CN111902804A - 用于管理存储设备的资源并量化i/o请求成本的***和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一个实施例便于测量存储设备的性能。在操作期间,***确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中归一化成本与访问模式和I/O请求的类型无关,其中归一化成本由I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量表示,其中虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本的逻辑单位。该***通过计算可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量来标识存储设备的性能指标。***基于性能指标将输入的I/O请求分配给存储设备,例如以满足服务质量要求,从而增强对存储设备性能的测量。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及数据存储领域。更具体地,本公开涉及用于管理存储设备的资源并且用于量化输入/输出(I/O)请求成本的***和方法。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的激增继续产生大量的数字内容。已经创建了各种存储***和服务器来访问和存储这种数字内容。在云或群集存储***中,多个应用可以共享底层***资源(例如,存储设备的资源)。管理存储设备的资源对于***的性能以及满足任何服务质量(QoS)要求(例如,在服务级别协议中)都是至关重要的。需要可以量化存储设备的性能指标。诸如每秒输入/输出操作(IOPS)或吞吐量之类的常规性能指标对于量化特定工作负载(例如具有所有读取请求或所有写入请求的工作负载)下的存储设备的性能可能是有用的。
然而,在混合的工作负载中(例如,读取请求与写入请求的动态比率分布在不同的请求大小范围内),读取和写入带宽均不能直接用于指示存储的性能设备。此外,在诸如固态驱动器(SSD)的存储设备中,由于NAND介质的特性和内部垃圾收集机制,读取和写入性能可能是不对称的。因此,常规性能指标无法有效地评估存储设备在各种混合工作负载和请求大小上的性能。通用性能指标的这种不足可能导致识别存储设备的性能的准确性降低,这可能导致对存储设备的基础资源的无效管理。反过来,这可能导致云或群集存储***的整体效率下降,并且还可能影响分布式存储***的可伸缩性。
发明内容
一个实施例便于测量存储设备的性能。在操作期间,***确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中,所述归一化成本与访问模式和所述I/O请求的类型无关,其中归一化成本由所述I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量表示,其中所述虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本的逻辑单位。该***通过计算可以由所述存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量来标识存储设备的性能指标。***基于性能指标将输入的I/O请求分配给所述存储设备,例如以满足服务质量要求,从而使得对存储设备性能的增强测量。
在一些实施例中,确定归一化的成本包括确定用于所述I/O请求的成本因子,其涉及:选择一组测试成本因子值;基于变化的I/O请求大小和变化的读取I/O请求与写入I/O请求的比率,在所述存储设备上执行变化的工作负载;根据每个工作负载在所述存储设备上执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第三次数量来测量所述存储设备的性能;确定一测试成本因子值,该值可以反映所有工作负载中稳定的每秒虚拟I/O操作性能;并将I/O请求的成本因子设置为确定的测试成本因子值。
在一些实施例中,确定归一化成本还包括:确定I/O请求的大小与基本单元的预定大小的第一比率;并通过为I/O请求确定的成本因子来缩放所述第一比率。
在一些实施例中,***生成将延迟值范围映射到可以由所述存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作第四数量的数据结构。
在一些实施例中,***响应于以下一项或多项而获得数据结构:启动启动或配置过程;并由该存储设备或与该存储设备相关联的用户或应用程序请求该数据结构。
在一些实施例中,***基于特定I/O请求的大小来确定特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟。***基于所述特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟在数据结构中执行查找,以获得每秒虚拟I/O操作的第五数量,这些虚拟I/O操作映射到包含所述特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟的第二延迟值范围。
在一些实施例中,***将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分分配给一个或更多个应用程序。***从应用程序接收第二I/O请求。***基于分配给所述应用程序的每秒虚拟I/O操作第二数量的相应部分来调度所述第二I/O请求。
在一些实施例中,分配每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分基于以下一项或多项:与各个应用程序相关的优先级;与各个应用程序相关联的用户;预定时间段,当超过该预定时间段时,将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分刷新或重新分配给一个或多个应用程序。
在一些实施例中,调度所述第二I/O请求还基于:与所述第二I/O请求相关联的优先级;与各个应用程序相关的优先级;以及与相应应用程序关联的用户。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性环境。
图2A示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于便于对存储设备的性能的测量的示例性环境。
图2B示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于便于对存储设备的性能的测量的示例性环境。
图3A示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于存储设备的性能测量的方法的流程图。
图3B示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于确定I/O请求的成本因子的方法的流程图。
图4呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的基于各种测试成本因子值在给定存储设备上的读写请求的变化比率上测量VIOPS的示例性测试结果的示意图。
图5呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于基于优先级和分配的VIOPS来调度I/O请求的方法的流程图。
图6示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于基于优先级和分配的VIOPS来调度或分发I/O请求的示例性伪代码。
图7A呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于基于特定目标延迟时间值在给定存储设备中查找VIOPS能力的方法。
图7B示出了根据本申请的实施例的在给定存储设备中将目标延迟时间范围值映射到VIOPS能力的示例性数据结构。
图8示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性计算机***。
图9示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性装置。
在附图中,相同的附图标记指代相同的附图元素。
具体实施方式
提供以下描述以使本领域的任何技术人员能够制造和使用实施例,并且在特定应用及其要求的上下文中提供以下描述。对于所公开的实施例的各种修改对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,并且在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,本文中定义的一般原理可以应用于其他实施例和应用。因此,本文描述的实施例不限于所示的实施例,而是应被赋予与本文公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
概述
在此描述的实施例提供了一种***,该***解决了在给定工作负载的情况下提供指标以量化存储设备的性能的问题,该工作负载包括各种类型的I/O请求(例如,读取请求与写入请求的动态比率)。
在云或群集存储***中,多个应用程序可以共享底层***资源(例如,存储设备的资源)。管理存储设备的资源对于***的性能以及满足任何服务质量(QoS)要求(例如,在服务级别协议中)都是至关重要的。需要可以量化存储设备的性能的指标。诸如每秒输入/输出操作(IOPS)或吞吐量之类的常规性能指标对于量化特定工作负载(例如具有所有读取请求或所有写入请求的工作负载)下的存储设备的性能可能很有用。
然而,在混合的工作负载中(例如,读取请求与写入请求的动态比率分布在不同大小的请求范围内),读取和写入带宽均不能直接用于指示存储设备的性能。此外,在诸如SSD的存储设备中,由于NAND介质的特性和内部垃圾收集机制,读取和写入性能可能是不对称的。因此,常规性能指标无法有效地评估存储设备在各种混合工作负载和请求大小上的性能。通用性能指标的这种不足可能导致识别存储设备的性能的准确性降低,这可能导致对存储设备的基础资源的无效管理。反过来,这可能导致云或群集存储***的整体效率下降,并且还可能影响分布式存储***的可伸缩性。
本文所描述的实施例通过提供一种使用新的性能指标–“每秒虚拟I/O操作”或“VIOPS”(概括存储设备(例如SSD)中的带宽概念)–的***来解决这些不足。***可以将目标存储设备上变化的I/O请求的资源成本归一化,而与I/O请求的访问模式(例如,随机或顺序)和类型(例如,读取或写入)无关。***通过使用消耗的虚拟I/O数来衡量单个I/O请求的成本。
I/O请求可以基于请求的各种特征或特性而变化,包括例如请求类型(读取或写入)、请求大小、和访问模式(随机或顺序)。I/O请求消耗的VIO数量取决于I/O请求的各种特征。例如,4KB随机读取可能会消耗一个虚拟I/O,而4KB随机写入可能会消耗一个以上的虚拟I/O。虚拟I/O操作用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本的逻辑单位。***可以使用公式来计算通过为给定存储设备提供任何随机存储请求(即任何大小的读取或写入请求)而消耗的虚拟I/O数量。因此,实际I/O请求的成本将转换为目标存储设备上消耗的虚拟I/O数量。下面参考图3B和图4描述确定随机I/O请求的成本。
通过将基于VIO且独立于给定I/O请求的访问模式或类型的I/O请求的成本归一化,***可以基于VIOPS评估存储设备的性能,即每秒服务的虚拟I/O数量。此外,基于优先级的I/O调度器组件可以利用VIOPS模型来精确地控制不同I/O服务或应用程序之间的服务资源,如下面关于图5中所述。在具有多个存储服务器和存储设备的分布式存储***中,可以基于针对特定存储设备的所计算的VIOPS将传入的I/O请求分配给特定存储设备。即,调度器组件可以基于为分布式存储***中的多个存储设备中的每一个所计算出的VIOPS,确定如何在多个存储设备之间分配、分派、分发和调度输入的I/O请求。
因此,本文描述的实施例提供了一种改进和增强存储***的效率和性能的***。通过使用VIO测量任何随机I/O请求的成本,***可以将变化的I/O请求的成本归一化(通过将I/O请求的成本转换为给定存储设备消耗的多个VIO)。***还可以标识用于评估存储设备的新性能指标(通过计算存储设备服务的VIOPS数量)。通过使用VIOPS作为存储设备的性能指标,***可以克服常规指标的缺陷,例如IOPS或吞吐量,这些指标仅限于量化特定工作负载下的性能。因此,本文所述的实施例可以通过考虑混合的工作负载来更准确地提供存储设备的性能的指标,例如,利用读取请求和写入请求之间的动态比率以及变化的I/O请求大小。这样,与常规性能指标不同,该***增强了存储设备性能的测量。此外,通过基于VIOPS的更准确和灵活的性能指标来分配传入的I/O请求,本文描述的实施例增强了分布式存储***的整体效率和性能。
示例性环境与网络
图1示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性环境100。环境100可以包括计算设备102和相关联的用户104。计算设备102可以经由网络110与存储服务器112、114和116通信,存储服务器112、114和116可以是分布式存储***的一部分并且可以经由客户端服务器(未示出)访问。存储服务器可以包括多个存储设备,并且每个存储设备可以包括控制器和用于数据存储的多个物理介质。例如,服务器116可以包括:网络接口卡(NIC)122;CPU 124;DRAM DIMM 126;硬盘驱动器(HDD)132和136(分别带有控制器134和138);和SSD140和144(分别带有控制器142和146)。
控制器可以包括到主机和非易失性存储器的接口。例如,SSD 140可以包括SSD控制器142。控制器142可以包括:主机接口150;嵌入式处理器152;通道管理158。SSD控制器142可以与主机通信(例如,经由主机接口150以及与主机192的通信)。SSD控制器142还可以与非易失性存储器通信(通过通道管理158)。可以通过多个通道对非易失性存储器进行访问。例如,可以通过通道170访问NAND裸片172、174和176,并且可以通过通道180访问NAND裸片182、184和186。
在操作期间,在本文描述的实施例中,SSD 140经由SSD控制器142可以接收各种I/O请求(例如,经由通信192)。对SSD 140的单个I/O请求(即VIO)的成本和性能指标(即VIOPS)的标识可以由不位于SSD 140中的组件或模块确定。优先级感知I/O调度器,如下面关于图2A和2B所示),可以使用确定的成本和性能指标来调度传入的I/O请求,这些请求具有不同的优先级、特征(例如大小、类型和访问模式)并分配了全部的VIOPS。
图2A示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于便于对存储设备的性能的测量的示例性环境200。环境200可以包括:应用程序202,其中来自应用程序202的传入请求被标记为“高”优先级;以及应用程序204,其中来自应用程序204的传入请求被标记为“中”优先级;应用206,其中来自应用程序206的传入请求被标记为“低”优先级。应用程序202、204和206中的每个还可以与给定存储设备的整个VIOPS的先前分配的部分相关联。
在操作期间,应用程序可以发送I/O请求,该请求由调度程序组件根据I/O请求的优先级、为请求的应用程序预先分配的VIOPS量以及其他因素来接收和调度。例如,应用程序204可以发送I/O请求205,其被优先级感知I/O调度器210接收。基于I/O请求205的“中”优先级以及任何对应用程序204的先前分配的VIOPS量,调度器210可以调度I/O请求205(通过通信调度I/O请求211)到设备驱动器220。设备驱动器220可以将数据221(与I/O请求205相关联)发送给存储设备240。
因此,优先级感知I/O调度器210可以考虑单个I/O请求的优先级,并且还可以基于配置的设置、参数或VIOPS使用规则,跨各种应用程序控制VIOPS使用。这些VIOPS使用率的因素可以由***、***管理员或其他用户预先配置。例如,在存储***或存储设备的操作期间,或者作为处理I/O请求的一部分,用于VIOPS使用率的因素还可以导致跨各种应用程序动态分配的VIOPS使用率。
图2B示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于便于对存储设备的性能的测量的示例性环境250。环境250与环境200类似,但环境250中包含在不启用优先级感知I/O调度程序的情况下发生的通信。环境250可以包括:标记为“高”优先级的文件I/O任务252;以及标记为“中”优先级的文件I/O任务254;标记为“低”优先级的文件I/O任务256。文件I/O任务252、254和256中的每一个也可以与给定存储设备的先前分配的总VIOPS的部分相关联。
在操作期间,可以将文件I/O任务252作为I/O请求253发送到用户空间文件***260。如果启用了优先级感知I/O调度程序,则可以由优先级感知I/O调度器270接收I/O请求253(例如通过启用的调度器264通信)。根据I/O请求253的“高”优先级,以及先前分配给文件I/O任务252(或与文件I/O任务252相关的应用程序或用户)的VIOPS数量,优先级感知I/O调度器270可以调度I/O请求253(通过通信调度I/O请求271)并将其调度到设备驱动器(SPDK)280。设备驱动器280可以发送数据281(与I/O请求253相关联))到存储设备(NVMeSSD)280。
如果未启用优先级感知I/O调度程序(例如,被禁用、不存在或未被识别),则用户空间文件***260可以经由禁用的调度器262通信将I/O请求253直接发送给设备驱动程序(SPDK)280。可以使用先进先出(FIFO)策略对以这种方式处理的I/O请求进行排队。
基于VIOPS测量存储设备的性能;并确定单个I/O请求的成本和成本因子
图3A呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于便于对存储设备的性能的测量的方法的流程图300。在操作期间,***确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中,归一化成本与访问模式和I/O请求的类型无关,其中归一化成本由I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量表示,其中虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本的逻辑单位(操作302)。
***通过计算可由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作(VIOPS)的第二数量来标识存储设备的性能指标,从而便于增强对存储设备性能的度量(操作304)。***基于性能指标(例如以满足服务质量要求或实现最佳或增强的负载平衡)将进入的I/O请求分配给存储设备(操作306)。
在操作302中的归一化成本可以进一步基于I/O请求的“成本因子”。例如,***可以基于特定I/O请求的cost_factor计算给定I/O请求的“VIO成本”:
VIO_cost=cost_factor*(request_size/base_size) 等式(1)
request_size是给定I/O请求的大小,而base_size是基本单元的预定大小,例如4KB。假定一读取I/O请求的cost_factor为“1”,并且写入I/O请求的cost_factor由变量k表示。***可以执行特定过程以选择k值(即成本因子值),该值在特定存储设备上提供最大的VIOPS性能。
图3B呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于确定I/O请求的成本因子的方法的流程图320。在操作期间,***选择一组测试成本因子值,以确定I/O请求的成本因子(操作322)(例如,k的一组值)。***基于变化的I/O请求大小以及读取的I/O请求与写入的I/O请求的变化的比率在存储设备上执行变化的工作负载(操作324)。例如,读写请求的变化比率可以包括:100%的读取请求对0%的写入请求(“100R”);80%的读取请求对20%的写入请求(“80R”);50%的读取请求对50%的写入请求(“50R”);30%的读取请求对70%的写入请求(“30R”)。该***基于针对相应的工作负载在存储设备上执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作数量来衡量存储设备的性能(操作326)。如果还有剩余工作负载要执行(决策328),则操作如上文针对操作324所述的那样继续(例如,执行工作量)。如果没有剩余的工作负载要执行(决策328),则***确定成本因子值,其在所有工作负载中投射出恒定的每秒虚拟I/O操作(操作330)。***将用于I/O请求的成本因子设置为确定的成本因子值(操作332)。即,***识别出k值,该k值展示或投射出最恒定的VIOPS,如以下关于图4所示。
图4呈现示出了根据本申请的实施例的基于各种测试成本因子值在给定存储设备上针对读写请求的变化比率测量VIOPS的示例性测试结果的示意图400。x轴表示读写请求的变化比率。也就是说,“100R”表示100%的读取请求对0%的写入请求,“90R”表示90%的读取请求对10%的写入请求,依此类推。y轴表示测量到的储存设备消耗的每秒虚拟I/O操作。请注意,当K=13时,为给定存储设备提供最恒定VIOPS的成本因子的值。请注意,图表400中的结果可以反映特定的I/O请求大小,以及变化的读写请求的比率。
基于优先级和分配的VIOPS的I/O请求调度的示例性方法;用于调度I/O请求的示例伪
代码
图5呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于基于优先级和分配的VIOPS来调度I/O请求的方法的流程图。在操作期间,***确定或计算可由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的总数(操作502),即,可由存储设备服务的VIOPS的数量。***将VIOPS总数的一部分分配给一个或多个应用程序(操作504)。可以基于例如与相应应用程序相关联的优先级、与各个应用程序相关联的用户、预定时间段(当超过该预定时间段时,将刷新或重新分配总VIOPS的部分)来分配VIOPS的各部分。
随后,***从应用程序接收I/O请求(操作506)。***基于分配给应用程序的VIOPS总数的各个部分来调度和分发接收到的I/O请求(操作508)。可以进一步基于以下一项或多项来调度I/O请求:与I/O请求关联的优先级;与各个应用程序相关的优先级;以及与相应应用程序关联的用户。在上面图2A和2B中描述了示例性的优先级感知I/O调度器。
图6示出了根据本申请的实施例的用于基于优先级和分配的VIOPS来调度I/O请求的示例性伪代码600。
基于目标延迟查找VIOPS能力的示例性方法;示例数据结构
图7A呈现了示出根据本申请的实施例的用于基于特定目标延迟值在给定存储设备中查找VIOPS能力的方法的流程图700。在操作期间,***生成将延迟值的范围映射到可由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作数量的数据结构(操作702)。该***响应于以下一项或多项而获得数据结构:开启启动或配置过程;以及并由存储设备或与存储设备相关联的用户或应用程序请求数据结构(操作704)。***基于特定I/O请求的大小来确定特定读取延迟或特定写入延迟(操作706)。***基于特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟在数据结构中执行查找,以获取每秒虚拟I/O操作数量,这些虚拟I/O操作映射到包括特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟的第二延迟值范围(操作708)。
图7B示出了根据本申请的实施例的将目标延迟范围值映射到给定存储设备中的VIOPS能力的示例性数据结构750。数据结构750可以包括条目,该条目包括延迟范围752和存储设备754可执行的最大VIOPS。例如,条目760可以包括“101微秒–300微秒”的延迟范围和“300,000”的最大VIOPS值。”类似地,条目762可以包括“301微秒-500微秒”的延迟范围和“200,000”的最大VIOPS值。
示例性计算机***和设备
图8示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性计算机***800。计算机***800包括处理器802、易失性存储器804和存储设备806。计算机***800可以是计算设备或存储设备。易失性存储器804可以包括用作管理存储器的存储器(例如,RAM),并且可以用于存储一个或多个存储器池。计算机***800可以连接到显示设备810、键盘812和指示设备814。存储设备806可以存储操作***816、内容处理***818和数据832。
内容处理***818可以包括指令,该指令在由计算机***800执行时,可以使计算机***800执行本公开中描述的方法和/或过程。例如,内容处理***818可以包括用于接收和发送数据包的指令,该指令包括写入或读取数据的请求、I/O请求、要被编码和存储的数据、或者数据的块或页面。
内容处理***818可以进一步包括用于确定I/O请求的归一化成本的指令,其中归一化成本独立于访问模式和I/O请求的类型,其中通过I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量来指示所述归一化成本,并且其中将虚拟I/O操作用作与物理I/O操作相关联的成本的逻辑单位(成本确定模块822)。内容处理***818可以包括用于通过计算可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作第二数量来标识存储设备的性能指标的指令,从而便于对存储设备性能的增强测量(VIOPS计算模块824)。内容处理***818可以包括用于基于性能指标将进入的I/O请求分配给存储设备以满足服务质量要求的指令(请求调度模块830)。
内容处理***818还可包括用于确定I/O请求的成本因子的指令(成本确定模块822)。内容处理***818可以包括用于生成数据结构的指令,该数据结构将延迟值的范围映射到可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作第四数量(数据结构管理模块826)。内容处理***818可以包括用于基于特定I/O请求的大小来确定特定读取延迟或特定写入延迟的指令(数据结构管理模块826)。内容处理***818可以另外包括用于基于特定读取延迟或特定写入延迟在数据结构中执行查找的指令,以获取映射到包括特定读取延迟或特定写入延迟的值的第二延迟范围的每秒虚拟I/O操作第五数量(数据结构管理模块826)。
内容处理***818还可包括用于将每秒虚拟I/O操作第二数量的一部分分配给一个或多个应用程序的指令(VIOPS分配模块828)。内容处理***818可以包括用于从应用程序接收第二I/O请求的指令(通信模块820)。内容处理***818可以包括用于基于分配给应用程序的每秒虚拟I/O操作第二数量的相应部分来调度第二I/O请求的指令(请求调度模块830)。
数据832可以包括通过本公开中描述的方法和/或过程的作为输入所需或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体而言,数据832可以至少存储:要存储、写入、加载、移动、检索、访问、删除或复制的数据;成本;归一化成本;请求;I/O请求;物理I/O操作;I/O请求的访问模式;I/O请求的类型或大小;虚拟I/O;虚拟I/O数;与物理I/O操作相关的逻辑成本单位;每秒虚拟I/O数(VIOPS);性能指标;基于VIOPS的存储设备性能的指标;成本因子;一组测试成本因子值;不同工作负载;不同的I/O请求大小;读取I/O请求与写入I/O请求的不同比率;跨工作负载的VIOPS预测;基本单元的预定大小;I/O请求大小与预定基本单元大小的第一比率;数据结构;数据结构条目;延迟值;延迟值范围;将延迟值范围映射到可由存储设备执行的多个VIOPS的条目;启动或配置过程;对数据结构的请求;读取延迟;写入延迟;VIOPS数的指定部分;应用程序;应用分配的VIOPS部分;与I/O请求或应用程序关联的用户或优先级;预定时间段;以及VIOPS数的新的或更新的重新分配或重新分配的部分。
图9示出了根据本申请的实施例的便于测量存储设备的性能的示例性装置900。设备900可以包括可以经由有线、无线、量子光、或电通信通道彼此通信的多个单元或装置。装置900可以使用一个或多个集成电路来实现,并且可以包括比图9中所示的单元或装置更少或更多的单元或装置。此外,装置900可以被集成在计算机***中,或者被实现为能够与其他计算机***和/或设备通信的单独的设备。具体地,设备900可以包括执行与图8的计算机***800的模块820-830相似的功能或操作的单元902-912,包括:通信单元902;成本确定单元904;VIOPS计算单元906;数据结构管理单元908;VIOPS分配单元910;请求调度单元912。
在本文详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储在计算机可读存储介质上,该计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储由计算机***使用的代码和/或数据的任何设备或介质。所述计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储设备(例如磁盘驱动器,磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字多功能光盘或数字视频光盘))或其他现在已知或以后开发的能够存储的计算机可读介质。
在详细描述部分中描述的方法和过程可以被体现为代码和/或数据,所述代码和/或数据可以被存储在如上所述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机***读取并执行存储在计算机可读存储介质上的代码和/或数据时,计算机***执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储在计算机可读存储介质内的方法和过程。
此外,上述方法和过程可以被包括在硬件模块中。例如,硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片,现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)以及现在已知或以后开发的其他可编程逻辑设备。激活硬件模块后,硬件模块将执行硬件模块中包含的方法和过程。
仅出于说明和描述的目的给出了本文描述的前述实施例。它们并不旨在穷举或将本文描述的实施例限制为所公开的形式。因此,许多修改和变化对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。另外,以上公开内容并非旨在限制本文描述的实施例。本文描述的实施例的范围由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于便于对存储设备的性能测量的计算机实现的方法,该方法包括:
确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中,所述归一化成本与访问模式和所述I/O请求的类型无关,其中,所述归一化成本由所述I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量来指示,其中,所述虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本逻辑单元;
通过计算可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量来识别所述存储设备的性能指标;和
根据所述性能指标将传入的I/O请求分配给所述存储设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定所述归一化成本包括:
确定所述I/O请求的成本因子,其中包括:
选择一组测试成本因子值;
基于变化的I/O请求大小和变化的读取I/O请求与写入I/O请求的比率,在所述存储设备上执行变化的工作负载;
根据每个工作负载在所述存储设备上执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第三数量来测量所述存储设备的性能;
确定一测试成本因子值,该值可以反映所有工作负载中稳定的每秒虚拟I/O操作性能;和
将所述I/O请求的成本因子设置为确定的测试成本因子值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中确定所述归一化成本还包括:
确定所述I/O请求的大小与基本单元的预定大小的第一比率;和
通过为所述I/O请求确定的成本因子缩放所述第一比率。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
生成将延迟值范围映射到可以由所述存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作第四数量的数据结构。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,还包括:
获取所述数据结构以响应以下一项或多项:
启动启动或配置过程;和
由所述存储设备或与所述存储设备相关联的用户或应用程序请求所述数据结构。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,还包括:
根据特定的I/O请求的大小确定特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟;和
根据所述特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟在所述数据结构中执行查找,以获得每秒虚拟I/O操作的第五数量,这些虚拟I/O操作映射到包含所述特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟的第二延迟值范围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分分配给一个或更多个应用程序;
从所述应用程序接收第二I/O请求;和
基于分配给所述应用程序的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的相应部分来调度所述第二I/O请求。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,基于以下一项或多项分配所述每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分:
与各个应用程序相关的优先级;
与各个应用程序相关联的用户;和
预定时间段,当超过该预定时间段时,将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分刷新或重新分配给一个或多个应用程序。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,调度所述第二I/O请求还基于:
与所述第二I/O请求相关的优先级;
与各个应用程序相关的优先级;和
与相应应用程序关联的用户。
10.一种用于便于对存储设备的性能进行测量的计算机***,该***包括:
处理器;和
存储器,所述存储器连接到所述处理器并存储有指令,该指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述处理器执行一种方法,该方法包括:
确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中,所述归一化成本与访问模式和所述I/O请求的类型无关,其中,所述归一化成本由所述I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量来指示,其中所述虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本逻辑单元;
通过计算可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量来识别所述存储设备的性能指标;和
根据所述性能指标将传入的I/O请求分配给所述存储设备。
11.根据权利要求10所述的计算机***,其中,确定所述归一化成本包括:
确定所述I/O请求的成本因子,其中包括:
选择一组测试成本因子值;
基于变化的I/O请求大小和变化的读取I/O请求与写入I/O请求的比率,在所述存储设备上执行变化的工作负载;
根据每个工作负载在所述存储设备上执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第三数量来测量存储设备的性能;
确定一测试成本因子值,该值可以反映所有工作负载中稳定的每秒虚拟I/O操作性能;和
将所述I/O请求的成本因子设置为确定的测试成本因子值。
12.根据权利要求11所述的计算机***,其中,确定所述归一化成本还包括:
确定所述I/O请求的大小与基本单元的预定大小的第一比率;和
通过为所述I/O请求确定的成本因子缩放所述第一比率。
13.根据权利要求10所述的计算机***,其中,所述方法还包括:
生成将延迟值范围映射到可以由所述存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作第四数量的数据结构。
14.根据权利要求13所述的计算机***,其中,所述方法还包括:
获取所述数据结构以响应以下一项或多项:
启动启动或配置过程;和
由所述存储设备或与所述存储设备相关联的用户或应用程序请求所述数据结构。
15.根据权利要求13所述的计算机***,其中,所述方法还包括:
根据特定的I/O请求的大小确定特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟;和
根据所述特定的读取延迟或特定的写入延迟在所述数据结构中执行查找,以获得每秒虚拟I/O操作的第五数量,这些虚拟I/O操作映射到包含所述特定的读取延迟或特定写入延迟的第二延迟值范围。
16.根据权利要求9所述的计算机***,其中,所述方法还包括:
将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分分配给一个或更多个应用程序;
从所述应用程序接收第二I/O请求;和
基于分配给所述应用程序的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的相应部分来调度所述第二I/O请求。
17.如权利要求16所述的计算机***,其特征在于,分配所述每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分是基于以下一项或多项:
与各个应用程序相关的优先级;
与各个应用程序相关联的用户;和
预定时间段,当超过该预定时间段时,将每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量的部分刷新或重新分配给一个或多个应用程序。
18.根据权利要求16所述的计算机***,其中,调度所述第二I/O请求还基于:
与第二I/O请求相关的优先级;
与各个应用程序相关的优先级;和
与相应应用程序关联的用户。
19.一种用于便于测量存储设备的性能的设备,所述设备包括:
成本确定模块,所述成本确定模块被配置为确定I/O请求的归一化成本,其中,归一化成本与访问模式和所述I/O请求的类型无关,其中,所述归一化成本由所述I/O请求消耗的虚拟I/O操作的第一数量来指示,其中所述虚拟I/O操作被用作与物理I/O操作相关的成本的逻辑单位;
每秒虚拟I/O操作(VIOPS)计算模块,所述每秒虚拟I/O操作计算模块被配置为通过计算可以由存储设备执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第二数量来识别所述存储设备的性能指标;和
请求调度模块,所述请求调度模块被配置为基于所述性能指标将传入的I/O请求分配给所述存储设备。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备,其中,所述成本确定模块还被配置为:
确定I/O请求的成本因子,其中包括:
选择一组测试成本因子值;
基于变化的I/O请求大小和变化的读取I/O请求与写入I/O请求的比率,在所述存储设备上执行变化的工作负载;
根据每个工作负载在所述存储设备上执行的每秒虚拟I/O操作的第三数量来测量存储设备的性能;
确定一测试成本因子值,该值可以反映所有工作负载中最稳定的每秒虚拟I/O操作性能;和
将I/O请求的成本因子设置为确定的测试成本因子值;
确定所述I/O请求的大小与基本单元的预定大小的第一比率;和
通过为I/O请求确定的成本因子缩放所述第一个比率。
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