CN111837779A - Ligustrum lucidum breeding method with high cadmium enrichment - Google Patents

Ligustrum lucidum breeding method with high cadmium enrichment Download PDF

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CN111837779A
CN111837779A CN202010710955.1A CN202010710955A CN111837779A CN 111837779 A CN111837779 A CN 111837779A CN 202010710955 A CN202010710955 A CN 202010710955A CN 111837779 A CN111837779 A CN 111837779A
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ligustrum lucidum
seedlings
privet
enrichment
cadmium
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童方平
李贵
刘振华
陈瑞
吴敏
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Hunan Academy of Forestry
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

A method for breeding ligustrum lucidum with high cadmium enrichment comprises the following steps: randomly selecting a plurality of stem and leaf samples from ligustrum lucidum growing in the cadmium-polluted soil, and determining the enrichment amount of cadmium in the samples; respectively collecting the seeds of the ligustrum lucidum corresponding to the sample with relatively large cadmium enrichment amount, wherein the seeds of the same ligustrum lucidum are divided into a group; respectively growing seedlings of the seeds of each group of the privet trees to obtain a plurality of groups of the privet seedlings; and respectively selecting test ligustrum lucidum seedlings from each group of ligustrum lucidum seedlings, planting the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings in a cadmium-polluted area, measuring the cadmium content in root, stem and leaf organs of the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings after the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings grow for 3-5 years, and selecting the variety corresponding to the test ligustrum lucidum seedling with the largest average cadmium enrichment in the root, stem and leaf organs as the ligustrum lucidum variety with high cadmium enrichment. The ecological restoration of the vegetation in the Cd-polluted soil can be well realized only by fixedly collecting seeds on a single plant of the bred variety and breeding the seeds and planting the bred nursery stock in the Cd-polluted mining area every year, and the method has important significance for the restoration of the soil in the Cd-polluted area.

Description

Ligustrum lucidum breeding method with high cadmium enrichment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a cultivation method of plant varieties, and particularly relates to a privet breeding method with high enrichment of heavy metal Cd.
Background
Ligustrum lucidum (with the scientific name: Ligustrum compact (wall. ex G. don) hook. f.) is a plant of Ligustrum genus of Oleaceae family, small arbor, as high as 12 m; the bark is grey brown; branches are yellow brown, brown or gray, cylindrical and sparse round skin pores; the leaves are made of paper, and are in the shape of a needle, an oval or a long oval, and the leaves on the flowering branches are sometimes in the shape of a narrow ellipse or an oval; the panicle is loose, terminal or axillary; the inflorescence peduncle is 0-3 cm long; the inflorescence shaft and the branch shaft are provided with edges. Oval or nearly spherical fruits, normal curvy, bluish black or black; the length of the fruit stalks is 0-6 mm; the flowering period is 3-7 months, and the fruit period is 8-12 months.
The ligustrum lucidum has strong resistance to soil heavy metal pollution and atmospheric pollution, and can be used as a plant material for ecologically restoring heavy metal polluted areas. However, the ligustrum lucidum has a limited effect of enriching the heavy metal in the soil, and the improvement of the effect of ligustrum lucidum on enriching the heavy metal in the soil is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background art and provide a method for cultivating ligustrum lucidum with high Cd enrichment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding ligustrum lucidum with high cadmium enrichment amount comprises the following steps:
(1) Randomly collecting and selecting a plurality of stem and leaf samples from the glossy privet trees growing on the cadmium-polluted soil, and measuring the enrichment amount of cadmium in the samples;
(2) respectively collecting the seeds of the ligustrum lucidum corresponding to the sample with relatively large cadmium enrichment amount, wherein the seeds of the same ligustrum lucidum are divided into a group;
(3) respectively growing seedlings of the seeds of each group of the privet trees to obtain a plurality of groups of the privet seedlings;
(4) and respectively selecting test ligustrum lucidum seedlings from each group of ligustrum lucidum seedlings, planting the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings in a cadmium-polluted area, measuring the cadmium content in root, stem and leaf organs of the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings after the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings grow for 3-5 years, and selecting the variety corresponding to the test ligustrum lucidum seedling group with the largest average cadmium enrichment in the root, stem and leaf organs as the ligustrum lucidum variety with high cadmium enrichment.
In the above-described method for selecting and breeding glossy privet, preferably, in step (1), the glossy privet tree is a glossy privet tree of at least 3 years old, and more preferably, glossy privet of 5 years old.
In the above method for selecting ligustrum lucidum, preferably, in the step (2), at least 30 ligustrum lucidum plants are selected from the sample with relatively large cadmium enrichment amount.
In the above method for selecting and breeding glossy privet, preferably, in the step (2), the number of the collected tree species of each glossy privet tree is 1-5 kg.
In the above method for selecting ligustrum lucidum, preferably, in step (4), the test ligustrum lucidum seedling is selected as a 1-year-old grade I seedling.
Preferably, the method for selecting and breeding the ligustrum lucidum, which is selected in the step (4), collects tree species from the ligustrum lucidum variety trees with high cadmium enrichment, and seedlings are grown to obtain the stable and genetic ligustrum lucidum seedlings with high Cd enrichment.
In the above method for breeding ligustrum lucidum, preferably, in the step (2), the collected seeds are stacked and stored by wet sand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the method, the seeds of the ligustrum lucidum trees with the large Cd enrichment in stem and leaf organs are selected in the heavy metal Cd-polluted area for seedling cultivation, the filial generation seedlings of the ligustrum lucidum trees are planted in the Cd-polluted area, the ligustrum lucidum excellent genotype group with the high Cd enrichment is selected, the inheritance and stability of the gene are evaluated through genetic determination, the ecological restoration of the Cd-polluted soil vegetation can be well realized only by fixedly collecting the seeds on the selected excellent genotype single plant and reproducing the seeds, and the reproduced seedlings are planted in the Cd-polluted mining area, so that the important significance is realized on the restoration of the soil in the Cd-polluted area.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
560 ligustrum lucidum trees are selected from a 5-year-old restoration test forest in a cold water river antimony mining area in 10 months in 2014, the contents of Sb, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn in each tissue are measured by collecting 100g of samples of leaves, stems/branches, roots and the like, and 32 plants (shown in table 1) with higher Cd contents in the leaves, the stems (branches) are selected As excellent varieties.
Collecting seeds of 32 selected Ligustrum lucidum varieties in 11 months in the year, collecting seeds of 2kg per tree, alternatively selecting 8-year Ligustrum lucidum trees near the local residence as seeds of 2.0kg (control), kneading, washing with water to remove episperm, and storing with wet sand in 3 months in the next year.
Seeding and seedling growing in Liuyang city in Hunan in 3 late months in 2015: removing weeds in a seedling raising field, then applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer and 300kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu (uniformly spreading on a seedling raising bed surface), deeply turning flat bed ridges, ditching and drilling glossy privet seeds, covering a mulching film on the bed surface after covering soil, removing the mulching film when the germination rate of the seeds reaches 60%, thinning the dense seedlings after the seeds completely germinate until the period reaches 5 months, removing the weeds in the period, managing to 11 months, and obtaining about 26000 glossy privet seedlings with 32 groups and controls in total.
In 12-2016 and 2-2016, a Longhusan community (the content of Cd in soil is 1.562mg/kg), a Ningshan city water gap mountain town Xinhuacun (the content of Cd in soil is 2.167mg/kg) and a village in Huayuan county junken (the content of Cd in soil is 1.358mg/kg) are selected as privet planting bases, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 2.5m multiplied by 2.5m, the land preparation specification is 60cm multiplied by 50cm, 150I-level seedlings are selected from each group of the planting bases to be planted, and the group is designed randomly, 8-9 small districts and arranged repeatedly for 6 times. And the tending management work such as hole expanding, weeding and the like is carried out in 5 months and 9 months every year.
And in 11 months in 2018, carrying out growth investigation on the tribasic test forest plant by plant, collecting root, stem (growth cone sampling)/branch, leaf and soil samples, determining the content of Cd in each tissue and soil, calculating the average content of Cd in each group of glossy privet trees, determining the biomass of the plant with the maximum Cd enrichment and a control plant, and calculating the enrichment coefficient and the transport coefficient. The Cd enrichment of leaves, stems (branches) and roots of cold water Jiang, Chang and Huayuan is shown in tables 1-3.
Table 1: cold Water river each group glossy privet leaf stem root Cd enrichment scale
Group number ck 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Leaf of Chinese character 4.042 4.186 4.327 4.307 4.52 4.682 4.255 4.289 4.382 4.593 4.725
Stem (branch) 2.169 2.279 2.361 2.358 2.36 2.471 2.296 2.317 2.301 2.486 2.513
Root of herbaceous plant 0.426 0.433 0.439 0.436 0.45 0.456 0.436 0.439 0.432 0.447 0.475
Group number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Leaf of Chinese character 4.463 3.917 4.535 4.276 4.284 4.681 4.813 4.156 4.85 4.627 4.73
Stem (branch) 2.411 2.016 2.349 2.314 2.307 2.516 2.497 2.294 2.56 2.438 2.46
Root of herbaceous plant 0.438 0.408 0.431 0.439 0.433 0.487 0.492 0.429 0.51 0.441 0.45
Group number 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Leaf of Chinese character 4.183 4.385 4.428 4.46 4.655 4.173 4.385 4.657 4.388 4.463 4.523
Stem (branch) 2.145 2.433 2.406 2.449 2.417 2.265 2.277 2.422 2.327 2.397 2.408
Table 2: cd enrichment scale of glossy privet leaf and stem root in each group of Changning base
Figure BDA0002596524810000031
Figure BDA0002596524810000041
Table 3: cd enrichment scale of glossy privet leaf stem roots of each group of Huayuan base
Group number ck 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Leaf of Chinese character 3.992 4.072 4.096 4.274 4.541 4.137 4.189 4.326 4.504 4.435 4.078
Stem (branch) 1.85 1.854 1.902 1.937 1.986 1.908 1.905 1.946 1.943 1.935 1.862
Root of herbaceous plant 0.371 0.379 0.382 0.396 0.422 0.388 0.391 0.406 0.419 0.407 0.385
Group number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Leaf of Chinese character 4.318 3.872 4.264 4.287 4.392 4.183 4.096 4.465 4.676 4.171 4.367
Stem (branch) 1.952 1.837 1.944 1.951 1.963 1.911 1.909 1.976 2.154 1.913 1.952
Root of herbaceous plant 0.397 0.373 0.399 0.397 0.406 0.392 0.387 0.413 0.438 0.386 0.401
Group number 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Leaf of Chinese character 4.285 4.524 4.361 4.065 4.197 4.528 4.436 4.178 4.295 4.237 4.336
Stem (branch) 1.938 1.987 1.918 1.893 1.927 2.036 1.983 1.924 1.931 1.926 1.985
Root of herbaceous plant 0.391 0.418 0.396 0.392 0.397 0.407 0.401 0.394 0.411 0.399 0.405
According to the result analysis of the table 1, the heavy metal enrichment of each group of leaves, stems (branches) and roots at the cold rivers test point has obvious difference, wherein the enrichment of heavy metal Cd of the leaves, stems (branches) and roots of the 19 # privet group is the maximum, the enrichment of Cd of the leaves is 1.8 times of the standard deviation of the average value, the enrichment of Cd of the stems (branches) is 1.7 times of the standard deviation of the average value, and the enrichment of Cd of the roots is 2.9 times of the standard deviation of the average value; the leaf part is 19.99 percent higher than the reference content, the stem (branch) is 18.03 percent higher than the reference content, and the root part is 19.72 percent higher than the reference content. According to the forest breeding program, the 19 # ligustrum lucidum is considered as a Cd high-enrichment variety, the Cd enrichment coefficient is 56.5, the transport coefficient is 130.6, the comparison Cd enrichment coefficient is 35.3, and the transport coefficient is 87.2.
According to the result analysis of table 2, the heavy metal enrichment of each group of leaves, stems (branches) and roots at the penning test point has obvious difference, wherein the enrichment of heavy metal Cd of the leaves, stems (branches) and roots of the 19 # privet group is the maximum, the enrichment of Cd of the leaves is 2.2 times of the standard deviation of the average value, the enrichment of Cd of the stems (branches) is 1.5 times of the standard deviation of the average value, and the enrichment of Cd of the roots is 0.7 times of the standard deviation of the average value; the leaf part is 21.14 percent higher than the reference content, the stem (branch) is 17.99 percent higher than the reference content, and the root part is 17.32 percent higher than the reference content. According to the forest breeding program, the 19 # ligustrum lucidum is considered as a Cd high-enrichment variety, the Cd enrichment coefficient is 58.3, the transport coefficient is 132.8, the contrast Cd enrichment coefficient is 36.8, and the transport coefficient is 89.4.
According to the analysis of the results in table 3, the heavy metal amounts enriched in each group of leaves, stems (branches) and roots at the chlamydia test point are significantly different, wherein the enrichment of heavy metal Cd in the leaves, stems (branches) and roots of No. 19 glossy privet group is the maximum, the enrichment of Cd in the leaves is 2.2 times of the standard deviation of the average value, the enrichment of Cd in the stems (branches) is 3.7 times of the standard deviation of the average value, and the enrichment of Cd in the roots is 2.8 times of the standard deviation of the average value; the leaf part is 17.1 percent higher than the reference content, the stem (branch) is 16.4 percent higher than the reference content, and the root part is 18.1 percent higher than the reference content. According to the forest breeding program, the 19 # ligustrum lucidum is considered as a Cd high-enrichment variety, the Cd enrichment coefficient is 55.6, the transport coefficient is 129.7, the control Cd enrichment coefficient is 34.2, and the transport coefficient is 85.8.
Variance analysis is carried out on leaf parts, stem (branch) parts, root Cd enrichment, enrichment coefficients and transport coefficients of the No. 19 glossy privet in the cold water river, the Hening and the Huayuan tribase, and results show that the leaf parts, stem (branch) parts and root Cd enrichment are very obviously different due to the difference of the content of heavy metal Cd in soil, the Cd enrichment coefficients and the transport coefficients are not obviously different, and the result shows that the Cd enrichment characteristic of the No. 19 glossy privet does not change along with the change of the content of Cd in the soil and has certain genetic stability. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of fixedly collecting the seeds of the ligustrum lucidum with high Cd enrichment every year, breeding nursery stocks and planting the nursery stocks in Cd-polluted mining areas, and can well realize the vegetation ecological restoration of Cd-polluted soil.

Claims (7)

1. A method for breeding glossy privet with high cadmium enrichment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) randomly selecting a plurality of stem and leaf samples from ligustrum lucidum growing in the cadmium-polluted soil, and determining the enrichment amount of cadmium in the samples;
(2) respectively collecting the seeds of the ligustrum lucidum corresponding to the sample with relatively large cadmium enrichment amount, wherein the seeds of the same ligustrum lucidum are divided into a group;
(3) respectively growing seedlings of the seeds of each group of the privet trees to obtain a plurality of groups of the privet seedlings;
(4) and respectively selecting test ligustrum lucidum seedlings from each group of ligustrum lucidum seedlings, planting the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings in a cadmium-polluted area, measuring the cadmium content in root, stem and leaf organs of the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings after the test ligustrum lucidum seedlings grow for 3-5 years, and selecting the variety corresponding to the test ligustrum lucidum seedling group with the largest average cadmium enrichment in the root, stem and leaf organs as the ligustrum lucidum variety with high cadmium enrichment.
2. The privet breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the privet tree is at least a 3-year-old privet tree.
3. The privet breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), at least 30 ligustrum lucidum plants are selected from the sample with relatively high cadmium enrichment.
4. The privet breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 1-5kg of seeds are collected from each privet tree.
5. The privet breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the 1-year-old class I seedlings are selected as the test privet seedlings.
6. The privet breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises collecting the seeds from the high-Cd-enrichment variety of the privet selected in step (4), and culturing the collected seeds to obtain stably inherited high-Cd-enrichment glossy privet seedlings.
7. The privet breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (2), the collected seeds are layered and stored with wet sand.
CN202010710955.1A 2020-07-22 2020-07-22 Ligustrum lucidum breeding method with high cadmium enrichment Pending CN111837779A (en)

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Application publication date: 20201030