CN111719509A - Heat-preservation anti-frost-heaving phase-change heat-insulation board for foundation soil of canal in salt cold region - Google Patents
Heat-preservation anti-frost-heaving phase-change heat-insulation board for foundation soil of canal in salt cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-preservation frost-heaving-prevention phase-change heat-preservation plate for foundation soil of a canal in a salt cold region and a heat-preservation seepage-prevention frost-heaving-prevention method thereof. One end of the non-return capillary inserted into the soil absorbs the redundant pore water in the soil, and the filling material is a phase change layer filling material. The phase change layer can store heat and release heat well under the day and night change of air temperature and solar radiation, and the soil is kept at a normal temperature. And local agricultural waste plastic is remolded as a material, so that the material has the effects of flexibility and seepage prevention, and the plastic has poor heat-conducting property and good heat-insulating effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a heat-preservation anti-frost-heaving phase-change heat-insulation plate for foundation soil of a canal in a salt-cold area.
Background
In northwest China, such as inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places, because of drought, large temperature difference between day and night and serious evaporation, salinization of irrigated area soil is easy to occur, and simultaneously, the low temperature in winter causes frost heaving of channel foundation soil and serious damage to lining. The freezing damage is mainly caused by three factors of air temperature, soil and moisture, wherein the influence of air temperature is the greatest, and the influence of moisture and soil is the next to the influence of soil moisture. In the prior art, structures such as a closed-cell foam board, a geomembrane and an insulation board are mainly adopted to insulate heat of trench foundation soil from the angle of air temperature. Therefore, the effect of slowing frost heaving of the trench foundation soil is poor, and the heat-insulating layer in the prior art is of a multi-layer structure, so that the structure is complex, and water seepage and failure are easy to occur for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a method for using local soil salt water as a filling material of a phase change layer, which realizes heat preservation and heat insulation of canal base soil and can effectively relieve the problems of frost heaving damage of the canal base soil in a salt cold area, leakage in the using process and the like.
In the invention, the saline solution is utilized to heat the canal foundation soil through phase change heat storage and heat release. When the freezing point of the salt solution is high, the salt solution can quickly reach the freezing point in a low-temperature environment at night, after the phase change process is finished, the temperature continuously and quickly drops in the low-temperature environment at night for a long time due to the low specific heat capacity of ice, and when the ice phase is heated to a melting point in daytime, the absorbed heat can be firstly heated to be melted into a liquid phase with larger specific heat, so that the heat energy stored in the salt solution in daytime is reduced.
When the freezing point of the salt solution is low, the phase change point of the salt solution can be reached only after a long time under the low-temperature condition at night, and a large amount of latent heat released when the solution is frozen is difficult to utilize, so that an extra supplementary heat source is lost in a channel.
Therefore, under the conditions of certain air temperature and periodic solar radiation, the salt solution has an optimal freezing point or an optimal temperature range, when the freezing point is equal to the optimal point or in the optimal temperature range, the salt solution can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity, the low temperature at night is regulated by continuously utilizing the heat input in the daytime, and a good active heat preservation effect is achieved on the channel lining.
The distribution range of salinity underground water along the water delivery channel in northwest China is wide, and the soil mainly comprises weak saline soil (the salinity is 0.3% -1%) and medium saline soil (the salinity is 1% -5%), so that the minimum salinity is 0.2%, the salinity gradient is 1.4%, and the maximum salinity is 4.4%, which is beneficial to local materials and obtaining of filling materials required by a phase change layer.
Meanwhile, the plastic is flexible, impermeable and poor in heat conductivity, can absorb deformation caused by soil frost heaving, and reduces damage to the concrete lining plate; the canal foundation soil has excellent anti-seepage effect, can avoid heat exchange between the canal foundation soil and the outside, achieves the effects of heat preservation and heat insulation, and has good heat preservation and frost heaving prevention effects on the canal foundation soil and the lining in the salt cold region.
Based on the technical principle, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems existing at present: the utility model provides a salt and cold district canal base soil keeps warm and prevents frostbite bloated phase transition heated board, includes concrete slab, phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board, concrete slab sets up on the phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board, phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board includes a plurality of lattices, phase transition layer, long baffle, annotates liquid mouth, liquid outlet and bottom plate.
Further, phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage plate thickness is not less than 200mm, adopts injection moulding process, and is a plurality of lattice order an organic whole sets up on the phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage plate, the lattice is the cuboid that the cross section is the square, be equipped with on four sides of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage plate highly is not less than 150mm long baffle to form with bottom plate an organic whole the main body frame of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage plate, phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage plate up end has been seted up and has been annotated liquid mouth and liquid outlet.
Furthermore, openings, namely, inter-lattice transverse communication holes and inter-lattice vertical communication holes, are formed in four side walls of the lattice, and the phase change material in the phase change layer flows among the lattices through the inter-lattice transverse communication holes and the inter-lattice vertical communication holes so as to ensure that the thickness of the phase change layer of each lattice is not less than the height of the bottom edge of each inter-lattice transverse communication hole and each inter-lattice vertical communication hole.
Further, contrary hollow billet one end sets up on the bottom plate, with phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board integral type intercommunication, the length of contrary hollow billet that ends is not less than 250mm, contrary hollow billet is close to the aperture size of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board one end is greater than the aperture size of the other end.
Furthermore, filling materials are injected into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate through the liquid injection port, each lattice structure is provided with the phase-change layer, in the process of filling the materials, the liquid outlet is kept in an open state, atmospheric pressure can be balanced, filling liquid is guaranteed to enter the heat-insulation plate, and redundant liquid can be discharged when the liquid injection is excessive. And sealing the liquid injection port and the liquid outlet after liquid injection is finished, and pouring concrete materials in the long baffle to form a concrete channel lining surface.
Furthermore, as the density ratio of ice water is 0.9, the filling material accounting for 90 percent of the total volume is contained in the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate.
Preferably, the filling material of the phase change layer is a sulfate or nitrate solution with the mass fraction ranging from 0.2% to 1.6%.
Preferably, the phase change material filled in the phase change layer is composed of two parts:
firstly, a nitrate solution or a sulfate solution with the artificially configured capacity accounting for 80 percent of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate and the mass fraction of 1 percent is prepared;
and secondly, common nitrate and sulfate-containing salt water in local soil in the northwest salty cold area is inserted into the soil, redundant pore water in the soil is introduced into the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate through the non-return capillary, the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate is 10%, and the non-return capillary can prevent filling materials in the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate from flowing into the soil, so that the water of the soil in the area is reduced, and the frost heaving amount of the soil layer is further relieved.
Preferably, the phase change layer adopts a filling material with the concentration in the range of 0.2-1.6%.
Preferably, the thickness of the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate is 200mm, the size of the lattice is 500mm multiplied by 200m, and the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate has a certain bearing capacity.
Preferably, the height of the long baffle is 150 mm.
Preferably, the aperture of the transverse communication holes between the lattices and the vertical communication holes between the lattices is 40 mm.
Preferably, waste plastic products such as plastic greenhouses or drip irrigation belts and the like which are discarded by farmers in northwest China are recycled and melted to be used as raw materials of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate, and the plastic mainly comprises the following components: PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer).
Preferably, the injection molding process comprises the following specific processes: preparing materials, closing the die, filling, maintaining pressure, cooling, opening the die, demolding and the like, wherein the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate, the lattice and the non-return capillary are manufactured, one end of the non-return capillary is arranged on the bottom plate and integrally communicated with the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate, the non-return capillary is connected with the bottom plate and adopts an arc section of a transition section arc structure, the length of the non-return capillary is 200mm, the aperture close to one end of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate is 10mm, and the aperture at the other end of the non-return capillary is 3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the frost heaving prevention phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing board for the foundation soil of the canal in the salt-cold area adopts plastic formed by melting and remolding waste plastic of a plastic greenhouse and a drip irrigation zone in the northwest area as a raw material of the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing board; firstly, the economic cost of channel engineering is effectively reduced, and contribution is made to environmental protection; secondly, the plastic is flexible, can absorb deformation adapting to frost heaving of the soil body, and reduces damage to the concrete lining board; thirdly, the plastic is waterproof and poor in heat conduction performance, so that the seepage-proofing effect can be achieved, heat exchange between the canal foundation soil and the outside can be avoided, the heat preservation and insulation effect can be achieved, and the effects of heat preservation and frost heaving prevention are good for the canal foundation soil and the lining in the salt-cold area; fourthly, the injection molding process of material preparation, mold closing, filling, pressure maintaining, cooling, mold opening and demolding is adopted, the heat-preservation frost heaving-prevention phase-change heat-preservation anti-seepage plate for the foundation soil of the channel in the salt cold region is obtained integrally, the performance and the structure are more stable, and the requirement of frost heaving resistance can be better met.
Furthermore, the phase transition layer in the phase transition heat preservation anti-seepage board, under solar radiation heat input and negative temperature environment effect, the intraformational phase transition solution concentration of phase transition is in 0.2% -1.6% within range, the temperature is less than 0 ℃ in the phase transition layer daytime and can maintain liquid state and the most radiant heat of storage, and the temperature is lower when freezing the night temperature and releases the heat and resist the negative temperature, promotes the temperature of the soil body, reaches the emergence that reduces the frost heaving of canal base soil, the non return capillary is leading-in with unnecessary pore water in the soil in the phase transition heat preservation anti-seepage board, can the phase transition layer provides supplementary filler material, reduces the moisture content in the soil, can prevent again that the heated board internal water from getting into the soil layer, alleviates the frost heaving volume of canal base soil layer. Therefore, the invention improves the heat preservation measures, local materials are used, underground saline water in the northwest region is used as a phase change material, abundant solar energy resources in the northwest region are utilized, heat generated by solar radiation is stored in a phase change solution, and when the temperature is lower than the freezing point of the material at night, the material is converted from a liquid state into a solid state, and the heat absorbed in the day is released to heat the trench foundation soil, so that the frost heaving damage of the trench foundation soil is reduced. The engineering cost is lower, the existing local resources are fully utilized, and the method has better feasibility in engineering.
In addition, the non-return capillary tubes and the bottom plate are connected by the arc sections of the transition section arc structure, and firstly, the arc sections are arranged to facilitate the soil water to smoothly enter the heat insulation plate when the reverse branch capillary tubes absorb the soil water; and secondly, the base soil of the low-temperature lower channel is frozen and deformed to extrude the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate and the non-return capillary tube, so that the anti-seepage plate and the non-return capillary tube are deformed, the arc section is arranged to prevent the stress concentration, and the non-return capillary tube is better ensured to continuously absorb the salt solution from the soil body.
And finally, the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate has a certain thickness and is composed of a plurality of lattices, the lattices are cuboids with square cross sections, the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate has a certain bearing capacity, long baffles are arranged on four sides of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate, and concrete materials are filled in the long baffles to form a concrete heat-insulation anti-seepage integrated lining structure. The heat-preservation anti-frost heaving phase change heat-preservation anti-seepage plate for the foundation soil of the channel in the salt cold region is simple and stable in structure, and the channel utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lattice of fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a detail view of the connection between the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate and the non-return capillary in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of the integrated structure of the insulation board and the non-return capillary.
Fig. 6 is a temperature history of a salt solution with a mass fraction of 0.2%.
FIG. 7 is the temperature history of a 1.6 mass percent salt solution.
Fig. 8 is a history of the temperature of the salt solution at a mass fraction of 3.0%.
Fig. 9 is a temperature history of a salt solution with a mass fraction of 4.4%.
Wherein: 1-phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate, 11-lattice, 12-phase-change layer, 13-long baffle, 14-lattice-room transverse communication hole, 15-lattice-room vertical communication hole, 161-liquid injection port, 162-liquid outlet, 17-bottom plate, 2-non-return capillary, 21-arc section and 3-concrete plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a heat-insulating frost heaving prevention phase change heat-insulating board for foundation soil of a canal in a salt-cold area, which is simple in design, stable in structure and low in material cost, can realize heat insulation of the foundation soil of the canal in the salt-cold area, can effectively prevent a lining from being damaged by frost heaving, and is further explained by combining the accompanying drawings as follows:
referring to the accompanying drawings 1-2, the embodiment provides a salt cold region canal foundation soil heat preservation frost heaving prevention phase change insulation board, including phase change heat preservation anti-seepage board 1, contrary capillary 2 and concrete slab 3, the thickness of phase change heat preservation anti-seepage board 1 is not less than 200mm, concrete slab 3 sets up on the phase change heat preservation anti-seepage board 1, referring to fig. 5, adopt injection moulding technology, make phase change heat preservation anti-seepage board 1, lattice 11 and contrary 2 integral structure of capillary, specific process flow: preparing materials, closing a mold, filling, maintaining pressure, cooling, opening the mold, and demolding.
Phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1 includes a plurality of latticed 11, phase transition layer 12, long baffle 13, annotates liquid mouth 161, liquid outlet 162 and bottom plate 17, 11 order arrangements of latticed set up on phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1, refer to figure 1 and figure 2, work as phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1 is set up in the canal base soil, annotate liquid mouth 161 and seted up phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1 position corresponds the lowest latticed 11 department of horizontal position, and each latticed 11 of upwards filling in proper order is started from this latticed 11 to the filling material, liquid outlet 162 is seted up phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1 position corresponds the highest latticed 11 department of horizontal position, prevents phase transition heat preservation seepage-proofing board 1 intussuseption is too much for discharging unnecessary liquid. Referring to the attached figure 3, the lattice 11 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure with a square cross section, communication holes with a diameter not less than 20mm, namely, a transverse lattice communication hole 14 and a vertical lattice communication hole 15, are formed on four side walls of the lattice 11, a liquid injection hole 161 and a liquid outlet 162 with a diameter of 20-40mm are further formed on the upper end surface of the phase change heat insulation seepage-proofing plate 1, nitrate or sulfate solution with a certain concentration is manually configured as a filling material of the phase change layer 12 and injected into the phase change heat insulation plate 1 from the liquid injection hole 161, the filling material flows among the lattices 11 of the phase change heat insulation seepage-proofing plate 1 through the transverse lattice communication hole 14 and the vertical lattice communication hole 15, the phase change layer 12 is formed in the space of each lattice 11, and the liquid outlet 162 is in an open state during the filling material process, the atmospheric pressure is balanced, filling liquid is guaranteed to enter the heat insulation board, and meanwhile, when the liquid is injected too much, redundant liquid is discharged.
Contrary hollow billet 2 sets up on the bottom plate 17, its one end with the integral type intercommunication of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1, contrary hollow billet 2 length of ending is not less than 200mm, refer to figure 4, contrary hollow billet 2 with bottom plate 17 is connected, and the other end inserts in the soil, and with the aperture of the 1 intercommunication one end of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board is greater than the aperture that inserts soil one end, contrary hollow billet 2 can be leading-in with unnecessary pore water in the soil in the phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1, prevent with filling material loss in the phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1 gets into soil. Wherein the contrary hollow billet 2 with the bottom plate 17 is connected and is adopted the circular arc section 21 of changeover portion circular arc structure, and excellent point has two: firstly, the arc section 21 is arranged to facilitate pore water in soil to smoothly enter the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 when the inverted branch capillary 2 absorbs soil moisture; secondly, the canal foundation soil generates frost heaving deformation at low temperature, and is right the deformation is generated by extruding the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 and the non-return capillary tube 2, the stress concentration phenomenon can be prevented by arranging the arc section 21, and the non-return capillary tube 2 can be better ensured to continuously absorb the salt solution from the soil body.
The phase change heat storage material can be classified into organic type, inorganic type and composite type according to the difference of chemical components. The inorganic phase-change heat storage material mainly includes salt solutions, crystalline hydrated salts, molten salts, metals or alloys. Water is the most common phase-change material which is most easily obtained, the phase-change material has excellent physical properties such as large latent heat of phase change, high heat conductivity and the like in the ice-water phase-change process, and is widely applied to the low-temperature field, but the phase-change temperature is fixed to be 0 ℃, and the specific heat capacity difference of two phases is large before and after phase change (the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 kJ/(kg. DEG C.) and the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 kJ/(kg. DEG C)), so that the storage and release of heat are influenced, and the water is not considered to be used as the phase-change heat storage material.
Salinized soil is widely distributed in the northwest of China, typical canal foundation soil is selected from a large water delivery main canal near Wuluqiqi by Caiziang, Wushiqiang and the like, and the soil material is subjected to a salt-soluble test according to the specification. The test result shows that the total mass percent of the easily soluble salt of the canal foundation soil is 0.2%, the types of the salt are sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and the like, wherein the main easily soluble salt component is sodium sulfate which accounts for about 48.5% of the total mass of the easily soluble salt, and on the other hand, the easily soluble salt is influenced by human industrial and agricultural production and other social activities, such as: leachate infiltration of production domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, abused fertilizers, domestic garbage, and the like, and extensive nitrate pollution exists in underground water, mainly in the form of nitrate. Therefore, the test samples are determined as mixed solutions of sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate with different mass fractions, and the mass fractions of the sodium nitrate and the sodium sulfate in the solution are equal. The phase change point of the salt solution has great influence on whether the solution can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity or not under the conditions of long-term negative temperature environment and periodic solar radiation in northwest region, so that whether the phase change point can utilize heat absorbed by day radiation for a long time or not is determined, the low temperature at night can be regulated and controlled for a long time, the interior of the channel is insulated, the water delivery time is prolonged, the foundation soil of the channel is not frozen, and frost heaving is not generated.
When the freezing point of the salt solution is high, the salt solution can quickly reach the freezing point in a low-temperature environment at night, after the phase change process is finished, the temperature continuously and quickly drops in the low-temperature environment at night for a long time due to the low specific heat capacity of ice, and when the ice phase is heated to a melting point in daytime, the absorbed heat can be firstly heated to be melted into a liquid phase with larger specific heat, so that the heat energy stored in the salt solution in daytime is reduced.
When the freezing point of the salt solution is low, the phase change point of the salt solution can be reached only after a long time under the low-temperature condition at night, and a large amount of latent heat released when the solution is frozen is difficult to utilize, so that an extra supplementary heat source is lost in a channel.
Therefore, under the conditions of certain air temperature and periodic solar radiation, the salt solution has an optimal freezing point or an optimal temperature range, when the freezing point is equal to the optimal point or in the optimal temperature range, the salt solution can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity, the low temperature at night is regulated by continuously utilizing the heat input in the daytime, and a good active heat preservation effect is achieved on the channel lining.
The distribution range of the salinity underground water along the water delivery channel in northwest China is wide, and the soil is mainly weak saline soil (the salinity is 0.3% -1%) and medium saline soil (the salinity is 1% -5%), so that the minimum salinity is selected to be 0.2%, the salinity gradient is 1.4%, and the maximum salinity is 4.4%. And measuring thermal performance analysis results such as phase change temperature, heat storage capacity, phase change latent heat and the like of the salt solution with each mass fraction by using a DSC method. And establishing a lining plate model considering phase change heat transfer and a solar radiation heat source through COMSOL numerical simulation, and analyzing the temperature duration of the lining plate material to obtain the heat storage and preservation effects of the phase change temperature filling solution with different concentrations.
The phase transition temperature and the phase transition latent heat of the salt solution with each mass fraction are measured by a DSC method and are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 DSC results
As can be seen from Table 1: as the mass fraction of the salt solution is increased, the phase change point of the salt solution is continuously reduced due to the mutual influence of different molecules in the solution, and the latent heat of phase change of the salt solution is slightly reduced as the mass fraction of the solute of the salt solution is increased.
Establishing a lining heat preservation model containing phase change by utilizing COMSOL: the temperature of the external environment is controlled to be minus 15 ℃ in the northern Xinjiang district; solar radiation simulation utilizes a COMSOL self-contained external radiation source assembly; simulating a plastic lattice region by using a solid heat transfer model, wherein the solid heat transfer medium is a defined solid material (plastic, concrete and ice);
meanwhile, defining the phase change of the salt water at the freezing point to be converted into ice, changing the thermal performance of the salt water to be converted into ice, changing the salt water again when the temperature of the salt water is higher than the melting point, and setting the conversion interval delta T (the temperature change experienced during the phase change process) between the salt water and the ice to be 1K. The thermophysical parameters of the materials used in the model are shown in table 2, wherein the phase change latent heat value of the salt solution is obtained by DSC method test. The simulation results are shown in FIGS. 6-9:
TABLE 2 basic parameters of the materials
As can be seen from the above table 2 and the attached figures 6 to 9, the salt solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% and the salt solution with the mass fraction of 1.6% show good solid-liquid phase change periodicity of the salt solution under the low temperature environment of-15 ℃ and the periodic solar radiation condition, the temperature period change time is longer, but the temperature peak value and the normal temperature maintaining time of the salt solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% both show a trend, the salt solution with the mass fraction of 1.6% shows more stable heat preservation performance, and most of the time can maintain the temperature of the bottom of the lining at about 0 ℃. While the salt solution with the mass fraction of 0.3% and the mass fraction of 4.4% does not show obvious solid-liquid phase change periodicity, and the temperature of the solution is continuously reduced and slowly reduced to-15 ℃ along with the increase and decrease of the time quantum.
The analysis was performed in combination with the above phenomena: under the conditions of-15 ℃ external temperature and periodic solar radiation, an 'optimal freezing point' or an 'optimal temperature range' exists, when the freezing point of the salt solution is in the range, the solution can generate solid-liquid phase change circulation under the action of the external environment and the solar radiation, and absorbed heat is continuously released in a phase change latent heat mode. In the simulation, the concentration of the salt solution is increased from 0.2% to 1.6%, the freezing point of the solution is lowered, but the freezing point of the solution is changed within the temperature range of the optimal freezing point, and the periodic transformation of solid-liquid phase change can be carried out; and when the concentration of the salt solution is within the variation range of 3.0-4.4%, the freezing point temperature is not within the optimal freezing point temperature range, and periodic solid-liquid phase change transformation cannot be carried out.
In conclusion, the sulfate or nitrate solution with the mass fraction range of 0.2-1.6% can be obtained, the annual average temperature in the northern Xinjiang region is-15 ℃ at the external environment temperature, the salt solution can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity, the low temperature at night is adjusted by continuously utilizing the daytime heat input, the channel lining can achieve good active heat preservation effect, the construction method accords with the engineering practice in the engineering construction, and the application of the method in the engineering practice is facilitated.
Because the ice water density ratio is 0.9, the phase-change heat-preservation seepage-proofing plate 1 is filled with 90% of filling materials at most, namely the filling materials of the phase-change layer 12 are from two parts: firstly, the artificially prepared nitrate or sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 1% is injected into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 through the liquid injection port 161 and accounts for 80% of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, secondly, the excess pore water in the soil drawn by the non-return capillary 2 accounts for 10% of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, finally, the concentration of the phase-change layer 12 is in the range of 0.2% -1.6%, the freezing point of the filling material is in the optimal freezing point, and the periodic solid-liquid phase change can be performed. The heat is stored and released to the greatest extent, and the channel foundation soil is heated and insulated.
Four sides of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 are provided with long baffles 13 with the height not less than 150mm, the long baffles 13 and the bottom plate 17 are integrally formed into a main body frame of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, after liquid injection is completed, the liquid injection port 161 and the liquid outlet 162 are sealed, concrete materials are poured into the long baffles 13, the concrete plate 3 is obtained, and a concrete heat-insulation anti-seepage integrated lining structure is formed.
The phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, the lattice 11 and the non-return capillary 2 are made of plastic which is formed by remolding after waste plastic of plastic greenhouses and drip irrigation belts in northwest regions is recycled and melted, and the main components of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate are PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene) and EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), so that the economic cost of channel engineering is effectively reduced.
Example (b):
use the same as the example in Wulu wood district, a salt and cold district canal foundation soil keeps warm and prevents frostbite bloated phase transition heated board, including phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1, contrary hollow billet 2 and concrete slab 3, phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1's high 200mm, concrete slab 3 sets up on the phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1, contrary hollow billet 2 adopts injection moulding technology, with 1 bottom integral type intercommunication of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board, just phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board 1 connects the circular arc section 21 that adopts changeover portion circular arc structure.
The phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1 comprises a plurality of lattices 11, a phase-change layer 12, a long baffle 13, a liquid injection port 161, a liquid outlet 162 and a bottom plate 17, wherein the lattices 11 are sequentially arranged on the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1, the lattices 11 are hollow cuboid structures with the diameter of 200mm multiplied by 500mm, communication holes with the diameter of 20mm are formed in the center positions of four side walls of the lattices 11, namely transverse communication holes 14 among the lattices and vertical communication holes 15 among the lattices, the upper end surface of the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1 is also provided with the liquid injection port 161 and the liquid outlet 162 with the diameter of 30mm, nitrate or sulfate solution with the manually configured concentration of 1% is injected to be used as a filling material of the phase-change layer 12, and the filling material circulates among the lattices 11 of the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1 through the transverse communication holes 14 among the lattices and the vertical communication holes 15 among the, and then all form in each lattice 11 space phase transition layer 12, at this moment, liquid outlet 162 is in open state, and balanced atmospheric pressure guarantees that filling liquid gets into in the heated board, prevents to annotate when too much simultaneously, discharges unnecessary liquid.
Contrary 2 one end settings of capillary that ends are in on the bottom plate 17, with 1 integral type intercommunication of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board, the other end inserts in soil, contrary 2 length of capillary that ends are 250mm, are close to the aperture of 1 one end of phase transition heat preservation prevention of seepage board is 10mm, and the aperture of inserting soil one end is 3 mm. The non-return capillary 2 can guide redundant pore water in soil into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, and the filling material in the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 is placed together with the non-return capillary and runs off into the soil.
In summary, since the ice water density ratio is 0.9, the phase-change insulation impervious plate 1 contains at most 90% of the filling material, i.e. the filling material of the phase-change layer 12 is derived from two parts: firstly, the artificially prepared nitrate or sulfate solution with the concentration of 1% is injected into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 through the liquid injection port 161 and accounts for 80% of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, and secondly, redundant pore water in soil is drawn through the non-return capillary 2 and accounts for 10% of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1. Through analysis and calculation, the concentration range of the mixed phase change material is 0.8% -1.3%, and the concentration range is 0.2% -1.6%, namely the phase change layer 12 absorbs supplementary nitrate and sulfate-containing water from local soil in northwest salty cold regions, and the heat storage and heat release effects of the phase change layer are not affected.
The four sides of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 are provided with long baffles 13 with the height of 150mm, and the long baffles and the bottom plate 17 form a main body frame of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1. And after the liquid injection is finished, a screw cap mode is adopted to seal the liquid injection port 161 and the liquid outlet 162, concrete materials are poured into the long baffle 13 to obtain the concrete slab 3, and a concrete heat-preservation and anti-seepage integrated lining structure is formed.
The phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, the lattice 11 and the non-return capillary 2 are made of plastic which is formed by recycling and melting waste plastic of Wulu wood local plastic greenhouse and drip irrigation zone and then remolding. The specific process steps from waste plastics to the preparation of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, the lattice 11 and the non-return capillary 2 are as follows:
1) collecting and screening waste plastic products
The materials such as the plastic greenhouse and the drip irrigation tape which are discarded by the discarded plastic product bags of local farmers are collected, and the components are complex, so that the quality of finished products is affected by difficulty caused by plastic processing, and processing equipment can be damaged, so that the finished products need to be screened.
2) Cleaning and drying
Waste plastics are generally contaminated with oil stains, garbage, silt and the like to different degrees, and the quality of regenerated plastic products is seriously affected by the impurities, so that the waste plastics must be cleaned by a mechanical cleaning method: the waste plastics are soaked in hot alkali solution for a certain time, then the films are rubbed and impacted by mechanical stirring to remove the contaminated dirt, and the cleaned plastics are taken out.
3) Regeneration granulation
The washed and dried waste is generally granulated before being formed. The waste plastics are generally aged in different degrees after being used, and the contained auxiliary agents are lost in different degrees. Therefore, before granulation, some additives, especially soft polyethylene plastics, are required to be supplemented, and additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers are required to be added. And adding additives into the dried waste plastic, and melting to form regenerated plastic particles.
The main components of the plastic are PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene) and EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), and the plastic is recovered and melted by local vinyl house and drip irrigation tape waste plastic and then remolded to be used as raw materials of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, the lattice 11 and the non-return capillary 2, so that the economic cost of channel engineering is effectively reduced.
The heat preservation seepage-proofing anti-frost heaving method for the heat preservation anti-frost heaving phase change heat preservation plate of the canal foundation soil in the salt cold region comprises the following steps:
1) embedding the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate 1 on the canal foundation soil, and inserting one end of the non-return capillary 2, which is far away from the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate 1, into the canal foundation soil to form a certain inclination angle;
2) through the liquid injection port 161, injecting a manually prepared nitrate solution or sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 1% into the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1 to serve as a filling material of the phase-change layer 12, wherein the volume of the nitrate solution or sulfate solution accounts for 80% of the volume of the phase-change heat-insulation impervious plate 1, the liquid outlet 162 is in an open state during filling the material to balance atmospheric pressure, filling liquid is ensured to enter the heat-insulation board, meanwhile, when the liquid injection is excessive, the excessive liquid is discharged, and after the injection is completed, the liquid injection port 161 and the liquid outlet 162 are closed in a cover screwing mode;
3) the non-return capillary 2 guides redundant pore water in soil into the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate 1, supplements phase-change materials for the phase-change layer 12, and can prevent the filling materials in the phase-change layer 12 from losing into the soil;
4) and pouring concrete materials into the range enclosed by the long baffle 13 to obtain the concrete slab 3, so as to form the surface of the canal lining.
In the above step 2 and step 4, when the thickness of the phase change layer 12 is greater than the minimum height of the pore size boundary of the inter-lattice horizontal communication holes 14 or the inter-lattice vertical communication holes 15 on the side walls of the lattice 11, the phase change material in the phase change layer 12 flows to the other lattices 11 through the inter-lattice horizontal communication holes 14 and the inter-lattice vertical communication holes 15, and fills the phase change layer 12 of the lattice 11, so that the phase change layer 12 can be formed in each of the lattices 11, and the thickness of the phase change layer 12 is not less than the height of the bottom side of the inter-lattice horizontal communication holes 14 or the inter-lattice vertical communication holes 15.
In the step 4, the non-return capillary 2 is used for absorbing common nitrate and sulfate-containing water in the Wuluqiqi local soil, the capacity of the non-return capillary 2 accounts for 10% of the volume of the phase-change heat-preservation anti-seepage plate 1, through research and analysis, the Wuluqiqi local soil is mainly weak saline soil with the salinity of 0.3% -1% and medium saline soil with the salinity of 1% -5%, and the salinity of 0.3% and 5% are respectively substituted into the calculation formula of the phase-change material concentration in the phase-change layer 12:
the concentrations of the mixed phase change materials are calculated to be 0.8% and 1.3%, and in the concentration range of 0.2-1.6%, the phase change layer 12 absorbs supplementary nitrate and sulfate-containing water from the soil in the Wulu wood soil without influencing the heat storage and release effects. Meanwhile, the non-return capillary tube 2 guides redundant pore water in the soil into the phase-change heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate 1 to prevent water in the heat-insulation seepage-proofing plate 1 from entering a soil layer, so that the water in the soil is reduced, and the frost heaving amount of the soil layer is further reduced.
The phase change point of the salt solution has great influence on whether the solution can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity under the long-term negative temperature environment and the periodic solar radiation condition in Xinjiang area, so that whether the phase change point can utilize the heat absorbed by day radiation for a long time is determined, the low temperature at night can be regulated and controlled for a long time, the interior of a channel is insulated, the water delivery time is prolonged, the foundation soil of the channel is not frozen, and frost heaving is not generated.
According to the invention, saline water in local soil is used as a filling material of the phase change layer 12 of the phase change heat insulation seepage-proofing board 1, the phase change layer 12 stores heat and releases heat under the action of local solar heat radiation and air temperature, the frost heaving phenomenon of the trench foundation soil is relieved, the engineering cost of material taking is low, and the practicability is higher. Meanwhile, waste plastics in local agricultural planting are recycled as raw materials of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1, so that the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate 1 has flexibility to adapt to deformation caused by frost heaving of a soil body, damage to a concrete lining plate is reduced, and the anti-seepage plate has water impermeability and can well play a role in preventing seepage; meanwhile, the heat-conducting property of the plastic is poor, heat exchange between the canal foundation soil and the outside can be effectively avoided, the heat-insulating effect is better, the heat-insulating frost-heaving-prevention phase-change heat-insulating board for the canal foundation soil in the salt-cold area is energy-saving and environment-friendly in material, simple and stable in structure, not prone to leakage and frost cracking, long in life cycle, and high in heat-insulating frost-heaving-prevention effect, the utilization rate of the channel is improved, and the engineering has high feasibility.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a salt and cold district canal foundation soil heat preservation frost heaving prevention phase transition heated board which characterized in that: comprises a phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) and a concrete plate (3);
the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) comprises a plurality of lattices (11), a phase-change layer (12), a long baffle (13), a liquid injection port (161), a liquid outlet (162) and a bottom plate (17);
the lattice (11) is of a hollow cuboid structure and is arranged on the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1), phase-change materials are stored in each lattice (11) to form the phase-change layer (12), the long baffles (13) are arranged on four side edges of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) and integrally form a main body frame of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) with the bottom plate (17), and the liquid injection port (161) and the liquid outlet (162) are formed in the upper end face of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1);
concrete materials are poured into the long baffle (13) of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) to form the concrete plate (3);
the bottom plate (17) is communicated with a non-return capillary tube (2), the non-return capillary tube (2) is close to the aperture of one end of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) is larger than the aperture of one end of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1).
2. The salt-cold region canal foundation soil heat-preservation frost heaving prevention phase change heat-preservation plate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the phase change layer (12) is made of a nitrate solution or sulfate solution material with the mass fraction of 1%, and the volume of the phase change layer accounts for 80% of the volume of the phase change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1).
3. The salt-cold region canal foundation soil heat-preservation frost heaving prevention phase change heat-preservation plate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the phase change layer (12) utilizes the common nitrate and sulfate-containing water in the local soil of the northwest saline-cold area drawn by the non-return capillary (2) to form a heat insulation layer, and provides heat for a channel, wherein the capacity of the phase change heat insulation anti-seepage plate (1) accounts for 10% of the volume of the phase change heat insulation anti-seepage plate.
4. The salt-cold region canal foundation soil heat-preservation frost heaving prevention phase change heat preservation plate according to claims 1-3, characterized in that: the four side walls of the lattice (11) are provided with open pores, transverse holes (14) between the lattices and vertical holes (15) between the lattices, and the phase change layer (12) is used for circulating among the lattices (11).
5. The salt-cold region trench foundation soil thermal insulation frost heaving prevention phase change thermal insulation board as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the phase change thermal insulation seepage-proofing board (1) is 200mm, and the lattice (11) is a cuboid with a square of 500mm x 500 mm.
6. The salt-cold region canal foundation soil heat-preservation frost heaving prevention phase-change heat-preservation plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting portion of the non-return capillary tube (2) and the bottom plate (17) is a transition section arc section (21), the non-return capillary tube (2) is 250mm long, the aperture close to one end of the phase-change heat-preservation anti-seepage plate (1) is 10mm, and the aperture at the other end is 3 mm.
7. The method for preserving heat, preventing seepage and preventing frost heaving of the heat-preserving frost heaving phase-change heat-preserving plate for the foundation soil of the canal in the salt-cold area, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing the heat-preservation and frost-proof frame of the trench base
Fixing the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) on the trench foundation soil;
s2, structure phase change layer (12)
a. Injecting a prepared filling material into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) through the liquid injection port (161), wherein in the process of filling the material, the liquid outlet (162) is kept in an open state to balance atmospheric pressure, so that the filling liquid can enter the heat-insulation plate, excessive liquid injection is prevented from being discharged, and the liquid injection port (161) and the liquid outlet (162) are closed after the liquid injection is finished;
b. the non-return capillary tube (2) guides redundant pore water in the soil into the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) and prevents the solution in the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) from flowing back into the soil;
s3, laying concrete board (3)
Pouring concrete materials into the long baffle (13) to form the concrete slab (3), and obtaining the concrete heat-preservation and seepage-proofing integrated lining structure;
s4, seepage-proof, heat-preserving and frost-proof expansion
a. Seepage prevention: in a salt-cold area environment, the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) is fixedly arranged on a channel base, and the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) is of an integrated structure and has a sealing anti-seepage effect;
b. heat preservation and frost heaving prevention:
when the anti-seepage plate is positioned in a salt and cold region, the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1) is made of plastic, the plastic has flexibility, can absorb deformation caused by frost heaving of a soil body, reduces damage to a concrete lining plate, is waterproof and poor in heat conduction performance, can achieve an anti-seepage effect, can avoid heat exchange between channel foundation soil and the outside, achieves a heat-insulation effect, and realizes primary heat-insulation anti-frost heaving protection on a channel;
when the heat absorbed by the saline solution in daytime radiation and the latent heat released when the solution freezes in low-temperature environment at night are in the average temperature of-15 ℃ in a salt-cold area and under the periodic solar radiation condition, based on the above principle, the filling material of the phase change layer (12) consists of two parts of artificially configured nitrate solution or sulfate solution and local soil pore water in the salt-cold area, the artificially configured nitrate solution or sulfate solution material is injected into the phase change heat insulation seepage-proofing board (1) through the liquid injection port (161), the capacity of the artificially configured nitrate solution or sulfate solution material accounts for 80% of the volume of the phase change heat insulation seepage-proofing board (1), in the process of filling the material, the liquid outlet (162) is kept in an open state to balance atmospheric pressure, ensure that the filling liquid enters the heat insulation board, simultaneously prevent excessive liquid injection and discharge redundant liquid, and the non-return capillary tube (2) guides the redundant pore water in the local soil in the salt-cold area into the phase change heat insulation seepage-, meanwhile, the filling material in the phase change layer (2) is prevented from flowing into soil, the phase change layer (12) can maintain good solid-liquid phase change periodicity, the heat input in daytime is continuously utilized to adjust the low temperature at night, a good active heat insulation effect can be achieved for the lining of the channel, the inside of the channel is insulated, the negative temperature is resisted, the temperature of the soil body is increased, the frost heaving of the channel foundation soil is reduced, and therefore secondary heat insulation frost heaving prevention protection is achieved for the channel.
8. The heat-insulation anti-seepage anti-frost-heaving method for the heat-insulation anti-frost-heaving phase-change heat-insulation plate for the foundation soil of the canal in the salt-cold area according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the concentration of the phase change material filled in the phase change layer (12) is in the range of 0.2-1.6%, wherein the mass fraction of the artificially prepared nitrate or sulfate solution is 1%;
when the thickness of the phase change layer (12) is larger than the height of the bottom side of the inter-lattice transverse communication holes (14) or the inter-lattice vertical communication holes (15), the phase change material filled in the phase change layer (12) flows to the next lattice (11) through the inter-lattice transverse communication holes (14) and the inter-lattice vertical communication holes (15) to fill the phase change layer (12) of the lattice (11), so that the thickness of the phase change layer (12) of each lattice (11) can be not smaller than the height of the bottom side of the inter-lattice transverse communication holes (14) or the inter-lattice vertical communication holes (15).
9. The heat-insulation seepage-proofing frost-proofing swelling-proofing method for the heat-insulation frost-proofing swelling-proofing phase-change heat-insulation plate of the canal foundation soil in the salt cold region according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: and (3) recovering waste plastic products such as plastic greenhouses or drip irrigation belts and the like which are wasted in farmers in northwest China and melting the waste plastic products to be used as raw materials of the phase-change heat-insulation anti-seepage plate (1), the lattice (11) and the non-return capillary (2).
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