CN111684936A - Secondary air layering propagation method for red bean trees - Google Patents
Secondary air layering propagation method for red bean trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN111684936A CN111684936A CN202010755250.1A CN202010755250A CN111684936A CN 111684936 A CN111684936 A CN 111684936A CN 202010755250 A CN202010755250 A CN 202010755250A CN 111684936 A CN111684936 A CN 111684936A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary air layering propagation method for a red bean tree, and belongs to the technical field of rare tree species asexual propagation. The two-time air layering propagation method for the red bean trees comprises container seedling selection, first air layering, container seedling topping and second air layering, wherein the method is characterized in that the first air layering forms a root system in about 20 days by means of an original root system of the container seedling, the second air layering forms a new root system in about 20 days after layering treatment by means of nutrition absorbed by the original root system of the container seedling and a new root system of the first air layering, and one container seedling can generate 3 effective individuals easy to survive. Therefore, the invention shortens the period of seedling cultivation, improves the survival rate of new individuals and the utilization rate of branches, and produces unexpected technical effects compared with the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rare tree species asexual propagation, and particularly relates to a red bean tree secondary air layering propagation method.
Background
The red bean tree (Ormosia hosiei hemsl. et Wils.) is the national second-level major protected wild plant. The tree is firm and heavy in material and unique in pattern, belongs to redwood wood, is a special economic high-grade material for office and residential high-grade decoration and manufacturing of Longquan sword scabbards, and has increasingly narrow distribution range and gradually exhausted wild resources due to high economic value and severe felling and utilization exceeding planting and growth speed of the tree.
The conventional seedling raising mode of the red bean trees mainly adopts seed propagation, but the red bean trees are late and unstable in flowering, generally bloom and bear fruits in 35 years, and enter a fruiting prosperity period after 50 years, so that the seed sources and the seed quantity are difficult to meet the market requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of slow rooting, difficult rooting, low survival rate, long cultivation period, high cultivation cost and the like of the existing cutting seedling raising technology of the red bean trees, and aims to provide an air layering cutting propagation method of the red bean trees, so as to reduce and avoid the rot of cutting slips, shorten the rooting period, improve the survival rate of cutting, reduce the cultivation cost and improve the market supply capacity of red bean tree seedlings.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for reproducing a red bean tree by secondary air layering, which comprises container seedling selection, primary air layering, container seedling topping and secondary air layering, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting container seedlings: selecting 1-2-year-old container seedlings of the red bean trees, wherein the ground diameter is more than or equal to 1.0cm, the tree height is more than or equal to 1m, and the healthy container seedlings have high lignification degree and no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage;
step two, layering in the air for the first time:
in the last ten days of 4 months, the daily average air temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃, the first air layering treatment is carried out on the selected container seedlings at a distance of 15-20 cm from the rhizome, rock wool containers are used in the treatment process, and the rooting condition is checked after 20-23 days of treatment;
step three, topping the container seedlings:
after the first-time air layering part starts to root, topping the container seedlings, cutting off branches and leaves which are not lignified at the tops of the seedlings, and performing full-light spray treatment on the container seedlings after topping, so that the container seedlings are kept warm and moisturized, and new leaves are promoted to sprout;
step four, secondary air layering:
after 19-22 days of topping, after new leaves grow out, carrying out secondary air layering, wherein layering positions are 20-25cm above the first air layering positions, and the secondary air layering method is the same as that of the first air layering; after 2-3 weeks, the roots of the air layering grow for the second time, the branches of the air layering for the first time and the branches of the air layering for the second time are cut off, the rock wool container plastic is removed, the rock wool container plastic is placed in a large-size non-woven fabric container, seedling raising substrates are filled, watering, fertilizing, managing and protecting are carried out, and transplanting is prepared.
Further, the first air layering processing in the second step specifically comprises: firstly, the phloem is stripped, 1/3 with the girdling width being the diameter of the girdling part is girdled, the rock wool container is used in time after girdling, the middle of the rock wool container is split, two halves are folded to wrap the girdling opening, the upper opening and the lower opening are tied by a black plastic bag, holes are drilled below the plastic, the air permeability is increased, and a dropper and an injection mode are adopted for moisturizing and water retention.
Further, the rock wool container is in a cylindrical shape with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 10 cm.
Furthermore, in the rock wool container used in the air layering process in the second step and the fourth step, a rooting powder solution needs to be soaked firstly, wherein the rooting powder solution is an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 200-500 mg/kg.
Further, the manufacturing method of the seedling substrate in the fourth step is as follows: mixing perlite: grass carbon: mixing vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.3, and spraying 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution for disinfection and sterilization after being exposed to sunlight and dried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the invention provides a novel technical scheme for the survival of the red bean trees through secondary air layering and transplanting with roots. According to the method, the original root system of the container seedling is used, the first-time air layering can form a root system in about 20 days, the conventional cuttage needs about 90-120 days at least to form the root system, and the second-time air layering forms a new root system in about 20 days after layering treatment by means of the original root system of the container seedling and the nutrition absorbed by the new root system of the first-time air layering. Thus, one container of seedlings can produce 3 effective, easily survivable individuals. The invention shortens the period of seedling cultivation, improves the survival rate of new individuals and the utilization rate of branches, and produces unexpected technical effects compared with the prior art;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: according to the invention, through a secondary air layering technology system, the actual survival rate after plant division is increased to more than 92% from about 40% -89% of the conventional cuttage and is far higher than that of the conventional cuttage mode of the red bean trees, the survival rate of vegetative propagation and seedling raising is improved, the cultivation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the method of the invention has simple and convenient operation, low cost and easy implementation and popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims, as may be amended by those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention.
Example 1
The method for reproducing the red bean trees by the secondary air layering comprises four steps of container seedling selection, primary air layering, container seedling topping and secondary air layering, and comprises the following steps:
(1) container seedling selection
The container seedlings of 2-year-old red bean trees are used as materials, the height of the seedlings is 1.2-1.5 m, the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage, the seedlings grow strongly, and the ground diameter is about 1.0-1.2 cm.
(2) First-time air layering
The date is 4 months and 2 days, the average daily temperature is about 15 ℃, the container seedlings selected in the step (1) are subjected to air layering treatment at the position 20cm away from the rhizomes (or above the surface of the container seedling substrate), firstly, the phloem is stripped, 1/3 with the width being the diameter of the girdling part is girdled, the container is wrapped by a rock wool container in time after girdling, the container is bound and tied tightly by black plastics, holes are punched below the container for ventilation, the germ infection is avoided, and the callus formation is promoted; the rock wool is soaked in rooting powder solution with concentration of 200 mg/kg ABT rooting powder solution. After 20 days, the rooting condition of the callus is checked, and the container seedling topping work can be started after the rooting.
(3) Topping of container seedlings
The container seedling is topped to promote lateral bud germination and lateral branch growth, and the branches and leaves of the container seedling without lignification are cut off, and the container seedling is protected with full light spray after being trimmed, so that the container seedling is kept warm and moisturized, the lateral bud germination at the top end is promoted, and the new leaf growth is promoted. After about 20 days, new leaves grew out and a second air layering was performed.
(4) Secondary air press strip
After new leaves grow out in the step (3), carrying out secondary air layering treatment on the position 30cm below the top end of the container seedling (or the position 25cm-30cm above the first air layering position (or the position more than 6 buds)), wherein the treatment technology is the same as the step (2), soaking rock wool containers in ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 500 mg/kg, wrapping and tightening by using black plastic, punching and ventilating, checking rooting conditions about 20 days after treatment, cutting down the branches subjected to primary and secondary air layering treatment with root-carrying containers, transplanting the branches into a prepared large container, watering and rooting, fertilizing, managing and protecting, and preparing for transplanting.
In the embodiment, 50 container seedlings are selected and treated by a secondary air layering technical method, finally, the survival roots and the survival 48 plants are obtained, the actual survival rate is 96 percent, 144 plants (48 x 3) of effective meristematic individuals are obtained, the total consumption time is far higher than that of a conventional cuttage technical method, and is about 70 days, and the total consumption time is lower than that of conventional cuttage rooting (90-120 days). The effect is obvious.
Example 2
Example 2 the following measures are different, and the remaining measures are the same as those in example 1 and are not repeated.
(1) Selection of container seedlings
Selecting 45 seedlings of 2-year-old container of red bean trees, wherein the heights of the selected red bean trees are all about 1.5m, the diameter of a first air layering position is more than or equal to 0.7mm, and the distance from the first air layering position to a root stem is 30 cm.
(2) First-time air layering
The period is 5 months and 1 day, the daily average temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, the girdling treatment is carried out on the selected container seedlings about 30cm away from the rhizome, and the width is 1/2 of the diameter of the girdling part.
(3) Topping of container seedlings
20 days after the container seedlings are layered in the air for the first time, after root systems grow out, topping the container seedlings, carrying out full-light spray management and protection on the topped container seedlings, and spraying 700-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil for disinfection and sterilization once.
(4) Secondary air press strip
And (3) soaking the rock wool container in an indoleacetic acid solution (indoleacetic acid aqueous solution) with the concentration of 800 mg/L for the second time.
In the embodiment, the total time is 75 days, 45 container seedlings are successfully treated by the secondary air layering technology, the total number of the 45 container seedlings is 42, 122 seedlings are effectively separated (126 seedlings are needed, but 4 seedlings die due to insufficient management and protection), and the actual survival rate is 92%.
Example 3
Example 3 the following measures are the same as in example 1, and are not repeated.
(1) Container seedling selection
60 1-year-old red bean container seedlings are selected, and the height of the selected red bean plant is 1.0 m.
(2) First-time air layering
The treatment was started on 5 months and 6 days, with a daily average temperature of about 20 ℃. And carrying out first air layering treatment at a position 20cm above the rhizome.
(3) Topping of container seedlings
The annual container seedlings have more non-lignified parts, the height of the top-cutting part is about 20cm, the height of the rest seedlings is about 80cm, and new leaves grow after 21 days.
(4) Secondary air press strip
And (3) carrying out second air layering at the position 6 buds above the first air layering position, wherein the rooting powder solution in the rock wool container is ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 500 mg/kg.
In the example, it takes 75 days for 60 container seedlings, of which 56 seedlings are successfully obtained, 168 effective seedlings are obtained, and the actual survival rate is 93.3%.
The above examples show that the method of the invention can increase the number of the divided plants, reduce the occurrence of cutting rot in the conventional cuttage and ensure that the actual survival rate is stabilized above 92%. The method overcomes the defects in the conventional cuttage technology, has the characteristics of simplicity, easy operation, low cost, high benefit, easy popularization and the like, and can meet the market demand of the red bean tree propagation.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for reproducing the red bean trees by the secondary air layering comprises container seedling selection, primary air layering, container seedling topping and secondary air layering, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, selecting container seedlings: selecting 1-2-year-old container seedlings of the red bean trees, wherein the ground diameter is more than or equal to 1.0cm, the tree height is more than or equal to 1m, and the healthy container seedlings have high lignification degree and no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage;
step two, layering in the air for the first time:
in last ten days of 4 months, the daily average air temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃, the first air layering treatment is carried out on the selected container seedlings at a distance of 15-20 cm from the rhizome, rock wool containers are used in the treatment process, and the rooting condition is checked after 20-23 days of treatment;
step three, topping the container seedlings:
after the first-time air layering part starts to root, topping the container seedlings, cutting off branches and leaves which are not lignified at the tops of the seedlings, and performing full-light spray treatment on the container seedlings after topping, so that the container seedlings are kept warm and moisturized, and new leaves are promoted to sprout;
step four, secondary air layering:
after 19-22 days of topping, after new leaves grow out, carrying out secondary air layering, wherein layering positions are 20-25cm above the first air layering positions, and the secondary air layering method is the same as that of the first air layering; after 2-3 weeks, the roots of the air layering grow for the second time, the branches of the air layering for the first time and the branches of the air layering for the second time are cut off, the rock wool container plastic is removed, the rock wool container plastic is placed in a large-size non-woven fabric container, seedling raising substrates are filled, watering, fertilizing, managing and protecting are carried out, and transplanting is prepared.
2. The method for propagating the red bean trees according to the claim 1, wherein the first air layering treatment in the second step is specifically as follows: firstly, the phloem is stripped, 1/3 with the girdling width being the diameter of the girdling part is girdled, the rock wool container is used in time after girdling, the middle of the rock wool container is split, two halves are folded to wrap the girdling opening, the upper opening and the lower opening are tied by a black plastic bag, holes are drilled below the plastic, the air permeability is increased, and a dropper and an injection mode are adopted for moisturizing and water retention.
3. The method for secondary air layering propagation of the red bean trees according to claim 2, wherein the rock wool container is in a cylindrical shape with a height of 10cm and a diameter of 10 cm.
4. The two-time air layering propagation method for the red bean trees according to claim 1, wherein in the second step and the fourth step, a rock wool container used in the air layering process needs to be soaked with a rooting powder solution, wherein the rooting powder solution is an ABT rooting powder solution with a concentration of 200-500 mg/kg.
5. The two-time air layering propagation method for the red bean trees according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method of the seedling substrate in the fourth step is as follows: mixing perlite: grass carbon: mixing vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.3, and spraying 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution for disinfection and sterilization after being exposed to sunlight and dried.
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