CN111622277B - Test device and test method for simulating influence of pile end cavities on bearing performance of pile foundation - Google Patents
Test device and test method for simulating influence of pile end cavities on bearing performance of pile foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111622277B CN111622277B CN202010484765.2A CN202010484765A CN111622277B CN 111622277 B CN111622277 B CN 111622277B CN 202010484765 A CN202010484765 A CN 202010484765A CN 111622277 B CN111622277 B CN 111622277B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating the influence of a cavity near a pile end on the bearing performance of a pile foundation. The testing device comprises a semicircular model box, an organic glass plate, a water injection system, a loading motor and an industrial camera. The water injection system is adopted to inject water into a sand layer in the mould box to simulate the overflow condition of damaged water flow of an underground pipeline and the condition of a hole in the soil layer caused by the overflow condition; and setting control points and mark points in the sand layer area, and analyzing the process of cavity formation and the displacement change condition of sand particles in the sand layer in the loading process of the model pile by a particle image velocimetry method according to the pictures shot by the industrial camera. The invention has reasonable structure and simple operation, can be used for researching the influence of the existence of the cavity near the pile end on the bearing performance of the pile foundation and the influence rule of different cavity positions and different cavity sizes on the bearing performance of the pile foundation, and provides an effective means for researching the influence of the existence of the cavity near the pile end on the bearing performance of the pile end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device for researching the influence of underground cavities on the bearing performance of a pile foundation in the field of geotechnical engineering, which can be used for researching the influence rule of different cavity positions and sizes on the bearing performance of the pile foundation.
Background
In recent years, accidents such as road surface collapse, building inclination, collapse and the like due to underground cavities frequently occur, and huge socioeconomic losses are caused. Researchers and engineering technicians in the field of geotechnical engineering at home and abroad begin to research the formation mechanism and the development process of the cavity. The underground cavity is mainly caused by the internal erosion of the nearby soil body due to the breakage of an underground water pipeline and the like, and the volume of the cavity can be gradually developed along with the time. When the cavity is buried shallowly, the cavity volume is developed to a certain degree to cause the collapse of the upper soil layer, and most road surface collapse accidents occurring in many cities at home and abroad are caused by the development of the cavity. Scholars at home and abroad analyze and study the reasons of road surface collapse in cities, and study the formation mechanism of underground cavities and the development process of the cavities; meanwhile, geophysical exploration technical methods for detecting shallow cavities are also provided.
At present, the research on underground cavities mainly focuses on the underground cavities with shallow burial depth, the influence of the underground cavities on the stability of a road subgrade is caused, and the research on the bearing performance of the foundation of a building by the underground cavities with deep burial depth is not carried out. When there is the cavity near the pile foundation pile tip position of building, can exert an influence to the bearing capacity of pile foundation, when cavity and pile tip distance are more close or cavity volume is great, can greatly reduce the ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundation to probably lead to the building to collapse, cause serious loss of lives and property.
The existence of holes near the pile foundation of a building brings great safety hazards to the building, however, related researches on the aspects are not available at present. When the underground cavity is far away from the pile foundation or the cavity volume is small, the influence of the existence of the cavity on the pile foundation is small; and when the cavity is nearer apart from the pile foundation or the cavity volume is great, can influence the bearing performance of pile foundation, need handle underground cavity this moment. The research is carried out on the influence on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the cavity exists near the pile end, the influence rule on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the position of the cavity is different and the size of the cavity is different is researched, the size of the cavity needing to be processed and the critical value of the distance between the cavity and the pile foundation are summarized, the scientific basis is provided for relevant engineering problems in actual engineering, and the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to research the influence of the holes near the pile end on the bearing performance of the pile foundation, and can be used for simulating the influence of different hole positions and different hole sizes on the bearing performance of the pile foundation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a test device for simulating the influence of a cavity near a pile end on the bearing performance of a pile foundation comprises a semicircular model box, an organic glass plate, a water injection system, a loading motor and an industrial camera;
the semicircular model box consists of a model box base and a semicircular model box frame welded on the base; the model box base consists of a bottom plate and a support, and the bottom plate is directly welded on the support; water injection holes are arranged on the bottom plate at intervals; the organic glass plate is fixed on the semicircular model box frame to be used as an observation surface; a sand layer with a certain thickness is filled at the bottom of the semicircular model box; a clay layer is filled on the sand layer; marking points need to be arranged in the sand layer filling process and are used for observing the displacement change of the sand layer in the test process; a control point for image analysis is arranged in the sandy soil layer area on the inner side of the organic glass plate, and a thin organic glass plate is covered on the inner side of the organic glass plate, so that the control point cannot move in the test process; a soil pressure sensor is also embedded in the sandy soil layer and used for testing the soil pressure at the pile end in the test process; after the clay layer is filled, placing a model pile into a model box, wherein the model pile can be a precast pile or a cast-in-place pile, and the section of the model pile is semicircular; the water injection system consists of an air compressor, a water storage tank and a water injection pipe, wherein one end of the water injection pipe is connected with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water injection pipe enters a sand layer through a water injection hole in the bottom plate; the loading motor is fixed above the semicircular model box; the industrial camera is used for shooting photos of the sand layer in the semicircular model box at regular intervals in the test process, so that the displacement change condition of the sand layer in the test process is recorded.
In the above technical solution, further, the ratio of the diameter of the semicircular model box frame to the diameter of the model pile is not less than 10;
the distance between the pile end of the model pile and the bottom plate is not less than 20 times of the diameter of the model pile.
Furthermore, the pile end of the model pile needs to enter a sand layer 1-3, and the depth of the pile end entering the sand layer needs to be more than 2 times of the diameter of the model pile.
Furthermore, the soil pressure sensor is arranged at different depths and different distances below the pile end of the model pile and used for measuring the vertical soil pressure.
Further, the model pile can be a precast pile or a cast-in-place pile, and if the model pile is the precast pile, the precast pile is pressed into the soil body through the model pile by a loading motor after the soil body is filled; if the pile is cast-in-place, after the soil body is filled, drilling is carried out, and the model pile is cast in the drilled space.
Furthermore, water injection holes are formed in the bottom plate of the model box at regular intervals, one water injection hole is opened in each test, and other water injection holes are closed.
Further, the water injection system injects water into the water injection hole through the air compressor, and simulates the process of overflowing of water flow caused by the broken underground pipeline.
Further, the sand layer in the model case can appear the inside condition of corroding after receiving the effect of the rivers of water injection hole department, can produce a cavity near the water injection hole, and the cavity size is adjusted according to water injection pressure and water injection time, stops the water injection when the cavity size reaches the experimental requirement.
Furthermore, two support columns are arranged on the framework of the semicircular model box, the loading motor is fixed above the semicircular model box through the two support columns, and a cross beam of the loading motor can move in the vertical direction along the support columns through pulleys, so that the loading motor is driven to move up and down.
Furthermore, according to the control points and the mark points, the sand displacement change condition in the sand layer in the test process can be obtained by analyzing the pictures shot by the industrial camera through a computer program.
The invention also provides a test method for simulating the influence of the pile end with the cavity on the bearing performance of the pile foundation, which is realized based on the device and comprises the following steps:
pasting a control point for image analysis in the sandy soil layer area on the inner side of the organic glass plate, and then covering a thin organic glass plate on the inner side of the organic glass plate, so that the control point cannot move in the test process; firstly filling a sand layer in the semicircular model box, and arranging mark points for observing the displacement change of the sand layer in the test process in the sand layer filling process; meanwhile, in the process of filling a sandy soil layer, a plurality of soil pressure sensors are embedded at different depths and different distances below the pile end of the model pile; after the sand layer is filled, filling a clay layer on the sand layer; after filling the clay layer, placing the model pile into a semicircular model box, wherein the model pile is a precast pile or a cast-in-place pile; after the model pile is arranged, a certain water injection hole on the bottom plate is opened, water flow is injected into the sand layer through the water injection hole through a water injection system, a cavity is formed near the water injection hole, the size of the cavity can be controlled according to water injection pressure and water injection time (the cavity development process can be directly observed through an organic glass plate), and the sand layer area is shot through an industrial camera in the water injection process; the hole size closes the water injection hole after reaching the design requirement, loads the model stake through the loading motor, and loading in-process industry camera shoots the sand layer region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the water injection system is adopted to inject water through the water injection holes arranged at the bottom of the model box, so that the overflow condition of the damaged water flow of the underground pipeline and the condition of a cavity in a soil layer caused by the overflow condition can be simulated.
2. According to the method, the control points and the mark points are arranged in the sand layer area, and the cavity forming process in the sand layer with the bottom water injection and the displacement change condition of sand particles in the sand layer in the loading process of the model pile can be analyzed through a particle image velocimetry method according to the pictures shot by the industrial camera.
3. The invention can adjust the position relation between the underground cavity and the pile foundation and the size of the underground cavity, and can research the influence rule of different relative positions between the cavity and the pile foundation and different sizes of the cavity on the bearing performance of the pile foundation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the test apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bottom flooding process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the test apparatus when the voids are small;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the test apparatus when the cavity is large;
in the figure: the device comprises a semicircular model box 1, a model box base 1-1, a bottom plate 1-1-1, a support 1-1-2, a water injection hole 1-1-3, a semicircular model box frame 1-2, a sand layer 1-3, a clay layer 1-4, a model pile 1-5, a mark point 1-6, a soil pressure sensor 1-7, a cavity 1-8, an organic glass plate 2, a control point 2-1, a second organic glass plate 2-2, a water injection system 3, an air compressor 3-1, a pressure gauge 3-1-1, a pressure regulating switch 3-1-2, a water storage tank 3-2, a water injection pipe 3-3, a water injection valve 3-1, a loading motor 4, a support 4-1, a beam 4-2, a pulley 4-3, a water injection hole, an industrial camera 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the test device of the present invention can simulate the study on the influence of the voids near the pile end on the bearing performance of the pile foundation, and simultaneously, can study on the influence rule of the voids on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the relative positions of the voids and the pile foundation are different and the sizes of the voids are different. The test device comprises: the device comprises a semicircular model box 1, an organic glass plate 2, a water injection system 3, a loading motor 4 and an industrial camera 5. The semicircular model box 1 consists of a model box base 1-1 and a semicircular model box frame 1-2 welded on the model box base 1-1; the model box base 1-1 consists of a bottom plate 1-1-1 and a support 1-1-2, and the bottom plate 1-1-1 is directly welded on the support 1-1-2; the thickness of the bottom plate 1-1-1 is 50mm, water injection holes 1-1-3 are arranged on the bottom plate 1-1-1 at intervals, and the interval between every two adjacent water injection holes is generally 20-50 cm; the semicircular model box frame 1-2 is a semicircular arc, is made of a steel plate with the thickness of 10mm, and has the diameter of 2 m; the organic glass plate 2 is fixed on the semicircular model box frame 1-2 to be used as an observation surface, and the thickness of the organic glass plate 2 is 10 mm; firstly filling a sand layer 1-3 with a certain thickness at the bottom in the semicircular model box 1; in the sand layer 1-3 filling process, mark points 1-6 are required to be arranged for observing the displacement change of the sand layer in the test process, the transverse and vertical distances of the mark points are generally between 20 and 50mm, and a plurality of soil pressure sensors 1-7 are required to be embedded at different depths and different distances below the pile ends of the model piles 1-5; after the sand layer 1-3 is filled, filling a clay layer 1-4 on the sand layer; after the clay layers 1-4 are filled, placing model piles 1-5 into a model box, wherein the model piles can be precast piles or cast-in-place piles, and the diameter of each model pile is less than 200 mm; the organic glass plate 2 is fixed on a semicircular model box frame 1-2 to serve as an observation surface, a control point 2-1 for image analysis is pasted in a sand layer 1-3 area filled on the inner side of the organic glass plate 2, the transverse and vertical spacing of the control point is generally 100-200mm, and then a layer of thin second organic glass plate 2-2 is covered on the inner side of the organic glass plate 2, so that the control point 2-1 cannot move in the test process; the water injection system 3 consists of an air compressor 3-1, a water storage tank 3-2 and a water injection pipe 3-3, one end of the water injection pipe 3-3 is connected with the water storage tank 3-2, and the other end of the water injection pipe enters a sand layer 1-3 through a water injection hole 1-1-3 on the bottom plate; two support columns 4-1 are welded on the semicircular model box frame 1-2, the loading motor 4 is fixed above the model box through the two support columns 4-1, and a cross beam 4-2 of the loading motor can move along the support columns 4-1 in the vertical direction through pulleys 4-3 so as to drive the loading motor 4 to move up and down; and the industrial camera 5 shoots 1-3 photos of the sandy soil layer in the model box at regular intervals in the test process to record the displacement change condition of the sandy soil layer in the test process.
The invention relates to a test method for simulating the influence of a hollow hole at a pile end on the bearing performance of a pile foundation, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pasting a control point 2-1 for image analysis in a sandy soil layer 1-3 area on the inner side of an organic glass plate 2, and then covering a thin organic glass plate 2-2 on the inner side of the organic glass plate 2, so that the control point 2-1 cannot move in the test process; firstly filling a sandy soil layer 1-3 in the semicircular model box 1, and arranging marking points 1-6 for observing the displacement change of the sandy soil layer in the test process in the sandy soil layer filling process; meanwhile, in the process of filling a sandy soil layer, a plurality of soil pressure sensors 1-7 are required to be embedded at different depths and different distances below the pile end of the model pile 1-5; after the sand layer is filled, filling a clay layer 1-4 on the sand layer; after filling the clay layer, placing the model piles 1-5 into the soil layer, wherein the model piles can be precast piles or cast-in-place piles, when the model piles are precast piles, after filling the soil body, pressing the precast piles into the soil body by using the loading motor to press the model piles 4, and when the model piles are cast-in-place piles, drilling holes and casting the model piles in the drilled spaces after filling the soil body; after the model pile is arranged, a certain water injection hole 1-1-3 on a bottom plate 1-1-1 of the model box is opened, water flow is injected into a sandy soil layer 1-3 through the water injection hole 1-1-3 through a water injection system 3, so that a cavity 1-8 appears near the water injection hole, the size of the cavity can be controlled according to water injection pressure and water injection time (for a certain soil body, the cavity development rule of the soil body can be summarized by adjusting the water injection time or the water injection pressure in the test process, the specific cavity development process can be directly observed through an organic glass plate), and a region 1-3 of the sandy soil layer is shot through an industrial camera 5 in the water injection process; and after the size of the hole meets the design requirement, closing the water injection hole 1-1-3, loading the model pile 1-5 through the loading motor 4, and shooting the sand layer 1-3 area by the industrial camera 5 in the loading process. The load and the displacement applied by the loading motor 4 can be automatically read and stored, the soil pressure change rule of the soil body at the pile end in the test process is automatically measured by a static strain tester, and the displacement change rule of the sand particles in the sand layer in the test process can be obtained by analyzing pictures shot by an industrial camera through computer software.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test device to pile foundation bearing capacity influence when simulation pile tip exists the cavity which characterized in that: the device comprises a semicircular model box (1), an organic glass plate (2), a water injection system (3), a loading motor (4) and an industrial camera (5);
the semicircular model box (1) consists of a model box base (1-1) and a semicircular model box frame (1-2) welded on the model box base (1-1); the model box base (1-1) consists of a bottom plate (1-1-1) and a support (1-1-2), and the bottom plate (1-1-1) is directly welded on the support (1-1-2); the bottom plate (1-1-1) is provided with water injection holes (1-1-3); the organic glass plate (2) is fixed on the semicircular model box frame (1-2) to be used as an observation surface; a sand layer (1-3) is filled at the bottom of the semicircular model box (1), and a clay layer (1-4) is filled on the sand layer; the sandy soil layer (1-3) is internally provided with mark points (1-6) for observing the displacement change of the sandy soil layer in the test process; a control point (2-1) for image analysis is arranged in the sand layer (1-3) area on the inner side of the organic glass plate (2); a soil pressure sensor (1-7) is also embedded in the sandy soil layer and used for testing the soil pressure at the pile end in the test process; a model pile (1-5) is arranged at the circle center of the semicircular model box (1), and the section of the model pile (1-5) is semicircular; the water injection system (3) consists of an air compressor (3-1), a water storage tank (3-2) and a water injection pipe (3-3), one end of the water injection pipe (3-3) is connected with the water storage tank (3-2), and the other end of the water injection pipe enters a sand layer (1-3) through a water injection hole (1-1-3) in the bottom plate (1-1-1); the loading motor (4) is fixed above the semicircular model box (1); the industrial camera (5) is used for shooting a picture of the sand layer (1-3) in the semicircular model box (1) in the test process, so that the displacement change condition of the sand layer (1-3) in the test process is recorded.
2. The test device for simulating the influence on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the pile end has the hollow space according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the semicircular model box frame (1-2) to the diameter of the model pile (1-5) is not less than 10; the distance between the pile end of the model pile (1-5) and the bottom plate (1-1-1) is not less than 20 times of the diameter of the model pile.
3. The test device for simulating the influence of the pile end with the cavity on the bearing performance of the pile foundation according to claim 1, wherein the pile end of the model pile (1-5) needs to enter a sandy soil layer (1-3), and the depth of the pile end entering the sandy soil layer needs to be more than 2 times of the diameter of the model pile.
4. The test device for simulating the influence of the pile end with the cavity on the bearing performance of the pile foundation according to claim 1, wherein the soil pressure sensors (1-7) are arranged at different depths and different horizontal distances below the pile end of the model pile (1-5) and used for measuring the vertical soil pressure.
5. The test device for simulating the influence on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the hollow exists at the pile end according to claim 1, is characterized in that the water injection holes (1-1-3) on the bottom plate (1-1-1) of the model box are opened only one in each test, and the other water injection holes are closed.
6. The test device for simulating the influence on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the pile end has the cavity is characterized in that the water injection system (3) injects water flow into the water injection holes (1-1-3) through the air compressor (3-1) to simulate the process of overflowing water flow when the underground pipeline is broken.
7. The test device for simulating the influence of the pile tip on the bearing performance of the pile foundation in the presence of the hollow hole is characterized in that the sandy soil layer (1-3) is subjected to the action of water flow at the water injection hole (1-1-3) to generate an internal erosion condition, and the hollow hole (1-8) is generated near the water injection hole (1-1-3).
8. The test device for simulating the influence on the bearing performance of the pile foundation when the pile end has the hollow space is characterized in that two supporting columns (4-1) are arranged on the semicircular model box frame (1-2), the loading motor (4) is fixed above the semicircular model box (1) through the supporting columns (4-1), and the loading motor (4) can freely move in the vertical direction along the supporting columns.
9. The test device for simulating the influence of the pile tip with the cavity on the bearing performance of the pile foundation according to claim 1, wherein the displacement change condition of the sand layer (1-3) in the test process can be obtained by processing the picture of the sand layer (1-3) shot by the industrial camera (5) through a computer program according to the control point (2-1) and the mark point (1-6).
10. A test method for simulating the influence of a hollow at a pile end on the bearing performance of a pile foundation, which is realized based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:
pasting a control point (2-1) for image analysis in the region of a sandy soil layer (1-3) on the inner side of the organic glass plate (2), and then covering a second organic glass plate (2-2) on the inner side of the organic glass plate (2) so that the control point (2-1) cannot move in the test process; firstly filling a sandy soil layer (1-3) in the semicircular model box (1), and arranging marking points (1-6) for observing the displacement change of the sandy soil layer in the test process in the sandy soil layer filling process; meanwhile, in the process of filling the sand layer (1-3), a plurality of soil pressure sensors (1-7) are buried at different depths and different distances below the pile end of the model pile (1-5); after the sand layer (1-3) is filled, filling a clay layer (1-4) on the sand layer; after the clay layers (1-4) are filled, placing the model piles (1-5) into the semicircular model box (1), wherein the model piles (1-5) are precast piles or cast-in-place piles; opening a certain water injection hole (1-1-3) on the bottom plate (1-1-1), injecting water flow into the sandy soil layer (1-3) through the water injection hole (1-1-3) through a water injection system (3), enabling a hollow hole (1-8) to appear near the water injection hole (1-1-3), and shooting the sandy soil layer (1-3) area through an industrial camera (5) in the water injection process; after the size of the cavity (1-8) meets the design requirement, the water injection hole (1-1-3) is closed, the model pile (1-5) is loaded through the loading motor (4), and the industrial camera (5) shoots the sand layer (1-3) area in the loading process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010484765.2A CN111622277B (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Test device and test method for simulating influence of pile end cavities on bearing performance of pile foundation |
| JP2022504726A JP7236781B2 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2021-04-26 | Test equipment and test method for simulating the effect on bearing performance of pile foundation due to the presence of cavities at pile ends |
| PCT/CN2021/089804 WO2021244185A1 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2021-04-26 | Testing apparatus and testing method for simulating influence of cavity existing on pile end on bearing performance of pile foundation |
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| CN202010484765.2A CN111622277B (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Test device and test method for simulating influence of pile end cavities on bearing performance of pile foundation |
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| CN111622277A CN111622277A (en) | 2020-09-04 |
| CN111622277B true CN111622277B (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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| CN111622277B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-05-07 | 浙江大学 | Test device and test method for simulating influence of pile end cavities on bearing performance of pile foundation |
| CN114277858B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-07-18 | 中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Indoor simulation test device for tubular pile settlement and strain measurement of boulder stratum |
| CN114215122B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-10-14 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Testing device and method for instability of transmission tower foundation under karst soil cave development condition |
| CN115369932B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-05-19 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Bearing capacity test device and method for indoor engineering pile model |
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2020
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2021244185A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| CN111622277A (en) | 2020-09-04 |
| JP2022542132A (en) | 2022-09-29 |
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