CN111528032A - Planting method of organic marigold - Google Patents
Planting method of organic marigold Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528032A CN111528032A CN202010464327.XA CN202010464327A CN111528032A CN 111528032 A CN111528032 A CN 111528032A CN 202010464327 A CN202010464327 A CN 202010464327A CN 111528032 A CN111528032 A CN 111528032A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of organic marigold, which comprises seedling raising, field transplanting, field management, pest control and picking, wherein the seedling raising comprises seedbed making, arched shed making, seed treatment, sowing and seedbed management; the field transplantation comprises the arrangement of a transplantation field and the field transplantation; the field management comprises thinning and seedling supplementing, intertillage management, field irrigation and drainage and pest control, the pest control adopts a green prevention and control technology, and the control is mainly carried out from a seed source and the control treatment aiming at different pests and diseases of marigold in a growth period. The planting method can ensure the healthy growth and the effective output of the organic marigold, the produced organic marigold has high quality and good quality, does not have any plant diseases and insect pests, can reduce environmental pollution, is favorable for restoring ecological balance, is favorable for improving the competitiveness of agricultural products in the market and increases income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of organic marigold.
Background
Marigold, also known as cotton rose hibiscus, is a plant of the genus marigold of the family Compositae, is an ideal raw material for extracting pure natural xanthophylls, and is known as Khakibush (kakibush) in Africa, and is usually hung under native thatch to repel groups of flies. Marigold contains rich lutein which is a natural pigment widely existing in vegetables, flowers, fruits and certain algae organisms, and can delay the vision deterioration and blindness of the old people caused by macular degeneration and cardiovascular sclerosis, coronary heart disease and tumor diseases caused by aging of the body. The organic marigold is prepared by adopting a series of agricultural technologies of sustainable development methods without using chemically synthesized pesticides, chemical fertilizers, growth regulators and other substances, and maintaining a continuous and stable agricultural growth process by following natural laws and ecological principles, and the marigold lutein organic food is a quality safety food recognized in the world today and becomes a preferred target of people for eating, medicine, health care and feed. The organic marigold is one of important lutein products and is an important raw material for developing related organic foods, medicines, health-care products and feeds. The organic marigold is characterized by being eco-friendly and environment-friendly, chemical synthetic substances such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers, production hormones, chemical additives, preservatives and the like are not used in the production and planting process, a genetic engineering technology and products thereof are not used, and methods such as using organic fertilizers and biologically comprehensively preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds are advocated. At present, along with the increase of strategic adjustment of national agricultural structure and the acceleration of overall construction of a comfortable society, the pulling of market demands at home and abroad and the guidance of governments at all levels, the production, planting and processing of organic marigold at home and abroad basically enter a period of gradually increasing vigour, and research and solution are urgently needed for organic marigold planting production technology and industrial operation mode, however, the conventional planting mode is adopted for most of the marigold planting at present, so that the defects of low yield and poor quality exist, and because the marigold is easy to cause diseases and insect pests in the growth process, growers need to prevent and control the diseases and insect pests, increase income and improve yield, a large amount of chemical insecticides are generally used, and not only can cause environmental pollution and water quality deterioration, but also a large amount of pesticide residues exist in marigold, the component and quality of lutein can be seriously influenced during the extraction of lutein. Therefore, the development of a planting method of organic marigold with advanced technology, high yield, good quality and small incidence of plant diseases and insect pests is objectively needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a planting method of an organic marigold planting method with advanced technology, high yield, good quality and low incidence of plant diseases and insect pests.
The planting method of the organic marigold comprises the following steps:
seedling culture:
a, manufacturing a seedbed: after 45-50 days before sowing, arranging the tedded seedling growing land into a seedbed with the width of 1.1-1.2 m and the length of no more than 8m, wherein the seedbed is arranged in the east-west direction, then paving a seedling growing matrix with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the seedbed, wherein the seedling growing matrix consists of 50-60% of humus, 20-40% of decomposed farmyard manure and 15-25% of pollution-free sandy soil in percentage by mass, and the seedbed arrangement needs to be finished at the end of 3 months;
b, manufacturing an arch shed: spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on a seedbed, then inserting bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed at equal intervals to manufacture an arched shed, then covering the arched shed with a plastic film, compacting the periphery of the plastic film with fine soil, covering the plastic film for 2-3 days, and then opening the plastic film to ventilate and dry the seedbed;
c, treating seeds: firstly removing impurities and blighted seeds, selecting full and complete marigold seeds, then placing the marigold seeds in the sun for sun planting, soaking the sun-planted marigold seeds in warm water at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 3-4 h before sowing, then fishing out the marigold seeds, washing the marigold seeds with clear water once, and sowing after moisture is drained;
d, sowing: uniformly spreading the soaked marigold seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 4-5 g, covering the marigold seeds with sieved fine soil after sowing, wherein the covering thickness of the fine soil cannot exceed 0.5cm, then covering a layer of rice straws or pine hairs with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the fine soil, and covering a plastic film after the water is thoroughly poured;
e, seedbed management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 25-30 ℃, removing straws or pine hair in time when 70-80% of marigold seeds grow seedlings, properly reducing the temperature in the arched shed by 3-5 ℃ after all seedlings grow, removing weeds in a seedbed at any time after the seedlings grow, ventilating the arched shed in time when the height of the seedlings reaches 4-5 cm, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 20-25 ℃, ventilating the seedlings at 8-9 ℃ in the morning, and not ventilating at high temperature in the noon to avoid seedling flashing, stopping ventilation when the temperature of the seedlings is reduced in the weather of strong wind, removing a plastic film to harden the seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 8-10 cm and the outdoor temperature is stable at 15 ℃, and transplanting the seedlings in a field when the height of the seedlings reaches 10-12 cm;
② transplanting in field
a, arranging transplanting places: selecting a plot which is free of waterlogging, convenient to drain and irrigate, sunny and high in organic matter content as a transplanting land, avoiding selecting a sand land as the transplanting land, deeply turning the transplanting land by 25-30 cm before winter, applying 1500-1800 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu in the transplanting land during transplanting, ditching and managing moisture after leveling and raking, wherein the width of a furrow is 75-80 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 80-90 cm, and the height of the moisture is 30-35 cm;
b, transplanting in a field: selecting sunny and windless weather, watering a seedbed thoroughly in one day before transplanting, pulling up marigold seedlings with good growth vigor on the day of transplanting, transplanting two rows of seedlings on each moist soil surface, during transplanting, digging a pond on the moist soil surface according to the planting density of 40-45 cm of double row spacing and 50-55 cm of plant spacing, then placing the marigold seedlings in the center of the pond according to a planting mode of one pond and one seedling, righting the seedlings, ridging, treading, watering thoroughly, and covering a mulching film on the moist soil surface;
managing the field:
a thinning and replanting: timely performing field inspection one week after transplanting, and timely supplementing seedlings to ensure no leakage of seedlings;
b, intertillage management: when the marigold seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeding and loosening the soil in time to prevent hardening, pinching and capping in time when the plant height reaches 30-40 cm, removing the mulching film covered, and intertilling, weeding and earthing up the soil moisture surface;
c, field irrigation and drainage: proper amount of water is added during drought to keep soil moist, no large amount of water is needed for irrigation, water cannot be accumulated in the transplanting land at the later stage, and the accumulated water is timely removed in rainy season;
d, fixing a pile and pulling wires: for transplanting lands with flat terrain, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging, so that the ventilation and light transmittance among the plants are increased;
and fourthly, pest control: the method for controlling diseases and pests of marigold adopts green control technology
a, source control: breeding marigold seeds of disease and pest resistant varieties;
b, controlling and treating different diseases and insect pests of marigold in the growing period:
1 leaf spot: keeping ventilation and good drainage, timely removing diseased plants at the initial stage of disease onset, intensively burning the plants to reduce the source of the disease, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 10-15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days for 3-4 times continuously;
b.2 aphids: spraying a pepper insecticide or botanical matrine on the plants;
b.3 leaf miner: after the previous crops are harvested, weeds, old leaves, diseased leaves and residual leaves in the transplanting field are timely removed, concentrated and deeply buried or burnt to eliminate insect sources, and after the crops are transplanted, yellow boards or insecticidal lamps are used for trapping and killing pests;
b.4 damping-off: strengthening field management, reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, regulating ventilation and light transmission, increasing plant resistance, draining water in time after rainwater, keeping proper temperature and humidity, preventing high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, removing diseased plants in time when diseased plants are found, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 10-15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously spraying for 3-4 times to control diseases;
b.5 underground pests, mole cricket, grub, cutworm, budworm and ant: in winter, the field transplanting land is ploughed and aired, and selected farmyard manure is fully decomposed, so that the egg laying of adults can be reduced; after transplanting, preventing and treating by using a black light lamp or a manual capturing mode;
picking: the marigold petals sequentially extend from the flower bud from outside to inside, the marigold petals can be picked when all the petals are unfolded to form a flower ball, the picking is carried out for multiple times, the picking is carried out once every 5-7 days, the picking time is 9 am to 5 pm every day, the picking is carried out in rainy days, the picking is not carried out in dew, the picking is carried out in foggy days, the picking is not carried out in immature days, and the picking is rotten, deteriorated, discolored and impure flowers are not picked.
The invention has the following effects: the method comprises the steps of selecting a proper land, selecting a high-quality high-yield high-resistance variety, sowing and raising seedlings at proper time, transplanting in a field, managing in the field, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and harvesting, optimizing the control indexes of each process step, and simultaneously adopting a method of adopting agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce plant diseases and insect pests according to natural rules without using any chemically synthesized fertilizer, pesticide and growth regulator or adopting genetic engineering and ion radiation technology in each process step so as to obtain a safe high-yield planting production system. The planting method can ensure the healthy growth and the effective output of the organic marigold, the produced organic marigold has high quality and good quality, does not have any plant diseases and insect pests, can reduce environmental pollution, is favorable for restoring ecological balance, is favorable for improving the competitiveness of agricultural products in the market, increases income, can generate good economic and social benefits, and is easy to popularize and use.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the method for planting organic marigold in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
seedling culture:
a, manufacturing a seedbed: 45 days before sowing, arranging the tedded seedling growing land into a seedbed with the width of 1.1m and the length of 6.5m, arranging the seedbed in a leeward and sunny place, preferably in the east-west direction, then paving a seedling growing matrix with the thickness of 10cm on the seedbed, wherein the seedling growing matrix consists of 50 percent of humus, 30 percent of decomposed farmyard manure and 20 percent of pollution-free sandy soil in percentage by mass, and the seedbed arrangement needs to be finished at the bottom of 3 months;
b, manufacturing an arch shed: spraying 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on a seedbed, then inserting bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed at equal intervals to manufacture an arched shed, then covering the arched shed with a plastic film, compacting the periphery of the plastic film with fine soil, preferably, selecting a polypropylene non-drip film as the plastic film, forbidding use of a polychlorinated film, and after covering the plastic film for 2 days, lifting the plastic film to ventilate and dry the seedbed;
c, treating seeds: firstly removing impurities and blighted seeds, selecting full and complete marigold seeds, then placing the marigold seeds in the sun for sunning to kill germs, enhance the seed vitality and improve the germination rate, placing the sunned marigold seeds in warm water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for soaking for 3 hours before sowing, then fishing out the marigold seeds, washing the marigold seeds with clear water once, and sowing after draining the water;
d, sowing: uniformly spreading the soaked marigold seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 4g, covering the marigold seeds with sieved fine soil, the covering thickness of the fine soil cannot exceed 0.5cm, covering a layer of rice straw or pine wool with the thickness of 5cm on the fine soil, and covering a plastic film after the water is thoroughly poured;
e, seedbed management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in an arched shed at 25 ℃, removing straws or pine hair in time when 70% of marigold seeds grow out, properly reducing the temperature of the arched shed by 3 ℃ when all seedlings grow out, pulling out weeds in a seedbed at any time after the seedlings grow out, ventilating the arched shed in time when the height of the seedlings reaches 4cm, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 20 ℃, ventilating for 8 am, and not ventilating at high temperature in the noon so as to avoid seedling flashing, stopping ventilation when strong wind is encountered, hardening seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 8cm and the outdoor temperature is stabilized at 15 ℃, removing a plastic film to harden the seedlings, transplanting the field when the height of the seedlings reaches 10cm, properly watering the seedlings after the seedlings grow out, stopping watering 7 days before transplanting, and hardening the seedlings before transplanting;
② transplanting in field
a, arranging transplanting places: selecting a plot which is free of waterlogging, convenient to drain and irrigate, sunny and high in organic matter content as a transplanting land, avoiding selecting a sand land as the transplanting land, deeply turning the transplanting land by 25cm before winter, applying 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the transplanting land during transplanting, ditching and managing moisture after leveling and harrowing are performed, wherein the width of a moisture furrow is 75 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 80cm, and the height of the moisture is 30 cm;
b, transplanting in a field: selecting sunny and windless weather, watering the seedbed thoroughly in the day before transplanting, pulling up well-growing marigold seedlings on the day of transplanting, transplanting two rows of seedlings on each moist soil surface, digging a pond on each moist soil surface according to the planting density of 40cm of double row spacing and 50cm of plant spacing, placing the marigold seedlings at the center of the pond according to a planting mode of one seedling in one pond, righting the seedlings, ridging, treading, watering thoroughly, and covering a mulching film on each moist soil surface;
managing the field:
a thinning and replanting: timely performing field inspection one week after transplanting, and timely supplementing seedlings to ensure no leakage of seedlings;
b, intertillage management: when the marigold seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeding and loosening the soil in time to prevent hardening, pinching and topping in time when the plant height reaches 30cm, simultaneously removing the mulching film covered, and intertilling, weeding and earthing up the soil moisture surface;
c, field irrigation and drainage: proper amount of water is added during drought to keep soil moist, no large amount of water is needed for irrigation, water cannot be accumulated in the transplanting land at the later stage, and the accumulated water is timely removed in rainy season;
d, fixing a pile and pulling wires: for transplanting lands with flat terrain, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging, so that the ventilation and light transmittance among the plants are increased;
and fourthly, pest control: the disease and pest control of marigold adopts green prevention and control technology, the disease and pest control of marigold is subject to the plant protection policy of prevention and comprehensive control, the whole-course control technology of the disease and pest of marigold is implemented, the control is carried out by stages according to the occurrence variety and the damage characteristics of the disease and pest in each growth period of marigold, on the basis of strengthening the fertilizer and water management, the control strategy of paying attention to the seedling stage, grasping the growth period and grasping the harvesting period strongly is adopted,
a, source control: the marigold seeds of the disease and pest resistant variety are bred, and the application of the resistant variety in production is the most economic and effective method for preventing and treating the disease and pest;
b, controlling and treating different diseases and insect pests of marigold in the growing period:
1 leaf spot: keeping good ventilation and drainage, timely removing diseased plants at the initial stage of disease onset, intensively burning to reduce the source of disease, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 10% before and at the initial stage of disease onset, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times;
b.2 aphids: the aphids harmful to flowers are more in variety, sometimes singly occur, sometimes mixedly occur, and the aphids are strong in breeding and adaptability, so that various control methods are difficult to achieve a radical effect, once found, the aphids are prevented from being propagated in large quantities by quickly grasping and treating, a pepper insecticide or botanical matrine is selected to be sprayed on the plants when found, the pepper insecticide is prepared by 500g of fresh pepper or dry red pepper and 300g of water through boiling for half an hour and then cooling, and the botanical matrine is prepared by blending matrine, stellerin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 5;
b.3 leaf miner: after the previous crops are harvested, weeds, old leaves, diseased leaves and residual leaves in the transplanting field are timely removed, the weeds, the old leaves, the diseased leaves and the residual leaves are intensively buried or burnt to eliminate insect sources, after the transplanting, pests are trapped and killed by using a yellow board or an insecticidal lamp, the yellow board can be used for trapping and killing according to the yellow tendency of adult leaf miners, a better effect can be achieved under the conditions of lower insect population and protected land, and the insecticidal lamp can be used for trapping and killing according to the phototropism characteristics of the adult leaf miners, so that the effect is more ideal;
b.4 damping-off: strengthening field management, reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, regulating ventilation and light transmission, increasing plant resistance, draining water in time after rainwater, maintaining proper temperature and humidity, preventing high temperature and high humidity conditions, removing diseased plants in time when diseased plants are found, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 10% before and at the initial stage of disease onset for 1 time every 7 days and continuously for 3 times, and controlling diseases;
b.5 underground pests, mole cricket, grub, cutworm, budworm and ant: in winter, the field transplanting land is ploughed and aired, and selected farmyard manure is fully decomposed, so that the egg laying of adults can be reduced; after transplanting, the black light lamp or the manual catching mode is used for preventing and controlling, and the adult cutworms of the cutworm have strong tropism to the black light lamp and can be trapped and killed by the black light lamp in the period of full emergence of the adult insects;
picking: the marigold petals sequentially extend from the flower bud from outside to inside, the marigold petals can be picked when all the petals are unfolded to form a flower ball, the picking is carried out for multiple times, the picking is carried out once every 5-7 days, the picking time is 9 am to 5 pm every day, the picking is carried out in rainy days, the picking is not carried out in dew, the picking is carried out in foggy days, the picking is not carried out in immature days, and the picking is rotten, deteriorated, discolored and impure flowers are not picked.
In this embodiment 1, by selecting a suitable plot, selecting a high-quality, high-yield and high-resistance variety, sowing and raising seedlings at appropriate time, transplanting in a field, managing in the field, controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting, while optimizing the control indexes of each process step, each process step does not use any chemically synthesized fertilizer, pesticide and growth regulator, does not use genetic engineering and ion radiation technology, but follows the natural law, and adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce diseases and pests, so as to obtain a safe and high-yield planting production system. The chrysanthemum planted by the method has high quality, large flowers, bright color, more petals and no diseases and pests, the yield can be increased by 20% per mu, the survival rate reaches more than 99%, and the incidence rate of diseases and pests is less than 1%.
Example 2
The method for planting organic marigold according to the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
seedling culture:
a, manufacturing a seedbed: 48 days before sowing, arranging the tedded seedling growing land into a seedbed with the width of 1.1m and the length of 7m, arranging the leeward and sunny place on the seedbed, preferably in the east-west direction, then paving a seedling growing matrix with the thickness of 12cm on the seedbed, wherein the seedling growing matrix consists of 55 percent of humus soil, 20 percent of decomposed farmyard manure and 25 percent of pollution-free sandy soil in percentage by mass, and the seedbed arrangement is required to be finished at the bottom of 3 months;
b, manufacturing an arch shed: firstly, spraying 900 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on a seedbed, then inserting bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed at equal intervals to manufacture an arched shed, then covering the arched shed with a plastic film, compacting the periphery of the plastic film with fine soil, preferably, selecting a polypropylene non-drip film as the plastic film, forbidding use of a polychlorinated film, and after covering the plastic film for 3 days, opening the plastic film to ventilate and dry the seedbed;
c, treating seeds: firstly removing impurities and blighted seeds, selecting full and complete marigold seeds, then placing the marigold seeds in the sun for sunning to kill germs, enhance the seed vitality and improve the germination rate, placing the sunned marigold seeds in warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ for soaking for 3.5 hours before sowing, then fishing out the marigold seeds, washing the marigold seeds with clear water once, and sowing after draining the water;
d, sowing: uniformly spreading the soaked marigold seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 4.5g, covering the marigold seeds with sieved fine soil, the covering thickness of the fine soil cannot exceed 0.5cm, covering a layer of 7 cm-thick straw or pine hair on the fine soil, and covering a plastic film after the water is thoroughly poured;
e, seedbed management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in an arched shed at 28 ℃, removing straws or pine hair in time when 75% of marigold seeds grow out, properly reducing the temperature of the arched shed by 4 ℃ when all seedlings grow out, pulling out weeds in a seedbed at any time after the seedlings grow out, ventilating the arched shed in time when the height of the seedlings reaches 5cm, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 23 ℃, ventilating for 8-9 am, not ventilating at high temperature at noon so as to avoid causing seedling flashing, cooling in the weather in strong wind, stopping ventilation, hardening seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 9cm and the outdoor temperature is stable at 15 ℃, removing a plastic film for hardening the seedlings, transplanting the field when the height of the seedlings reaches 11cm, watering properly according to the water shortage degree after the seedlings grow out, stopping watering 9 days before transplanting, and hardening the seedlings before transplanting;
② transplanting in field
a, arranging transplanting places: selecting a plot which is free of waterlogging, convenient to drain and irrigate, exposed to the sun and high in organic matter content as a transplanting land, avoiding selecting a sand land as the transplanting land, deeply turning the transplanting land by 28cm before winter, applying 1650kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu in the transplanting land during transplanting, ditching and managing moisture after leveling and harrowing, wherein the width of a moisture furrow is 78 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 85 cm, and the height of the moisture is 33 cm;
b, transplanting in a field: selecting sunny and windless weather, watering the seedbed thoroughly in the day before transplanting, pulling up well-growing marigold seedlings on the day of transplanting, transplanting two rows of seedlings on each moist soil surface, digging a pond on each moist soil surface according to the planting density of the row spacing of 43cm and the plant spacing of 53cm, placing the marigold seedlings at the center of the pond according to the planting mode of one seedling in one pond, righting the seedlings, ridging, treading, watering thoroughly, and covering a mulching film on each moist soil surface;
managing the field:
a thinning and replanting: timely performing field inspection one week after transplanting, and timely supplementing seedlings to ensure no leakage of seedlings;
b, intertillage management: when the marigold seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeding and loosening the soil in time to prevent hardening, pinching and topping in time when the plant height reaches 35cm, simultaneously removing the mulching film covered, and intertilling, weeding and earthing up the soil moisture surface;
c, field irrigation and drainage: proper amount of water is added during drought to keep soil moist, no large amount of water is needed for irrigation, water cannot be accumulated in the transplanting land at the later stage, and the accumulated water is timely removed in rainy season;
d, fixing a pile and pulling wires: for transplanting lands with flat terrain, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging, so that the ventilation and light transmittance among the plants are increased;
and fourthly, pest control: the disease and pest control of marigold adopts green prevention and control technology, the disease and pest control of marigold is subject to the plant protection policy of prevention and comprehensive control, the whole-course control technology of the disease and pest of marigold is implemented, the control is carried out by stages according to the occurrence variety and the damage characteristics of the disease and pest in each growth period of marigold, on the basis of strengthening the fertilizer and water management, the control strategy of paying attention to the seedling stage, grasping the growth period and grasping the harvesting period strongly is adopted,
a, source control: the marigold seeds of the disease and pest resistant variety are bred, and the application of the resistant variety in production is the most economic and effective method for preventing and treating the disease and pest;
b, controlling and treating different diseases and insect pests of marigold in the growing period:
1 leaf spot: keeping ventilation and good drainage, timely removing diseased plants at the initial stage of disease onset, intensively burning to reduce the source of disease, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 12% before and at the initial stage of disease onset, spraying for 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying for 3.5 times;
b.2 aphids: the aphids harmful to flowers are more in variety, sometimes singly occur, sometimes mixedly occur, and the aphids are strong in reproduction and adaptability, so that various control methods are difficult to achieve a radical effect, once found, the aphids are prevented from being propagated in a large quantity by grasping and treating as soon as possible, a pepper insecticide or botanical matrine is selected to be sprayed on the plants when found, the pepper insecticide is prepared by 500g of fresh pepper or dry red pepper and 400g of water through boiling for half an hour and then cooling, and the botanical matrine is prepared by blending matrine, stellerin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5: 8;
b.3 leaf miner: after the previous crops are harvested, weeds, old leaves, diseased leaves and residual leaves in the transplanting field are timely removed, the weeds, the old leaves, the diseased leaves and the residual leaves are intensively buried or burnt to eliminate insect sources, after the transplanting, pests are trapped and killed by using a yellow board or an insecticidal lamp, the yellow board can be used for trapping and killing according to the yellow tendency of adult leaf miners, a better effect can be achieved under the conditions of lower insect population and protected land, and the insecticidal lamp can be used for trapping and killing according to the phototropism characteristics of the adult leaf miners, so that the effect is more ideal;
b.4 damping-off: strengthening field management, reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, regulating ventilation and light transmission, increasing plant resistance, draining water in time after rainwater, maintaining proper temperature and humidity, preventing high temperature and high humidity conditions, removing diseased plants in time when diseased plants are found, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 12% before and at the initial stage of disease onset for 1 time every 8 days and continuously for 4 times, and controlling diseases;
b.5 underground pests, mole cricket, grub, cutworm, budworm and ant: in winter, the field transplanting land is ploughed and aired, and selected farmyard manure is fully decomposed, so that the egg laying of adults can be reduced; after transplanting, the black light lamp or the manual catching mode is used for preventing and controlling, and the adult cutworms of the cutworm have strong tropism to the black light lamp and can be trapped and killed by the black light lamp in the period of full emergence of the adult insects;
picking: the marigold petals sequentially extend from the flower bud from outside to inside, the marigold petals can be picked when all the petals are unfolded to form a flower ball, the picking is carried out for multiple times, the picking is carried out once every 5-7 days, the picking time is 9 am to 5 pm every day, the picking is carried out in rainy days, the picking is not carried out in dew, the picking is carried out in foggy days, the picking is not carried out in immature days, and the picking is rotten, deteriorated, discolored and impure flowers are not picked.
In this embodiment 2, by selecting a suitable plot, selecting a high-quality, high-yield and high-resistance variety, sowing and raising seedlings at appropriate time, transplanting in a field, managing in the field, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting, while optimizing the control indexes of each process step, each process step does not use any chemically synthesized fertilizer, pesticide and growth regulator, does not use genetic engineering and ion radiation technology, but follows the natural law, and adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce diseases and pests, so as to obtain a safe and high-yield planting production system. The chrysanthemum planted by the method has high quality, large flowers, bright color, more petals and no diseases and pests, the yield can be increased by 30% per mu, the survival rate reaches more than 99%, and the incidence rate of diseases and pests is less than 1%.
Example 3:
the method for planting organic marigold in the embodiment 3 includes the following steps:
seedling culture:
a, manufacturing a seedbed: 50 days before sowing, arranging the tedded seedling growing land into a seedbed with the width of 1.2m and the length of 8m, arranging the leeward and sunny place on the seedbed, preferably in the east-west direction, then paving a seedling growing matrix with the thickness of 15cm on the seedbed, wherein the seedling growing matrix consists of 60 percent of humus soil, 20 percent of decomposed farmyard manure and 20 percent of pollution-free sandy soil in percentage by mass, and the seedbed arrangement is required to be finished at the bottom of 3 months;
b, manufacturing an arch shed: spraying 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on a seedbed, then inserting bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed at equal intervals to manufacture an arched shed, then covering the arched shed with a plastic film, compacting the periphery of the plastic film with fine soil, preferably, selecting a polypropylene non-drip film as the plastic film, forbidding use of a polychlorinated film, and after covering the plastic film for 3 days, opening the plastic film to ventilate and dry the seedbed;
c, treating seeds: firstly removing impurities and blighted seeds, selecting full and complete marigold seeds, then placing the marigold seeds in the sun for sunning to kill germs, enhance the seed vitality and improve the germination rate, placing the sunned marigold seeds in warm water at the temperature of 40 ℃ for soaking for 4 hours before sowing, then fishing out the marigold seeds, washing the marigold seeds with clear water once, and sowing after draining the water;
d, sowing: uniformly spreading the soaked marigold seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 5g, covering the marigold seeds with sieved fine soil, the covering thickness of the fine soil cannot exceed 0.5cm, covering a layer of straw or pine wool with the thickness of 8cm on the fine soil, and covering a plastic film after the water is fully poured;
e, seedbed management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in an arched shed at 30 ℃, removing straws or pine hair in time when 80% of marigold seeds grow out, properly reducing the temperature of the arched shed by 5 ℃ when all seedlings grow out, pulling out weeds in a seedbed at any time after the seedlings grow out, ventilating the arched shed in time when the height of the seedlings reaches 5cm, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 25 ℃, ventilating for 8-9 hours in the morning, and not ventilating at high temperature in the noon so as to avoid causing seedling flashing, cooling in the weather of strong wind, stopping ventilation, hardening seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 10cm and the outdoor temperature is stable at 15 ℃, removing a plastic film for hardening the seedlings, transplanting the field when the height of the seedlings reaches 12cm, watering appropriately according to the water shortage degree after the seedlings grow out, stopping watering 10 days before transplanting, and hardening the seedlings before transplanting;
② transplanting in field
a, arranging transplanting places: selecting a plot which is free of waterlogging, convenient to drain and irrigate, sunny and high in organic matter content as a transplanting land, avoiding selecting a sand land as the transplanting land, deeply turning the transplanting land by 25-30 cm before winter, applying 1800kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu in the transplanting land during transplanting, ditching and managing moisture after leveling and raking, wherein the width of a moisture furrow is 75-80 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 90cm, and the moisture height is 35 cm;
b, transplanting in a field: selecting sunny and windless weather, watering the seedbed thoroughly in the day before transplanting, pulling up well-growing marigold seedlings on the day of transplanting, transplanting two rows of seedlings on each moist soil surface, digging a pond on each moist soil surface according to the planting density of 45cm of double row spacing and 55cm of plant spacing, placing the marigold seedlings at the center of the pond according to a planting mode of one seedling in one pond, righting the seedlings, ridging, treading, watering thoroughly, and covering a mulching film on each moist soil surface;
managing the field:
a thinning and replanting: timely performing field inspection one week after transplanting, and timely supplementing seedlings to ensure no leakage of seedlings;
b, intertillage management: when the marigold seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeding and loosening the soil in time to prevent hardening, pinching and topping in time when the plant height reaches 40cm, simultaneously removing the mulching film covered, and intertilling, weeding and earthing up the soil moisture surface;
c, field irrigation and drainage: proper amount of water is added during drought to keep soil moist, no large amount of water is needed for irrigation, water cannot be accumulated in the transplanting land at the later stage, and the accumulated water is timely removed in rainy season;
d, fixing a pile and pulling wires: for transplanting lands with flat terrain, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging, so that the ventilation and light transmittance among the plants are increased;
and fourthly, pest control: the disease and pest control of marigold adopts green prevention and control technology, the disease and pest control of marigold is subject to the plant protection policy of prevention and comprehensive control, the whole-course control technology of the disease and pest of marigold is implemented, the control is carried out by stages according to the occurrence variety and the damage characteristics of the disease and pest in each growth period of marigold, on the basis of strengthening the fertilizer and water management, the control strategy of paying attention to the seedling stage, grasping the growth period and grasping the harvesting period strongly is adopted,
a, source control: the marigold seeds of the disease and pest resistant variety are bred, and the application of the resistant variety in production is the most economic and effective method for preventing and treating the disease and pest;
b, controlling and treating different diseases and insect pests of marigold in the growing period:
1 leaf spot: keeping good ventilation and drainage, timely removing diseased plants at the initial stage of disease onset, intensively burning to reduce the source of disease, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 1 time every 10 days for 4 times;
b.2 aphids: the method is characterized in that as the aphids harmful to flowers are more in variety, sometimes the aphids occur singly, sometimes the aphids occur in a mixed manner, and the aphids are strong in breeding and adaptability, various control methods are difficult to achieve a radical effect, once the aphids are found, the aphids are treated by grasping as soon as possible, a pepper insecticide or botanical matrine is selected to be sprayed on the plants when the aphids are found, the pepper insecticide is prepared by 500g of fresh pepper or dry red pepper and 500g of water are added, the pepper insecticide is boiled for half an hour and then cooled, and the botanical matrine is prepared by blending matrine, stellerin and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 10;
b.3 leaf miner: after the previous crops are harvested, weeds, old leaves, diseased leaves and residual leaves in the transplanting field are timely removed, the weeds, the old leaves, the diseased leaves and the residual leaves are intensively buried or burnt to eliminate insect sources, after the transplanting, pests are trapped and killed by using a yellow board or an insecticidal lamp, the yellow board can be used for trapping and killing according to the yellow tendency of adult leaf miners, a better effect can be achieved under the conditions of lower insect population and protected land, and the insecticidal lamp can be used for trapping and killing according to the phototropism characteristics of the adult leaf miners, so that the effect is more ideal;
b.4 damping-off: strengthening field management, reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, regulating ventilation and light transmission, increasing plant resistance, draining water in time after rainwater, keeping proper temperature and humidity, preventing high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, removing diseased plants in time when diseased plants are found, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 10-15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously spraying for 3-4 times to control diseases;
b.5 underground pests, mole cricket, grub, cutworm, budworm and ant: in winter, the field transplanting land is ploughed and aired, and selected farmyard manure is fully decomposed, so that the egg laying of adults can be reduced; after transplanting, the black light lamp or the manual catching mode is used for preventing and controlling, and the adult cutworms of the cutworm have strong tropism to the black light lamp and can be trapped and killed by the black light lamp in the period of full emergence of the adult insects;
picking: the marigold petals sequentially extend from the flower bud from outside to inside, the marigold petals can be picked when all the petals are unfolded to form a flower ball, the picking is carried out for multiple times, the picking is carried out once every 5-7 days, the picking time is 9 am to 5 pm every day, the picking is carried out in rainy days, the picking is not carried out in dew, the picking is carried out in foggy days, the picking is not carried out in immature days, and the picking is rotten, deteriorated, discolored and impure flowers are not picked.
In this embodiment 3, by selecting a suitable plot, selecting a high-quality, high-yield and high-resistance variety, sowing and raising seedlings at appropriate time, transplanting in a field, managing in the field, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting, while optimizing the control indexes of each process step, each process step does not use any chemically synthesized fertilizer, pesticide and growth regulator, does not use genetic engineering and ion radiation technology, but follows the natural law, and adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce diseases and pests, so as to obtain a safe and high-yield planting production system. The chrysanthemum planted by the method has high quality, large flowers, bright color, more petals and no pests, the yield can be increased by 25% per mu, the survival rate reaches more than 99%, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is less than 1%.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method of the organic marigold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seedling culture:
a, manufacturing a seedbed: after 45-50 days before sowing, arranging the tedded seedling growing land into a seedbed with the width of 1.1-1.2 m and the length of no more than 8m, wherein the seedbed is arranged in the east-west direction, then paving a seedling growing matrix with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the seedbed, wherein the seedling growing matrix consists of 50-60% of humus, 20-40% of decomposed farmyard manure and 15-25% of pollution-free sandy soil in percentage by mass, and the seedbed arrangement needs to be finished at the end of 3 months;
b, manufacturing an arch shed: spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on a seedbed, then inserting bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed at equal intervals to manufacture an arched shed, then covering the arched shed with a plastic film, compacting the periphery of the plastic film with fine soil, covering the plastic film for 2-3 days, and then opening the plastic film to ventilate and dry the seedbed;
c, treating seeds: firstly removing impurities and blighted seeds, selecting full and complete marigold seeds, then placing the marigold seeds in the sun for sun planting, soaking the sun-planted marigold seeds in warm water at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 3-4 h before sowing, then fishing out the marigold seeds, washing the marigold seeds with clear water once, and sowing after moisture is drained;
d, sowing: uniformly spreading the soaked marigold seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 4-5 g, covering the marigold seeds with sieved fine soil after sowing, wherein the covering thickness of the fine soil cannot exceed 0.5cm, then covering a layer of rice straws or pine hairs with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the fine soil, and covering a plastic film after the water is thoroughly poured;
e, seedbed management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 25-30 ℃, removing straws or pine hair in time when 70-80% of marigold seeds grow seedlings, properly reducing the temperature in the arched shed by 3-5 ℃ after all seedlings grow, removing weeds in a seedbed at any time after the seedlings grow, ventilating the arched shed in time when the height of the seedlings reaches 4-5 cm, keeping the temperature in the arched shed at 20-25 ℃, ventilating the seedlings at 8-9 ℃ in the morning, and not ventilating at high temperature in the noon to avoid seedling flashing, stopping ventilation when the temperature of the seedlings is reduced in the weather of strong wind, removing a plastic film to harden the seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 8-10 cm and the outdoor temperature is stable at 15 ℃, and transplanting the seedlings in a field when the height of the seedlings reaches 10-12 cm;
② transplanting in field
a, arranging transplanting places: selecting a plot which is free of waterlogging, convenient to drain and irrigate, sunny and high in organic matter content as a transplanting land, avoiding selecting a sand land as the transplanting land, deeply turning the transplanting land by 25-30 cm before winter, applying 1500-1800 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu in the transplanting land during transplanting, ditching and managing moisture after leveling and raking, wherein the width of a furrow is 75-80 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 80-90 cm, and the height of the moisture is 30-35 cm;
b, transplanting in a field: selecting sunny and windless weather, watering a seedbed thoroughly in one day before transplanting, pulling up marigold seedlings with good growth vigor on the day of transplanting, transplanting two rows of seedlings on each moist soil surface, during transplanting, digging a pond on the moist soil surface according to the planting density of 40-45 cm of double row spacing and 50-55 cm of plant spacing, then placing the marigold seedlings in the center of the pond according to a planting mode of one pond and one seedling, righting the seedlings, ridging, treading, watering thoroughly, and covering a mulching film on the moist soil surface;
managing the field:
a thinning and replanting: timely performing field inspection one week after transplanting, and timely supplementing seedlings to ensure no leakage of seedlings;
b, intertillage management: when the marigold seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeding and loosening the soil in time to prevent hardening, pinching and capping in time when the plant height reaches 30-40 cm, removing the mulching film covered, and intertilling, weeding and earthing up the soil moisture surface;
c, field irrigation and drainage: proper amount of water is added during drought to keep soil moist, no large amount of water is needed for irrigation, water cannot be accumulated in the transplanting land at the later stage, and the accumulated water is timely removed in rainy season;
d, fixing a pile and pulling wires: for transplanting lands with flat terrain, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging, so that the ventilation and light transmittance among the plants are increased;
and fourthly, pest control: the method for controlling diseases and pests of marigold adopts green control technology
a, source control: breeding marigold seeds of disease and pest resistant varieties;
b, controlling and treating different diseases and insect pests of marigold in the growing period:
1 leaf spot: keeping ventilation and good drainage, timely removing diseased plants at the initial stage of disease onset, intensively burning the plants to reduce the source of the disease, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 10-15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days for 3-4 times continuously;
b.2 aphids: spraying a pepper insecticide or botanical matrine on the plants;
b.3 leaf miner: after the previous crops are harvested, weeds, old leaves, diseased leaves and residual leaves in the transplanting field are timely removed, concentrated and deeply buried or burnt to eliminate insect sources, and after the crops are transplanted, yellow boards or insecticidal lamps are used for trapping and killing pests;
b.4 damping-off: strengthening field management, reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, regulating ventilation and light transmission, increasing plant resistance, draining water in time after rainwater, keeping proper temperature and humidity, preventing high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, removing diseased plants in time when diseased plants are found, spraying Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 10-15% before and at the initial stage of disease onset for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously spraying for 3-4 times to control diseases;
b.5 underground pests, mole cricket, grub, cutworm, budworm and ant: in winter, the field transplanting land is ploughed and aired, and selected farmyard manure is fully decomposed, so that the egg laying of adults can be reduced; after transplanting, preventing and treating by using a black light lamp or a manual capturing mode;
picking: the marigold petals sequentially extend from the flower bud from outside to inside, the marigold petals can be picked when all the petals are unfolded to form a flower ball, the picking is carried out for multiple times, the picking is carried out once every 5-7 days, the picking time is 9 am to 5 pm every day, the picking is carried out in rainy days, the picking is not carried out in dew, the picking is carried out in foggy days, the picking is not carried out in immature days, and the picking is rotten, deteriorated, discolored and impure flowers are not picked.
2. The planting method of organic marigold according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step e of the step I, after seedlings are completely grown, watering can be properly carried out according to the water shortage degree, watering is stopped 7-10 days before transplanting, and seedlings are hardened before transplanting.
3. The planting method of organic marigold according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step d of the step I, a polypropylene non-drip film is selected as the plastic film.
4. The planting method of organic marigold according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step b.2 of the step (iv), 500g of fresh pepper or dry red pepper is adopted as the pepper pesticide, 300-500 g of water is added, and the pepper pesticide is prepared by boiling for half an hour and then cooling.
5. The planting method of organic marigold according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step b.2 of the step iv, the plant-derived matrine is prepared by blending matrine, chamaejasmine and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-2: 5-10.
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| CN113142005A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 云南立达尔生物科技有限公司 | Production and planting method of marigold seeds |
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