CN111822856A - Ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding device and method for T-shaped joint - Google Patents
Ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding device and method for T-shaped joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN111822856A CN111822856A CN202010526887.3A CN202010526887A CN111822856A CN 111822856 A CN111822856 A CN 111822856A CN 202010526887 A CN202010526887 A CN 202010526887A CN 111822856 A CN111822856 A CN 111822856A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding device and method for a T-shaped joint. The invention mainly comprises a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding wire filling system, an ultrasonic vibration system and a wire feeding system, and is characterized in that ultrasonic vibration is introduced by using a welding wire in combination with the characteristics of a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding T-shaped joint structure device, and meanwhile, a two-dimensional ultrasonic coupling system is added to enable molten drop transition to be more stable and controllable. The invention can improve the air hole problem existing in the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint and enhance the molten drop transition stability in the welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy laser wire filling welding, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device and method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding of a T-shaped joint.
Background
With the rapid development of scientific technology and industrial economy in recent years, the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy laser welding structure has higher specific strength, specific stiffness, thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the lightweight manufacture of large thin-wall complex structures in the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. As an ideal aerospace material with increasing demand, a welding connection technology of aluminum lithium alloy has also become one of the research hotspots.
The laser welding beam has extremely high energy density, and has the advantages of small energy of a heat input line, high welding speed, small welding deformation and the like in the welding process, so that the permanent connection process has high connection reliability and strong adaptability, and the welding process is easy to be flexible, integrated and automated. The laser filler wire welding is based on the traditional laser welding technology, the sensitivity of a welding piece processing assembly gap is reduced through filler wire, beneficial elements are added to a welding line through the filler wire to control alloy components in a welding line area, and therefore the defects of welding line air holes, undercut and the like are reduced. For the high-strength aluminum alloy T-shaped joint structure in the fields of aviation and aerospace, due to the complexity of the structure and the requirement of overall precision, the traditional laser filler wire welding is difficult to achieve the aim of shape control and controllability, and the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous filler wire welding workpiece has small deformation, good welding seam quality and high welding efficiency, so that the high-strength aluminum alloy T-shaped joint structure is a novel high-efficiency connecting method for connecting the large-scale thin-wall T-shaped structural members in the aviation and aerospace field.
When the aluminum alloy is subjected to laser welding, the welding performance of the high-strength aluminum alloy is poor, the high reflection and the low viscosity of laser energy enable the laser welding process of the aluminum alloy to be unstable, and the defects of welding air holes, undercut and the like easily occur on a welding joint, so that the practical application requirements in the field of aerospace are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint, the invention provides a device and a method for assisting laser welding by introducing ultrasonic vibration, and controls and improves the welding process and the welding quality by utilizing the cavitation and acoustic flow effect of the ultrasonic vibration so as to achieve the aims of improving the crystallization behavior of a molten pool, refining grains and improving the stability of the welding process.
The invention achieves the technical purpose through the following technical means and methods.
An ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding device for a T-shaped joint comprises a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding system, a wire feeding system and an ultrasonic vibration system. The double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding system comprises two lasers, a shielding gas device, a six-axis welding robot and a clamp; the wire feeding system comprises a wire reel, a wire feeding roller, a motor, a speed reducer and a wire feeding nozzle; the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a fixing device.
The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration device is formed by coupling transverse ultrasonic waves and longitudinal ultrasonic waves, and the normal direction of the plane where the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration device is located is parallel to the welding wire.
Preferably, the transverse ultrasonic wave is parallel to the welding direction, and the longitudinal ultrasonic wave is at an angle of 90 ° to the transverse ultrasonic wave.
An ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire filling welding method for a T-shaped joint comprises the following steps:
step one, a power supply is output to an ultrasonic generator, an electric signal is converted into mechanical vibration by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of an ultrasonic transducer, and then ultrasonic energy is concentrated through an amplitude transformer to change the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration;
connecting two ultrasonic amplitude transformers which are vertical to each other at an angle of 90 degrees with a wire feeding nozzle, enabling the two amplitude transformers and the wire feeding nozzle to be vertical to each other in pairs, and enabling the amplitude transformers to transmit vibration to a welding wire through the wire feeding nozzle;
adjusting ultrasonic parameters of a transverse ultrasonic system and a longitudinal ultrasonic system, and controlling the transition frequency of molten drops to enable the welding wire filling process to be more stable;
turning on an ultrasonic vibration power supply, transmitting ultrasonic vibration to the welding wire, and turning on a laser welding power supply to perform laser wire filling welding after the vibration is stably transmitted;
in the welding process, the ultrasonic vibration system is always kept in good contact with the wire feeding nozzle and the welding wire, so that the welding wire is subjected to continuous and stable ultrasonic vibration in the whole process;
and step six, turning off the laser power supply at first and then turning off the power supply of the ultrasonic sounder after welding is finished.
The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration can not only realize simple longitudinal and transverse motion, but also be coupled into circular and elliptical rotary vibration, thereby increasing the transition stability of filler wire laser welding molten drops and reducing the defects of welding air holes.
The invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the ultrasonic vibration is introduced through the welding wire, the limitation that a T-shaped joint structure is complex and the requirement on workpiece assembly is high is broken, the ultrasonic vibration is introduced under the condition that the original device for welding the T-shaped joint by double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling is basically not changed, the implementation is convenient, and the operation is simple.
And secondly, two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is introduced, ultrasonic vibration and high-speed mechanical impact are utilized to promote the molten drop to be separated from the bottom end of the welding wire, the shape of the molten drop during transition and the impact force and direction of the molten drop on a molten pool during transition to the molten pool are effectively controlled, and the phenomenon of instability of a laser keyhole caused by wire filling is improved.
Thirdly, the invention utilizes the acoustic flow effect and the cavitation effect of the ultrasound and the accessory effect thereof to improve the crystallization behavior of the molten pool, change the nucleation and the grain growth process of the liquid molten pool metal, improve the internal structure and the mechanical property of the material, and achieve the defects of grain refinement, weld porosity reduction, local softening and the like.
Fourthly, the invention can select the optimal ultrasonic wave parameter from different welding parameters and welding materials by changing the transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic power, frequency and amplitude and the acoustic wave phase difference of the two in the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system, thereby controlling the molten drop transition frequency and enabling the molten drop transition to be more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding of a T-shaped joint;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling welding device for a T-shaped joint;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of ultrasonic vibration coupling;
in the figure: 1-transverse ultrasonic wave, 2-longitudinal ultrasonic wave, 3-welding seam, 4-roller of a feeder, 5-welding wire, 6-wire reel, 7-wire feeding nozzle, 8-protective gas nozzle, 9-laser, 10-skin, 11-stringer, 12-ultrasonic generator, 101-transverse ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 102-transverse ultrasonic transducer, 201-longitudinal ultrasonic generator and 202-longitudinal ultrasonic amplitude transformer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in figure 1, a protective gas device (8), a laser head (9), a wire feeding nozzle (7) and ultrasonic impact equipment are respectively clamped by mechanical arms at the left side and the right side of a stringer (11), a test material of the stringer is a 2099 aluminum lithium alloy thin plate with the thickness of 2mm, a material of a skin is a 2060 aluminum lithium alloy thin plate with the thickness of 2mm, a welding wire is a 4047 aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and a front wire feeding mode is adopted in the welding process. The welding parameters of the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint are as follows: the laser power is 5-10 kW, the welding speed is 3-10 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 2.0-10.0 m/min, the wire feeding angle is 23 degrees, and the protective gas adopts high-purity argon with the gas flow of 15L/min. The transverse ultrasonic waves in the two-dimensional ultrasonic waves are fixed on the machine feeding nozzle in parallel with the welding direction, and the transverse ultrasonic waves (1) and the longitudinal ultrasonic waves (2) form an included angle of 90 degrees in the same plane. The ultrasonic power is 0.5-2.0 kW, the frequency is 20-50 kHz, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude after passing through the amplitude transformer is 20-100 mu m, and the fluctuation phase difference of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave and the transverse ultrasonic wave is theta (theta is more than or equal to 0 and less than pi).
The ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding method for the T-shaped joint comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) assembling a workpiece and welding equipment according to the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device shown in the figure 2, and respectively fixing the ultrasonic vibration equipment on wire feeding mouths on the left side and the right side to ensure that the positions of the ultrasonic vibration device and the wire feeding mouths are relatively fixed in the welding process;
(2) setting welding related parameters and ultrasonic vibration parameters according to a previous test or related documents;
(3) turning on an ultrasonic power supply, converting an electric signal into mechanical vibration according to an ultrasonic wave generation principle shown in fig. 1, increasing ultrasonic amplitude and concentrating ultrasonic energy through an amplitude transformer, coupling transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic waves through a wire feeding nozzle, and transmitting the ultrasonic waves by using contact between the wire feeding nozzle and a welding wire;
(4) the laser welding power supply is started, the welding wire is melted under the action of a laser heat source, the ultrasonic vibration controls the frequency and the size of the molten drop separated from the bottom end of the welding wire, meanwhile, the separated molten drop transmits ultrasonic waves on the welding wire to a molten pool, the molten pool improves crystallization behavior under the cavitation action and the sound flow action of the ultrasonic waves, crystal grains are refined, and the welding porosity is reduced;
(5) in order to ensure that the molten drop is stably transited and the molten pool is always subjected to ultrasonic vibration in the whole welding process, the welding power supply is firstly turned off and then the ultrasonic power supply is turned off when the welding is finished.
The invention combines the joint structure and the equipment device of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint, utilizes the original wire-filling device to introduce two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration to assist laser welding, achieves the purposes of improving the joint structure, refining crystal grains and reducing the welding porosity, and simultaneously improves the stability of the welding process of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling T-shaped joint by changing the impact force of molten drops on a molten pool and a keyhole through accelerating the separation of the molten drops from the bottom end of a welding wire.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the invention, and are not limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may change the embodiments and applications of the present invention according to the spirit of the present invention, and the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding device for the T-shaped joint is characterized by comprising a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding system, a wire feeding system and an ultrasonic vibration system.
2. The ultrasonic vibration assisting device for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint according to claim 1, wherein the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling welding system comprises two lasers, a shielding gas device, a six-axis robot and a clamp; the wire feeding system comprises a wire reel, a wire feeding roller, a motor, a speed reducer and a wire feeding nozzle; the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a fixing device.
3. The ultrasonic vibration assisting device for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device is fixed on the wire feeding nozzle by a mechanical arm, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration device is formed by coupling transverse ultrasonic waves and longitudinal ultrasonic waves, the normal direction of the plane of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration device is parallel to the welding wire, the transverse ultrasonic waves are parallel to the welding direction, and the longitudinal ultrasonic waves and the transverse ultrasonic waves form an angle of 90 degrees.
4. An ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding method for a T-shaped joint is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the power supply is output to the ultrasonic generator, the piezoelectric effect of the ultrasonic transducer is utilized to convert the electric signal into mechanical vibration, and then the ultrasonic energy is concentrated through the amplitude transformer to change the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration;
(2) connecting two ultrasonic amplitude transformers which are vertical to each other with a wire feeding nozzle at an angle of 90 degrees, enabling the two amplitude transformers and the wire feeding nozzle to be vertical to each other in pairs, and enabling the amplitude transformers to transmit vibration to a welding wire through the wire feeding nozzle;
(3) adjusting ultrasonic parameters of a transverse ultrasonic system and a longitudinal ultrasonic system, and controlling the transition frequency of molten drops to enable the welding wire filling process to be more stable;
(4) turning on an ultrasonic vibration power supply, transmitting ultrasonic vibration to the welding wire, and turning on a laser welding power supply to perform laser wire filling welding after the vibration is stably transmitted;
(5) in the welding process, the ultrasonic vibration system is always kept in good contact with the wire feeding nozzle and the welding wire, so that the welding wire is subjected to continuous and stable ultrasonic vibration in the whole process;
(6) and when welding is finished, the laser power supply is firstly turned off, and then the power supply of the ultrasonic sounder is turned off.
5. The ultrasonic vibration method for the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire-filling welding T-shaped joint according to claim 4, wherein the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration can not only realize simple longitudinal and transverse movement, but also be coupled into circular and elliptical rotary vibration, so that the transition stability of wire-filling laser welding molten drops is improved, and the defects of air holes are reduced.
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| CN202010526887.3A CN111822856A (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous wire filling welding device and method for T-shaped joint |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113275748A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | On-orbit laser repair equipment and method based on ultrasonic auxiliary wire feeding |
| CN113634763A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Coaxial wire feeding laser additive manufacturing method combined with ultrasonic impact |
| CN114107983A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-03-01 | 宁波镭速激光科技有限公司 | Wire laser cladding layer quality improving device and improving method |
| CN114713852A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-08 | 余炘 | Grain refining device in metal fuse additive manufacturing |
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