CN111837855A - Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome - Google Patents
Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111837855A CN111837855A CN202010774644.1A CN202010774644A CN111837855A CN 111837855 A CN111837855 A CN 111837855A CN 202010774644 A CN202010774644 A CN 202010774644A CN 111837855 A CN111837855 A CN 111837855A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- potato
- ridge
- soil
- transplanting
- purple
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 244000281702 Dioscorea villosa Species 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000004976 Solanum vernei Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000352057 Solanum vernei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000215747 Pachyrhizus erosus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000001591 Pachyrhizus erosus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 46
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000005717 Dioscorea alata Species 0.000 description 39
- 235000002723 Dioscorea alata Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000209128 Bambusa Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000018694 Solanum laxum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000004488 Solanum wendlandii Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000000305 Solanum wendlandii Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005903 Dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000504 Dioscorea villosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001560086 Pachyrhizus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008636 plant growth process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of purple yam rhizome, and relates to the technical field of purple yam cultivation and planting. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: fertilizing by using peanut cakes after soil preparation, processing seed potatoes, growing seedlings under appropriate conditions, transplanting after the potato pieces grow 1.5-2.5 cm of buds, and ridging before transplanting: controlling ridge height, ridge width and ridge spacing, plant spacing and row spacing, planting in double rows, spreading forage, building frames between potato blocks for climbing the purple yam tubers, and digging out the purple yam tubers after the purple yam tubers are mature to obtain the purple yam tubers. The method has the advantages that the peanut cake after peanut oil pressing is applied is used as an organic fertilizer to replace a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, a small amount of compound fertilizer is added during ridging, so that the production cost of the cultivation technology is low, a proper amount of lime is added during soil preparation and fertilization, diseases in soil are prevented and treated, soil looseness is increased, and the tuberous roots of the purple potatoes grow larger and are high in yield. In addition, the structure of the scaffold enhances the wind resistance of the purple yam plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purple sweet potato cultivation and planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of purple yam rhizome.
Background
Purple potato (Dioscorea alata lirm. sp) is a kind of sweet potato, and the long phase is irregular flat shape, similar to a sole plate, belonging to the genus Dioscorea (Dioscorea), also called as ginseng potato. The radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae contains abundant starch, a large amount of vitamins, proteins and other active substances such as viscous polysaccharide, saponin, trace elements and the like which are very beneficial to human bodies, and the beneficial components in the radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae can assist in treating cancers, reducing blood fat and regulating blood pressure, and also has the physiological curative effects of nourishing lung, reinforcing kidney and tonifying spleen. The purple yam rhizome can be used as conventional food to prepare various dishes, is popular with people, and can be used for preparing various medical materials and the like. Therefore, the planting of the purple yam has higher economic benefit.
At present, the cultivation of the purple potatoes has certain problems, for example, because nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used too much, except for the absorption of the purple potatoes, redundant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be remained in soil, soil hardening can be caused, the yield of the purple potatoes cultivated in the same land in the first year is high, but in the second year or the third year and later, because of the soil hardening, the yield, the meat quality and the size of the produced purple potatoes are not as good as those in the first year. Meanwhile, the hardened soil can affect the water retention capacity, fertilizer retention capacity and permeability of the soil, so that the high yield of the purple yam and other crops cannot be realized in the land. In addition, the excessive use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also increase the production cost of producers greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of purple yam rhizome, which can reduce the production cost, reduce the growth of weeds in fields, increase the soil loosening and obtain high-quality purple yam rhizome.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a cultivation method of purple yam rhizome, comprising the following steps: land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer and lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes and is used for later use after deep ploughing; seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The cut potato blocks are stuck with plant ash; seedling in a seedbed: placing the potato blocks stuck with plant ash on the seedlingWhen the potato seedlings are placed on a bed, one side of seed coats faces soil, 2-4 cm of soil is covered on the potato blocks, then a layer of straw is laid on the soil, an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks, a thin film is covered on the potato blocks, and transplanting is started after the potato blocks grow 1.5-2.5 cm of buds; ridging: turning soil of the deeply ploughed field, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25-35 cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2 m, the ridge distance is 1.4-1.6 m, digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge, and applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the ditch; transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field, planting at a plant spacing of 35-45 cm in double rows at a row spacing of 70-90 cm, spreading forage and watering after transplanting.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the cultivation method of the purple radix pseudostellariae provided by the invention has the advantages that all nutrient elements in the planting process of the purple radix pseudostellariae can be met only by adding a small amount of compound fertilizer during ridging by using the peanut cakes obtained after peanut oil extraction as organic fertilizers instead of common nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so that the cultivation technology is low in production cost.
And secondly, a proper amount of lime is added while peanut cakes are applied in land preparation and fertilization, the dosage of the lime is 50-100 kg/mu, and the proper amount of lime can not only adjust the pH value of soil, sterilize and disinfect, reduce soil diseases, but also supplement the calcium content of the soil. If the soil is strong in acidity, a little more, and weak in acidity, a little less is added in the range, otherwise, the method is applicable to the contrary.
The effect III is that a proper amount of forage is laid during transplanting, the forage can play a role in heat preservation of the germinated potato blocks, and meanwhile, the forage covers the ground surface, so that weeds can be effectively prevented from growing in the field; after the plants of the sprouting tuber potatoes grow up slowly, the forage is gradually rotten, the fertilizer of the soil can be increased after the forage is rotten, and the soil looseness can be increased due to the fiber structure of the forage, so that the tuber roots of the purple tuber potatoes grow larger and the yield is higher.
The effect is four: the cultivation method has the advantages that the planting distance and the row spacing are proper, the production of plants can be promoted, enough illumination is received, the photosynthesis in the plants is facilitated to carry out metabolism, and compared with planting methods with other spacing, the cultivation method is larger in root tuber, more regular in shape and higher in yield.
The effect is five: digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers can be applied to the ditch when the fertilizer is needed to be applied to provide base fertilizers for the growth of plants, and when the plants enter a rapid growth period, fertilizers can be applied to the ditch to topdress the plants, so that the fertilizers needed by the whole growth process of the plants are ensured; when the weather enters a drought period, shallow water can be injected into the gullies, the water can gradually permeate along the soil and be absorbed by plants, and the water can gradually permeate, so that the water can last for a long time, the plants are prevented from being affected by drought, the water in the plant growth process is further ensured, the drought resistance is not needed, and the growth cost is reduced.
The effect is six: the structure of the building frame enables the wind resistance of the purple yam rhizome plants to be enhanced, natural disasters can be reduced, the yield of the purple yam rhizome is improved, and economic benefits are improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the application provides a cultivation method of purple yam rhizome, which comprises the following steps: land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer and lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes and is used for later use after deep ploughing; seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The cut potato blocks are stuck with plant ash; seedling in a seedbed: placing the potato blocks stuck with the plant ash on a seedbed, wherein one side of seed coats faces soil when the potato blocks are placed, covering the potato blocks with 2-4 cm of soil, then paving a layer of straw on the soil, erecting an arch shed above the potato blocks, covering a thin film, and beginning to transplant after the potato blocks grow 1.5-2.5 cm of buds; ridging: turning soil of the deeply ploughed field, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25-35 cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2 m, the ridge distance is 1.4-1.6 m, digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge, and applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the ditch; transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks into the fieldAnd (4) planting in double rows with the row spacing of 35-45 cm, and spreading forage after transplanting, wherein the row spacing is 70-90 cm. The peanut cake after peanut oil extraction is applied is used as an organic fertilizer to replace a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and a small amount of compound fertilizer is used for ridging, so that the production cost of the cultivation technology is low, meanwhile, a proper amount of lime is added during land preparation fertilization, the prevention and the control of diseases in soil are facilitated, a proper amount of forage is laid during transplanting, the growing of the forage in the field can be effectively prevented except for the basic heat preservation function of the forage, the soil looseness can be increased after the forage is rotten, and the growth of the tuberous roots of the purple potatoes is facilitated to be larger and high in yield.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus, the amount of the base fertilizer is 500-700 jin/mu. The dosage can fully meet the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required in the plant growth process under the plant spacing, and can completely replace nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the above cultivation method of the purple potato, when the seedlings are grown in the seedbed, the potato pieces are covered with 3cm of soil, and the seedlings of the potato pieces begin to be transplanted after the buds of the potato pieces grow to 1 cm. And 3cm of soil is covered, so that the heat preservation is facilitated, the germination of the potato blocks is promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is highest after the buds of the potato blocks grow to 2 cm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the above cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus, the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5m during the ridge forming process. The ridge height, ridge width and ridge spacing provide support for proper plant spacing, facilitate plant metabolism and promote plant growth.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned method for cultivating a pachyrhizus angulatus is characterized in that the distance between plants is 40cm and the row spacing is 80cm at the time of transplanting.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the cultivation method of the pachyrhizus angulatus, the calcium content in the peanut cake is 0.15-0.3 wt%, and the phosphorus content in the peanut cake is 0.45-0.6 wt%. The contents of calcium and phosphorus in the peanut cake are sufficient to provide rich nutrition for plants.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the above-described cultivation method of pachyrhizus, water is injected into the trench for supplying water to the pachyrhizus when it comes to a dry weather in summer. Drought resistance can be realized only by one gully, and the cost of traditional drought resistance is reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the cultivation method of the pachyrhizus angulatus, the thin film is removed when the temperature is 18-28 ℃ in the daytime during seedling raising in a seedbed, and the thin film is covered when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ at night. The film is removed at a proper temperature, so that the plants can quickly grow under illumination, and when the temperature is too low, the film is covered, so that the heat preservation is convenient, and the seedlings of the plants are protected from being frostbitten.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus, the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93% in the process of seedling bed seedling culture. The proper humidity can effectively promote the growth of plants.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the cultivation method of the purple potatoes, the temperature in the daytime during transplanting is 20-25 ℃. The transplanting survival rate can be greatly increased, the cost is reduced, and the yield is improved by the proper transplanting temperature.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The present embodiment aims to provide a cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus.
The cultivation method of the purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: turning soil in the deep ploughed field, ridging, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the ridge width is about 1m, the ridge distance is about 1.5m, ditching is carried out on two sides of the ridge, weeds are applied, and soil is covered; digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge along the advancing direction of the ridge in the middle ten days of February in the lunar calendar, applying base fertilizer and a proper amount of lime inside, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes, the using amount of the peanut cakes is 600 jin/mu, and applying a small amount of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The purple yam rhizome is flat, so the purple yam rhizome is directly cut into several pieces, and the area of one surface of each piece of the potato is ensured to be about 30-50cm2The potato blocks obtained finally are similar to the common ones of the palm, the two sides of the potato blocks are provided with cuts, other parts comprise similar rectangular sections in the middle, the cut potato blocks are rolled in plant ash once,adhering plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: in mid-February of the lunar calendar, potato blocks stuck with plant ash are placed on a seedbed, one side of seed coats is kept upward when the potato blocks are placed, soil with the length of about 3cm is covered on the potato blocks, then a layer of thin straw is paved on the soil, then an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks by bamboo chips, a thin film is covered on the arch shed, and transplanting is started after the potato blocks grow buds with the length of about 1 cm;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks to two sides of the ridge where weeds are applied before, wherein the plant spacing is about 30cm, planting in double rows with the row spacing of about 60cm, and after transplanting, paving a proper amount of forage;
building a frame: after the potato seedlings grow out, wood piles are vertically inserted into the middle of the ridge at intervals, the wood piles are connected through cross rods (generally made of thick bamboos) to enable the cross rods to be parallel to the direction of the ridge, then a group of inclined rods are erected into a 'man' -shaped frame through the cross rods, a plurality of groups of inclined rods are arranged and used for climbing purple-foot potato plants, namely the vertical rods and the cross rods form a frame structure, the inclined rods are inserted into the middle of the potato seedlings and the potato seedlings to erect the 'man' -shaped frame through the frame structure, and the potato blocks positioned on two sides of the 'man' -shaped frame legs can climb upwards along the 'man' -shaped vines, so that the growth space of the purple-foot potato vines is increased, and the yield is convenient to increase;
harvesting of the purple potato: digging out the purple yam rhizome after the purple yam rhizome is ripe to obtain the purple yam rhizome.
Example 2
The present embodiment aims to provide a cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus.
The cultivation method of the purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: turning soil of the deep ploughed field in the beginning of the lunar calendar, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, the ridge distance is 1.5m, ditching is carried out on two sides of each ridge, weeds are applied, and soil is covered; digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge in February of the lunar calendar along the advancing direction of the ridge, applying a base fertilizer and a proper amount of lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes, the using amount of the peanut cakes is 600 jin/mu, the calcium content in the peanut cakes is 0.22-0.26 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.5-0.53 wt%, and the transplanting is carried out until the transplanting stage of the field;
seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The purple yam rhizome is flat, so the purple yam rhizome is directly cut into several pieces, and the area of one surface of each piece of the potato is ensured to be 30-50cm2The potato blocks are cut at two sides and other parts comprise similar rectangular sections at the middle part, and the cut potato blocks are rolled in plant ash once and are adhered with the plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: in mid-February of the lunar calendar, potato blocks stuck with plant ash are placed on a seedbed, one side of seed coats faces to soil when the potato blocks are placed, a layer of thin straw is paved on the soil after the potato blocks are covered with 3cm of soil, then an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks by bamboo chips, a thin film is covered, and transplanting is started after the potato blocks grow out of 2cm of buds; removing the film at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ in the daytime, removing the film at a proper temperature, facilitating the rapid growth of plants under illumination, covering the film at night when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and covering the film at a low temperature, so as to be convenient for heat preservation and protect plant seedlings from being frostbitten; in addition, the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93%, so that the growth of plants can be effectively promoted;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field (two sides of a ridge with weeds are applied before), wherein the temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃, the plant spacing is 40cm, the potato blocks are planted in double rows with the row spacing of 80cm, and after the potato blocks are transplanted, a proper amount of forage is laid and then watering is carried out; transplanting at a proper temperature can greatly increase the survival rate of transplanting, reduce the cost and improve the yield;
building a frame: after the potato seedlings grow out, vertical rods (timber piles) are vertically inserted into the middle of the ridge at intervals, the vertical rods (timber piles) are connected through cross rods (generally made of thick bamboos) to enable the cross rods to be parallel to the direction of the ridge, a group of inclined rods are erected into a 'human' -shaped frame by means of the cross rods, a plurality of groups of inclined rods are used for climbing purple-foot-shaped potato plants, namely the vertical rods and the cross rods form a frame structure, the 'human' -shaped frame is erected above the potato blocks by means of the frame structure, and the potato blocks located at the foot ends of the 'human' -shaped frame can climb upwards along the 'human' -shaped vines, so that the growth space of the purple-foot-shaped potato vines is increased, and the yield is convenient to increase;
harvesting of the purple potato: digging out the purple yam rhizome after the purple yam rhizome is ripe to obtain the purple yam rhizome.
Example 3
The present embodiment aims to provide a cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus.
The cultivation method of the purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: turning soil of the deep ploughed field in the beginning of the lunar calendar, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, the ridge distance is 1.5m, ditching is carried out on two sides of each ridge, weeds are applied, and soil is covered; digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge in February of the lunar calendar along the advancing direction of the ridge, applying a base fertilizer and a proper amount of lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes, the using amount of the peanut cakes is 500 jin/mu, the calcium content in the peanut cakes is 0.25-0.3 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.55-0.6 wt%, and the transplanting is carried out until the transplanting stage of the field;
seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The purple yam rhizome is flat, so the purple yam rhizome is directly cut into several pieces, and the area of one surface of each piece of the potato is ensured to be 30-50cm2The potato blocks are cut at two sides and other parts comprise similar rectangular sections at the middle part, and the cut potato blocks are rolled in plant ash once and are adhered with the plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: in mid-February of the lunar calendar, potato blocks stuck with plant ash are placed on a seedbed, one side of seed coats faces to soil when the potato blocks are placed, 2cm of soil is covered on the potato blocks, then a layer of thin straw is paved on the soil, then an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks by bamboo chips, a thin film is covered on the potato blocks, and transplanting is started after the potato blocks grow 1.5cm of buds; removing the film at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ in the daytime, removing the film at a proper temperature, facilitating the rapid growth of plants under illumination, covering the film at night when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and covering the film at a low temperature, so as to be convenient for heat preservation and protect plant seedlings from being frostbitten; in addition, the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93%, so that the growth of plants can be effectively promoted;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field (two sides of a ridge with weeds are applied before), wherein the temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃, the plant spacing is 35cm, the potato blocks are planted in double rows with the row spacing of 70cm, and after the potato blocks are transplanted, a proper amount of forage is laid and then watering is carried out; transplanting at a proper temperature can greatly increase the survival rate of transplanting, reduce the cost and improve the yield;
building a frame: after the potato seedlings grow out, vertical rods (timber piles) are vertically inserted into the middle of the ridge at intervals, the vertical rods (timber piles) are connected through cross rods (generally made of thick bamboos) to enable the cross rods to be parallel to the direction of the ridge, a group of inclined rods are erected into a 'human' -shaped frame by means of the cross rods, a plurality of groups of inclined rods are used for climbing purple-foot-shaped potato plants, namely the vertical rods and the cross rods form a frame structure, the 'human' -shaped frame is erected above the potato blocks by means of the frame structure, and the potato blocks located at the foot ends of the 'human' -shaped frame can climb upwards along the 'human' -shaped vines, so that the growth space of the purple-foot-shaped potato vines is increased, and the yield is convenient to increase;
harvesting of the purple potato: digging out the purple yam rhizome after the purple yam rhizome is ripe to obtain the purple yam rhizome.
Example 4
The present embodiment aims to provide a cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus.
The cultivation method of the purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: turning soil of the deep ploughed field in the beginning of the lunar calendar, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, the ridge distance is 1.5m, ditching is carried out on two sides of each ridge, weeds are applied, and soil is covered; digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge in February of the lunar calendar along the advancing direction of the ridge, applying a base fertilizer and a proper amount of lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes, the using amount of the peanut cakes is 700 jin/mu, the calcium content in the peanut cakes is 0.15-0.2 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.45-0.5 wt%, and the transplanting is carried out until the transplanting stage of the field;
seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The purple yam rhizome is flat, so the purple yam rhizome is directly cut into several pieces, and the area of one surface of each piece of the potato is ensured to be 30-50cm2The potato blocks are cut at two sides and other parts comprise similar rectangular sections at the middle part, and the cut potato blocks are rolled in plant ash once and are adhered with the plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: in mid-February of the lunar calendar, potato blocks stuck with plant ash are placed on a seedbed, one side of seed coats faces to soil when the potato blocks are placed, 3.5cm of soil is covered on the potato blocks, then a layer of thin straw is paved on the soil, then an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks by bamboo chips, a thin film is covered on the potato blocks, and transplanting is started after 2cm of buds grow out of the potato blocks; removing the film at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ in the daytime, removing the film at a proper temperature, facilitating the rapid growth of plants under illumination, covering the film at night when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and covering the film at a low temperature, so as to be convenient for heat preservation and protect plant seedlings from being frostbitten; in addition, the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93%, so that the growth of plants can be effectively promoted;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field (two sides of a ridge with weeds are applied before), wherein the temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃, the plant spacing is 45cm, the potato blocks are planted in double rows with the row spacing of 80cm, and after the potato blocks are transplanted, a proper amount of forage is laid and then watering is carried out; transplanting at a proper temperature can greatly increase the survival rate of transplanting, reduce the cost and improve the yield;
building a frame: after the potato seedlings grow out, vertical rods (timber piles) are vertically inserted into the middle of the ridge at intervals, the vertical rods (timber piles) are connected through cross rods (generally made of thick bamboos) to enable the cross rods to be parallel to the direction of the ridge, a group of inclined rods are erected into a 'human' -shaped frame by means of the cross rods, a plurality of groups of inclined rods are used for climbing purple-foot-shaped potato plants, namely the vertical rods and the cross rods form a frame structure, the 'human' -shaped frame is erected above the potato blocks by means of the frame structure, and the potato blocks located at the foot ends of the 'human' -shaped frame can climb upwards along the 'human' -shaped vines, so that the growth space of the purple-foot-shaped potato vines is increased, and the yield is convenient to increase;
harvesting of the purple potato: digging out the purple yam rhizome after the purple yam rhizome is ripe to obtain the purple yam rhizome.
Example 5
The present embodiment aims to provide a cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus.
The cultivation method of the purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: turning soil of the deep ploughed field in the beginning of the lunar calendar, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, the ridge distance is 1.5m, ditching is carried out on two sides of each ridge, weeds are applied, and soil is covered; digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge in February of the lunar calendar along the advancing direction of the ridge, applying a base fertilizer and a proper amount of lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes, the using amount of the peanut cakes is 650 jin/mu, the calcium content in the peanut cakes is 0.2-0.25 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.5-0.55 wt%, and the transplanting is carried out until the transplanting stage of the field;
seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The purple yam rhizome is flat, so the purple yam rhizome is directly cut into several pieces, and the area of one surface of each piece of the potato is ensured to be 30-50cm2The potato blocks are cut at two sides and other parts comprise similar rectangular sections at the middle part, and the cut potato blocks are rolled in plant ash once and are adhered with the plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: in mid-February of the lunar calendar, potato blocks stuck with plant ash are placed on a seedbed, one side of seed coats faces soil when the potato blocks are placed, 4cm of soil is covered on the potato blocks, then a layer of thin straw is paved on the soil, then an arch shed is erected above the potato blocks by bamboo chips, a thin film is covered on the potato blocks, and transplanting is started after 2.5cm of buds grow on the potato blocks; removing the film at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ in the daytime, removing the film at a proper temperature, facilitating the rapid growth of plants under illumination, covering the film at night when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and covering the film at a low temperature, so as to be convenient for heat preservation and protect plant seedlings from being frostbitten; in addition, the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93%, so that the growth of plants can be effectively promoted;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field (two sides of a ridge with weeds are applied before), wherein the temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃, the plant spacing is 45cm, the potato blocks are planted in double rows with the row spacing of 90cm, and after the potato blocks are transplanted, a proper amount of forage is laid and then watering is carried out; transplanting at a proper temperature can greatly increase the survival rate of transplanting, reduce the cost and improve the yield;
building a frame: after the potato seedlings grow out, vertical rods (timber piles) are vertically inserted into the middle of the ridge at intervals, the vertical rods (timber piles) are connected through cross rods (generally made of thick bamboos) to enable the cross rods to be parallel to the direction of the ridge, a group of inclined rods are erected into a 'human' -shaped frame by means of the cross rods, a plurality of groups of inclined rods are used for climbing purple-foot-shaped potato plants, namely the vertical rods and the cross rods form a frame structure, the 'human' -shaped frame is erected above the potato blocks by means of the frame structure, and the potato blocks located at the foot ends of the 'human' -shaped frame can climb upwards along the 'human' -shaped vines, so that the growth space of the purple-foot-shaped potato vines is increased, and the yield is convenient to increase;
harvesting of the purple potato: digging out the purple yam rhizome after the purple yam rhizome is ripe to obtain the purple yam rhizome.
On the whole, compared with the existing planting mode (planting steps, parameters and materials are all different from those of the method provided by the invention and are the same as those of most people at present), the method provided by the embodiments 1-5 of the invention greatly reduces the overall production cost, improves the yield of the obtained ipomoea batatas by 8.52%, 9.78%, 8.33%, 9.20% and 9.49%, and meanwhile, the shapes of the ipomoea batatas are more regular, and the average weight of the tuberous roots of the single ipomoea batatas is respectively increased by 11.27%, 12.56%, 10.99%, 12.25% and 13.14%.
In summary, the cultivation method of the purple yam provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that:
the peanut cake after peanut oil extraction is applied as an organic fertilizer to replace a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and a small amount of compound fertilizer is added during ridging, so that all nutrient elements in the purple-foot potato planting process can be met, and the production cost is reduced. Proper amount of lime is added while applying peanut cakes in land preparation and fertilization, so that the effects of adjusting the pH value of soil, sterilizing, reducing soil diseases and supplementing the calcium content of the soil can be achieved. When transplanting, a proper amount of forage is laid, the forage can play a role in preserving heat of the germinated potato pieces, and meanwhile, the forage covers the ground surface, so that weeds can be effectively prevented from growing in the field; after the vines of the germinated potato pieces grow slowly, the forage is gradually rotten, the fertilizer of the soil can be increased after the forage is rotten, and the soil looseness can be increased due to the fiber structure of the forage, so that the root tuber of the purple yam can grow larger and the yield is higher. The proper plant spacing and row spacing can promote the production of plants and receive enough light. A ditch is dug in the middle of the ridge, when fertilizer is added into the ditch, the ditch can become base fertilizer or additional fertilizer, fertilizer effect is slowly released, and water is added into the ditch to resist drought, so that drought resistance cost is reduced. On the whole, the cultivation method has the advantages of low cost, high yield and good economic benefit, and can not damage the soil structure.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of purple potato comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer and lime to the field, wherein the base fertilizer is peanut cakes and is used for later use after deep ploughing;
seed potato treatment: cutting seed potato into 30-50cm2The cut potato blocks are stuck with plant ash;
seedling in a seedbed: placing the potato blocks stuck with the plant ash on a seedbed, wherein one side of seed coats faces soil when the potato blocks are placed, covering the potato blocks with 2-4 cm of soil, then paving a layer of straw on the soil, erecting an arch shed above the potato blocks, covering a thin film, and beginning to transplant after the potato blocks grow 1.5-2.5 cm of buds;
ridging: turning soil of the deeply ploughed field, ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25-35 cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2 m, the ridge distance is 1.4-1.6 m, digging a ditch in the middle of the ridge, and applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the ditch;
transplanting: transplanting the germinated potato blocks on a field, planting at a plant spacing of 35-45 cm in double rows at a row spacing of 70-90 cm, spreading forage and watering after transplanting.
2. The cultivation method of pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer is 500-700 jin/mu.
3. The cultivation method of purple potato as claimed in claim 2, wherein 3cm of soil is covered on the potato pieces during seedling bed cultivation, and the transplanting is started after the sprouts of the potato pieces grow to 2 cm.
4. The cultivation method of purple potato as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the ridging process, the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 1m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5 m.
5. The method for cultivating Ipomoea batatas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distance between plants is 40cm and the row spacing is 80cm at the time of transplanting.
6. The cultivation method of Ipomoea batatas Lam as claimed in claim 5, wherein the peanut cake contains 0.15-0.3 wt% of calcium and 0.45-0.6 wt% of phosphorus.
7. The cultivation method of Ipomoea batatas Lam as claimed in claim 5, wherein water is injected into the furrows for supplying water to the Ipomoea batatas Lam when it comes to summer dry weather.
8. The cultivation method of radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae as claimed in claim 6, wherein the film is removed when the temperature is 18-28 deg.C in daytime and covered when the temperature is lower than 15 deg.C in night during seedling bed cultivation.
9. The cultivation method of radix berberidis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the humidity in the arched shed is 78-93% during the seedling bed cultivation process.
10. The cultivation method of Ipomoea batatas as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature during the day of transplanting is 20-25 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010774644.1A CN111837855A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010774644.1A CN111837855A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111837855A true CN111837855A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
Family
ID=72953573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010774644.1A Pending CN111837855A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111837855A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106211983A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato |
| CN108739174A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 吴莉 | A kind of High-quality Cultivation method of detoxification purple sweet potato |
| CN109937825A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-28 | 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of sole potato extremely early mature High-quality Cultivation method |
| CN110050657A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-26 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of efficient cultivation method of small-sized sweet potato |
-
2020
- 2020-08-04 CN CN202010774644.1A patent/CN111837855A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106211983A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato |
| CN108739174A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 吴莉 | A kind of High-quality Cultivation method of detoxification purple sweet potato |
| CN110050657A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-26 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of efficient cultivation method of small-sized sweet potato |
| CN109937825A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-28 | 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of sole potato extremely early mature High-quality Cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 湖南农业志编纂委员会: "《湖南农业志第1分册》", 31 December 1985, 湖南省农业厅 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101194584B (en) | Cultivation method for lemon | |
| CN104838936B (en) | Water-saving peach tree planting method | |
| CN107360937A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of grape | |
| CN107624525B (en) | Pineapple cold-avoiding cultivation method | |
| CN107567935A (en) | A kind of plantation technique of Kiwi berry | |
| CN106577139A (en) | Planting method of yellow peach trees | |
| CN106034715A (en) | Method for interplanting pitaya and guava | |
| CN106993453A (en) | A kind of kiwi fruit tree high yield cultivating method | |
| CN106561455A (en) | Konjak interplanting method | |
| CN106857168A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of longan | |
| CN107409712A (en) | Root of kudzu vine implantation methods | |
| CN107637433A (en) | A kind of cultivation technological method of seedless wampee | |
| CN105052652B (en) | A kind of pomegranate tree and the Hilly arid land cultural method of wild leek and application | |
| CN114009295A (en) | High-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic | |
| CN112154884A (en) | Method for interplanting konjak under walnut forest | |
| CN104641882A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting sugarcane with kale | |
| CN109168925B (en) | Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of guavas in saline-alkali soil | |
| CN106718576A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of apple tree | |
| CN105900654A (en) | Purple Chinese yam planting method suitable for Hunan area | |
| CN105123254A (en) | Multiple-cropping method of early-mature potato, celery and leafy vegetables in arched shed | |
| CN107926468A (en) | A kind of raspberry implantation methods | |
| CN109496702A (en) | A kind of walnut and safron interplanting method | |
| CN109845571B (en) | Planting method for intercropping kiwi fruits by using northern tea shed | |
| CN111837855A (en) | Cultivation method of purple yam rhizome | |
| CN107148882A (en) | A kind of cultural method of cumquat new varieties |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20201030 |