CN111642300A - Novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus - Google Patents
Novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642300A CN111642300A CN202010597644.9A CN202010597644A CN111642300A CN 111642300 A CN111642300 A CN 111642300A CN 202010597644 A CN202010597644 A CN 202010597644A CN 111642300 A CN111642300 A CN 111642300A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting a high-resistance TY tomato variety, using an insect-proof net with a density of more than 60 meshes in the whole seedling raising period, and ridge forming and field planting of tomatoes, wherein the insect-proof net with a density of more than 60 meshes is installed in a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse with a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm; and step three, controlling the aleyrodid fuliginea in the growth period of the tomatoes. The prevention and control measures adopted by the invention are environment-friendly methods, on the basis of the application of the tomato variety TY resistance, the transmission path of tomato yellow leaf curl viruses is effectively blocked by spraying the bemisia tabaci repellent agent in the cultivation period, the problem that the tomato yellow leaf curl viruses are susceptible to when the tomatoes are planted in summer-crossing and autumn-extending stubbles is effectively solved, the insect-proof net and the tomato leaf surface are sprayed with the repellent agent, the application prospect is wide, the test results can guide field practice, the comprehensive and reasonable utilization is combined with the actual conditions, and the occurrence and the harm of the tomato yellow leaf curl viruses can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tomato disease control, in particular to a novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
Background
The tomato is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of tubular meshes, solanaceae and tomato, the body height is 0.6-2 meters, all body hair is mucilaginous, the odor is strong, stems are easy to fall down, leaves are pinnate, compound leaves or pinnate deep cracks, the total stems of inflorescences are 2-5 centimeters long, 3-7 flowers are usually used, calyx spokes are formed, crowns are spoke-shaped, berries are flat spherical or nearly spherical, the flesh is succulent, the seeds are yellow, and the summer and autumn in the flower and fruit period is;
the tomato yellow leaf curl virus is an outbreak and destructive disease, the yield of a diseased field is generally reduced by 20-30 percent, and the tomato yellow leaf curl virus is serious and even completely harvested, belongs to a bean golden mosaic virus of geminivirus family, and is called as a aleyrodids-transmitted geminivirus because the virus can only be transmitted by bemisia tabaci in a lasting way under natural conditions, and is a plant DNA virus with twin particle morphology, which can cause destructive damage on tomato crops and is used as a main cultivation crop of tomatoes in a sunlight greenhouse, and the autumn delay tomato yellow leaf curl virus is very serious;
the prior art has the following defects: the prevention and control of tomato yellow leaf curl virus are generally carried out in the seedling stage and the cultivation stage of tomatoes, when the tomatoes are infected with the yellow leaf curl virus in the seedling stage and the growth stage, the yellow leaf curl virus cannot be treated in time, the survival rate and the productivity of the tomatoes are easily reduced, a large amount of insecticide is needed during the prevention and control of the tomatoes in the middle stage, the environment is polluted, the residual insecticide is harmful to the health of people, and the popularization is not easy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which aims to solve the problems that the prevention and treatment of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus are usually carried out in the seedling stage and the cultivation stage of tomatoes, when the tomatoes are infected with the yellow leaf curl virus in the seedling stage and the growth stage, the treatment cannot be carried out in time, the survival rate and the productivity of the tomatoes are easily reduced, a large amount of insecticide is required to be used in the middle-stage treatment of the tomatoes, the environment is polluted, and the residual insecticide harms the body health of people.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a novel method for the control of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, said method comprising: selecting a TY-resistant tomato variety for seedling culture, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the fixedly planted tomatoes are 50cm and 30 cm;
an insect-proof net is used for a ventilation opening of a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse before the tomatoes are planted, the ventilation opening is closed 3-5 days before the tomatoes are planted, the plastic greenhouse or the sunlight greenhouse is closed, an isoprocarb smoke agent is applied to kill Bemisia tabaci, eggs and pupae in the greenhouse, and a 17% Fluopyrone soluble liquid serving as a Bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on leaf surfaces and the insect-proof net after the tomatoes are planted.
Preferably, the bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves and the insect-proof net.
Preferably, during seedling culture, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water for soaking for 1-2h, then the tomato seeds are fished out and placed in warm water for soaking, the water temperature is 50-55 ℃, the time is 15min, and then the seeds are stirred.
Preferably, the mulching film can be black and white mulching film, transparent mulching film or silver gray mulching film.
Preferably, during sowing, the 60-mesh insect-proof net is used at the lower air opening of the greenhouse and the 40-mesh insect-proof net is used at the upper air opening of the greenhouse.
Preferably, during cultivation, the yellow plates are placed among the tomato crop rows and evenly hung above the plants, the bottoms of the yellow plates are approximately equal to the tops of the plants, and engine oil is coated every 7-10 days.
Preferably, the repellent agent of 17 percent of fluroxypyr is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves once every 7 days, and the insect-proof net is sprayed for 3 days and 1 time.
Preferably, if the tomatoes are infected with viruses in the later period, the roots of the tomatoes are immediately irrigated with 2000-3000 times of the etiolating leaf curl virus B liquid, and the etiolating leaf curl virus A or the etiolating leaf curl virus vaccine is sprayed for 3-4 days for 4-5 times continuously.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the prevention and control measures adopted by the invention are environment-friendly methods, the prevention and treatment of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, the insect-proof net and the tomato spraying repellent agent are realized in the seed selection, seedling raising, cultivation and later period of the tomatoes, the application prospect is wide, the test results can guide the field practice, the comprehensive and reasonable utilization is realized by combining the actual conditions, and the occurrence and harm of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus can be prevented.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which comprises the following steps: selecting a TY-resistant tomato variety for seedling culture, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the fixedly planted tomatoes are 50cm and 30 cm;
an insect-proof net is used for a ventilation opening of a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse before the tomatoes are planted, the ventilation opening is closed 3-5 days before the tomatoes are planted, the plastic greenhouse or the sunlight greenhouse is closed, an isoprocarb smoke agent is applied to kill Bemisia tabaci, eggs and pupae in the greenhouse, and a 17% Fluopyrone soluble liquid serving as a Bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on leaf surfaces and the insect-proof net after the tomatoes are planted.
Further, in the technical scheme, the tomato leaf surface and the insect-proof net are sprayed with the bemisia tabaci repellent.
Further, in the technical scheme, during seedling culture, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water to be soaked for 1-2 hours, then the tomato seeds are fished out and placed in warm water to be soaked for 15 minutes at the water temperature of 50-55 ℃, then the seeds are stirred, the tomatoes are favored to be warm, the germination rate of the tomatoes can be improved by placing the tomatoes in the clear water to be soaked, and the tomato seeds are placed in the warm water to be stirred and soaked to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.
Further, in the technical scheme, the mulching film is black and white.
Further, in the technical scheme, during sowing, a 60-mesh insect-proof net is used at the lower air opening of the greenhouse, a 40-mesh insect-proof net is used at the upper air opening, and the insect-proof nets are laid to reduce the number of bemisia tabaci inside the greenhouse.
Further, in the technical scheme, during cultivation, the yellow plate is placed between rows of tomato crops and evenly hung above the plants, the bottom of the yellow plate is approximately equal to the top end of the plants, and when the number of bemisia tabaci on the yellow plate exceeds 3, the encarsia tabaci is released to kill the bemisia tabaci.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the repellent agent 17% of the fluroxypyr is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves once every 7 days, and the insect-proof net is sprayed for 3 days and 1 time, so that the virus resistance of the tomato can be further improved.
Further, in the technical scheme, if the tomatoes are infected with viruses in the later period, root irrigation is immediately carried out by using 2000-3000 times of the yellow leaf curl virus B liquid, 3-4d spraying the yellow leaf curl virus A or yellow leaf curl virus vaccine for one time for 4-5 times, 2000-containing 2500 strains are irrigated in a root irrigation agent bottle of 500m1, the root irrigation agent is pumped by using an injector of 6-7m and is watered by using 15kg of water, and the root irrigation time is selected in the morning and evening.
Example 2
The invention provides a novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which comprises the following steps: selecting a TY-resistant tomato variety for seedling culture, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the fixedly planted tomatoes are 50cm and 30 cm;
an insect-proof net is used for a ventilation opening of a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse before the tomatoes are planted, the ventilation opening is closed 3-5 days before the tomatoes are planted, the plastic greenhouse or the sunlight greenhouse is closed, an isoprocarb smoke agent is applied to kill Bemisia tabaci, eggs and pupae in the greenhouse, and a 17% Fluopyrone soluble liquid serving as a Bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on leaf surfaces and the insect-proof net after the tomatoes are planted.
Further, in the technical scheme, the tomato leaf surface and the insect-proof net are sprayed with the bemisia tabaci repellent.
Further, in the technical scheme, during seedling culture, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water to be soaked for 1-2 hours, then the tomato seeds are fished out and placed in warm water to be soaked for 15 minutes at the water temperature of 50-55 ℃, then the seeds are stirred, the tomatoes are favored to be warm, the germination rate of the tomatoes can be improved by placing the tomatoes in the clear water to be soaked, and the tomato seeds are placed in the warm water to be stirred and soaked to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the mulching film is a transparent mulching film.
Further, in the technical scheme, during sowing, a 60-mesh insect-proof net is used at the lower air opening of the greenhouse, a 40-mesh insect-proof net is used at the upper air opening, and the insect-proof nets are laid to reduce the number of bemisia tabaci inside the greenhouse.
Further, in the technical scheme, during cultivation, the yellow plate is placed between rows of tomato crops and evenly hung above the plants, the bottom of the yellow plate is approximately equal to the top end of the plants, and when the number of bemisia tabaci on the yellow plate exceeds 3, the encarsia tabaci is released to kill the bemisia tabaci.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the repellent agent 17% of the fluroxypyr is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves once every 7 days, and the insect-proof net is sprayed for 3 days and 1 time, so that the virus resistance of the tomato can be further improved.
Further, in the technical scheme, if the tomatoes are infected with viruses in the later period, root irrigation is immediately carried out by using 2000-3000 times of the yellow leaf curl virus B liquid, 3-4d spraying the yellow leaf curl virus A or yellow leaf curl virus vaccine for one time for 4-5 times, 2000-containing 2500 strains are irrigated in a root irrigation agent bottle of 500m1, the root irrigation agent is pumped by using an injector of 6-7m and is watered by using 15kg of water, and the root irrigation time is selected in the morning and evening.
Example 3
The invention provides a novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which comprises the following steps: selecting a TY-resistant tomato variety for seedling culture, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the fixedly planted tomatoes are 50cm and 30 cm;
an insect-proof net is used for a ventilation opening of a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse before the tomatoes are planted, the ventilation opening is closed 3-5 days before the tomatoes are planted, the plastic greenhouse or the sunlight greenhouse is closed, an isoprocarb smoke agent is applied to kill Bemisia tabaci, eggs and pupae in the greenhouse, and a 17% Fluopyrone soluble liquid serving as a Bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on leaf surfaces and the insect-proof net after the tomatoes are planted.
Further, in the technical scheme, the tomato leaf surface and the insect-proof net are sprayed with the bemisia tabaci repellent.
Further, in the technical scheme, during seedling culture, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water to be soaked for 1-2 hours, then the tomato seeds are fished out and placed in warm water to be soaked for 15 minutes at the water temperature of 50-55 ℃, then the seeds are stirred, the tomatoes are favored to be warm, the germination rate of the tomatoes can be improved by placing the tomatoes in the clear water to be soaked, and the tomato seeds are placed in the warm water to be stirred and soaked to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.
Further, in the technical scheme, the mulching film is a silver gray mulching film.
Further, in the technical scheme, during sowing, a 60-mesh insect-proof net is used at the lower air opening of the greenhouse, a 40-mesh insect-proof net is used at the upper air opening, and the insect-proof nets are laid to reduce the number of bemisia tabaci inside the greenhouse.
Further, in the technical scheme, during cultivation, the yellow plate is placed between rows of tomato crops and evenly hung above the plants, the bottom of the yellow plate is approximately equal to the top end of the plants, and when the number of bemisia tabaci on the yellow plate exceeds 3, the encarsia tabaci is released to kill the bemisia tabaci.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the repellent agent 17% of the fluroxypyr is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves once every 7 days, and the insect-proof net is sprayed for 3 days and 1 time, so that the virus resistance of the tomato can be further improved.
Further, in the technical scheme, if the tomatoes are infected with viruses in the later period, root irrigation is immediately carried out by using 2000-3000 times of the yellow leaf curl virus B liquid, 3-4d spraying the yellow leaf curl virus A or yellow leaf curl virus vaccine for one time for 4-5 times, 2000-containing 2500 strains are irrigated in a root irrigation agent bottle of 500m1, the root irrigation agent is pumped by using an injector of 6-7m and is watered by using 15kg of water, and the root irrigation time is selected in the morning and evening.
Statistics of the number of bemisia tabaci and tomato incidence induced by yellow plates on different mulching films according to examples 1-3 thirty days are shown in table 1:
table 1:
as can be seen from table 1, the data analysis of example 1 shows that the physical factors influencing the tomato pathogenesis sequentially comprise a mulching film, an insect-proof net, and an optimal combination of laying a black and white mulching film and arranging the insect-proof net, the prevention and treatment measures adopted by the invention are environment-friendly methods, the prevention and treatment of tomato yellow leaf curl virus can be realized in the seed selection, seedling raising, cultivation and later period of the tomato, the insect-proof net and the tomato leaves are sprayed with the repellent, the application prospect is wide, the test results can guide the field practice, the comprehensive and reasonable utilization can be realized by combining the actual conditions, and the occurrence and harm of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus can be prevented.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the case of no conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting a TY-resistant tomato variety for seedling culture, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the fixedly planted tomatoes are 50cm and 30 cm;
an insect-proof net is used for a ventilation opening of a plastic greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse before the tomatoes are planted, the ventilation opening is closed 3-5 days before the tomatoes are planted, the plastic greenhouse or the sunlight greenhouse is closed, an isoprocarb smoke agent is applied to kill bemisia tabaci, eggs and pupae in the greenhouse, and a 17% flupyradifurone soluble liquid serving as a bemisia tabaci repellent is sprayed on leaf surfaces and the insect-proof net after the tomatoes are planted.
2. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: spraying bemisia tabaci repellent to tomato leaf surfaces and insect nets.
3. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: during seedling culture, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water for soaking for 1-2h, then the tomato seeds are fished out and placed in warm water for soaking, the water temperature is 50-55 ℃, the time is 15min, and then the seeds are stirred.
4. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mulching film can be black and white film, transparent film or silver gray film.
5. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: during sowing, a 60-mesh insect-proof net is used at the lower air opening of the greenhouse, and a 40-mesh insect-proof net is used at the upper air opening of the greenhouse.
6. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: during cultivation, the yellow plates are placed among the tomato crop rows and evenly hung above the plants, and the bottoms of the yellow plates are approximately level with the top ends of the plants.
7. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the repellent agent of 17 percent of fluroxypyr is sprayed on the surfaces of the tomato leaves once every 7 days, and the insect-proof net is sprayed for 3 days and 1 time.
8. The novel method for controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) if the tomato is infected with virus in the later period, immediately irrigating roots with 2000-3000 times of etiolating leaf curl virus B, and spraying etiolating leaf curl virus A or etiolating leaf curl virus vaccine for 3-4 days for 4-5 times.
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| CN202010597644.9A CN111642300A (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus |
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| CN202010597644.9A CN111642300A (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Novel method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |