CN111916875A - 用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块 Download PDF

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CN111916875A
CN111916875A CN202010226011.7A CN202010226011A CN111916875A CN 111916875 A CN111916875 A CN 111916875A CN 202010226011 A CN202010226011 A CN 202010226011A CN 111916875 A CN111916875 A CN 111916875A
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battery module
cell stack
battery
end plate
housing
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S·莫斯托菲
P·克勒纳
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块，其中在多件式的电池模块壳体中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元，这些电池单元构成电池单元组。在该电池单元组的至少一个轴向端部处布置有电池单元组端板，其中该电池模块壳体具有中间部分并且至少在该中间部分的端部处具有被布置在该中间部分处的壳体端板，其中在该电池单元组与该中间部分的内表面之间形成有间隙，该间隙被导热介质填充，其中该电池单元组端板具有用于该导热介质的分配通道并且具有用于充入该导热介质的喷射点，其中该导热介质在充入时从该喷射点被引导到该分配通道中，并且经由该分配通道在该中间部分的宽度上被充入该电池单元组与该中间部分的内表面之间。

Description

用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块，其中在多件式的电池模块壳体中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元，这些电池单元构成电池单元组。
背景技术
在可电动驱动或可部分电动驱动的电动车辆中，将大量电池单元互连成牵引电池。这样的高电压全电池由多于一百个电池单元组成，部分由最多达几千个电池单元组成。将牵引电池的电池单元互连成电池模块，因此互连成子组，这些子组在大多数情况下分别具有相同数量的电池单元。
用于电动车辆的高电压电池需要高效的冷却。根据现有技术，冷却在大多数情况下仅在单侧实施并且藉由分开的冷却通道在电池模块的外部实施。
还提出的是，从升温的意义上来说可以对电池模块进行调温。因此，电池即使在环境温度较低时也可以在最佳的温度范围内运行。
就这方面而言，从对电池进行调温的意义上来理解涉及电池的冷却或升温的下列实施方式。
在DE 10 2012 018 036 A1中描述了一种开篇所述类型的用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块，该电池模块具有如下特征：其中在多件式的电池模块壳体中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元，这些电池单元构成电池单元组。这个电池模块具有电池单元组和用于容纳堆叠的电池单元的堆壳体。堆壳体的中间部分是可以由上部端盖封闭的。籍由被设置在中间部分中的开口可以将泡沫塑料材料注射到中间部分的内表面与电池单元组之间的空间中。该泡沫塑料材料例如涉及聚氨酯泡沫或基于硅酮或合成树脂的其他泡沫塑料材料。所注射的泡沫塑料材料能够实现堆叠的单个电池单元或单个电池单元的框架在堆壳体中的安全且可靠的夹紧以及紧固。同时，所注射的泡沫塑料材料由于其弹性允许补偿各个元件的制造公差和不同的热学线膨胀。
在DE 10 2013 016 794 A1中描述了一种电池模块。该电池模块具有电池单元组，该电池单元组具有多个袋形单元，这些袋形单元被夹持在框架组件中。在袋形单元与框架组件之间的空腔中布置有电绝缘的填充材料。在此尤其涉及热塑性塑料和/或灌注料。该填充材料用于稳定电池模块的部件。
文件DE 10 2014 211 032 A1、DE 10 2007 010 751 A1和DE 10 2010 051 010A1公开了一种具有多个电池单元的电池，这些电池单元被布置在电池壳体中，其中电池壳体中的电池单元被灌注料灌注。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，改进开篇所述类型的电池模块，使得在简单地、成本低廉地制造电池模块的情况下确保对电池模块的良好高效的调温。
为了实现该目的，本发明提出一种用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块，该电池模块是根据如下特征设计的：其中在多件式的电池模块壳体中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元，这些电池单元构成电池单元组。并且，在该电池模块中提出，在电池单元组的至少一个轴向端部处布置有电池单元组端板，其中该电池模块壳体具有中间部分并且至少在该中间部分的端部处具有被布置在该中间部分处的壳体端板。在该电池单元组与该中间部分的内表面之间形成有间隙，该间隙被导热介质填充。该电池单元组端板具有用于该导热介质的分配通道和用于充入该导热介质的喷射点。该导热介质在充入时从该喷射点被引导到该分配通道中，并且经由该分配通道在该中间部分的宽度上被充入该电池单元组与该中间部分的内表面之间。
电池模块的这种设计确保了将导热介质可靠地引入到电池模块中，并且确保整个有待接触的表面的热接触。因此，可以在电池单元组的电池单元与电池模块壳体之间最佳地传递热量。在此，由于形成分配通道，确保了在将导热介质充入到电池模块中时没有较高的压力作用到电池单元上。根据本发明的电池模块的设计能够实现对高导热性的、高粘性的导热介质的适合大批量生产的充入，而在此不使敏感的电池单元受到过大的压力或温度负荷。
具有分配通道的组件的电池模块的设计允许导热介质在中间部分的宽度上被输出到位于电池单元组与中间部分的内表面之间的间隙中。在此，由于这种分配，间隙可以保持得非常小。用导热介质填充的间隙越小、或者导热介质的导热性越好、或者可用于调温的表面越大，则电池调温越高效且性能越好。就这方面而言，优选的是在多侧调温。然而，有待用导热介质填充的间隙越小，则导热介质为了可靠地填充间隙而必须的粘性就越低，或者用以充入导热介质而必须的压力就越高。由于形成喷射点和分配通道，因此电池模块能够实现用相对较高的压力将相对高粘性的导热介质填充到间隙中。
优选地，该中间部分被设计成使其在背离该壳体端板的端部上具有另一个壳体端板。该另一个壳体端板同样可以设有(如前面描述的)喷射点和分配通道。
被看作特别有利的是，该分配通道被布置成垂直于该喷射点。因此，在充入导热介质时，在喷射点的区域中获得导热介质进入分配通道中的90°转向。
优选地，导热介质在分配通道的整个长度上、相对于分配通道中的主流大体上垂直于分配通道的通流、从分配通道同向地被输出到中间部分的内表面与电池单元组之间的间隙中。
优选地，该喷射点和该分配通道相对于该电池模块的纵向方向被布置在该电池单元组旁。
优选地，相应的电池单元组端板由塑料制成。
尤其，电池单元组在该电池单元组的相背离的侧面中的每个侧面上具有电池单元组端板。
尤其，喷射点被集成到电池单元组端板中或与该电池单元组端板连接。
此外优选地，分配通道和/或喷射点与分配通道之间的转向部被集成到电池单元组端板中或与该电池单元组端板连接。
尤其，该喷射点具有针对用于充入该导热介质配量装置喷嘴的对接途径或对接接纳部。尤其，该喷射点具有圆形的孔作为对接接纳部。
优选地，该分配通道的内部截面大于该电池单元组与该电池模块壳体的中间部分之间的、有待用导热介质填充的间隙。优选地，分配通道在内部截面/直径方面明显大于待填充的间隙。
被看作特别有利的是，该电池单元组端板中的朝向该中间部分敞开的半通道构成该分配通道。
优选地，分配通道具有通向电池单元组与电池模块壳体的中间部分之间的空间(由此通向间隙)的大的、宽的、但是狭长的开口。
尤其，该喷射点是可以被封闭的。这优选地借助于这些壳体端板中的一个壳体端板来实现。优选地，喷射点之后在组装电池模块时被电池模块壳体的部分所封闭，尤其是被所提到的端板、顶板或冷却板封闭。
尤其，该中间部分被设计成具有矩形截面的中空主体。在这个方面被看作特别有利的是：该导热介质在该电池模块壳体的一个侧面被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中，或者在该电池模块壳体的两个相反的侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中，或者在该电池模块壳体的三个侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中，或者在该电池模块壳体的所有四个侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中。
尤其提出的是，电池模块壳体的中间部分具有被集成到电池模块壳体中的、具有冷却介质的电池调温装置。该冷却介质例如涉及水混合物、油混合物或冷却剂。
为了使膏状的导热介质仅流动到应在电池单元组与电池模块壳体之间产生热接触的位置处，这个区域和/或转向部和/或分配通道优选地被密封元件、橡胶唇、橡胶密封件密封。
优选地，电池模块壳体的中间部分由挤出成型的和/或在连续的制造过程中生产的电池模块壳体型材构成，该电池模块壳体型材具有用于对电池单元进行调温的、引导介质的通道。尤其，该型材为铝挤压型材。
替代地，电池模块壳体的中间部分可以至少部分地由挤出成型的和/或在连续的制造过程中生产的电池模块壳体型材(尤其由铝挤压型材)制成，该电池模块壳体型材不具有用于对电池单元进行调温的、引导介质的通道。替代于此，这些冷却通道由附加的构件构成，这些附加的构件与电池模块壳体型材处于热连接和机械连接。
尤其，在这些电池模块中使用的电池单元是袋形单元、圆形单元或棱柱形的单元。在此优选为袋形单元。尤其，这些电池单元以并排竖立的方式布置并且以其电连接器在车辆横向方向上侧向地布置。
导热介质例如是导热膏。
根据本发明的电池模块实现了显著提高的冷却效率、简化的成本低廉的制造、无空气夹杂物的较高的过程安全性、成本低廉的适合大批量生产的实现方式、多侧调温、快速充电、电池单元的改善的使用寿命以及更小的结构空间需求。
自从属权利要求、附图以及对附图中所展示的实施例的说明中得出本发明的进一步的特征，而本发明并不局限于此。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1以不同平面剖切的方式示出局部展示的电池模块的空间视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出高电压电池的电池模块，该高电压电池涉及用于在电动车辆中使用的牵引电池。
电池模块1具有多件式的电池模块壳体2，在该电池模块壳体中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元3。这些电池单元构成电池单元组4。
在电池单元组4的轴向端部处布置有电池单元组端板，这些电池单元组端板中的仅一个电池单元组端板5被予以展示。
电池模块壳体2具有中间部分6和壳体端板，这些壳体端板在中间部分6的背离的端部处被布置在中间部分6处并且与该中间部分相连接，这些壳体端板中的仅一个壳体端板7被予以示出。相应的壳体端板与中间部分6相连接，尤其拧接并且相对彼此密封。
在电池单元组4与中间部分6的内表面(该内表面在中间部分6的上部壁区段8的底面上形成)之间形成有间隙9，该间隙是用导热介质填充的。
电池单元组端板5具有用于导热介质的分配通道10。此外，电池单元端板5具有用于充入导热介质的喷射点11。导热介质(该导热介质是高粘性的导热膏)在充入时从喷射点11被引导到分配通道10中，并且在此以从水平面到水平面的方式转向了90°，并且经由分配通道10在中间部分6的宽度上(沿X方向看对应于电池单元端板5在该X方向上的宽度)被充入电池单元组4与中间部分6之间。
导热介质借助于转向部12从喷射点11转向至分配通道10。
因此，喷射点11和分配通道10相对于电池模块1的纵向延伸方向在车辆的横向方向Y上被布置在电池单元组4旁。
相应的电池单元组端板由塑料制成。喷射点11具有针对用于充入导热介质的配量装置的对接接纳部。喷射点被设计为圆形的孔。
分配通道10的内部截面明显大于中间部分6的上部壁区段8与电池单元组4之间的、有待用导热介质填充的间隙9。分配通道10被设计为电池单元组端板5中的向上敞开的半通道。因此，敞开的半通道是朝向中间部分6(具体地朝向上部壁区段8)敞开的。根据箭头13的箭头图示，在用导热介质填充电池模块1时，导热介质沿Y方向穿过喷射点11到达转向部12、并且从那里沿X方向进入分配通道10中(在分配通道10的整个长度上)并且随后沿Y方向从电池单元端板5(该电池单元端板限定分配通道10)的边缘区域14沿Y方向进入(在X方向上仅部分地展示的)上部壁区段8与电池单元组4之间的间隙9中，直到看不到的其他的电池单元组端板。因此，导热介质填满这两个电池单元组端板之间的以及电池单元组4与上部壁区段8之间的间隙9。
在填充之后，喷射点11借助于壳体端板7被封闭，该壳体端板与中间部分6拧接。为了使膏状的导热介质仅流动到应在电池单元组4与电池模块壳体2之间产生热接触的位置处，这个区域和/或转向部和/或分配通道10优选地被密封元件或橡胶唇或橡胶密封件密封。
电池模块壳体2尤其涉及铝挤压型材，该铝挤压型材具有沿Y方向延伸的、用于对电池单元3进行调温的、引导介质的通道。调温剂(例如水混合物、油混合物或冷却剂)流过这些通道。
电池单元3是袋形单元。这些袋形单元以相叠竖立的方式布置并且其电连接器在车辆方向Y上侧向布置。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于电动车辆的高电压电池的电池模块(1)，其中在多件式的电池模块壳体(2)中布置有多个相继堆叠的、彼此电连接的电池单元(3)，这些电池单元构成电池单元组(4)，其特征在于，在该电池单元组(4)的至少一个轴向端部处布置有电池单元组端板(5)，其中该电池模块壳体(2)具有中间部分(6)并且至少在该中间部分(6)的朝向该电池单元组端板(5)的端部处具有被布置在该中间部分处的壳体端板(7)，其中在该电池单元组(4)与该中间部分(6)的内表面之间形成有间隙(9)，该间隙被导热介质填充，其中该电池单元组端板(5)具有用于该导热介质的分配通道(10)，并且该电池单元组端板(5)具有用于充入该导热介质的喷射点(11)，其中该导热介质在充入时从该喷射点(11)被引导到该分配通道(10)中，并且经由该分配通道(10)在该中间部分(6)的宽度上被充入该电池单元组(4)与该中间部分(6)的内表面之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其特征在于，在该电池单元组(4)的背离的轴向端部处布置有电池单元组端板。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该中间部分(6)在背离该壳体端板(7)的端部处具有另一个壳体端板。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该分配通道(10)被布置成垂直于该喷射点(11)。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该喷射点(11)和该分配通道(10)相对于该电池模块(1)的纵向方向(Y)被布置在该电池单元组(4)旁。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该电池单元组端板(5)由塑料制成。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该喷射点(11)具有针对用于充入该导热介质的配量装置喷嘴的对接接纳部。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该喷射点(11)具有圆形的孔作为对接接纳部。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该分配通道(10)的内部截面大于该电池单元组(4)与该电池模块壳体(2)的中间部分(6)之间的有待用导热介质填充的间隙(9)。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该电池单元组端板(5)中的朝向该中间部分(6)敞开的半通道构成该分配通道(10)。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该喷射点(11)是能够被封闭的，尤其是能够借助于这些壳体端板(7)中的一个壳体端板被封闭的。
12.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该中间部分(6)被设计为具有矩形截面的中空主体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该导热介质在该电池模块壳体(2)的一个侧面被布置在该中间部分(6)与该电池单元组(4)之间的间隙(9)中，或者在该电池模块壳体的两个相反的侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中，或者在该电池模块壳体的三个侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中，或者在该电池模块壳体的所有四个侧面上被布置在该中间部分与该电池单元组之间的间隙中。
14.根据权利要求1至13之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该中间部分(6)具有被集成在该中间部分中的、用于对这些电池单元(3)进行调温的、引导介质的通道。
15.根据权利要求1至14之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，该中间部分(6)不具有用于对这些电池单元(3)进行调温的、引导介质的通道，其中引导介质的通道由附加的构件构成，这些附加的构件与电池模块壳体型材处于热连接和机械连接。
16.根据权利要求1至15之一所述的电池模块，其特征在于，这些电池单元(3)被设计为袋形单元、圆形单元或棱柱形的单元。
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