CN111692936A - Rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method - Google Patents
Rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111692936A CN111692936A CN202010698664.5A CN202010698664A CN111692936A CN 111692936 A CN111692936 A CN 111692936A CN 202010698664 A CN202010698664 A CN 202010698664A CN 111692936 A CN111692936 A CN 111692936A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A rock mass control blasting device and a blasting method comprise a three-way energy-gathering groove pipe, wherein the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is detachably connected with a retaining wall cover plate clamping piece, the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe and the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece form a blasting device main body, a tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle and a head detonating cord sleeve are respectively arranged at two ends of the blasting device main body, and a head detonating cord clamping plate is arranged in the head detonating cord sleeve. The invention can effectively control the explosive radial excitation position, the energy-gathered jet flow direction and the forming quality and the safety stability of the protected rock surface, obviously reduce the bulk rate and the sticking rate of the buffer layer or the light explosion layer, and reduce or even eliminate the occurrence of secondary treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, and particularly relates to a rock mass controlled blasting device and a blasting method applied to rock mass presplitting blasting and rock mass smooth blasting.
Background
In the field of engineering construction, rocks are required to be excavated along a designed excavation contour line, the rocks outside the contour line are kept in an original state as much as possible in construction, disturbance and damage are avoided as much as possible, and the reserved rock surface is smooth and stable; meanwhile, the rocks within the excavation contour line need to be fully crushed, the method is suitable for cleaning and transportation, and one-time blasting molding is adopted without secondary treatment. Therefore, for example, in slope engineering, tunnel engineering and the like, engineering technicians adopt a presplitting (smooth blasting) technology to realize the purpose of controlled excavation of the reserved rock face.
At present, the engineering construction field has high requirements on the design of the forming size of an excavation profile surface and the later safety and stability of a rock surface; on the other hand, the economic efficiency of engineering construction is more and more important.
The traditional presplitting (smooth surface) blasting technology is adopted, and the defects exist in the aspects of blast hole amount, rock surface blasting crack generation control and the like. The existing smooth blasting technology, such as the tunnel tunneling energy-accumulation water pressure rock mass control blasting device and the blasting method disclosed in Chinese patent document CN201610439774.3, and the peripheral eye charge structure of the energy-accumulation water pressure smooth blasting and the construction method thereof disclosed in Chinese patent document CN 110332860A, adopts the energy-accumulation water pressure blasting technology, only utilizes the energy accumulation effect of the charge type, although the blast hole amount, the hole distance of the light blasting holes and the explosive loading are improved compared with the traditional smooth blasting effect, however, the device and the method have random explosive radial excitation points, unstable energy accumulation directions, inconvenient operation process and improved post-explosion effect, and particularly the control of the breaking block size of rock of a buffer layer or a light explosion layer and secondary treatment are not even as good as the traditional presplitting (smooth surface) blasting technology, and the device and the method can not be flexibly designed by field engineering technicians according to specific rock conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical problems in the background art, the rock mass control blasting device and the blasting method provided by the invention can effectively control the radial excitation position of the explosive, the energy-gathered jet flow direction and the forming quality and the safety and stability of the protected rock surface, so that the bulk rate and the sticking rate of a buffer layer or a light blasting layer are obviously reduced, and the occurrence of secondary treatment is reduced or even avoided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the utility model provides a rock mass control blasting unit, includes the three-dimensional groove pipe that gathers can, and three-dimensional groove pipe detachably that gathers can be connected with dado apron card, and the three-dimensional groove pipe that gathers can and dado apron card have constituted the blasting unit main part, and blasting unit main part both ends are equipped with afterbody detonating cord mounting plate respectively and detain and head detonating cord sleeve pipe, are equipped with head detonating cord fastening plate in the head detonating cord sleeve pipe.
In a preferred scheme, the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe comprises an arc-shaped outline plate, the radius of the outer contour of the arc-shaped outline plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped outline plate is sunken towards one side of the circle center to form an excavation side energy-gathering groove, the excavation side energy-gathering groove is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy-gathering groove is gamma; the outer walls of the edges of the two ends of the circular arc-shaped contour plate are recessed towards one side of the circle center to form a contour surface energy-gathering groove, the contour surface energy-gathering groove is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy-gathering groove is alpha; the value of alpha is 20-120 degrees, and the value of gamma is 20-120 degrees.
In a preferred scheme, the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece comprises an arc-shaped cover plate, and the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate is superposed with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate; the two ends of the circular arc cover plate are provided with L-shaped bayonets, and the two ends of the circular arc contour plate are inserted into the L-shaped bayonets; the L-shaped bayonet comprises an arc-shaped clamping groove, the axis of the arc-shaped clamping groove is overlapped with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped clamping groove is beta.
In the preferred scheme, the values of alpha and gamma are both 45 degrees, and the value of beta is 6-12 degrees; the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is coated with insulating paint, and the retaining wall cover plate clamping plate, the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle, the head detonating cord sleeve and the head detonating cord clamping plate are all made of polyvinyl chloride; the wall thickness of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is 0.6-1 mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3-0.5 mm.
In a preferred scheme, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle comprises a concentric special-shaped circular plate, wherein a concentric circular hole is formed in the center of the concentric special-shaped circular plate and is used for penetrating and limiting a detonating cord; the concentric special-shaped circular plate comprises a first semicircular plate and a second semicircular plate, and the circle centers of the first semicircular plate and the second semicircular plate are overlapped; a plurality of V-shaped clamping plates are arranged on the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and the V-shaped clamping plates are attached to the excavation side energy-gathering groove and the contour surface energy-gathering groove from the inner side; the edge of the second semicircular plate is provided with a semicircular protective cylinder; the lengths of the V-shaped clamping plate and the semicircular protecting cylinder are both b; the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is L in length, the retaining wall cover plate card is L1 in length, the thickness of the concentric special-shaped circular plate is c, and L1= L + c.
In a preferable scheme, the sleeve of the head detonating cord comprises a sleeve, a circular partition plate is arranged in the middle of the sleeve, a first eccentric hole is formed in the circular partition plate, the radius of the first eccentric hole is r, the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole is a, a detonating cord penetrates through the first eccentric hole, and r is larger than the radius of the detonating cord by 0.4-0.6 mm; the length of the circular partition plate and the edge of the sleeve is d, the inner diameter of the sleeve is R1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is R2.
In the preferred scheme, the head detonating cord buckle plate is of a strip-shaped plate structure, the edges of two ends of the strip-shaped plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edges is R4, and the arc edges are used for being attached, clamped and limited with the inner wall of the sleeve pipe of the head detonating cord sleeve; the width of the head detonating cord clamping plate is 2d +2r, a second eccentric hole is formed in the head detonating cord clamping plate, the radius of the second eccentric hole is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole is a.
In the preferred scheme, the outside of blasting unit main part cup jointed downthehole fixed flexible support, downthehole fixed flexible support is equipped with concentric dysmorphism hole, concentric dysmorphism hole includes first semicircle orifice and second semicircle orifice, downthehole fixed flexible support outer wall is the hexagon setting.
This patent can reach following beneficial effect:
1. the blasting device provided by the invention can effectively control the explosive radial excitation position, the energy-gathered jet flow direction, the contour line crack development length, the forming quality and the safety and stability of the protected rock face, so that the bulk rate and the upper attaching rate of the buffer layer or the light explosion layer (the situation that the rock of the buffer layer or the light explosion layer is not fully crushed and exploded and is still attached to the contour face in a layered form is called as upper attaching) are obviously reduced, and the occurrence of secondary treatment is reduced or even avoided; according to the blasting method provided by the invention, according to the concrete conditions such as rock properties, profile surface forming specification requirements and the like, the engineering technicians can flexibly adjust the blast hole parameters, the energy-gathering groove type angle, the energy-gathering flow direction, the water pressure quantity, the uncoupled charge coefficient and the charge structure. The invention improves the economy of engineering construction in the aspects of blast holes, the consumption of blasting materials, blasting slag clearing, the treatment rate of rock surfaces after blasting, the quality qualification rate and the like.
2. Has energy gathering effect. The device has the advantages that the explosive groove type explosive forms an energy accumulation effect, and the high-density metal energy accumulation groove base metal forms a linear high-energy density jet flow in the axial direction of the blast hole, so that the device has killing power. The initial cutting seam is effectively formed on the blast hole wall rock body, and conditions are created for breaking rock by stress wave and doing work by high-temperature high-pressure gas immediately after the initial cutting seam.
3. Has energizing effect. The parent metal of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is made of high-combustion heat metal materials, high-energy density jet flow is provided at the energy-gathering groove, and the parent metal at the arc part also emits a large amount of heat after explosion and combustion, so that the acting capacity of the explosion high-temperature and high-pressure gas is improved.
4. Has the wall protection effect. When the explosive is detonated, the retaining wall cover plate clamping pieces are made of semicircular nonmetal easily-gasified materials, the design of thickening is adopted, the axial direction of one side of the rock surface to be protected in the blast hole effectively reduces the initial pressure of detonation waves, and the generation of explosive cracks on the wall of the blast hole is inhibited, so that the retaining wall effect is generated on the protected rock surface, and the safety and the stability of the rock surface are facilitated.
5. The direction of the energy-gathering jet flow of the energy-gathering groove is controllable. The device is provided with the detonating cord limiter, so that the detonating cord limiter is always positioned at the concentric circle axis of the blasting device, namely the common vertex of the three energy gathering grooves. The explosive is excited at the center right above the top point of the energy-accumulating groove, the energy-accumulating groove plays the greatest role and points accurately, and therefore the excavation contour line and the flatness of the protected rock surface are controlled more favorably. The detonating cord limiter is characterized in that the tail detonating cord support plate buckle, the head detonating cord sleeve and the head detonating cord clamping plate are arranged.
6. The radial and axial non-coupling charge coefficients are convenient and adjustable. The radial decoupling coefficient of the device can be adjusted by customizing the opening angle and the opening direction of the excavation side energy-gathering groove and the profile surface energy-gathering groove and the pipe diameter of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe; the blasting device can also be designed with an axial charging structure of the blasting device and an axial charging structure of the whole blast hole by using a water bag, an air bag and a explosive column (or a combination form thereof).
7. The water bag can be filled in the hole bottom, the orifice end and the device, so that the rock can be broken by the explosion water pressure, and the blasting effect is improved.
8. The explosive surface loading density is reduced. Through three-way energy-gathering flow grooving, metal explosion energization is realized, the action time of explosive gas is prolonged by an air column, and the rock breaking effect of a hole bottom orifice is improved by water pressure, so that the explosive usage amount of the contour surface in unit area is reduced.
9. Improve the blasting effect and improve the economy of blasting engineering. The explosion device controls the distribution of explosion energy, effectively improves the explosion effect, is particularly favorable for reducing the block rate and the sticking rate of a buffer layer or a light explosion layer, is convenient to clear and transport, and reduces or even stops the probability of secondary treatment.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way energy concentrating chute and retaining wall cover plate card of the present invention installed at a gun hole;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall cover card of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way concentrator channel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the tail portion detonating cord plate fastener of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the tail detonator cord retainer plate fastener of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the tail detonator cord retainer clip of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the head portion detonating cord sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the head portion detonator cord sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the head portion detonator cord sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the head portion detonator cord fastener plate of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the head portion detonator cord snap plate of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a side view of the head portion detonator cord snap plate of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a front view of the flexible support secured within the aperture of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a top view of the flexible support secured within the aperture of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a side view of the flexible support secured within the aperture of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a retaining wall cover card according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a three-dimensional structure of the three-way energy concentrating groove tube of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the axial charging structure in the blast hole of the invention.
In the figure: the three-way energy gathering groove comprises a three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1, an excavation side energy gathering groove 101, a profile surface energy gathering groove 102, a retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2, an arc-shaped clamping groove 201, a tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3, a first semicircular plate 301, a second semicircular plate 302, a concentric circular hole 303, a V-shaped clamping plate 304, a semicircular retaining cylinder 305, a head detonating cord sleeve 4, a first eccentric hole 401, a head detonating cord clamping plate 5, a hole internal fixed flexible support 6, a concentric special-shaped hole 601 and a blast hole 7;
a represents a hole bottom charging structure, B represents a charging section of a blasting device, C represents a flexible support in a blast hole, D represents an internal interval of the blasting device, E represents a hole opening charging structure, F represents a filling section of the blast hole, G represents the blast hole, and H represents an explosion fuse.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 18, a rock mass control blasting device comprises a three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1, wherein the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is detachably connected with a retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2, the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 and the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2 form a blasting device main body, a tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3 and a head detonating cord sleeve 4 are respectively arranged at two ends of the blasting device main body, and the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are used for fixing the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 and the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2; a head detonating cord buckle plate 5 is arranged in the head detonating cord sleeve 4. As shown in fig. 1, the present blasting apparatus is intended to be installed in a blast hole 7. The tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are used for fixing the position of the detonating cord.
The rock mass control blasting device provided by the technical scheme mainly aims at the technical scheme provided by rock mass presplitting control blasting and rock mass smooth surface control blasting.
Further, the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 comprises an arc-shaped contour plate, the outer contour radius of the arc-shaped contour plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped contour plate is sunken towards one side of the circle center to form an excavation side energy-gathering groove 101, the excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 is gamma; the outer walls of the two end edges of the circular arc-shaped contour plate are recessed towards one side of the circle center to form a contour surface energy-gathering groove 102, the contour surface energy-gathering groove 102 is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy-gathering groove 102 is alpha; the value of alpha is 20-120 degrees, and the value of gamma is 20-120 degrees. The values of alpha and gamma are determined according to the diameter of the blast hole, and the larger the diameter of the blast hole is, the smaller the values of alpha and gamma are.
Further, the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2 comprises an arc-shaped cover plate, and the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate is overlapped with the axis of the arc-shaped outline plate; the two ends of the circular arc cover plate are provided with L-shaped bayonets, and the two ends of the circular arc contour plate are inserted into the L-shaped bayonets; the L-shaped bayonet comprises an arc-shaped clamping groove 201, the axis of the arc-shaped clamping groove 201 is overlapped with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped clamping groove 201 is beta.
Further, the values of alpha and gamma are both 45 degrees, the value of beta is 6-12 degrees, and the preferred value of beta is 10 degrees; the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is coated with insulating paint, and the wall protection cover plate clamping plate 2, the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 are all made of polyvinyl chloride; the thickness of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is determined according to the decoupling coefficient, the R size and the rigidity of the aluminum alloy, and preferably, the wall thickness of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is 0.6-1 mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3-0.5 mm. The length of the three-way energy-gathering grooved tube 1 is L, and the size of the L is determined according to the length of a blast hole and the charging structure. The length of the retaining wall cover plate card 2 is L1, L1= L + c, c is the thickness of the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and c is 5-10 mm. The thickness of the retaining wall cover plate card 2 is 3-5 times of that of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1.
Further, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 comprises a concentric special-shaped circular plate, a concentric circular hole 303 is arranged at the center of the concentric special-shaped circular plate, the concentric special-shaped circular plate comprises a first semicircular plate 301 and a second semicircular plate 302, and the circle centers of the first semicircular plate 301 and the second semicircular plate 302 are overlapped; a plurality of V-shaped clamping plates 304 are arranged on the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and the V-shaped clamping plates 304 are attached to the excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 and the contour surface energy-gathering groove 102 from the inner side; the edge of the second semicircular plate 302 is provided with a semicircular pile casing 305; the length of the V-shaped clamping plate 304 and the length of the semicircular protective cylinder 305 are both b, and the b can be 15-25 mm. The radius of the concentric circular hole 303 is r, and the radius of the concentric circular hole 303 is the same as that of the first eccentric hole 401.
Further, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 comprises a sleeve, a circular partition plate is arranged in the middle of the sleeve, the circular partition plate is provided with a first eccentric hole 401, the radius of the first eccentric hole 401 is r, the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole 401 is a, and a is 2-3 mm; the first eccentric hole 401 is used for penetrating a detonating cord, r is larger than the radius of the detonating cord by 0.4-0.6mm, preferably r is larger than the radius of the detonating cord by 0.5 mm; the length of the circular partition plate and the edge of the sleeve is d, the inner diameter of the sleeve is R1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is R2. The range of R2 minus R1 can be 1.5-3 mm. The value of R1 is determined by the sleeve 4 sleeved into the three-way energy-gathering grooved tube 1 and tightly connected.
Further, the head detonating cord buckle 5 is of a strip-shaped plate structure, the edges of two ends of the strip-shaped plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edges is R4, and the arc edges are used for being attached to the inner wall of the sleeve of the head detonating cord sleeve 4; the width of the head detonating cord fastening plate 5 is 2d +2r, a second eccentric hole 501 is arranged on the head detonating cord fastening plate 5, the radius of the second eccentric hole 501 is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole 501 is a. Wherein d is 5-8 mm, and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 can rotate in the sleeve of the head detonating cord sleeve 4 without being clamped.
Further, the inside fixed flexible support 6 of downthehole has been cup jointed to the blasting unit main part outside, and downthehole fixed flexible support 6 is equipped with concentric dysmorphism hole 601, and concentric dysmorphism hole 601 includes first semicircle orifice and second semicircle orifice, and the 6 outer walls of downthehole fixed flexible support are the hexagon setting. The flexible support 6 fixed in the hole is made of polyethylene foam (EPE pearl cotton).
The size of the concentric special-shaped hole 601 is designed according to the shape of the cross section of the main body of the blasting device, the external dimension of the flexible support 6 fixed in the hole is an externally tangent equilateral hexagonal prism externally tangent to the circumference of the blast hole (the diameter of the blast hole is D1), and the length is 2 f; the length f section of the upper part and the circumference of R2 are made into inclined planes, and f can be 10-30 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the blasting method of the rock mass control blasting device comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a three-phase energy-gathering groove pipe 1 with a designed length L and an outer contour radius R and a retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2; preparing a cylindrical plastic bag with the radius of R, injecting water or air into the cylindrical plastic bag, stopping when the water injection amount or the air injection amount is 35-45% of the capacity of the cylindrical plastic bag, and sealing the cylindrical plastic bag; preparing a water bag or an air bag with the diameter 5-30 mm smaller than the diameter D1 of the blast hole, wherein the length is 10-20 cm, and sealing after filling water into the water bag or filling air into the air bag; and preparing quick-drying glue for bonding the flexible support 6 fixed in the hole with the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 and the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2 and the flexible support 6 fixed in the hole.
S2: under the condition of meeting the use environment of civil explosive, a spraying device is used for spraying water to a working point to eliminate static electricity, and one end of an opening of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 faces upwards and is horizontally placed and fixed;
s3: cutting off the detonating cord according to the required length of the design, wherein one end of the detonating cord penetrates through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and then is knotted, the other end of the detonating cord penetrates through the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 in sequence, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are installed at two ends of the three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1 and are sleeved tightly, the detonating cord at one end of the head detonating cord sleeve 4 is tensioned, the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 is propped tightly in a rotating mode, the detonating cord is clamped tightly, and the detonating cord in the three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1 is tensioned and;
the length of the detonating cord is calculated and cut off according to the length of the blast hole and the charging structure, and the detonating cord in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is complete and has no joint;
s4: according to the charge amount and the charge structure designed by engineering technicians, marks are made in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 according to the charge structure design; and placing the water bag or the air bag with the radius of R prepared in the step S1 into corresponding marking positions along the left and right sides of the detonating cord, and clamping the detonating cord left and right to enable the detonating cord to be always suspended in situ.
S5: filling emulsion explosive into the marked explosive-filled position in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1, and filling a small amount of the emulsion explosive for multiple times to ensure that the explosive-filled cavity of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is filled with the explosive and has no gap; the filling amount of the opening of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is to submerge the whole excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 and cover more than two thirds of the two profile surface energy-gathering grooves 102, and the fullness of the emulsion explosive is based on that the emulsion explosive is not extruded due to the fact that the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2 is buckled;
s6: after the positions marked by the three-way energy-gathering groove pipes 1 for filling explosives are qualified, sleeving the retaining wall cover plate card 2 into the circular arc-shaped clamping groove 201 from the tail part of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1, and slowly pushing the retaining wall cover plate card 2 until the retaining wall cover plate card is contacted with the head detonating cord sleeve 4;
s7: cutting off the fixed flexible supports 6 in the holes along one side or two sides of the symmetry axis of the fixed flexible supports 6, after coating quick-drying glue on the inner cavity surface and the cut surface of the fixed flexible supports, adhering the fixed flexible supports to the assembled three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 and the wall protection cover plate clamping piece 2, aligning the cuts in the fixed flexible supports 6 in the holes, and setting the interval distance between every two adjacent fixed flexible supports 6 in the holes to be 60-120cm, preferably 80 cm;
s8: and (4) completing the manufacture of the single complete blasting device, circulating the steps S1-S7 to manufacture the required energy collecting devices one by one according to the number of the blasting devices required by single blasting, and putting the energy collecting devices into corresponding positions of blast holes to connect detonating cords to form a detonating network when in use. When the manufactured blasting device is stored and transported, the notch of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is kept upward and horizontal as much as possible; avoid shaking and collision during transportation.
Preferably, in step S3, the detonating cord is cut according to the length of the blast hole, the design of the charging structure and the length required by the network connection, one end of the detonating cord is knotted after passing through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3, and the end head is controlled to be 15-25 mm after knotting.
In step S8, the notches of the two profile shaped energy slots 102 point to the connecting line direction of the pre-splitting or smooth blast hole (i.e. the direction is consistent with the excavation profile line direction); the notch of the excavation side energy-collecting groove 101 points to the direction of a buffer layer of presplitting blasting or a smooth blasting layer of smooth blasting;
the three-way energy-accumulating groove pipe 1 is a main energy-accumulating and energy-increasing device, and two profile energy-accumulating grooves 102 of the three-way energy-accumulating groove pipe point to the connecting line direction of a pre-splitting or smooth blast hole (namely, an excavation profile line); an excavation side energy-collecting groove 101 points to the direction of a buffer layer of presplitting blasting or a smooth blasting layer of smooth blasting (namely the direction of rocks needing blasting clearing in a contour surface); the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 provides a cavity for filling explosives to enable explosive types to form energy-gathering groove shapes, and on the other hand, under the detonation action of the explosives, metal base materials of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe form linear metal jet flow with higher energy density than that of easily-gasified materials in the length direction of a blast hole in the energy-gathering groove, the metal base materials have killing power, an initial cutting seam is effectively formed when the metal base materials act on rock bodies on the wall of the blast hole, and conditions are created for stress wave rock breaking and high-temperature and high-pressure gas acting immediately after the initial cutting seam. In addition, the high-combustion-heat metal base metal of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 emits a large amount of heat after detonation combustion, and the work-doing capability of high-temperature and high-pressure gas after explosive explosion is improved.
In use, an engineer can customize the opening angle and the opening direction of the excavation side energy gathering groove 101 and the profile surface energy gathering groove 102 of the three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1 and the pipe diameter of the three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1 according to the designed outline shape of the excavation rock surface, different rock properties and personal engineering experience, so that the radial decoupling coefficient of the device is adjusted.
In the blasting construction process, engineering technicians can summarize according to different working conditions and experiences, and the axial uncoupled charge coefficient and the internal charge structure inside the three-way energy-gathering grooved tube 1 are adjusted through the water bag or the air bag (or the combination of the water bag and the air bag), so that the blasting device is manufactured and assembled.
In addition, the engineering technicians can also design a reinforcing agent at the bottom of the blast hole and an orifice weakening agent (also can be a water bag or an air bag) so as to adjust the charging structures at the bottom of the blast hole and the orifice end; the blasting device is designed to reserve cavities and positions of the detonating cord at two ends of the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4, and the blasting device can be effectively connected with blast hole bottom explosives and orifice explosives by filling emulsion explosives in the cavities to stabilize the detonation, so that the blasting effect of the bottom of the blast hole and the orifice end is improved.
One function of the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2 is to seal the radially exposed explosive of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1, and the other function of the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece is to perform the retaining wall function. When the explosive is detonated, the semicircular nonmetal easily-gasified material of the protective wall cover plate clamping piece 2 effectively reduces the initial pressure of detonation waves when the explosive is detonated on one side of a protected rock surface in the axial direction of a blast hole, effectively inhibits the generation of explosion cracks on the protected rock surface and plays a role in protecting the wall (protective wall) of the blast hole on the rock surface; in addition, the small amount of clearance on the retaining wall cover card 2 side of the blasting device itself during explosive loading is beneficial to the retaining wall effect.
The tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 are mainly used for limiting and fixing the position of the detonating cord at the tail part and the head part of the three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1. The hole of the detonating cord in the middle of the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3 is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonating cord, and one end of the detonating cord can penetrate through the hole of the detonating cord and then be knotted for limiting; the other end of the explosion wire penetrates through the head explosion wire sleeve 4 and the head explosion wire clamping plate 5 in sequence, then the explosion wire is slightly supported by force, the head explosion wire clamping plate 5 is rotated and tightly pressed to the middle circular partition plate of the head explosion wire sleeve 4 to be attached, and therefore the explosion wire is clamped and fixed. The position and deflection of the detonating cord are controlled by the action of the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5, so that the radial detonation excitation point position of the explosive in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1 is controlled, and the purpose of accurately controlling the jet flow direction of the energy-gathering groove is achieved.
The two-end cavity positions reserved for the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are respectively used for conveniently loading emulsion explosive, and the existence of detonating cords in the two cavities is effectively continued with the explosive designed at the bottom of a blast hole and in an orifice, so that the aim of stable sympathetic explosion is fulfilled. Thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the charging structure at the bottom and the orifice end of the blast hole.
The three-way energy gathering groove pipe 1, the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece 2, the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve pipe 4 and the head detonating cord clamping plate 5 are assembled to form the blasting device, and then the blasting device is bonded with the hole internal fixing flexible support 6, so that the blasting device is arranged in the hole and positioned at the circular central axis position of the blast hole, and the purposes of limiting and fixing in the hole are achieved. The flexible pearl cotton material is adopted for convenient loading into the hole and effective limiting, and the hole is convenient to be loaded with an inclined plane.
Claims (10)
1. A rock mass control blasting device which is characterized in that: the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is characterized by comprising a three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1), wherein the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is detachably connected with a retaining wall cover plate clamping piece (2), the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) and the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece (2) form a blasting device main body, a tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle (3) and a head detonating cord sleeve (4) are respectively arranged at two ends of the blasting device main body, and a head detonating cord clamping plate (5) is arranged in the head detonating cord sleeve (4).
2. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) comprises an arc-shaped outline plate, the radius of the outer contour of the arc-shaped outline plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped outline plate is sunken towards one side of the circle center to form an excavation side energy-gathering groove (101), the excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) is gamma; the outer walls of the two end edges of the circular arc-shaped contour plate are recessed towards one side of the circle center to form a contour surface energy-gathering groove (102), the contour surface energy-gathering groove (102) is of a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy-gathering groove (102) is alpha; the value of alpha is 20-120 degrees, and the value of gamma is 20-120 degrees.
3. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the protective wall cover plate clamping piece (2) comprises an arc-shaped cover plate, and the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate is superposed with the axis of the arc-shaped outline plate; the two ends of the circular arc cover plate are provided with L-shaped bayonets, and the two ends of the circular arc contour plate are inserted into the L-shaped bayonets; the L-shaped bayonet comprises an arc-shaped clamping groove (201), the axis of the arc-shaped clamping groove (201) is overlapped with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped clamping groove (201) is beta.
4. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the values of alpha and gamma are 65 degrees, and the value of beta is 6-12 degrees; the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is coated with insulating paint, and the retaining wall cover plate clamping plate (2), the tail detonating cord supporting plate buckle (3), the head detonating cord sleeve pipe (4) and the head detonating cord clamping plate (5) are made of polyvinyl chloride; the wall thickness of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is 0.6-1 mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3-0.5 mm.
5. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3) comprises a concentric special-shaped circular plate, a concentric circular hole (303) is formed in the center of the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and the concentric circular hole (303) is used for penetrating and limiting a detonating cord; the concentric special-shaped circular plate comprises a first semicircular plate (301) and a second semicircular plate (302), and the circle centers of the first semicircular plate (301) and the second semicircular plate (302) are superposed; a plurality of V-shaped clamping plates (304) are arranged on the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and the V-shaped clamping plates (304) are attached to the excavation side energy gathering groove (101) and the profile surface energy gathering groove (102) from the inner side; the edge of the second semicircular plate (302) is provided with a semicircular protective cylinder (305); the lengths of the V-shaped clamping plate (304) and the semicircular protecting cylinder (305) are both b; the length of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is L, the length of the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece (2) is L1, the thickness of the concentric special-shaped circular plate is c, and L1= L + c.
6. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the head detonating cord sleeve (4) comprises a sleeve, a circular partition plate is arranged in the middle of the sleeve, the circular partition plate is provided with a first eccentric hole (401), the radius of the first eccentric hole (401) is r, the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole (401) is a, a detonating cord penetrates through the first eccentric hole (401), and r is larger than the radius of the detonating cord by 0.4-0.6 mm; the length of the circular partition plate and the edge of the sleeve is d, the inner diameter of the sleeve is R1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is R2.
7. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the head detonating cord buckle plate (5) is of a strip-shaped plate structure, the edges of two ends of the strip-shaped plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edges is R4, and the arc edges are used for being attached, clamped and limited with the inner wall of the sleeve of the head detonating cord sleeve (4); the width of the head detonating cord clamping plate (5) is 2d +2r, a second eccentric hole (501) is arranged on the head detonating cord clamping plate (5), the radius of the second eccentric hole (501) is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole (501) is a.
8. A rock mass control blasting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: downthehole fixed flexible support (6) have been cup jointed to blasting unit main part outside, and downthehole fixed flexible support (6) are equipped with concentric dysmorphism hole (601), and concentric dysmorphism hole (601) include first semicircle hole and second semicircle hole, and downthehole fixed flexible support (6) outer wall is the hexagon setting.
9. A method of blasting a rock mass control blasting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing a cylindrical plastic bag with the radius of R, injecting water or air into the cylindrical plastic bag, stopping when the water injection amount or the air injection amount is 35-45% of the capacity of the cylindrical plastic bag, and sealing the cylindrical plastic bag; preparing a water bag or an air bag, wherein the diameter of the water bag or the air bag is 5-30 mm smaller than the diameter D1 of the blast hole, the length of the water bag or the air bag is 10-20 cm, and the water bag or the air bag is filled with water or air and then sealed; preparing glue for fixing the flexible support (6), the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) and the wall protection cover plate clamping piece (2) in the fixing hole;
s2: spraying water to a working point by using a spraying device to eliminate static electricity, wherein one end of an opening of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is upward, and the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is horizontally placed and fixed;
s3: cutting off the detonating cord according to the length required by design, wherein one end of the detonating cord penetrates through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and then is knotted, the other end of the detonating cord penetrates through the head detonating cord sleeve (4) and the head detonating cord clamping plate (5) in sequence, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and the head detonating cord sleeve (4) are installed at the two ends of the three-way energy gathering groove pipe (1) and are sleeved tightly, the detonating cord at one end of the head detonating cord sleeve (4) is tensioned and is rotated to prop against the head detonating cord clamping plate (5), and the detonating cord is clamped, so that the detonating cord in the three-way energy gathering groove pipe (1) is tensioned and;
s4: marking in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) according to the design of a charging structure; placing the water bag or the air bag prepared in the step S1 into corresponding marking positions along the position of the detonating cord in a left-right mode, and clamping the detonating cord in the left-right mode to enable the detonating cord to be suspended in the original position all the time;
s5: filling emulsion explosive into the marked explosive-filled position in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1), and filling a small amount of the emulsion explosive for multiple times to ensure that no gap is filled in the explosive-filled cavity of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1); the filling amount of the opening of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) is required to submerge the whole excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) and cover more than two thirds of the two profile surface energy-gathering grooves (102), and the fullness of the emulsion explosive is based on that the emulsion explosive is not extruded by buckling the protective wall cover plate clamping piece (2);
s6: after the explosive filling positions marked in the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) are all filled up to be qualified, sleeving the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece (2) into the arc-shaped clamping groove (201) from the tail part of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1), and slowly pushing the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece (2) until the retaining wall cover plate clamping piece is contacted with the head detonating cord sleeve (4);
s7: cutting off the fixed flexible supports (6) in the holes along one side or two sides of the symmetry axis of the fixed flexible supports, after coating quick-drying glue on the inner cavity surface and the cut surface of the fixed flexible supports, adhering the fixed flexible supports to the assembled three-way energy-gathering grooved pipe (1) and the wall protection cover plate clamping piece (2), aligning the notches in the fixed flexible supports (6) in the holes, and setting the interval distance between every two adjacent fixed flexible supports (6) in the holes to be 60-120 cm;
s8: and (4) completing the manufacture of the single complete blasting device, circulating the steps S1-S7 to manufacture the required energy collecting devices one by one according to the number of the blasting devices required by single blasting, and putting the energy collecting devices into corresponding positions of blast holes to connect detonating cords to form a detonating network when in use.
10. A method of blasting a rock mass control blasting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein:
in step S2, the notches of the two profile shaped energy-gathering grooves (102) point to the connecting line direction of the pre-splitting or smooth blast hole; the notch of the excavation side energy-collecting groove (101) points to the direction of a buffer layer of presplitting blasting or a smooth blasting layer of smooth blasting;
in step S3, the detonating cord is cut according to the length required by design, one end of the detonating cord penetrates through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and is knotted, and the end head is controlled to be 15-25 mm after knotting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010698664.5A CN111692936A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method |
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| CN202010698664.5A CN111692936A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113357983A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 北京工业大学 | Assembled deep hole energy-gathering water pressure blasting device and using method thereof |
| CN113483605A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 绍兴文理学院 | Adjustable multi-directional energy-gathering blasting tube |
| CN113551571A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground tunneling blasting advanced wall protection and dust suppression method |
-
2020
- 2020-07-20 CN CN202010698664.5A patent/CN111692936A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113357983A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 北京工业大学 | Assembled deep hole energy-gathering water pressure blasting device and using method thereof |
| CN113483605A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 绍兴文理学院 | Adjustable multi-directional energy-gathering blasting tube |
| CN113551571A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground tunneling blasting advanced wall protection and dust suppression method |
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