CN111719324A - 一种布料的前处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种布料的前处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种布料的前处理工艺,包括以下步骤:S1:预湿热坯布,将坯布用热湿气进行蒸煮;S2:预热前处理液,将配制完成的前处理液预热;S3:前处理,将所述步骤S1中处理后的坯布放入前处理液中进行恒温前处理;S4:清洗,将所述步骤S3中处理完成的布料用清水清洗和脱水处理;本发明的制备方法具有提高前处理的布料杂质去除率并提高对染色的染色质量的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织印染领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种布料的前处理工艺。
背景技术
布料印染印花工业是我国的一个重要的行业,随着我国工业的发展,印染行业在质量、品种、效益等方面都得到了较大的改善。布料的前处理在印染过程中属于比较关键的一个步骤。布料前处理的目的主要是为了去除坯布上面的杂质,譬如纺纱过程中的浆料、化纤油剂等杂质,这些杂质若是不去除,对于后续的染色会产生较为严重的质量问题。
现有的布料的染色工艺如公开号为CN110735335A的中国发明专利中公开了一种纺织布料染色方法,包括先将待染色的化纤纺织布置于染缸中,进行染色前处理;向染色缸中加入染色剂和水,将化纤纺织布在染缸中浸泡1-2小时,然后升温;对浸泡过的化纤纺织布在85-95℃的环境下进行烘干;对处理后的化纤纺织布进行固色处理;对处理后的化纤纺织布进行清洗以除去表面的浮色,并在70-80℃时烘干。
印染的相关技术中可以发现,印染的前处理工艺通常只是使用碱液对布料进行浸轧处理,而普通的碱液浸轧处理对于布料上的杂质处理效率较低,且容易造成杂质去除不彻底的问题而影响布料的染色质量。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的印染前处理杂质去除不彻底的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种布料的前处理工艺,所述前处理工艺具有较彻底高效地去除布料中的杂质的优点。
为实现上述第一个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种布料的前处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:预湿热坯布,将坯布用热湿气进行蒸煮;
S2:预热前处理液,将配制完成的前处理液预热;
S3:前处理,将所述步骤S1中处理后的坯布放入前处理液中进行恒温前处理;
S4:清洗,将所述步骤S3中处理完成的布料用清水清洗和脱水处理;
所述前处理液包含以下重量份的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,坯布先进行预湿热处理后,布料中的纤维上的杂质经过湿热的蒸汽处理后,布料上的杂质得到软化和溶胀,有利于杂质更容易被前处理液渗透处理。碱剂中含有大量的氢氧根离子,使得前处理液呈碱性,而在碱性条件下,坯布上的油剂、浆料等杂质更易发生分解,从而得到去除。步骤S2对前处理液先进行预热,可以较大程度地活化前处理液中的各类分子,从而提高前处理液中各分子的活性。坯布在前处理的过程中,先进行恒温处理,恒温过程可以保持坯布与前处理液之间温差稳定,从而不易由于温差而使得前处理液各处的处理效果不同而使得布料后期染色过程中产生明显色差。前处理液中还加入了起泡剂成分,起泡剂在前处理过程中会在前处理液中发生起泡作用,在前处理液中产生的气泡可以对前处理液与布料起到局部的搅拌作用,提高前处理液中各有效成分与布料之间的持续作用效果。而且起泡剂产生的气泡增大了前处理液中各有效成分与布料之间的接触面积,从而使得在前处理的开始阶段,可以使得前处理液中的有效成分更快地分散到布料表面。而在前处理过程中,缓释消泡剂中的消泡成分逐渐释放,使得前处理液中的消泡成分的浓度逐渐增大,从而使得布料表面的泡沫打散,使得前处理中用于去油的有效成分可以均匀渗入布料内部,提高处理效率。
进一步地,所述复合碱剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
氢氧化钠 30~60%;
十二烷基硫酸钠 20~40%;
α-烯烃磺酸钠 10~30%。
通过采用上述技术方案,复合碱剂采用氢氧化钠与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和α-烯烃磺酸钠进行复配,使得氢氧化钠的用量减少,避免碱性过强而使布料纤维中的酯键断裂而产生不良影响,并且再通过十二烷基硫酸钠和α-烯烃磺酸钠两种混合的表面活性剂对布料纤维上的杂质油剂等物质进行乳化分散,加速杂质与布料的分离,从而使得复合碱剂对于布料的处理效果与单独使用氢氧化钠的效果相差不大,均能起到较好的前处理去除杂质的效果。
进一步地,所述起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,直链烷基苯磺酸钠中的阴离子磺酸基与十二烷基二甲基氧化铵中季铵基团发生静电吸引作用,减少了分子极性头之间静电斥力,降低临界胶束浓度,复配效果明显,产生的泡沫性能比单独使用的性能得到提升。
进一步地,所述起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,所述起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,起泡剂中添加的氯化钠中的钠离子会屏蔽表面活性剂中的活性基团,对于阴离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、脂肪醇磷酸酯盐来说,由于屏蔽而使得起泡效果得到一定程度的抑制,起泡的综合性能值下降。而对于十二烷基二甲基氧化铵,由于其为两性离子,当钠离子将表面活性剂中的极性基团的电荷屏蔽时,会有相反的离子补充,钠离子的屏蔽效果并不明显,十二烷基二甲基氧化铵依旧可以起到较好的起泡作用,从而通过钠离子添加量的调节,对起泡的综合性能进行调节,以适应不同的前处理条件。
进一步地,所述起泡剂中还添加有过碳酸钠,所述起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,过碳酸钠与起泡剂中的成分先混合成起泡剂颗粒,起泡剂颗粒在投入前处理液中时,起泡剂在溶液中溶解的过程中,过碳酸钠遇到溶液中的水后,会分解产生氧气,从而使得每个起泡剂颗粒都会产生一定量的氧气气泡,氧气气泡会对起泡剂颗粒产生一定的机械推动作用,从而使得起泡剂在溶液中分散地更加均匀,使得起泡剂中各有效成分在前处理液中混合的更加均匀。同时过碳酸钠分解后产生的氧气对于布料具有一定的氧漂效果,进一步提高布料的白度,提高前处理效果。
进一步地,所述步骤S3前处理过程中,在所述前处理液中连续通入微纳米气泡。
通过采用上述技术方案,微纳米气泡具有比表面积大、停留时间长、传质效率高等性质。当在前处理液中通入微纳米气泡后,微纳米气泡上浮的过程中,气泡会与前处理液中的各种有效成分进行稽核,可以有效提高气液的传质效率。而且微气泡在上升的过程中会促进起泡剂的起泡作用,促进泡沫的形成。微气泡在破裂时,气液界面发生剧烈变化会将高浓度离子积蓄的化学能迅速释放,从而激发产生大量的羟基自由基,而大量的羟基自由基具有一定的氧化能力,可以布料起到漂白得效果。
进一步地,所述缓释消泡剂由包括以下重量百分比的组分制成:
通过采用上述技术方案,聚二甲基硅氧烷为缓释消泡剂的主要成分,聚乙烯醇用于增大聚二甲基硅氧烷的黏度,使得在常温下两者的混合物呈固态。乙醇作溶剂用于溶解聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚乙烯醇,氯化钠固体作为骨架材料,起到支撑聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚乙烯醇的作用。上述原来组成的缓释消泡剂体系,在投入前处理液后,会随着聚乙烯醇的溶解,而逐步释放消泡成分聚二甲基硅氧烷,从而将前处理液中残留的泡沫消去,避免残留的泡沫影响布料后续的印染处理,造成染色色差等问题。氯化钠固体既作为骨架,当缓释消泡剂完全在前处理液中溶解后,氯化钠也会溶解到前处理液中,从而提高前处理液中的氯化钠浓度,氯化钠浓度的提高可以降低起泡剂产生的泡沫的综合性能,使得消泡剂更加容易消泡。
进一步地,所述缓释消泡剂的制备过程包括以下步骤:
步骤a:先将聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯醇与乙醇按比例搅拌混合均匀,得到混合物A;
步骤b:然后将氯化钠固体投入混合物A中搅拌均匀,得到粘附有混合物A的固体B;
步骤c:将固体B烘干蒸发乙醇,即可得到缓释消泡剂。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
第一、由于本发明采用预热和复配的前处理液,由于温度与前处理液中有效成分之间的配合,获得了高效较彻底地去除布料上的杂质的效果。
第二、本发明中优选采用起泡剂和缓释消泡剂,由于可控制起泡的产生和消失时间,获得了既提高布料前处理效率又提高前处理质量的效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例
实施例1
一种布料的前处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:预湿热人棉坯布,将坯布用热湿气在70℃下进行蒸煮;
S2:预热前处理液,将配制完成的前处理液预热至50℃;
S3:前处理,将步骤S1中处理后的坯布放入前处理液中进行50℃恒温前处理;
S4:清洗,将所述步骤S3中处理完成的布料用清水清洗和脱水处理;
前处理液包含以下重量份的组分:
复合碱剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
氢氧化钠 60%;
十二烷基硫酸钠 20%;
α-烯烃磺酸钠 20%。
起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
缓释消泡剂由包括以下重量百分比的组分制成:
缓释消泡剂的制备过程包括以下步骤:
步骤a:先将聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯醇与乙醇按比例搅拌混合均匀,得到混合物A;
步骤b:然后将氯化钠固体投入混合物A中搅拌均匀,得到粘附有混合物A的固体B;
步骤c:将固体B烘干蒸发乙醇,即可得到缓释消泡剂。
实施例2~5与实施例1的区别在于前处理液中各组分比例计为下表。
实施例6与实施例1的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例7与实施例1的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例8与实施例1的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例9与实施例1的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例10与实施例1的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有氯化钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例11与实施例6的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有过碳酸钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例12与实施例6的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有过碳酸钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例13与实施例6的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有过碳酸钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例14与实施例6的区别在于:起泡剂中还添加有过碳酸钠,起泡剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
实施例15与实施例6的区别在于:步骤S3前处理过程中,在前处理液中连续通入微纳米气泡。
对比例
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于:前处理液采用质量浓度为3%的氢氧化钠溶液。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于:前处理液中未加入起泡剂。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于:前处理液中未加入缓释消泡剂。
性能检测试验
检测方法/试验方法
将经过前处理后的布料采用济南亚中颜料有限公司生产的活性分散红染料进行染色,染色工艺具体为:
a)前处理;
b)预定型,将前处理后的布料置于预定型机,温度控制在180℃;车速为45m/min;
c)染色,将预定型后的布料放入染色机中,常温下,水浴中加入活性染料4%owf、匀染剂烷基聚氧乙烯醚0.3g/L,纯碱1g/L,螯合分散剂木质素磺酸钠1g/L,浴比1:20,然后水浴升温,升温速度为1℃/min,当温度升至75℃后,保温50min,排出废水,加入清水冲洗20min;
d)皂洗,将染色后的布料放入皂洗液中进行还原皂洗,所述皂洗液中加入皂洗剂乙二胺二邻苯基乙酸钠5g/L,纯碱4g/L,浴比为1:20,温度控制在100℃,保温15min,皂洗后先用60℃热水清洗20min,再用冷水清洗10min;
e)脱水,将皂洗后的布料用脱水机脱水处理;
f)烘干,将皂洗后的布料经烘干机进行烘干,烘干温度为90℃;
g)开幅,对烘干后的布料经开幅机进行开幅;
h)定型,采用定型机进行定型处理,控制温度为110℃,速率40m/min。
观察染色后的布料上有无瑕疵以及颜色不均匀的现象。
表1
结论:结合实施例1~15和对比例1~3并结合表1可以看出,采用本申请的方式进行前处理后的在染色过程中不会发生疵点以及染色不均的现象,而对比例1~3无论使用单纯碱液进行前处理,还是未添加本申请中的起泡剂和缓释消泡剂,都会产生染色不均的问题,甚至是产生疵点,因此本申请中复配得到的前处理液具有较好的处理效果,对于后期的染色具有较好的优化效果。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种布料的前处理工艺,其特征在于,所述复合碱剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:
氢氧化钠 30~60%;
十二烷基硫酸钠 20~40%;
α-烯烃磺酸钠 10~30%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种布料的前处理工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S3前处理过程中,在所述前处理液中连续通入微纳米气泡。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种布料的前处理工艺,其特征在于,所述缓释消泡剂的制备过程包括以下步骤:
步骤a:先将聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯醇与乙醇按比例搅拌混合均匀,得到混合物A;
步骤b:然后将氯化钠固体投入混合物A中搅拌均匀,得到粘附有混合物A的固体B;
步骤c:将固体B烘干蒸发乙醇,即可得到缓释消泡剂。
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