未过氧化处理的树脂)相比密度损失的百分比计算发泡百分比。
材料
DFH 2065是颗粒状的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),密度为0.920g/cm3,熔融指数为0.65g/10min(190℃/2.16kg)。
DFNA 2065是粒状的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),密度为0.920g/cm3,并且熔融指数为0.65g/10min(190℃/2.16kg),可从The Dow Chemical Company获得。
DFDA-1216 NT是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),密度为0.92g/cc,并且熔融指数为2.3g/10min,可以从陶氏化学公司获得。
DOWLEXTM GM 8480F是密度为0.917g/cm3且熔融指数为3g/10min(190℃/2.16kg)的LLDPE,可从The Dow Chemical Company获得。
SI-LINKTM DFDA-5451是乙烯和1.5%乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)的共聚物,其密度为0.922g/cc,熔融指数(MI)为1.5g/10min,可购自The Dow Chemical Company。
SI-LINKTM DFDB-5480 NT催化剂母料包含低密度聚乙烯(0.925g/cc,MI为3.0g/10分钟)和1.7wt%的二月桂酸二丁基锡。
SI-LINKTM DFDA-5481 NT催化剂母料包含DFH-2065和2.6wt%的二月桂酸二丁基锡。
BI 0340母料含有线性低密度聚乙烯(0.924g/cc,20g/10min MI)和49wt%的偶氮二甲酰胺起泡剂。这一起泡剂母料由DowDuPont生产。
AXELERONTM GP A-0037 BK CPD炭黑母料,密度为1.18g/cc,包含LLDPE和45wt%的炭黑。该母料可从DowDuPont获得。
TRIGONOXTM 101是一种有机过氧化物,化学名称为2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷,并且可购自Akzo Nobel N.V。
程序
过氧化物改性的LLDPE熔体混合/熔体混合:使用配备有Cam Blades的250ccBRABENDERTM型预混合器/测量头实验室电动间歇混合器制备树脂批料。BRABENDERTM混合器/测量头为三件式设计,由两个加热区组成,根据混合器叶片的配置,其加热能力为250毫升(ml)。每批次混合的配方是280克(g)树脂,0.15克过氧化物(TRIGONOXTM 101)和1.5克起泡剂母料(MB)。每次混合操作开始时首先将LLDPE树脂添加到混合碗中,同时使叶片以每分钟20转(rpm)的速度旋转。两个区域的过程温度设定点均为130℃。为了激活过氧化物,将温度升至200℃。在扭矩读数稳定表明所有过氧化物已反应后,将温度降至130℃,并且一旦达到,就添加起泡剂。混合周期的持续时间为25分钟。然后收集熔融材料,并将其置于两片MYLARTM聚酯片之间,并在室温下压缩模塑成扁平薄饼,然后切成小块以进行电缆挤出。
LLDPE和硅烷-LDPE共聚物的共混物:硅烷共聚物DFDA-5451首先被干燥,随后在130℃的温度下与LLDPE、锡催化剂母料DFDA-5481(2.6%DBTDL)和偶氮二甲酰胺母料在250cc的BRABENDERTM混合碗中熔融共混。然后将共混物造粒以进料到电缆挤出机中。然后将粒料在湿润室中固化14天,然后挤出发泡。湿度箱条件设置为50℃和75%湿度。
微型电线挤出:将电线样品在14规格铜线上的微型电线上挤出,壁厚为30密耳。螺杆速度设置为70rpm,并且退绕速度设置为13.5英尺/分钟(ft/min)。挤出机的温度曲线分别在区域1、2、3和4中设置为180/190/200/190℃。
拉伸和伸长率测量:通过从六英寸长的电线上除去铜导体来制备拉伸测试样品。首先在73.4℉(+/-3.6℉)和50%(+/-5%)相对湿度(RH)的的受控环境中,将电线样品调理48小时。在INSTRONTM Renew 4201 65/16和4202 65/16设备上以每分钟20英寸的颚分离速度进行拉伸测试。
化合物配方报道于表1中。
表1
化合物配方
样品描述 | CE-1 | CE-2 | CE-3 |
DFNA-2065(LLDPE,0.920密度,0.65MI) | 100 | 99.50 | 99.45 |
TRIGONOX<sup>TM</sup> 101过氧化物 | 0.05 | ||
BI 0340(45%偶氮二甲酰胺MB) | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
总计 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
IE-1 | IE-2 | |
样品描述 | wt% | wt% |
DFH 2065LLDPE(密度0.920,0.65MI) | 84.5 | 74.5 |
DFDA-5451(LDPE VTMS共聚物) | 10.0 | 20.0 |
DFDA-5481(月桂酸锡催化剂MB) | 5.0 | 5.0 |
BI 0340(45%偶氮二甲酰胺MB) | 0.5 | 0.5 |
总计 | 100 | 100 |
流变性
如表2和图1和2所示,在每秒100弧度(rad/s)下,本发明的共混物在指示熔体强度增加的低剪切速率下表现出的粘度高于通过对全部组合物的均匀过氧化物处理所获得的粘度。相反,在加工性需要较低粘度的高剪切速率下,本发明化合物的粘度不受显著影响并且低于过氧化物处理的组合物,即使过氧化物水平低至500ppm。过氧化物的量的增加实质上增加了粘度。这种提高熔体强度的方法可用于使较低熔体强度的材料发泡,例如HDPE和聚丙烯(PP)。本发明的方法还具有优于过氧化物方法的优点,因为它消除了与实现高熔体温度以确保过氧化物分解同时面对化学起泡剂的分解有关的问题,因此需要两步混配过程。相比之下,本发明的方法基本上不受限制,并且由于固化步骤发生在粒状材料上,即混配后,因此能够在适宜良好熔融混合且远低于起泡剂分解温度的温度下进行混配。
表2
流变分析
表3显示在相同的发泡剂负载量下,本发明实施例(IE)IE-1和IE-2的本发明共混物与未改性体系以及过氧化物改性体系(比较例(CE))相比相等或更高的发泡水平。此外,对于等效的发泡水平(IE-1与CE-2);本发明的共混物显示出显着改善的机械性能。与过氧化物改性的体系相比,本发明的共混物显示出较高的发泡水平(约高出17%)所获得的等效机械性能。与非发泡材料(CE-1)相比,IE-1表现出同等的机械性能,但发泡率为14.6%。
表3
泡沫特性
表4展示其他数据。如上所述制备样品。共混前将DFDB-5451干燥,并且对于包含发泡剂的样品,将其在150℃的温度下混配。
表4
组成和性质
注释2a:将粒状物料在90℃水浴中固化4小时(仅配方1XL SI-LINK),在使用前于80℃对流干燥过夜。
注释2b:挤出前,在潮湿箱(50℃和75%RH)中固化粒料14天
结果和讨论
CE-4是一种完全交联的非发泡体系,代表一种典型的湿固化硅烷共聚物。混合后将材料造粒,然后按照注释2a进行固化。该化合物已准备用于CE-5,由于本身不是热塑性材料,因此无法单独挤出。
CE-5是使用热塑性LLDPE基础树脂和20%的CE-4预交联材料制成的发泡共混物。与IE-2相比,该化合物显示出明显更高的V0.1/V100比率,其中可交联组分首先在固化步骤之前与LLDPE基质混合。然而,这导致高度不均匀的挤出物,其具有非常粗糙的表面和非常差的机械性能,如拉伸和伸长数据所示。该关键的比较例表明了首先在催化剂存在下以热塑性方式混合所有组分然后在最终制品制造之前使化合物进行交联步骤的重要性。
CE-6是在不存在水分凝结催化剂的情况下,LLDPE和10%重量的硅烷共聚物的发泡热塑性共混物。该实施例应与发明实施例IE-1进行比较,并且两者之间的区别是显而易见的:(i)CE-6的粘度比V0.1/V100为48.5vs.IE-1的为86.8,增加了约1.8倍;(ii)CE-6的发泡体密度仅为0.847vs.IE-1的0.786,并且(iii)IE-1发泡材料的机械性能明显优越,如IE-1的抗张强度/拉伸伸长率数据2216/539vs.CE-6的1409/389所示。
IE-3是LLDPE和30%的硅烷共聚物的发泡共混物,在催化剂的存在下进行混配,并在挤出发泡之前进行湿气固化步骤。与CE-2的未改性的发泡LLDPE相比,本发明实施例显示出更好的机械和流变性能;并且IE-3的机械性能与IE-1和IE-2相当。
CE-7是不含硅烷共聚物或催化剂的发泡基础HDPE树脂。
IE-4是使用CE-7的基础树脂和10wt%硅烷共聚物的发泡HDPE共混物,其在催化剂存在下混配并且在挤出发泡之前进行湿气固化步骤。IE-4显示出更高的V0.1/V100比率,表明更高的熔体强度以及成型夹套的机械性能稍有改善,并指出了性能平衡的进一步优化。
Claims (13)
1.一种熔融共混的组合物,按组合物的重量计,其包含按重量计(wt%):
(A)55至94.98wt%的热塑性聚合物,
(B)5至44.98wt%的湿气可固化聚合物,
(C)0.01至5wt%的水分凝结催化剂,以及
(D)0.01至5wt%的发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚合物是聚烯烃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中热塑性聚合物是聚乙烯。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述湿气可固化的聚合物是硅烷官能化的聚烯烃。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述缩合催化剂是路易斯酸或路易斯碱。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述缩合催化剂是二月桂酸二丁基锡。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述缩合催化剂是磺酸。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述发泡剂是化学发泡剂。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述发泡剂是物理发泡剂。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述发泡剂包括二氧化碳或氮气。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的交联组合物。
12.一种电线或电缆护套,其包含根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物。
13.一种电线或电缆,其包括根据权利要求8所述的护套。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201862663412P | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | |
US62/663412 | 2018-04-27 | ||
PCT/US2019/027031 WO2019209547A1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2019-04-11 | Foamed polyolefin compositions for wire and cable coating |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111936567A true CN111936567A (zh) | 2020-11-13 |
CN111936567B CN111936567B (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
Family
ID=66240215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980023798.2A Active CN111936567B (zh) | 2018-04-27 | 2019-04-11 | 电线和电缆涂料用发泡聚烯烃组合物 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210238370A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3784722A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2021521287A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20210005003A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN111936567B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112020020675B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3097377A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2020010197A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2020134317A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2019209547A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11898025B2 (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2024-02-13 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Polyethylene with additives for increased environmental stress crack resistance |
CN114867774A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-08-05 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 交联聚烯烃泡沫和其制造方法 |
WO2024031618A1 (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Ethylene/alpha-olefin interpolymer compositions for extrusion applications |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5883144A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1999-03-16 | Sentinel Products Corp. | Silane-grafted materials for solid and foam applications |
JP3069093B1 (ja) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-07-24 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | シラン架橋ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物及び絶縁ケ―ブル |
CN1298790A (zh) * | 1994-09-30 | 2001-06-13 | 丹尼斯·A·克瑙斯 | 制造可模塑的热塑性聚合物泡沫的方法及其制造的泡沫 |
CN102630237A (zh) * | 2009-09-16 | 2012-08-08 | 联合碳化化学及塑料技术有限责任公司 | 制备交联的熔融成型的制品的方法 |
CN103122096A (zh) * | 2007-06-27 | 2013-05-29 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于挠性提高的电缆绝缘层的聚烯烃弹性体与硅烷共聚物的可交联共混物 |
EP2935424A2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-10-28 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Polyolefin-based cable compound formulation for improved foamability and enhanced processability |
US20170011817A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-01-12 | Borealis Ag | Polymer blends |
CN106574088A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-04-19 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 稳定化湿可固化聚合组合物 |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE794718Q (fr) | 1968-12-20 | 1973-05-16 | Dow Corning Ltd | Procede de reticulation d'olefines |
US4144202A (en) | 1977-12-27 | 1979-03-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Dielectric compositions comprising ethylene polymer stabilized against water treeing with epoxy containing organo silanes |
EP0365289A3 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1991-10-09 | Neste Oy | Method for producing a filled water-crosslinkable silane copolymer composition |
US5272236A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1993-12-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
US5266627A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1993-11-30 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Hydrolyzable silane copolymer compositions resistant to premature crosslinking and process |
US5246783A (en) | 1991-08-15 | 1993-09-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Electrical devices comprising polymeric insulating or semiconducting members |
US5783638A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1998-07-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
US5278272A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1994-01-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantialy linear olefin polymers |
US5929129A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1999-07-27 | Sentinel Products Corp. | Crosslinked foamable compositions of silane-grafted, essentially linear polyolefins blended with polypropylene |
US5824718A (en) | 1995-04-20 | 1998-10-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Silane-crosslinkable, substantially linear ethylene polymers and their uses |
JPH08302057A (ja) * | 1995-05-10 | 1996-11-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | ポリエチレン系樹脂発泡体の製造方法 |
JP3279498B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-26 | 2002-04-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 複合熱可塑性樹脂発泡シート |
JP3794855B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2006-07-12 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 発泡シラン架橋ポリオレフィンの製造方法 |
US6496629B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2002-12-17 | Tycom (Us) Inc. | Undersea telecommunications cable |
US6714707B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2004-03-30 | Alcatel | Optical cable housing an optical unit surrounded by a plurality of gel layers |
US7582716B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-09-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Compositions of ethylene/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer for blown films with high hot tack |
US7524911B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-04-28 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Adhesive and marking compositions made from interpolymers of ethylene/α-olefins |
US7504347B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-03-17 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Fibers made from copolymers of propylene/α-olefins |
US7355089B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2008-04-08 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Compositions of ethylene/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer for elastic films and laminates |
US7579408B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-08-25 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising interpolymers of ethylene/α-olefins |
US7514517B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-04-07 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Anti-blocking compositions comprising interpolymers of ethylene/α-olefins |
US20110187018A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-08-04 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Crosslinked fibers or other articles made from polyolefin elastomers |
CN109563329A (zh) * | 2016-12-10 | 2019-04-02 | 库珀标准汽车公司 | 聚烯烃弹性体组合物及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-04-11 MX MX2020010197A patent/MX2020010197A/es unknown
- 2019-04-11 JP JP2020555102A patent/JP2021521287A/ja active Pending
- 2019-04-11 RU RU2020134317A patent/RU2020134317A/ru unknown
- 2019-04-11 BR BR112020020675-0A patent/BR112020020675B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2019-04-11 CA CA3097377A patent/CA3097377A1/en active Pending
- 2019-04-11 WO PCT/US2019/027031 patent/WO2019209547A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-04-11 EP EP19718893.1A patent/EP3784722A1/en active Pending
- 2019-04-11 CN CN201980023798.2A patent/CN111936567B/zh active Active
- 2019-04-11 US US17/049,618 patent/US20210238370A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-04-11 KR KR1020207030124A patent/KR20210005003A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5883144A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1999-03-16 | Sentinel Products Corp. | Silane-grafted materials for solid and foam applications |
CN1298790A (zh) * | 1994-09-30 | 2001-06-13 | 丹尼斯·A·克瑙斯 | 制造可模塑的热塑性聚合物泡沫的方法及其制造的泡沫 |
JP3069093B1 (ja) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-07-24 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | シラン架橋ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物及び絶縁ケ―ブル |
CN103122096A (zh) * | 2007-06-27 | 2013-05-29 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于挠性提高的电缆绝缘层的聚烯烃弹性体与硅烷共聚物的可交联共混物 |
CN102630237A (zh) * | 2009-09-16 | 2012-08-08 | 联合碳化化学及塑料技术有限责任公司 | 制备交联的熔融成型的制品的方法 |
EP2935424A2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-10-28 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Polyolefin-based cable compound formulation for improved foamability and enhanced processability |
US20170011817A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-01-12 | Borealis Ag | Polymer blends |
CN106574088A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-04-19 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 稳定化湿可固化聚合组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20210005003A (ko) | 2021-01-13 |
CN111936567B (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
EP3784722A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
MX2020010197A (es) | 2020-10-19 |
US20210238370A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
WO2019209547A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
BR112020020675A2 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
JP2021521287A (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
CA3097377A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
BR112020020675B1 (pt) | 2023-11-28 |
RU2020134317A (ru) | 2022-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9272469B2 (en) | Crosslinked, melt-shaped articles and compositions for producing same | |
US9595365B2 (en) | Thermoplastic, semiconductive compositions | |
CN111936567B (zh) | 电线和电缆涂料用发泡聚烯烃组合物 | |
JP7466458B2 (ja) | ワイヤおよびケーブルコーティング用非発泡ポリオレフィン組成物 | |
JP2022514957A (ja) | ワイヤおよびケーブルコーティング用固体架橋ポリオレフィン組成物 | |
BR112020020688B1 (pt) | Composição misturada por fusão, composição reticulada, bainha de fio ou cabo e fio ou cabo |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |