CN111771043B - 凸轮轴调节装置 - Google Patents

凸轮轴调节装置 Download PDF

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CN111771043B
CN111771043B CN201980015609.7A CN201980015609A CN111771043B CN 111771043 B CN111771043 B CN 111771043B CN 201980015609 A CN201980015609 A CN 201980015609A CN 111771043 B CN111771043 B CN 111771043B
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camshaft
oil
adjuster
actuator
adjusting device
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CN111771043A (zh
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阿里·巴***达尔
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
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    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
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    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
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    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
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  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其具有干式皮带、布置在凸轮轴调节器(2)内的中心阀(4)和作用在所述中心阀(4)上的致动器(5)，其中由所述凸轮轴调节器(2)和所述致动器(5)或支撑所述致动器(5)的部件(6)形成油密湿式空间(7)，并且可以借助于油路(8)排空存在于所述湿式空间中的油。所述油路(8)的一部分轴向延伸穿过所述凸轮轴调节器(2)的所述输出元件(9)，并且所述油路(8)可以通过输出元件(9)与凸轮轴(3)之间的端侧接触面(10)，通向所述凸轮轴(3)的轴向孔(11)，所述轴向孔与所述凸轮轴调节装置(1)的旋转轴线(12)径向隔开，所述轴向孔(11)在形成于所述凸轮轴(3)的外表面(13)上的进油连接件(14)的下方延伸，以用于将油馈送至所述中心阀(4)。

Description

凸轮轴调节装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种凸轮轴调节装置。
背景技术
在内燃机中使用凸轮轴调节器来更改燃烧室阀的控制时间，从而能够在最大提前位置与最大滞后位置之间在所限定的角范围内可变地设计曲轴与凸轮轴之间的相位关系。根据当前负载和转速调节控制时间可以减少消耗和排放。为此，将凸轮轴调节器整合到传动系中，经由该传动系将扭矩从曲轴传输到凸轮轴。该传动系可设计为例如带传动、链传动或齿轮传动。
在液压凸轮轴调节器的情况下，输出元件和传动元件形成一对或多对压力室，这些压力室彼此作用并且可受到液压介质作用。传动元件和输出元件同轴地布置。各压力室的填充和排空在传动元件与输出元件之间产生相对运动。在传动元件与输出元件之间旋转地作用的弹簧沿相对于输出元件的有利方向推动传动元件。该有利方向可与旋转方向相同或相反。
一种类型的液压凸轮轴调节器为叶片式调节器。该叶片式调节器具有定子、转子和具有外齿的传动轮。转子通常设计成输出元件，使得其可以旋转固定的方式连接到凸轮轴。传动元件包括定子和传动轮。定子和传动轮以旋转固定的方式彼此连接或者另选地彼此一体地形成。转子与定子同轴地布置并且布置在定子内部。转子和定子(它们具有径向延伸的叶片)形成相反作用的油室，油室可受油压作用并实现定子与转子之间的相对旋转。叶片或者与转子或定子一体地形成，或者作为“***的叶片”布置在为此目的而在转子或定子中设置的凹槽中。叶片式调节器还具有各种密封盖。定子和密封盖使用若干个螺钉连接件固定在一起。
另一种类型的液压凸轮轴调节器为轴向活塞调节器。在此，位移元件经由油压轴向地移位，该移位经由斜齿轮在传动元件与输出元件之间产生相对旋转。
凸轮轴调节器的另一种设计是机电凸轮轴调节器，其具有三轴齿轮(例如，行星齿轮或轴传动)。轴中的一个形成传动元件，而第二轴形成输出元件。可以经由第三轴借助于致动装置(例如，电动马达或制动器)将旋转能量提供给***，或者可以从***中去除旋转能量以发起调节。还可以布置弹簧，该弹簧支撑或返回传动元件与输出元件之间的相对旋转。
凸轮轴调节装置具有凸轮轴调节机构，该凸轮轴调节机构可使凸轮轴与曲轴之间的相对角位置适应内燃机的工作模式，该内燃机紧固到凸轮轴并与其大体同轴地布置。
DE 10 2013 212 935 A1示出了干式带传动的凸轮轴调节装置，该凸轮轴调节装置在凸轮轴调节器的面向凸轮轴的一侧和面向致动器的一侧均具有呈径向轴密封环形式的密封件。具体地，在致动器侧的油室中，可以收集工作油或泄漏油，必须将它们从油室中去除。为此，DE 10 2013 212 935 A1提出了穿过开口的回油，该开口在轴向方向上穿过凸轮轴调节器的输出元件并且可以将油从该油室排放到储罐中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种凸轮轴调节装置，该凸轮轴调节装置具有另选的回油。
因此，一种具有干式皮带的控制传动的凸轮轴调节装置具有凸轮轴、连接到凸轮轴的凸轮轴调节器、布置在凸轮轴调节器内的中心阀以及作用在中心阀上的致动器，其中由凸轮轴调节器和致动器或支撑致动器的部件形成油密性的湿式空间，并且可以借助于油路排空存在于湿式空间中的油，其中该油路的一部分轴向延伸穿过凸轮轴调节器的输出元件，根据本发明，该油路可以通过输出元件与凸轮轴之间的端侧接触面通向凸轮轴的轴向孔，该轴向孔与凸轮轴调节装置的旋转轴线径向隔开，该轴向孔在形成在凸轮轴的外表面上的进油连接件的下方延伸，以用于将油馈送至中心阀。
这确保油以特别简单的方式从凸轮轴调节装置中去除，而不会流过滚柱轴承，由此避免了飞溅损失和空气进入。因此，由于进一步减少了空气的富集，内燃机的其他油润滑部件的使用寿命可以增加。还避免了背压，并且可以快速排空湿式空间，尤其是在低温下。
在本发明的一个实施例中，进油连接件设计为凸轮轴上的外表面上的周向凹槽，该周向凹槽可以将油经由至少一个径向孔引入同心孔中以便馈送至中心阀。
径向孔(进油)和轴向孔(排油)相对于彼此偏斜地布置，而它们彼此不流体连通。
在有利的实施例中，进油连接件邻近凸轮轴的滚柱轴承布置。滚柱轴承有利地不与排空湿式空间的油路流体连通。
在本发明的一个实施例中，支撑凸轮轴的滚柱轴承不会被根据本发明的油路冲洗或流过。滚柱轴承借助于全寿命润滑进行润滑，其中轴承一次装满润滑剂，并且适当的密封件确保该润滑剂在滚柱轴承的整个使用寿命中大量保留在滚柱轴承中。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在进油连接件与滚柱轴承之间布置有密封件。这防止所供应的油穿过由彼此相对移动的两个部分形成的间隙，并且可能与滚柱轴承的润滑剂混合或冲洗掉润滑剂。由于与温度有关的粘度，此类间隙可以减少或有利于换油，并且由温度引起的间隙高度的变化也可以产生密封效果。
在特别优选的实施例中，油路通向支撑凸轮轴的气缸盖。这样，通过油路排出的油可以返回到储油器(储罐)，并且可以再次用于要润滑的部件。
根据本发明的装置实现了更高质量的油回流或从凸轮轴调节装置排出油。
附图说明
附图中示出了本发明的示例性实施例，
其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的穿过凸轮轴调节装置的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的穿过凸轮轴调节装置1的剖面图。
根据本发明的凸轮轴调节装置1的部件包括凸轮轴调节器2、凸轮轴3、中心阀4和致动器5，该致动器设计为中心磁体并控制中心阀4，该中心阀继而控制凸轮轴调节器2。以上提及的所有部件都由气缸盖20直接或间接地支撑。例如，致动器5由连接到气缸盖20的部件6支撑。在致动器5、部件6和凸轮轴调节器2之间形成湿式空间7，该湿式空间利用密封件21与干式皮带空间22以流体密封的方式密封。
仅示意性地示出了具有输出元件9的凸轮轴调节器2。由于致动器5是现有技术中已知的，因此省略了其详细图示。
湿式空间7收集从中心阀4的端侧流出的油，其中所述油例如可以返回至液压工作室，和/或可以根据箭头被排出至储罐T。
从压力介质源P供应的油首先经由凸轮轴3的进油连接件14进入凸轮轴调节装置1。借助于由凸轮轴3形成并且布置在凸轮轴3的外表面13上的周向凹槽15，油可以围绕凸轮轴3的圆周分布并且到达凸轮轴3的径向孔16。油经由这些径向孔16在旋转轴线12的方向上进入与凸轮轴3同心的孔17，中心阀4部分地伸入该孔中。所供应的油在孔17的端侧上与中心阀4交会，并根据工作状态分配到凸轮轴调节器2的液压工作室。从液压工作室中去除的油从中心阀4的致动器侧的端部流出并流入可以收集油的湿式空间7。
设置了用于排空湿式空间7的油路8，该油路延伸穿过凸轮轴调节器2的整个轴向长度并和凸轮轴调节器2与凸轮轴3之间的接触面10交会。在那里，油路8通向凸轮轴3的轴向孔11。该轴向孔在凸轮轴调节器2的凸轮轴侧的密封件23下方延伸，该密封件将干式皮带空间22相对于邻近密封件23布置的滚柱轴承18密封。滚柱轴承18将凸轮轴3支撑在气缸盖20中。在轴向孔11的另一行程中，它首先在滚柱轴承18自身下方然后在进油连接件14下方延伸，该进油连接件设计为凹槽15。密封件19布置在滚柱轴承18与进油连接件14之间，并且将进油连接件14密封至滚柱轴承18。密封件19可以存在几次并且位于凹槽15的侧面，使得没有油从进油连接件14沿着凸轮轴3的外表面13流动并且润湿相邻的部件。轴向孔11布置成平行于旋转轴线12并与旋转轴线相距一定距离，但是与周向凹槽15相比，到旋转轴线12的径向距离更小。因此，“从P”和“到T”的体积流以偏斜的方式在凸轮轴3中相交而不彼此直接连通。因此，待排出的油可以非常直接地排入气缸盖20中，而不会例如流过滚柱轴承18或通过气缸盖20中的其他孔偏转。
附图标记说明
1) 凸轮轴调节装置
2) 凸轮轴调节器
3) 凸轮轴
4) 中心阀
5) 致动器
6) 部件
7) 湿式空间
8) 油路
9) 输出元件
10) 接触面
11) 轴向孔
12) 旋转轴线
13) 外表面
14) 进油连接件
15) 周向凹槽
16) 径向孔
17) 同心孔
18) 滚柱轴承
19) 密封件
20) 气缸盖
21) 密封件
22) 干式皮带空间
23) 密封件
P 压力介质源
T 储罐

Claims (6)

1.一种具有干式皮带的控制传动的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，所述凸轮轴调节装置具有凸轮轴(3)、连接到所述凸轮轴(3)的凸轮轴调节器(2)、布置在所述凸轮轴调节器(2)内的中心阀(4)以及作用在所述中心阀(4)上的致动器(5)，其中由所述凸轮轴调节器(2)和所述致动器(5)或由所述凸轮轴调节器(2)和支撑所述致动器(5)的部件(6)形成不漏油的湿式空间(7)，并且可以借助于油路(8)排空存在于所述湿式空间(7)中的油，其中所述油路(8)的一部分轴向延伸穿过所述凸轮轴调节器(2)的输出元件(9)，其特征在于，所述油路(8)可以通过所述输出元件(9)与所述凸轮轴(3)之间的端侧接触面(10)，通向所述凸轮轴(3)的轴向孔(11)，所述轴向孔与所述凸轮轴调节装置(1)的旋转轴线(12)径向隔开，所述轴向孔(11)在形成于所述凸轮轴(3)的外表面(13)上的进油连接件(14)的下方延伸，所述进油连接件(14)用于将油馈送至所述中心阀(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其特征在于，所述进油连接件(14)设计为所述凸轮轴(3)的所述外表面(13)上的周向凹槽(15)，所述周向凹槽可以将所述油经由至少一个径向孔(16)引入所述凸轮轴(3)的同心孔(17)中以便馈送到所述中心阀(4)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其特征在于，所述进油连接件(14)邻近于所述凸轮轴(3)的滚柱轴承(18)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其特征在于，所述油路(8)不流过支撑所述凸轮轴(3)的所述滚柱轴承(18)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其特征在于，在所述进油连接件(14)与所述滚柱轴承(18)之间布置有密封件(19)。
6.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的凸轮轴调节装置(1)，其特征在于，所述油路(8)通向支撑所述凸轮轴(3)的气缸盖(20)。
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