CN117243059A - Efficient artificial mixed-seeding grassland planting method - Google Patents
Efficient artificial mixed-seeding grassland planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117243059A CN117243059A CN202311033739.8A CN202311033739A CN117243059A CN 117243059 A CN117243059 A CN 117243059A CN 202311033739 A CN202311033739 A CN 202311033739A CN 117243059 A CN117243059 A CN 117243059A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001144320 Festuca elata Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001098499 Lanceolata Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002489 tectorial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pasture cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency artificial mixed-seeding grassland planting method, which comprises the following steps: spreading a base fertilizer; ploughing the land; paving a drip irrigation belt; coating a film; sowing; three pastures were taken from mid-late March to early March: alfalfa (medical sativa l.), festuca arundinacea (Festuca elata Keng ex e.alexeev), plantain longifolia (Plantaga lanceolata l.) were sown in a different-row hill-drop manner with a mixed sowing ratio of 1:1:1, the seeding rate is: 22.5kg hm of alfalfa ‑2 45kg hm of festuca arundinacea ‑2 7.5kg hm of plantain herb ‑2 Planting by a hand-push type multifunctional dibble planter, wherein the planting depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 7.5cm; managing; harvesting. The planting method can effectively and reasonably utilize the resources such as space, illumination, heat, moisture and the like, thereby increasing the yield of pasture; can also reduce competition for soil nutrient elements, reduce the usage amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and improveSoil structure improves soil fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pasture cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency artificial mixed-sowing grassland planting method.
Background
High-productivity pasture in artificial grasslands often needs high water and fertilizer cooperation and has the characteristic of high transpiration water consumption, so that soil water deficiency in arid areas is aggravated, soil desiccation is caused by continuous planting for many years, biological soil drought is formed, and grassland degradation is accelerated. The water consumption for artificial grasslands is far higher than that of natural grasslands, the requirements on the local water conditions are fully considered, and the water consumption is not increased in the ecological fragile areas, so that the water-saving irrigation needs to be greatly developed.
The artificial grassland is planted as an important measure for animal husbandry development and ecological restoration of degraded grassland, and the stability research has great strategic significance for sustainable development of grassland ecological system and ecological civilization construction. The serious lack of water resources is a primary factor limiting the construction of the artificial grasslands, so that the selection of an advanced and feasible water-saving irrigation technology is a key for solving the problem of the construction and planting of the artificial grasslands. The pasture irrigation in China mainly uses sprinkling irrigation, although the water-saving effect is obvious in the early growth stage of the pasture, after the pasture branching period, the air temperature is higher, the branches and leaves of the pasture intercept part of irrigation water, the evaporation capacity is large, the waste is serious, and the pasture irrigation device is particularly outstanding in arid desert regions in the river and the western.
Therefore, research on a water-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency artificial grassland construction method is needed at present, and the construction method has very important significance for promoting the industrialized production of local grasslands, increasing the income of farmers, promoting the transfer of labor force, improving ecological environment and improving land utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency artificial mixed-seeding grassland planting method, which solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the efficient artificial mixed sowing grassland planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, spreading a base fertilizer;
step two, ploughing the land;
step three, paving a drip irrigation belt;
step four, film coating;
step five, sowing; three pastures were taken in mid-late March to early July: the alfalfa, the festuca arundinacea and the plantain herb are sown in a different-row hole sowing mode, and the mixed sowing proportion is 1:1:1, the seeding rate is: 22.5kg hm of alfalfa -2 45kg hm of festuca arundinacea -2 7.5kg hm of plantain herb -2 Planting by a hand-push type multifunctional dibble planter, wherein the planting depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 7.5cm;
step six, management;
and step seven, harvesting.
Preferably, in the first step, a proper fertilization type and fertilization amount are selected according to the local practical situation.
Preferably, in the second step, the mechanically ploughed land is 25-30cm.
Preferably, in the third step, the drip irrigation tape (pipe) is buried in the soil under the ground at a depth of 5-10cm, and the soil is covered and fixed in a shallow buried manner.
Preferably, in step four, a 1.4m wide plastic polyethylene black film (0.014 mm thickness) is applied to the earth's surface.
Preferably, in the sixth step, irrigation is performed by adopting an underground drip irrigation mode, and the irrigation time and the irrigation quota are determined according to the soil texture and the crop evaporation and transpiration quantity; according to the distribution characteristics of pasture roots, the planned wetting depth is 60cm; setting the upper limit and the lower limit of irrigation as 90% of field water holding capacity and 60% of field water holding capacity according to the local soil characteristics; the irrigation quota is calculated according to the formula (1); the irrigation time is determined according to the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and the crop evapotranspiration is calculated according to a formula (2); when the accumulated ETc reaches the set irrigation quota, irrigation is carried out smoothly when rainfall exists in the period, and the irrigation water quantity is the preset irrigation quota minus the effective rainfall; winter irrigation is carried out before winter planting is carried out every year after planting, and the irrigation quota is 100mm;
W＝10HP(ITHRU-ITHRD) (1)
wherein W is the irrigation quota (mm); h is the planned wetting layer thickness (cm); p is the wetting ratio, 80% is taken; ITHRU and ITHRD are upper and lower irrigation limits (cm) 3 cm -3 )。
ET C ＝K C ×ET 0 (2)
Wherein ETc is crop evaporation transpiration (mm); ET (electric T) 0 To reference crop transpiration (mm), weather data was acquired using an automated weather station of the test station, and ET was calculated using the Penman-montith formula according to FAO-56 recommendations 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Kc is alfalfa crop coefficients of 0.40, 1.20 and 1.15 for early, late, mid and mid-growth, respectively.
Preferably, in the seventh step, the alfalfa is mowed in the early flowering stage, 3-4 times per year, and the stubble height is 5-6cm.
Compared with the traditional mixed seeding method, the method selects three kinds of pastures with different species for mixed seeding, and has the following steps
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the planting method can effectively and reasonably utilize the resources such as space, illumination, heat, moisture and the like, thereby increasing the yield of pasture; the competition to soil nutrient elements can be reduced, the use amount of nitrogenous fertilizer can be reduced, the soil structure can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved.
2. Compared with the traditional planting method, the grass emergence rate of the planting method is high, the turning green rate is high, the planting emergence rate of the existing perennial mixed planting grassland planting method is about 75% -80%, the planting emergence rate of the method is 85% -90%, and is remarkably higher than the emergence rate (75% -80%) of the existing perennial mixed planting grassland planting method, mainly because the covering film can improve the soil temperature, especially the soil temperature in the seedling stage of crops, the emergence rate is increased, and the growth and development of crops are promoted.
3. Compared with the traditional planting method, the planting method adopts a film-covered shallow-buried drip irrigation technology, is easy to harvest, does not damage an irrigation system, can reduce soil evaporation, improves irrigation water utilization efficiency, saves water resources and improves water utilization efficiency. Mainly because earlier stage plant leaves do not cover the earth surface yet, if no tectorial membrane is planted, the moisture in the soil is liable to be ineffectively moisture evaporation, and the earth is liable to harden. The ineffective soil evaporation can be converted into plant transpiration after the film coating, so that the rapid growth of plants is promoted.
4. The planting method can improve the fertilizer utilization rate. The fertilizer which is planned to be applied can be dripped into the root system soil of crops by drip irrigation, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved; the fertilizer applied to the soil under the protection of the mulching film can not be lost due to wind blowing, sun drying and rain.
5. The planting method of the invention can obviously increase the yield of crops. The drip irrigation under the film can be used for supplying water and fertilizer in proper time, regulating the temperature and humidity among crops, and when the temperature difference changes, the film can be condensed and the temperature can be increased, so that the microclimate environment for the growth of crops is improved, good growth and development conditions are provided for the growth of the crops, and the yield is remarkably increased.
6. The plant building method has less plant diseases and insect pests. The drip irrigation technology under the film can fully absorb water by crops, and redundant water is seldom dispersed, so that the field humidity can be greatly reduced, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
7. The planting method of the invention saves labor. The irrigation water among the rows of crops is not irrigated by using the drip irrigation technology under the film, so that the weeds in the fields are fewer, and the weeding labor force can be reduced; in addition, the soil is not hardened, so that the cultivation times can be reduced; the labor force is not needed to be input for leveling the land, ditching, ridging and watering, and the automatic control is carried out, so that the labor amount and the labor intensity of field watering are reduced; the water and fertilizer are applied simultaneously, so that the labor force can be saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a grass planting method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The artificial grass planting was performed by perennial mixed sowing at a Linzhu grass agricultural test station (100°02'E,39°15' N) at the university of Lanzhou in the Hexi oasis district. The climate type of the area belongs to a continental temperate arid climate, the climate is dry and windy, the rainfall is rare and concentrated, the evaporation capacity is large, and the altitude is 1390m. The annual average temperature is 7.2 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are 3042h, the annual accumulated temperature is 3548 ℃ which is larger than or equal to 0 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 3026 ℃ which is larger than or equal to 10 ℃, and the annual average precipitation amount is 121.5mm, wherein the summer and autumn account for 61% of the total annual total amount, and the annual evaporation amount is 2337.6mm. The land type is mainly salinized soil.
An efficient artificial mixed sowing grassland planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, base fertilizer is spread: in middle and late April, base fertilizer triple superphosphate (containing P) is selected according to local actual conditions 2 O 5 ≥44％)225kg hm -2 Performing entry broadcasting;
step two, ploughing the land: preparing soil in middle and late four months, ploughing by adopting a medium-sized tillage machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, and leveling the soil by adopting the medium-sized land leveler after ploughing;
step three, paving a drip irrigation belt: burying drip irrigation belts (pipes) in 5-10cm depth in subsurface soil, arranging one pipe in four rows at intervals of 80cm, arranging the drip irrigation belts between pasture rows, and burying and fixing the drip irrigation belts in shallow soil; the drip irrigation belt is a patch type drip irrigation belt, the spacing between the drip heads is 30cm, and the flow rate of the drip heads is 2.3Lh -1 The working pressure of the dripper is 0.2MPa.
Step four, film coating: a local film coating mode is adopted to coat a 1.4m wide plastic polyethylene black film (0.014 mm thickness);
step five, sowing: pasture sowing starts in the middle and late March to March. Sowing is carried out in a different-row hole sowing mode, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 7.5cm, and the mixed sowing proportion is 1:1:1, the seeding rate is: 22.5kg hm of alfalfa -2 45kg hm of festuca arundinacea -2 7.5kg hm of plantain herb -2 By hand pushingThe multifunctional dibbling planter performs planting.
Step six, management: and (3) adopting an underground drip irrigation mode to irrigate, wherein the water consumption of alfalfa in the three pastures is maximum, and the irrigation quota and the irrigation time are determined according to the soil texture and the evaporation and transpiration of alfalfa crops. The irrigation quota is 45mm, and irrigation is carried out in time when the evaporation and transpiration quantity of the object reaches the irrigation quota.
Step seven, harvesting: and determining the time and time for mowing the stubble according to the growth vigor of the forage grass alfalfa, and mowing the alfalfa in the early flowering phase, wherein the stubble is left for 5-10cm.
Effect evaluation:
the comparison of the local conventional cultivation comparative example and the example for the first year of planting is shown in Table 1
As can be seen from table 1:
1. compared with local flood irrigation management measures, the under-film drip irrigation technology reduces water consumption by 24%, and improves the water utilization rate.
2. Compared with a local planting method, the method improves the seedling emergence rate and the turning rate of pastures and improves the planting success rate of the mixed planting grasslands.
3. Compared with the local fertilization measures, the reasonable species collocation improves the phosphate fertilizer bias productivity and reduces the use of fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced through the symbiotic nitrogen fixation effect of leguminous forage grass and rhizobium.
The embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the claims, which are also within the protection of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The efficient artificial mixed sowing grassland planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, spreading a base fertilizer;
step two, ploughing the land;
step three, paving a drip irrigation belt;
step four, film coating;
step five, sowing; three pastures were taken from late March to early March: the alfalfa, the festuca arundinacea and the plantain herb are sown in a different-row hole sowing mode, and the mixed sowing proportion is 1:1:1, the seeding rate is: 22.5kg hm of alfalfa -2 45kg hm of festuca arundinacea -2 7.5kg hm of plantain herb -2 Planting by a hand-push type multifunctional dibble planter, wherein the planting depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 7.5cm;
step six, management;
and step seven, harvesting.
2. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the first step, proper fertilization types and fertilization amounts are selected according to local practical conditions.
3. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the second step, the mechanical ploughing soil is adopted for 25 cm to 30cm.
4. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the third step, the drip irrigation belt (pipe) is buried in the soil under the ground surface at a depth of 5-10cm, and the soil is covered and buried shallowly.
5. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step four, a plastic polyethylene black film 1.4m wide and 0.014mm thick was coated on the ground.
6. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the sixth step, irrigation is carried out by adopting an underground drip irrigation mode, and the irrigation time and the irrigation quota are determined according to the soil texture and the crop evaporation and transpiration quantity; according to the distribution characteristics of pasture roots, the planned wetting depth is 60cm; setting the upper limit and the lower limit of irrigation as 90% of field water holding capacity and 60% of field water holding capacity according to the local soil characteristics;
the irrigation quota is calculated according to the formula (1); irrigation time is based on the crop Evapotranspiration (ET) c ) Determining, namely calculating the evapotranspiration of crops according to a formula (2); when accumulating ET c Irrigation is carried out when the set irrigation quota is reached, irrigation is carried out smoothly when rainfall exists in the period, and the irrigation water quantity is obtained by subtracting the effective rainfall from the preset irrigation quota; winter irrigation is carried out before winter planting is carried out every year after planting, and the irrigation quota is 100mm;
W＝10HP(ITHRU-ITHRD) (1)
wherein W is the irrigation quota (mm); h is the planned wetting layer thickness (cm); p is the wetting ratio, 80% is taken; ITHRU and ITHRD are upper and lower irrigation limits (cm) 3 cm -3 )；
ET c ＝K c ×ET 0 (2)
In ET c Transpiration (mm) for crop evaporation; ET (electric T) 0 To reference crop transpiration (mm), weather data was acquired using an automated weather station of the test station, and ET was calculated using the Penman-montith formula according to FAO-56 recommendations 0 ；K c The alfalfa crop coefficients are 0.40, 1.20 and 1.15 for the early, late, mid and mid growth phases, respectively.
7. The efficient artificial grass planting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the seventh step, the alfalfa is mowed in the early flowering period, the mowing is carried out 3 to 4 times per year, and the stubble height is 5 to 6cm.
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| CN117581754A (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Water, fertilizer and pesticide cultivation method for corn and soybean strip intercropping system through under-film drip irrigation |
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| CN117581754A (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Water, fertilizer and pesticide cultivation method for corn and soybean strip intercropping system through under-film drip irrigation |
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