CN112772254A - Water-saving cultivation method for jujube trees - Google Patents
Water-saving cultivation method for jujube trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772254A CN112772254A CN202110035671.1A CN202110035671A CN112772254A CN 112772254 A CN112772254 A CN 112772254A CN 202110035671 A CN202110035671 A CN 202110035671A CN 112772254 A CN112772254 A CN 112772254A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving cultivation method for jujube trees, and relates to the field of jujube tree cultivation. The water-saving cultivation method of the jujube trees comprises the following steps: land preparation and fertilization; ridging and planting jujube trees in furrows; and laying an irrigation system, wherein the irrigation system comprises: arranging longitudinal sand pipes on two sides of each jujube tree, wherein each sand pipe is positioned in the furrow, and the sand pipes are distributed towards the row direction of the jujube trees; and fine sand is filled in each sand pipe, and the particle size of the fine sand is 2-3 mm. The water-saving cultivation method for the jujube trees, provided by the invention, realizes efficient water collection and infiltration of micro-rainfall, improves the utilization rate of rainfall, can effectively reduce the water consumption for irrigation, has scientific water infiltration speed and depth, fully absorbs water from the roots of the jujube trees with shallow surface layers, is favorable for rapid growth of the jujube trees and improves the jujube yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of jujube tree cultivation, in particular to a jujube tree water-saving cultivation method.
Background
The jujube tree is a main economic tree species in China and is particularly important for the economic development of saline-alkali areas. With the continuous highlighting of the problem of water resource shortage, the efficient and water-saving cultivation of jujube trees becomes a research hotspot. The film-covered furrow cultivation is to prolong the effectiveness of plant water by collecting slight rainfall and reserving surface runoff with strong rainfall, and is particularly suitable for arid and semi-arid regions. The sand pipe irrigation is a novel irrigation mode that a cylindrical shallow pit is dug on the ground surface, and after coarse sand replaces soil, water is supplied through a flow guide pipe or other modes. The sand pipe irrigation can reduce the surface wetting and directly wet the water below the surface, and the utilization efficiency of the irrigation water is obviously improved.
The patent CN 102792873B discloses a forest well type water-saving irrigation method, which directly irrigates water into root soil of Chinese dates through a conventional drip irrigation system and transverse leakage of a vertical well pipe with holes, improves the water utilization efficiency and has obvious water-saving effect. However, the vertical well pipe with the hole is a hard material pipe with the diameter of 40-60 cm, no filler is filled in the pipe, drip irrigation water directly drips into the pipe for infiltration, the problem of groundwater seepage exists, the drip irrigation water quickly infiltrates downwards under the action of gravity, a wet soil body exceeds a main water absorption part of a root system, the root system of the forest on a shallow surface layer is lack of water, the normal growth of the forest is influenced, and the lower infiltration is too deep, so that the irrigation water is wasted; meanwhile, the hard material pipe increases the investment of irrigation engineering, and meanwhile, the hard material pipe is not filled with any material and is directly exposed in the air, so that the moisture of soil around the pipe can be reduced, and the deep soil is quickly dried. According to the invention, the vertical well pipe with the hole is set to be 20cm deep, fine sand with the grain diameter of 2-3 mmm is filled as a water storage body, and water is subjected to the resistance of the fine sand when the water is infiltrated downwards in the fine sand, so that the effect of slow water infiltration is achieved, the humidity of soil around the pipe and the supply of water of a shallow root system can be ensured, and the increase of evaporation caused by drip irrigation and water collection on the earth surface can be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-saving jujube tree cultivation method, which aims to solve the problem that the well-type water-saving irrigation is too fast and deep in water infiltration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees, which comprises the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization;
ridging and planting jujube trees in furrows; and
laying an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprising:
arranging longitudinal sand pipes on two sides of each jujube tree, wherein each sand pipe is positioned in the furrow, and the sand pipes are distributed towards the row direction of the jujube trees;
and fine sand is filled in each sand pipe, and the particle size of the fine sand is 2-3 mm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the soil preparation and fertilization comprises:
250 mm and 350mm of deep ploughing soil; and
performing a trench fertilization in soil, the trench fertilization comprising:
in the ditch with the depth of 550-650mm, the soil turned out from the ditch is mixed with any one of pig manure, sheep manure or organic green grass wet compost and then is filled into the ditch.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fertilizing amount of the ditching fertilization comprises the following steps:
1300-1420 kg/mu of pig manure; or
1400 kg/mu of sheep manure; or
The organic green grass wet composting is 1500-.
As a further improvement of the invention, the plant-row spacing for planting jujube trees is 1500mm multiplied by 3500 mm;
the distance between the sand pipe and the jujube tree is 300mm, the pipe diameter of the sand pipe is 10cm, and the height of the sand pipe is 20-35 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the ridge surfaces of the ridges are of arc structures, so that water on the ridge surfaces flows into the furrows.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method also comprises the steps of covering a film on the ridge and arranging a water supply system;
the water supply system includes:
and laying a water supply pipe on the slope surface of the ridge along the trend of the slope surface, wherein the water supply pipe is communicated with a flow guide pipe, and the other end of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the top of the sand pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, fine sand is paved in the furrow;
the paving width of the fine sand is 100-150mm, and the paving thickness is 80-160 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fine sand paving comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer from top to bottom:
sand stones with the grain diameter of 3-5mm are laid on the first layer;
the second layer is paved with gravels with the grain diameter of 1-2 mm;
the second layer is paved with sand stones with the grain diameter of 0.2-1 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method also comprises the following steps of selecting and pretreating the jujube tree seedlings before the jujube tree is planted:
the selection and pretreatment of the jujube saplings comprise:
selecting 1-2 year old jujube tree seedlings with root length of 15-20 cm;
under the aseptic condition, the tail end of the root system of the jujube sapling is subjected to bark breaking treatment, the proportion of bark breaking is 20-30% of the total root system length, and the opening length is 1.5-3 cm; and
carrying out root soaking treatment on the jujube seedlings subjected to the bark breaking treatment, wherein the root soaking treatment comprises the following steps:
mixing rooting powder, gibberellin, alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:50:1000, and soaking the root system of the jujube saplings for 2 hours.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method also comprises irrigation and fertilization management;
the irrigation management comprises the following steps:
watering for 1 time in the sprouting and leaf spreading period of the jujube trees, wherein the watering amount is 200-300m3/hm 2;
irrigating water for 3 times in the flowering and fruit setting period, wherein the water irrigation amount is 200-300m3/hm2 each time;
irrigating water for 4 times in the fruit expansion period, wherein the water irrigation amount is 200-300m3/hm2 each time;
irrigating water for 1 time in the fruit mature period, wherein the irrigation amount is 200-400m3/hm 2; and
irrigating water for 1 time 15-20 days after fruits are picked, wherein the irrigation amount is 200-400m3/hm 2;
the fertilization management comprises the following steps:
when water is irrigated in the sprouting and leaf-expanding period of the jujube trees, 0.20-0.25kg of compound fertilizer is applied per tree along with the irrigation, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the compound fertilizer is 2:1: 2; and
in the flowering and fruit setting period and the flowering and fruit setting period of the jujube trees, 0.25-0.30kg of urea is applied per plant by watering for the first time along each period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the water-saving cultivation method for the jujube trees, the longitudinal sand pipes are arranged on the two sides of the jujube trees fixedly planted in the furrows, and fine sand with the grain diameter of 2-3mm is filled in each sand pipe, so that efficient water collection infiltration of micro rainfall is realized, the utilization rate of rainfall is improved, the irrigation water consumption is effectively reduced, the water infiltration speed and the water infiltration depth are scientific, the roots of the jujube trees on the superficial layers absorb water fully, the rapid growth of the jujube trees is facilitated, and the jujube yield is improved. In addition, the water-saving cultivation method for the jujube trees provided by the invention reduces the evaporation of soil between plants by reducing the horizontal infiltration of surface water, realizes the purpose of saving irrigation water consumption, and is particularly suitable for jujube tree cultivation in arid regions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a watering system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a watering system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sand filling hole of a sand pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a test of irrigation of a field with a sand pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the sand pipe irrigation, the flow guide pipe outflow and the furrow irrigation yield of jujube trees under different irrigation amounts according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a soil infiltration test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a point source infiltration map of a conventional flat earth surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a point source infiltration diagram of a flat surface with a shallow pit filled with fine sand having a particle size of 0.25-0.5mm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a point source infiltration diagram of a flat surface with a shallow pit filled with fine sand having a particle size of 0.5-1.0mm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a point source infiltration diagram of a flat surface with 1.0-2.0mm diameter fine sand filled in a shallow pit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a point source infiltration diagram of a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand having a particle size of 2.0-3.0mm according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a point source infiltration diagram of a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand having a particle size of 3.0-5.0mm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a comparison diagram of the wetting ratio of different fine sand sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-jujube sapling; 2-a flow guide pipe; 3-a water supply pipe; 4-ridging; 5-a sand pipe; 6-a moist body; 7-coating a film; 8-laying a fine sand layer; 9-furrow construction.
Concrete embodiment Fangshi
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example was carried out at the experimental station (38 ° 73 'N, 103 ° 01' E) for the civil service county, Ministry, Gansu province, and the forestry, 4-10 months in 2020. The test average altitude is 1360m, belongs to the temperate continental extremely dry climate and has obvious gobi desert climate characteristics. In the frost-free period 162d, the illumination is sufficient, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the average annual temperature is 7.8 ℃, the rainwater is rare, the wind is large and much sand is generated, the evaporation on the ground surface is strong, the annual average precipitation is 110mm, and the annual average evaporation is 2644 mm. The soil type of the test area is sandy loam, and the dry volume weight of the soil is 1.5g/cm3The field water capacity (mass water content) was 20%.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4 together, the method for water-saving cultivation of jujube trees includes the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and fertilization: mechanically deep ploughing the soil for 250 mm and 350mm to soften the soil; ditching is carried out in the soil in spring, the soil turned out from the ditch is mixed with the pig manure and then filled into the ditch, wherein the depth of the ditch is 550-650mm, and the application amount of the pig manure is 1300-1420 kg/mu. It should be noted that the pig manure in the ditching fertilization can be replaced by sheep manure or organic green grass wet compost, wherein the application amount of the sheep manure is 1400-1600 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic green grass wet compost is 1500-1600 kg/mu.
S2, selecting and preprocessing jujube saplings: selecting 1-2 year old jujube tree seedlings with root length of 15-20 cm; under the aseptic condition, the tail end of the root system of the jujube sapling is subjected to bark breaking treatment, the proportion of bark breaking is 20-30% of the total length of the root system, the opening length is 1.5-3cm, and the jujube sapling subjected to the bark breaking treatment is subjected to root soaking treatment, wherein the root soaking treatment comprises the following steps: mixing rooting powder, gibberellin, alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:50:1000, and soaking root systems of the jujube saplings for 2 hours.
S3, ridging 4, and paving fine sand 8 in the furrow 9: in order to collect rainwater and make the rainwater flow to the furrow fast, make the arc structure ridge 4 of 200mm high, and lay the width in furrow 9 and be 100 and give other attention to 150mm, the fine sand layer that thickness is 80-160mm, fine sand is laid including first layer, second floor and the third layer from top to bottom: wherein, the first layer is paved with gravels with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm; the second layer is paved with sand stones with the grain diameter of 1-2 mm; the second layer is paved with sand stones with the grain diameter of 0.2-1 mm.
S4, planting the jujube trees 1 in the furrow 9: then planting the pretreated jujube tree seedlings in the furrows 9 according to the plant-row spacing of 1500mm multiplied by 3500 mm.
S5, laying an irrigation system: the two sides of each jujube tree 1 are respectively provided with a longitudinal sand pipe 5, each sand pipe 5 is positioned in the furrow 9, the sand pipes 5 are distributed towards the row direction of the jujube trees 1, and each sand pipe 5 is filled with fine sand with the grain diameter of 2-3 mm. Wherein the distance between the sand pipe 5 and the jujube tree 1 is 300mm, the pipe diameter of the sand pipe 5 is 10cm, and the height is 20-35 cm.
S6, covering a film 7 on the ridge;
s7, setting a water supply system: and a water supply pipe 3 is laid on the slope surface of the ridge 4 along the trend of the slope surface, the water supply pipe 3 is communicated with a flow guide pipe 2, and the other end of the flow guide pipe 2 is communicated with the top of a sand pipe 5.
S8, irrigation management: irrigating for 1 time in the sprouting and leaf-spreading period of jujube tree, wherein the irrigation quantity is 200-300m3/hm2(ii) a Irrigating for 3 times in the flowering and fruit setting period, wherein the irrigation quantity is 200-300m3/hm2(ii) a Water is added for 4 times in the fruit expanding period, and the water adding amount is 200-300m3/hm2(ii) a Irrigating for 1 time in the mature period of the fruit with the irrigation quantity of 200-400m3/hm2(ii) a Irrigating for 1 time 15-20 days after fruit picking, with the irrigation amount of 200-400m3/hm2；
S9, fertilization management: when water is irrigated in the sprouting and leaf-expanding period of the jujube trees, 0.20-0.25kg of compound fertilizer is applied per tree along with the irrigation, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the compound fertilizer is 2:1: 2; in the flowering and fruit setting period and the flowering and fruit setting period of the jujube trees, 0.25-0.30kg of urea is applied per plant by watering for the first time along each period.
The present embodiment also sets the effect of different irrigation types and irrigation amounts on the jujube yield, as detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparative analysis of yield for different water control irrigation types
As can be seen from the table 1, the sand pipe irrigation yield is obviously higher than the flow outlet yield of the flow guide pipe under the condition of the same irrigation amount, and the water utilization efficiency is also improved. The furrow irrigation yield is relatively high because the irrigation quantity is larger, but the utilization efficiency of irrigation water is lowest. Therefore, the sand pipe irrigation in the arid region is an efficient water-saving yield-increasing irrigation mode.
In addition, the present inventors studied the effect of fine sands with different particle sizes on the horizontal infiltration capacity of the soil, please refer to fig. 6 to 12 together. Wherein, fig. 6 shows a soil infiltration test apparatus; FIG. 7 shows a conventional flat earth surface point source infiltration map; FIG. 8 shows a plot of point source infiltration from a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand of 0.25-0.5mm particle size; FIG. 9 shows a plot of point source infiltration from a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand of 0.5-1.0mm particle size; FIG. 10 shows a plot of point source infiltration from a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand of 1.0-2.0mm particle size; FIG. 11 shows a plot of point source infiltration from a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand of 2.0-3.0mm particle size; FIG. 12 shows a plot of point source infiltration from a flat surface with shallow pits filled with fine sand of 3.0-5.0mm particle size.
As shown in fig. 6, the soil infiltration test apparatus is composed of a plexiglass box, a constant pressure mahalanobis bottle (providing a stable 2m head), a drip tape, test sand, and the like. The size of the organic glass box is 900mm multiplied by 900mm, the drip irrigation tape is produced by Israel NETAFIM company, the distance between drippers is 300mm, the actually measured flow is 16.23g/min, sand grains are taken from a certain natural sand dune in the big beach and the county of civil service, and the sand grains with different grain sizes are screened by a standard sieve.
In order to facilitate observation of the vertical infiltration condition of the soil point source, the drip irrigation tape is arranged close to the edge of the glass box. 6 water guide devices are arranged under the drippers:
test A: point source infiltration on a common flat ground surface, as shown in fig. 7;
test B: filling flat earth surface point source infiltration with fine sand with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5mm in a cylindrical shallow pit with the bottom surface diameter and the height of 80mm as shown in figure 8;
test C: filling flat earth surface point source infiltration with fine sand with the grain diameter of 0.5-1.0mm in a cylindrical shallow pit with the bottom surface diameter and the height of 80mm as shown in figure 9;
test D: filling flat earth surface point source infiltration of fine sand with the grain diameter of 1.0-2.0mm in a cylindrical shallow pit with the bottom surface diameter and the height of 80mm as shown in figure 10;
test E: a cylindrical shallow pit with the bottom surface diameter and the height of 80mm is filled with fine sand with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, and the point source infiltration on the flat ground surface is shown in figure 11;
test F: the cylindrical shallow pits with the bottom surface diameter and the height of 80mm are filled with flat ground surface point source infiltration of fine sand with the grain diameter of 3-5mm, as shown in figure 12.
Test soil: sandy loam taken from the Min-Duty county-Feng forestry laboratory station (38 degrees 73 'N, 103 degrees 01' E) in Gansu province; air drying soil, pulverizing, sieving with 2mm sieve mesh, filling in every 50mm layer, and soil volume weight of 1.39g/cm3The porosity was 56%.
The test method comprises the following steps: when water drops begin, the horizontal infiltration distance and the vertical downward infiltration distance are recorded according to the principle of 3min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 60min and 120 min. The horizontal infiltration distance is directly measured by a ruler; when the soil is infiltrated vertically, the boundary line between the dry soil and the wet soil can be obviously seen on the organic glass box, a wetting front curve is drawn on the glass box by strokes of marks, and then the wet front curve is measured by a ruler. Each set of experiments was repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken as the test result.
Test results and analysis: when irrigation is finished (234min), the horizontal maximum wetting front of the water guide device E is 8cm below a 0 point in the horizontal direction, the maximum infiltration distance is 21.7cm, the vertical maximum distances of A-E are respectively 23.2, 24.2, 27.0, 27.7, 30.1 and 25.4cm, and the vertical infiltration distance of the water guide device E is maximum. Comparing the shapes of the wetting bodies, wherein only the horizontal wetting front of the comparison A is larger than the vertical wetting front when irrigation is finished, and the shape of the comparison A is similar to a semi-ellipsoid; the wetting bodies of the water guide devices B-F are all vertical wetting fronts larger than horizontal wetting fronts; B. c, E is approximately a combination of a cylinder and an ellipsoid in the wet body shape, D is approximately a combination of a cylinder and a cone in the wet body shape, and F shows an irregular shape in the wet body shape.
As shown in fig. 13, the wetting ratio of test E was the smallest by the maximum wetting ratio and surface wetting ratio analysis. Therefore, the sand pipe irrigation with the grain diameter of 2-3mm reduces the horizontal infiltration capacity of the soil, increases the infiltration of the soil in the vertical direction and is beneficial to reducing invalid water evaporation among soil plants. Therefore, the sand pipe of the invention is filled with fine sand with the grain diameter of 2-3 mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation and fertilization;
ridging and planting jujube trees in furrows; and
laying an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprising:
arranging longitudinal sand pipes on two sides of each jujube tree, wherein each sand pipe is positioned in the furrow, and the sand pipes are distributed towards the row direction of the jujube trees;
and fine sand is filled in each sand pipe, and the particle size of the fine sand is 2-3 mm.
2. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation and fertilization comprises:
250 mm and 350mm of deep ploughing soil; and
performing a trench fertilization in soil, the trench fertilization comprising:
in the ditch with the depth of 550-650mm, the soil turned out from the ditch is mixed with any one of pig manure, sheep manure or organic green grass wet compost and then is filled into the ditch.
3. The water-saving cultivation method for the jujube trees according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizing amount of the ditching fertilization comprises the following steps:
1300-1420 kg/mu of pig manure; or
1400 kg/mu of sheep manure; or
The organic green grass wet composting is 1500-.
4. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that the row spacing of the planted jujube trees is 1500mm x 3500 mm;
the distance between the sand pipe and the jujube tree is 300mm, the pipe diameter of the sand pipe is 10cm, and the height of the sand pipe is 20-35 cm.
5. The water-saving cultivation method of the jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein the ridge surfaces of the ridges are arc-shaped structures so that water on the ridge surfaces flows into the furrows.
6. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, the method further comprises covering the ridge with a film and providing a water supply system;
the water supply system includes:
and laying a water supply pipe on the slope surface of the ridge along the trend of the slope surface, wherein the water supply pipe is communicated with a flow guide pipe, and the other end of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the top of the sand pipe.
7. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that fine sand is laid in the furrows;
the paving width of the fine sand is 100-150mm, and the paving thickness is 80-160 mm.
8. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 7, wherein the fine sand laying comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer from top to bottom:
sand stones with the grain diameter of 3-5mm are laid on the first layer;
the second layer is paved with gravels with the grain diameter of 1-2 mm;
the second layer is paved with sand stones with the grain diameter of 0.2-1 mm.
9. The water-saving cultivation method of the jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the steps of selecting and preprocessing the jujube seedlings before the jujube trees are planted:
the selection and pretreatment of the jujube saplings comprise:
selecting 1-2 year old jujube tree seedlings with root length of 15-20 cm;
under the aseptic condition, the tail end of the root system of the jujube sapling is subjected to bark breaking treatment, the proportion of bark breaking is 20-30% of the total root system length, and the opening length is 1.5-3 cm; and
carrying out root soaking treatment on the jujube seedlings subjected to the bark breaking treatment, wherein the root soaking treatment comprises the following steps:
mixing rooting powder, gibberellin, alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:50:1000, and soaking the root system of the jujube saplings for 2 hours.
10. The water-saving cultivation method of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising irrigation and fertilization management;
the irrigation management comprises the following steps:
irrigating for 1 time in the sprouting and leaf-spreading period of jujube tree, wherein the irrigation quantity is 200-300m3/hm2；
Irrigating for 3 times in the flowering and fruit setting period, wherein the irrigation quantity is 200-300m3/hm2；
Water is added for 4 times in the fruit expanding period, and the water adding amount is 200-300m3/hm2；
Irrigating for 1 time in the mature period of the fruit with the irrigation quantity of 200-400m3/hm2(ii) a And
irrigating for 1 time 15-20 days after fruit picking, wherein the irrigation amount is 200-400m3/hm2；
The fertilization management comprises the following steps:
when water is irrigated in the sprouting and leaf-expanding period of the jujube trees, 0.20-0.25kg of compound fertilizer is applied per tree along with the irrigation, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the compound fertilizer is 2:1: 2; and
in the flowering and fruit setting period and the flowering and fruit setting period of the jujube trees, 0.25-0.30kg of urea is applied per plant by watering for the first time along each period.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113330977A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-03 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Method for large-scale breeding and afforestation of tamarix chinensis |
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| CN113330977A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-03 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Method for large-scale breeding and afforestation of tamarix chinensis |
| CN114375754A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-22 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving cultivation method for jujube orchard in arid region and application of water-saving cultivation method in cost reduction and quality improvement |
| CN114532188A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-27 | 云南农业大学 | Environment-friendly efficient water circulating device for agricultural planting sprinkling irrigation |
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