CN111711325B - 具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,属于发电机领域,本发明为解决在定子齿压板处测温无法反应定子齿真实温度的问题。本发明包括定子、转子和转轴,转子固定于转轴上,定子设置于转子的外部,定子与转子之间存在径向间隙;定子具有2N个定子齿,在每个定子齿的齿顶沿轴向开设两个辅助槽,每个辅助槽中嵌入一根铜条,测量发电机运行时4N根铜条串联输出的实际电阻值,根据该实际电阻值获取定子齿顶平均温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发电机的测温技术,属于发电机领域。
背景技术
潮流能属于海洋可再生能源,而且分布广泛、永不枯竭,目前已经成为世界各主要能源国家关注的焦点,成为了海洋能能源中发展最快的一个分支,潮流发电机通常采用永磁同步发电机,由于定子铁心表面开槽会引起齿槽转矩,产生了振动与噪声,而且定子齿顶的磁密较高,发热严重,传统测量定子齿顶的温度是在定子齿压板上安装热电阻,由于定子齿压板位于定子铁心的两个轴向端面处,因此热电阻测量位置也在定子齿的两个轴向端面上,定子铁心轴向端部的发热必然低于轴向内部的温度,因此,这种测量方式所测定子齿温度低于实际温度,测量结果不准确。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了解决在定子齿压板处测温无法反应定子齿真实温度的问题,提供了一种具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机。
本发明所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,包括定子1、转子2和转轴3,转子2固定于转轴3上,定子1设置于转子2的外部,定子1与转子2之间存在径向间隙;定子1具有2N个定子齿1-2,在每个定子齿1-2的齿顶沿轴向开设两个辅助槽4,每个辅助槽4中嵌入一根铜条5,测量发电机运行时4N根铜条5串联输出的实际电阻值,根据该实际电阻值获取定子齿顶平均温度θ:
式中:RSθ为发电机运行时4N根铜条串联输出的实际电阻值;
RS75为铜条75℃时对应电阻值。
优选地,辅助槽4为齿顶开口的圆形槽,槽径大于铜条5。
优选地,两个辅助槽4沿齿顶轴向中心线对称设置。
优选地,4N根铜条5串联后通过两个出线端6与外部测量设备连接。
优选地,外部测量设备为万用表。
优选地,转子2包括转子铁心2-1、永磁极2-2和扇形斜向通风槽2-3,转子铁心2-1沿周向嵌放2P个永磁极2-2,转子铁心2-1沿周向均布2P个扇形斜向通风槽2-3,所述扇形斜向通风槽2-3为贯穿转子铁心的轴向通槽,且位于永磁极2-2与转轴3之间。
优选地,扇形斜向通风槽2-3沿轴向倾斜。
优选地,辅助槽4的槽口在0.95~1.05mm之间。
本发明的优点:本发明设计了一种具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,在定子齿顶安装铜条来监测整个定子齿顶的温度,所述铜条沿轴向贯穿整个定子齿顶,所测温度为定子齿顶的平均温度,测量结果准确,为发电机的安全运行提供了可靠的参考依据。
同时为了安装铜条在定子齿顶开设两个圆形辅助槽优化了定子齿顶铁心结构,进而降低了齿槽转矩,降低了振动与噪声,并且使电压波形得到了优化。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机的结构示意图;
图2是图1的A-A剖视图;
图3是图1的B处局部放大图;
图4为辅助槽槽口与齿槽转矩的仿真关系图。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一:下面结合图1至图4说明本实施方式,本实施方式所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,包括定子1、转子2和转轴3,转子2固定于转轴3上,定子1设置于转子2的外部,定子1与转子2之间存在径向间隙;
定子1包括定子铁心1-1、定子齿1-2和定子绕组1-3,定子铁心1-1内圆表面沿周向均布2N个定子齿1-2,相邻两个定子齿1-2之间形成的定子槽中设置定子绕组1-3;
转子2包括转子铁心2-1和永磁极2-2,转子铁心2-1沿周向嵌放2P个永磁极2-2,永磁极2-2位于转子铁心2-1内部且靠近外圆表面,每个永磁极2-2嵌放在轴向永磁安装通槽内;转子铁心2-1的内圆固定在转轴3上,二者间隙配合。
定子1具有2N个定子齿1-2,在每个定子齿1-2的齿顶沿轴向开设两个辅助槽4,每个辅助槽4中嵌入一根铜条5,测量发电机运行时4N根铜条5串联输出的实际电阻值,根据该实际电阻值获取定子齿顶平均温度θ:
式中:RSθ为发电机运行时4N根铜条串联输出的实际电阻值;
RS75为铜条75℃时对应电阻值。
辅助槽4为齿顶开口的圆形槽,槽径大于铜条5。
两个辅助槽4沿齿顶轴向中心线对称设置。
4N根铜条5串联后通过两个出线端6与外部测量设备连接。
外部测量设备为万用表。
测量过程:发电机运行,万用表读取4N根铜条5串联输出的实际电阻值RSθ及RS75代入公式(1)计算得出定子齿顶平均温度θ,这样测量出的结果为平均温度,更准确。
RS75获取过程:要发电机运行前,室温下利用万用表测出4N根铜条5串联输出电阻值,代入公式(1)中,此时θ的数值为室温,RSθ为万用表测出的电阻值,这样就可以计算出公式(1)中唯一的变量RS75。
为了安装铜条在定子齿顶开设两个圆形的辅助槽4,优化了定子齿顶铁心结构,进而降低了齿槽转矩:开辅助槽相当于增加齿槽转矩基波周期数,辅助槽新的齿槽转矩对原有槽口的齿槽转矩起抵偿作用,从而使得总齿槽转矩幅值降低,达到了降低齿槽转矩的目的。这个是测温结构在测温的同时起到附加作用。齿槽转矩降低能相应降低发电机的振动与噪声,并且使电压波形得到了优化。
图4所示为辅助槽4的槽口的大小与齿槽转矩的仿真关系图,由仿真可知,槽口的大小取值在0.95mm~1.05mm之间时为优化值,此时齿槽转矩小。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式对实施方式一作进一步说明,还设置有扇形斜向通风槽2-3,转子铁心2-1沿周向均布2P个扇形斜向通风槽2-3,所述斜向通风槽2-3为贯穿转子铁心的轴向通槽,且位于永磁极2-2与转轴3之间。
扇形斜向通风槽2-3沿轴向倾斜。
定子可以借助在机壳内的水道进行散热,而转子散热比较困难,通常会在转子本体上开有与转轴平行的轴向通风槽,但散热效果不佳,在转子铁心2-1轴向上开斜向通风槽,不仅节约了材料、降低了转动惯量,而且提高了转子散热效果,有效降低转子温度。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,两个辅助槽(4)沿齿顶轴向中心线对称设置。
3.根据权利要求1所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,4N根铜条(5)串联后通过两个出线端(6)与外部测量设备连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,外部测量设备为万用表。
5.根据权利要求1所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,转子(2)包括转子铁心(2-1)、永磁极(2-2)和扇形斜向通风槽(2-3),转子铁心(2-1)沿周向嵌放2P个永磁极(2-2),转子铁心(2-1)沿周向均布2P个扇形斜向通风槽(2-3),所述扇形斜向通风槽(2-3)为贯穿转子铁心的轴向通槽,且位于永磁极(2-2)与转轴(3)之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,扇形斜向通风槽(2-3)沿轴向倾斜。
7.根据权利要求1所述具有齿顶测温结构的潮流能永磁发电机,其特征在于,辅助槽(4)的槽口在0.95~1.05mm之间。
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