CN105675846A - Foundation pit excavation model testing device capable of cooperatively hoisting phreatic water level and pressure-bearing water head - Google Patents
Foundation pit excavation model testing device capable of cooperatively hoisting phreatic water level and pressure-bearing water head Download PDFInfo
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a foundation pit excavation model testing device capable of cooperatively hoisting a phreatic water level and a pressure-bearing water head. The foundation pit excavation model testing device comprises a model box, a water tank, a symmetrical plane soil retaining unit, a foundation pit supporting structure, a pressure-bearing empty space, a pressure-bearing water head adjusting system and a measuring system, wherein the model box comprises a model box framework and a counter-force plate; the water tank is arranged at the upper right side in the model box; the symmetrical plane soil retaining unit is fixed on the model box framework through bolts; the pressure-bearing empty space is arranged at the bottom of the model box and is connected with the pressure-bearing water head adjusting system; and the pressure-bearing water head adjusting system is compose of a water pressure gauge, a Marriott bottle and a bracket. The foundation pit excavation model testing device can be used for simulating the hoisting of the phreatic water level and the pressure-bearing water head in a foundation pit excavation process; water-soil pressure and deformation of a foundation pit under different phreatic water levels and pressure-bearing water heads are measured, related testing data is sorted, foundation pit stress, deformation development rules and the like are determined, effective testing data supports are provided for researching foundation pit problems caused by the hoisting of the phreatic water levels and the pressure-bearing water heads, and evidences are provided for theoretical analysis models in the future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of excavation models assay device, particularly relate to the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus under phreatic table and artesian head jacking conditions, can be used for the interaction between bearing course and the weak water penetration soil mass of foundation pit of overlying when simulated diving position and artesian head lifting, under the different phreatic table of research and artesian head, the Water And Earth Pressures of foundation ditch responds and problem on deformation.
Background technology
In strand, riparian area rich groundwater, engineering often faces below aquiclude at the bottom of Deep Foundation Pit and remains the situation at bearing course, owing to the seasonal variety etc. of large-scale precipitation, seasonal drought, river or Lake Water bit line will cause that phreatic table and artesian head lift, thus affecting foundation ditch Water And Earth Pressures, deformation and stability further, phreatic table and the artesian head foundation pit deformation that causes of lifting and destabilization problems are one of material risk sources of such area deep-foundation pit engineering.
The soil mass water soil pressure that set soil constitutive model, calculated phreatic table and artesian head lifting cause is adopted to have very big dependency with deformation size to calculating choosing of parameter compared to the research of economics analysis method and finite element numerical method; In Practical Project, the more difficult Water And Earth Pressures carried out (being positioned at excavation of foundation pit region) at the bottom of Foundation Pit is monitored in real time, carries out engineering monitoring data statistic analysis similar in a large number to obtain phreatic table and the method for deformation rule of hole end aquiclude that artesian head lifting causes also is difficult to realize; In view of geotechnical model test under Chang Chongli, do not affect Soil Microstructure, soil particle size and soil particle interphase interaction relation are consistent with practical situation, the interaction between subsoil water and the soil particle of soil mass of foundation pit can be objectively responded, be widely used in considering the microexamination of resistance to shear of soil strain stress relation.
At present, the research of the relevant geotechnical model test of traditional groundwater effect, being left out in water gas enters the unsaturated soil problem that the test soil body is likely to cause; Consider the excavation models test of constant phreatic table effect, have research (Peng Shuquan. sand barricade failure mechanism grand thin see research [D]. Tongji University, 2007.) adopt thin film to connect retaining wall and model casing by smearing the method for epoxy resin after corona, the method can obtain excess pore water pressure, soil pressure and foundation pit deformation data in the test soil body, but film corona technique is complex, when lateral diaphragm wall displacement is bigger, thin film is likely to tear in moving process or owing to soil particle friction causes breakage, it is impossible to smoothly completes test or is repeated test.Consider the excavation models test of groundwater level change impact, have research (Sun Wei. the test of coastal region deep basal pit character and theoretical research [D]. Zhejiang University, 2015.) adopt fixed retaining wall method, the method can only obtain the situation of change of excess pore water pressure in the soil body, soil pressure change accurately and foundation pit deformation data cannot be obtained, still suffer from larger difference with actual base pit engineering response condition under phreatic table and artesian head lift action.
In excavation models is tested, great majority research completes the foundation ditch stress under operating mode for every one-level excavation and propping and deformation launches, and does not consider stress and the deformation of foundation ditch foundation ditch in excavation or propping process. in the model test considering Excavation Process, research is had to adopt earth bag (the AzevedoRF.CentrifugeandAnalyticalModellingofExcavationin Sand.PhDthesis of the weight such as unloading equal-volume, UniversityofColorado, Boulder, CO, USA, 1983.) or discharge generation soil liquid (BoltonMDandPowrieW.Thecollapseofdiaphragmwallsretainingc lay.G é otechnique, 1987, 37 (3): 335-353.) the method simulation soil excavation unloading such as, this type of method can not the change of stress field in the soil body that causes of accurate simulation excavation of foundation pit, the foundation ditch stress and the deformation that cause with actual excavation of foundation pit still suffer from certain difference. the model test employing pre-plugged of a large amount of simulating excavation installs the method for the retaining wall of support, the direct excavation pit soil body, propping operation need not be carried out again, the method is relatively simple, but preset all inner supports all will in whole digging process stress, obviously and the foundation ditch stressing conditions of Practical Project inconsistent, also cannot the stress of foundation ditch and deformation in non-propping situation in accurate simulation Excavation Process. having research to adopt hydraulic jack to apply, to retaining wall support, the installation that the method simulation of power supports at present, the method adopts hydraulic means more complicated, the method inapplicable when excavation of foundation pit width is bigger. additionally the excavation plane of symmetry of most excavation of foundation pit models is vertical fixing baffle plate, realizes excavation of foundation pit by grabbing downwards soil or soil digging, and the method can not excavate soil layer, the soil body that meeting disturbance is not excavated by clear definition, the method is loaded down with trivial details, not easily operates, and when particularly the soil body larger in size or needs excavation of excavation of foundation pit model is more, the workload of test operation is quite big. therefore, how to realize soil excavation and support exactly and the Important Problems being to need in excavation of foundation pit model test to solve is installed.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides phreatic table and artesian head works in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, solve phreatic table and artesian head in test and work in coordination with the problem of modelling of lifting, simulated diving position and artesian head can work in coordination with during lifting the interaction between subsoil water and soil mass of foundation pit, measure Water And Earth Pressures and the deformation of foundation ditch under different phreatic table and artesian head, arrange correlation test data and determine that phreatic table and artesian head work in coordination with the problems such as stress and the development of deformation rule of foundation ditch during lifting, lift, for phreatic table and artesian head, the foundation ditch Study on Problems caused and effective test data support is provided, and provide foundation for theoretical analysis model afterwards.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of phreatic table and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, regulates system and seven parts of measurement system including model casing, water tank, some planes of symmetry gear soil unit, foundation pit supporting construction, pressure-bearing Stilt layer, artesian head;Described model casing is made up of model casing framework, safety glass, model casing base plate, top frame, reaction plate and model casing base; The bottom fixed model box plate of described model casing framework, safety glass is fixed in former and later two sides; Described model casing framework and reaction plate are each attached on model casing base, and top connects by pushing up frame; The bottom right side of described model casing installs the second water flowing valve of connection pressure-bearing Stilt layer, regulates system for connection mode molding box and artesian head;
Described water tank is formed by with the aluminium sheet of limbers, bar shaped aluminium sheet, tank bracket, tank bracket fixed screw, rule and the first water flowing valve, is erected at the upper right side in model casing by tank bracket, for the fluctuation in stage controlling and observing in the soil body; The described surface of aluminum plate with limbers pastes anti-filter geotextile, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in groundwater change process; Described rule is pasted onto on safety glass, can be used for directly observation and record phreatic table situation of change; Described first water flowing valve is arranged on the right side of model casing in order to joining water box;
Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit is U-shaped stainless steel strip, is bolted on model casing framework; Being connected by H type watertight rubber bar between described U-shaped stainless steel strip, U-shaped stainless steel strip is connected by S type watertight rubber bar with model casing framework;
Described foundation pit supporting construction includes retaining wall, retaining wall support and some support units; Bracket fixing bolt fixed retaining wall support is passed through on described retaining wall top, and middle part has screwed hole, by the fixing bolt of the support needed for the threaded installation support unit of screwed hole, the fixing watertight rubber bar of both sides fluting; Described watertight rubber bar ensures not leak with model casing contact surface in retaining wall moving process; One end of described support unit has inner thread mouth, and inner thread mouth is connected with supporting fixing bolt thread, it is achieved the installation of support unit;
Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer is formed by with the corrosion resistant plate of limbers, rustless steel short column and anti-filter geotextile; Described with fixing rustless steel short column bottom the corrosion resistant plate of limbers, it is positioned on the model casing base plate in model casing, and is connected with four side seals of model casing; The described corrosion resistant plate surface mount anti-filter geotextile with limbers;
Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge, mariotte flask and support; Described hydraulic pressure gauge passes through tee T connection mode molding box and mariotte flask; Being provided with fixed pulley on described support, steel wire rope is walked around fixed pulley and is connected mariotte flask and hand-operated device, is controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask by hand-operated device; Described mariotte flask is made up of plexiglass cylinder, air intake valve, T-way water valve door, the gentle capsule of valve of giving vent to anger; Arranging air intake valve and T-way water valve door bottom described plexiglass cylinder, top arranges valve of giving vent to anger; Described air intake valve is connected with air bag;
Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera; Described miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer pass through signal transmssion line connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument; Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead.
Further, described support unit includes solid aluminum bar, expansion link and support connecting bolt; Having some grooves on described solid aluminum bar, one end has inner thread mouth;Described expansion link is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link has some screwed holes; Described support connecting bolt props up the groove of solid aluminum bar through the screwed hole on expansion link.
Further, described support unit includes the first support bar, the second support bar and sleeve; One end of described first support bar has external screw thread; One end of described second support bar has inner thread mouth, and the other end has external screw thread; Described sleeve has female thread passage, and threaded one end connects the first support bar, threaded second support bar of the other end.
Further, described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved; Can need to set up light source according to shooting.
Further, described model casing framework is welded by rustless steel steel bar thick for 10mm and stainless-steel sheet; Described safety glass is arranged on inside model casing framework by building glue; Described model casing base plate and reaction plate are the stainless-steel sheet that 10mm is thick; Described top frame is welded by the rustless steel steel bar that 20mm is thick; Described model casing main body and reaction plate are fixed on model casing base by surrounding spot welding; Described retaining wall is aluminium sheet, and its thickness is obtained by the retaining wall Rigidity Calculation of test simulation; Described retaining wall support is the strip aluminum plate that 20mm is thick; Described retaining wall keeps vertical with safety glass all the time in moving process; Described first water flowing valve, the second water flowing valve, air intake valve, T-way water valve door, valve of giving vent to anger are copper core valve.
Further, the diameter of described solid aluminum bar, the wall thickness of expansion link, the diameter of the first support bar, the diameter of the second support bar and the wall thickness of sleeve obtain by the Rigidity Calculation of the inner support of test simulation.
Further, described air bag is built with the nitrogen of 1atm.
Further, the liquid in described water tank and plexiglass cylinder is air free water.
Further, the test of the bottom in the model casing soil body is gravelly sand; The overlying test soil body is the weak water penetration soil body.
Further, the described weak water penetration soil body is clay silt; Described gravelly sand and the weak water penetration soil body adopt air free water saturated.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the air free water saturation testing soil body before the test, process of the test provides depletion of QI artesian water environment, the hole making the test soil body is full of air free water, operate as above 2 benefits: one is avoid underwater bubble to enter weak water penetration soil layer to cause the unsaturation problem (compared with saturated soil, the mechanical characteristic of unsaturated soil exists larger difference and uncertainty) of the soil body; Two is avoid underwater bubble to disturb miniature pore water pressure sensor to affect its certainty of measurement.
2, water tank of the present invention is erected in model casing, adopt the gap between glass cement sealing radiator and model casing, aluminium sheet with limbers makes water level in water tank connect with test soil body water level, it is possible to by the lifting with simulation test soil body phreatic table of the water level in regulating tank; Rule on water tank is pasted onto on safety glass, it is simple to directly observation and record phreatic table situation of change. Adopt the mariotte flask improved, by the air pressure inside and outside the nitrogen balance mariotte flask in air bag, nitrogen is utilized to be insoluble in the characteristic of water, depletion of QI artesian water environment is built, the soil body unsaturated soil problem that when being prevented effectively from the mariotte flask water supply of routine, bubble soluble in water causes for the test soil body; The height utilizing the fixing mariotte flask of auto-lock function of hand-operated device ensures to provide stable artesian head pressure; Hydraulic pressure gauge connection mode molding box regulates system with artesian head, can accurately read the size of the artesian head pressure of applying.
3, the pressure-bearing Stilt layer in the present invention can realize on the one hand from bottom to top the test soil body in abundant saturated model case, is conducive to the discharge of gas in the test soil body;Connection artesian head regulates the system artesian head to provide pressure-bearing gravel layer different on the other hand, close with the mode of occurence of natural artesian water; Pressure-bearing gravel layer directly contacts interaction between bearing course and the weak water penetration soil layer of overlying in objective simulation artesian head lifting process with overlying weak water penetration soil layer, is conducive to disclosing the response of soil mass of foundation pit Water And Earth Pressures and the soil mass of foundation pit deformation rule that artesian head lifting causes further. Aluminium sheet in water tank belt limbers and the surface mount anti-filter geotextile of the pressure-bearing Stilt layer corrosion resistant plate with limbers, it is prevented that in groundwater change process, test the loss of the soil body. Research experiment under normal gravity condition, does not affect the microstructure of soil mass of foundation pit so that soil particle size and soil particle interphase interaction relation are consistent with practical situation, are conducive to carrying out the microexamination relating to soil particle interphase interaction.
4, the present invention adopts water tank and pressure-bearing Stilt layer to control the collaborative lifting of phreatic table and artesian head, it is possible to achieve the experimental implementation of following three types:
(1) the first water flowing valve (phreatic table is constant) of water tank is closed, regulate the size of mariotte flask Level Change artesian head, soil mass of foundation pit Water And Earth Pressures is responded by research artesian head lifting, the impact of deformation, by the waterline situation that water tank graduation mark shows, know the artesian water lifting impact on the latent phreatic table change of foundation ditch;
(2) mariotte flask is fixed on specified altitude assignment (artesian head is constant), open the waterline phreatic table with the Control experiment soil body of the first water flowing valve regulating tank, soil mass of foundation pit Water And Earth Pressures is responded by research phreatic table lifting, the impact of deformation, by the artesian head pressure size that hydraulic pressure gauge shows, know the foundation ditch phreatic table lifting impact on the change of artesian head pressure;
(3) regulating the lifting jointly of phreatic table and artesian head, research phreatic table and pressure water head are worked in coordination with and are lifted impact soil mass of foundation pit Water And Earth Pressures being responded, deforming.
5, the present invention adopts dismountable plane of symmetry gear soil unit, the soil body that interim gear passive zone of pit does not excavate, plane of symmetry gear soil unit can be removed in advance before excavating every layer soil body, excavation of foundation pit is carried out by unloading the method for soil to the excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry, compare the method fetched earth with the downward soil digging of tradition, the present invention can specify each layer of excavation soil layer not to be affected and not to excavate, easy to operate, greatly reduces excavation of foundation pit and unloads the workload of soil.
6, the present invention can simultaneously simulating excavation and propping operation, obtain excavation of foundation pit and support the change of foundation ditch stress field caused in installation process, compare and only consider that the particular state that excavation of foundation pit completes to a certain degree of depth or propping conducts a research with traditional excavation models test, reflect excavation of foundation pit more comprehensively, exactly and support the response condition of foundation ditch stress and foundation pit deformation in installation process; The soil body that foundation ditch will not do not excavated by the present invention in inner support installation process has disturbing influence; It is threadably secured between inner support with retaining wall and is connected, inner support frame be located on retaining wall than traditional excavation models test or lie directly against the method that retaining wall realizes propping, more can reflect propping situation when actual base pit engineering excavates objectively; Realize the simulation of internal support of foundation pit rigidity by controlling the wall thickness of solid aluminum shank diameter, expansion link wall thickness, the first support bar diameter, the second support bar diameter and sleeve, reflect the inner support Effects on Engineering to excavation of foundation pit more objectively; The quantity of inner support element according to the demand of geotechnical model test, can be adjusted, and the inner support on retaining wall fixes position and the quantity of bolt, the excavation situation of the different foundation ditch of simulation.
7, the present invention adopts retractable supports element, the excavation of foundation pit test of different in width can be simulated, compare the support with traditional excavation of foundation pit model test employing regular length or retractable supports only for realizing supporting the experimental considerations installed, same set of assay device can be adopted to carry out the excavation of foundation pit test organizing different in width more, decreasing the repacking to assay device, saved experimentation cost and modelling time, operation principle is simple, easy to operate, there is very big practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) works in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus side view of lifting for the phreatic table and artesian head adopting first kind support.
Fig. 1 (b) works in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus side view of lifting for the phreatic table and artesian head adopting Equations of The Second Kind support.
The model casing top view that Fig. 2 (a) supports for adopting the first kind.
The model casing top view that Fig. 2 (b) supports for adopting Equations of The Second Kind.
Fig. 3 is excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is water tank side view;
Fig. 5 (a) is the plane graph of pressure-bearing Stilt layer structure.
Fig. 5 (b) is the side view of pressure-bearing Stilt layer structure.
Fig. 6 is retaining wall schematic diagram.
The foundation pit supporting construction schematic diagram that Fig. 7 (a) supports for the first kind.
The foundation pit supporting construction schematic diagram that Fig. 7 (b) supports for Equations of The Second Kind.
In figure: model casing 1; Model casing framework 1-1; Safety glass 1-2; Model casing base plate 1-3; Top frame 1-4; Reaction plate 1-5; Model casing base 1-6; Water tank 2; Aluminium sheet 2-1 with limbers; Bar shaped aluminium sheet 2-2; Tank bracket 2-3; Tank bracket fixed screw 2-4; Rule 2-5; First water flowing valve 2-6; Plane of symmetry gear soil unit 3; The bolt 4 of fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit; Retaining wall 5; Watertight rubber bar 5-1; Retaining wall support 6; Bracket fixing bolt 7; Support unit 8; Solid aluminum bar 8-1; Hollow aluminum bar 8-2; Support connecting bolt 8-3; First support bar 8-4; Second support bar 8-5; Sleeve 8-6; Support fixing bolt 8-7; Pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9; Corrosion resistant plate 9-1 with limbers; Rustless steel short column 9-2; Anti-filter geotextile 9-3; Second water flowing valve 10; Hydraulic pressure gauge 11; Mariotte flask 12; Plexiglass cylinder 12-1; Air intake valve 12-2; T-way water valve door 12-3; Give vent to anger valve 12-4; Air bag 12-5; Support 13; Fixed pulley 13-1; Steel wire rope 13-2; Hand-operated device 13-3; Gravelly sand 14-1; Clay silt 14-2; Air free water 15.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, phreatic table of the present invention and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, regulate system and seven parts of measurement system including model casing 1, water tank 2, some planes of symmetry gear soil unit 3, foundation pit supporting construction, pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9, artesian head.
Described model casing 1 is made up of model casing framework 1-1, safety glass 1-2, model casing base plate 1-3, top frame 1-4, reaction plate 1-5 and model casing base 1-6; The bottom fixed model box plate 1-3 of described model casing framework 1-1, safety glass 1-2 is fixed in former and later two sides; Described model casing framework 1-1 and reaction plate 1-5 is fixed on the model casing base 1-6 that I-steel is welded by surrounding spot welding, and top is connected by surrounding spot welding by stainless steel top frame 1-4; Described model casing framework 1-1 is welded by rustless steel steel bar thick for 10mm and stainless-steel sheet; Described safety glass 1-2 is arranged on inside model casing framework 1-1 by building glue; Described model casing base plate 1-3 and reaction plate 1-5 is the stainless-steel sheet that 10mm is thick; Described top frame 1-4 is welded by the rustless steel steel bar that 20mm is thick;
Described water tank 2 by the aluminium sheet 2-1 with limbers vertically placed, laterally disposed bar shaped aluminium sheet 2-2, both sides, front and back safety glass 1-2 and model casing framework 1-1 inwall by glass cement connect formed, it is erected at the upper right side in model casing 1, for the fluctuation in stage controlling and observing in the soil body by tank bracket 2-3; Described aluminium sheet 2-1 with limbers and tank bracket 2-3 is tightened connection by tank bracket fixed screw 2-4;The described aluminium sheet 2-1 surface mount anti-filter geotextile with limbers, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in groundwater change process; Described rule 2-5 is arranged on safety glass 1-2 and can be used for directly observation and record phreatic table situation of change; The first water flowing valve 2-6 of joining water box 2 is installed on the right side of described model casing 1, for controlling the lifting of water level in water tank 2.
Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit 3 is U-shaped stainless steel strip, is fixed on model casing framework 1-1 by bolt 4; Being connected by H type watertight rubber bar between described U-shaped stainless steel strip, U-shaped stainless steel strip is connected by S type watertight rubber bar with model casing framework 1-1;
Described foundation pit supporting construction includes retaining wall 5, retaining wall support 6 and some support units 8; Described retaining wall 3 keeps vertical with safety glass 1-2 all the time in moving process; One end of described support unit 8 has inner thread mouth, and inner thread mouth is threadeded with supporting fixing bolt 8-7, it is achieved the installation of support unit 8;
Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9 is formed by with the corrosion resistant plate 9-1 of limbers, rustless steel short column 9-2 and anti-filter geotextile 9-3; Described with fixing rustless steel short column 9-2 bottom the corrosion resistant plate 9-1 of limbers, it is positioned on the model casing base plate 1-3 in model casing 1, and is tightly connected by glass cement with four sides of model casing 1; The described corrosion resistant plate 9-1 surface mount anti-filter geotextile 9-3 with limbers, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in artesian head change procedure;
The bottom right side of described model casing 1 installs the second water flowing valve 10 of connection pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9, regulates system for connection mode molding box 1 and artesian head; The bottom test soil body in model casing 1 is gravelly sand 14-1, to simulate pressure-bearing soil layer; The overlying test soil body is the weak water penetration soil body, can adopt clay silt 14-2, adopts air free water saturated;
Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge 11, mariotte flask 12 and support 13; Described hydraulic pressure gauge 11 is by tee T connection mode molding box 1 and mariotte flask 12; Described mariotte flask 12 is made up of plexiglass cylinder 12-1, air intake valve 12-2, T-way water valve door 12-3, the valve 12-4 and air bag 12-5 that gives vent to anger; Liquid in described plexiglass cylinder 12-1 is air free water 15; Described air bag 12-5 is built with the nitrogen of 1atm; Described support 13 is provided with fixed pulley 13-1, steel wire rope 13-2 and walks around fixed pulley 13-1 connection mariotte flask 12 and hand-operated device 13-3, controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask 12 by hand-operated device 13-3; Described first water flowing valve 2-6, the second water flowing valve 10, air intake valve 12-2, T-way water valve door 12-3, the valve 12-4 that gives vent to anger are copper core valve;
Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera; Described miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer pass through signal transmssion line connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument; Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead, can need to set up light source according to shooting; Described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved;
As it is shown on figure 3, the thickness of described plane of symmetry gear soil unit 3 is 10mm, the spoil layer thickness that its width can be simulated as required is adjusted; The bolt 4 of described fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit 3 is of a size of M8, is fixedly welded on model casing framework 1-1.
As shown in Figure 4, described water tank 2 is formed by with the aluminium sheet 2-1 of limbers, bar shaped aluminium sheet 2-2, tank bracket 2-3, tank bracket fixed screw 2-4, rule 2-5 and the first water flowing valve 2-6; The described aluminium sheet 2-1 surface with limbers is placed with substantial amounts of water flowing circular hole, it is ensured that in process of the test, the water level in water tank connects and consistent with test soil body water level, to realize being come the phreatic table lifting of the Control experiment soil body by the water level in regulating tank.
As shown in Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b), the described corrosion resistant plate 9-1 with limbers makes the air free water in pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9 and gravelly sand 14-1 bearing course hydraulic communication, it is provided that the artesian head pressure of gravelly sand 14-1 bearing course; Described should meet Force Calculation requirement with the thickness of corrosion resistant plate 9-1 of limbers, the arrangement of limbers and the arrangement of rustless steel short column 9-2 so that pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9 is enough to bear the weight of the test soil body.
As shown in Figure 6, described retaining wall 5 is aluminium sheet, and its thickness is obtained by the retaining wall Rigidity Calculation of test simulation; Described retaining wall support 6 is the strip aluminum plate that 20mm is thick; Bracket fixing bolt 7 fixed retaining wall support 6 is passed through on described retaining wall 5 top, and middle part has screwed hole, by the fixing bolt 8-7 of the support needed for the threaded installation support unit 8 of screwed hole, the fixing watertight rubber bar 5-1 of both sides fluting; Described watertight rubber bar 5-1 ensures not leak with model casing 1 contact surface in retaining wall 5 moving process; Described bracket fixing bolt 7 and the fixing bolt 8-7 of support are of a size of M8.
As shown in Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b), the fixing bolt 8-7 of described support, by the screwed hole on retaining wall 5, tightens and is fixed on retaining wall 5. Described support unit 8 can adopt following two form:
One, described support unit 8 includes solid aluminum bar 8-1, expansion link 8-2 and supports connecting bolt 8-3; Having some grooves on described solid aluminum bar 8-1, one end has inner thread mouth; Described expansion link 8-2 is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link 8-2 has some screwed holes; Described support connecting bolt 8-3 props up the groove of solid aluminum bar 8-1 through the screwed hole on expansion link 8-2 so that solid aluminum bar 8-1 and expansion link 8-2 compact siro spinning technology, does not slide in process of the test. The diameter of described solid aluminum bar 8-1 and the thickness of hollow aluminum bar 8-2 are calculated by the support stiffness of test simulation and obtain; The size of described support connecting bolt 8-3 may select M6.
Two, described support unit 8 includes the first support bar 8-4, the second support bar 8-5 and sleeve 8-6; One end of described first support bar 8-4 has external screw thread; One end of described second support bar 8-5 has inner thread mouth, and the other end has external screw thread; Described sleeve 8-6 has female thread passage, and threaded one end connects the first support bar 8-4, the threaded second support bar 8-5 of the other end. The diameter of described first support bar 8-4, the diameter of the second support bar 8-5 and the wall thickness of sleeve 8-6 are obtained by the Rigidity Calculation of the inner support of test simulation.
The work process of the present invention is as follows: first retaining wall 5 and retaining wall support 6 are assembled by bracket fixing bolt 7; Then installing soil pressure cell on retaining wall 5, both sides notch embeds watertight rubber bar 5-1, and smears epoxy resin in the gap of notch and watertight rubber bar 5-1; The retaining wall 5 assembled is erected in model casing 1 by retaining wall support 6, it is ensured that retaining wall 5 is vertical with the safety glass 1-2 of model casing 1 both sides; Plane of symmetry gear soil unit 3 is installed at the plane of symmetry place of excavation of foundation pit model, is fixed on model casing framework 1-1 by the bolt 4 of fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit;In model casing 1, layering filling gravelly sand 14-1 compacting, fills to specified altitude assignment; Layering filling clay silt 14-2 compacting, until having banketed, led to air free water saturation testing soil body gravelly sand 14-1 and clay silt 14-2 with the speed of 50L/ days to model casing 1 by water flowing the second water flowing valve 10, treat that the soil body closes water flowing the second water flowing valve 10 after fully saturated; Pore water pressure sensor, the backfill boring soil body are buried in boring underground; Soil body surface installation position displacement sensor inside and outside retaining wall 5 and foundation ditch, monitors displacement and the soil mass of foundation pit deformation of retaining wall 5 respectively;
Opening T-way water valve door 12-3 and the valve 12-4 that gives vent to anger, inject air free water 15 by T-way water valve door 12-3 in the plexiglass cylinder 12-1 of mariotte flask 12, by giving vent to anger, valve 12-4 discharges the gas in plexiglass cylinder 12-1; Treat to fill air free water in plexiglass cylinder 12-1, close T-way water valve door 12-3 and the valve 12-4 that gives vent to anger; The air bag 12-5 equipped with 1atm nitrogen is connected by air intake valve 12-2; Then regulate system by water flowing the second water flowing valve 10 connection mode molding box 1 and artesian head.
Digital camera being placed in model casing dead ahead (cannot move in process of the test), regulates camera parameter, the automatic shooting interval arranging digital camera is 20s; If laboratory insufficient light, Led light source can be set up in digital camera both sides; Utilize the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell and displacement transducer under data collecting instrument acquisition and recording test original state, utilize the test soil body photo under digital camera shooting test original state;
After treating that above-mentioned test preparation completes, open the water level in the first water flowing valve 2-6 regulating tank 2 and carry out the phreatic table lifting of the test soil body in analogue model case 1; Open water flowing the second water flowing valve 10, T-way water valve door 12-3 and air intake valve 12-2, and it being held open state in whole soil mass of foundation pit excavation and support installation process, it is achieved artesian head regulates system and tests required artesian head to pressure-bearing Stilt layer 9 sustainable supply; Regulated the height of mariotte flask 12 by hand-operated device 13-3, utilize the height of the fixing mariotte flask 12 of auto-lock function of hand-operated device 13-3, to control the size of artesian head, hydraulic pressure gauge 11 read artesian head size; Remove first segment plane of symmetry gear soil unit, slowly excavate the soil body on the left of retaining wall 5 by unloading the method for soil to the excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry; When being excavated to below first supported design position, first is installed and supports, be connected with the fixing bolt 8-7 of the support on retaining wall 5 by supporting the female thread of 8 one end, by adjusting the length supporting 8 so as to hold out against reaction frame 1-5, complete to support the installation of 8. Complete to continue the excavation soil body after first supports installation, adopt identical method to install and support, until excavation of foundation pit completes.
In whole excavation of foundation pit process of the test, apply, by water tank 2, the phreatic table that each operating mode of excavation of foundation pit is corresponding, regulate system by artesian head and apply the artesian head that each operating mode of excavation of foundation pit is corresponding; By the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell and displacement transducer in data collecting instrument continuous acquisition record process of the test, the photo testing soil deformation in whole process of the test by triggering digital camera to shoot.
By the reading of the miniature pore water pressure sensor of analytical data Acquisition Instrument acquisition and recording and miniature soil pressure cell, show that in the whole digging process of foundation ditch, phreatic table and artesian head work in coordination with the Water And Earth Pressures response pattern that lifting causes;By the reading of the displacement transducer of analytical data Acquisition Instrument record, and the photo captured by logarithmic code photographing unit carries out PIV graphical analysis, draws the displacement field of the soil body, thus learning that soil mass of foundation pit works in coordination with the deformation rule of lifting with phreatic table and artesian head.
Above-described embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is further illustrating present invention and application thereof, should not be construed as the present invention and be only applicable to above-described embodiment. All technology realized based on the principle of the invention and summary of the invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a phreatic table and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterized in that, regulate system and seven parts of measurement system including model casing (1), water tank (2), some planes of symmetry gear soil unit (3), foundation pit supporting construction, pressure-bearing Stilt layer (9), artesian head; Described model casing (1) is made up of model casing framework (1-1), safety glass (1-2), model casing base plate (1-3), top frame (1-4), reaction plate (1-5) and model casing base (1-6); Bottom fixed model box plate (1-3) of described model casing framework (1-1), safety glass (1-2) is fixed in former and later two sides; Described model casing framework (1-1) and reaction plate (1-5) are each attached on model casing base (1-6), and top connects by pushing up frame (1-4); The bottom right side of described model casing (1) installs the second water flowing valve (10) of connection pressure-bearing Stilt layer (9), regulates system for connection mode molding box (1) and artesian head;
Described water tank (2) is made up of the aluminium sheet (2-1) with limbers, bar shaped aluminium sheet (2-2), tank bracket (2-3), tank bracket fixed screw (2-4), rule (2-5) and the first water flowing valve (2-6), it is erected at the upper right side in model casing (1), for the fluctuation in stage controlling and observing in the soil body by tank bracket (2-3); Described aluminium sheet (2-1) the surface mount anti-filter geotextile with limbers, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in groundwater change process; Described rule (2-5) is pasted onto on safety glass (1-2), can be used for directly observation and record phreatic table situation of change; Described first water flowing valve (2-6) is arranged on the right side of model casing (1) in order to joining water box (2);
Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit (3) is U-shaped stainless steel strip, is fixed on model casing framework (1-1) by bolt (4); Being connected by H type watertight rubber bar between described U-shaped stainless steel strip, U-shaped stainless steel strip is connected by S type watertight rubber bar with model casing framework (1-1);
Described foundation pit supporting construction includes retaining wall (5), retaining wall support (6) and some support units (8); Bracket fixing bolt (7) fixed retaining wall support (6) is passed through on described retaining wall (5) top, middle part has screwed hole, by the fixing bolt (8-7) of the support needed for the threaded installation support unit (8) of screwed hole, the fixing watertight rubber bar (5-1) of both sides fluting; Described watertight rubber bar (5-1) ensures not leak with model casing (1) contact surface in retaining wall (5) moving process; One end of described support unit (8) has inner thread mouth, and inner thread mouth is threadeded with supporting fixing bolt (8-7), it is achieved the installation of support unit (8);
Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer (9) is made up of the corrosion resistant plate (9-1) with limbers, rustless steel short column (9-2) and anti-filter geotextile (9-3); The described fixing rustless steel short column (9-2) in corrosion resistant plate (9-1) bottom with limbers, it is positioned on the model casing base plate (1-3) in model casing (1), and is connected with four side seals of model casing (1);Described corrosion resistant plate (9-1) surface mount anti-filter geotextile (9-3) with limbers;
Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge (11), mariotte flask (12) and support (13); Described hydraulic pressure gauge (11) is by tee T connection mode molding box (1) and mariotte flask (12); Described support (13) is provided with fixed pulley (13-1), steel wire rope (13-2) is walked around fixed pulley (13-1) and is connected mariotte flask (12) and hand-operated device (13-3), is controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask (12) by hand-operated device (13-3); Described mariotte flask (12) is made up of plexiglass cylinder (12-1), air intake valve (12-2), T-way water valve door (12-3), valve of giving vent to anger (12-4) and air bag (12-5); Described plexiglass cylinder (12-1) bottom arranges air intake valve (12-2) and T-way water valve door (12-3), and top arranges valve (12-4) of giving vent to anger; Described air intake valve (12-2) is connected with air bag (12-5);
Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera; Described miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, displacement transducer pass through signal transmssion line connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument; Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead.
2. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterized in that, described support unit (8) includes solid aluminum bar (8-1), expansion link (8-2) and supports connecting bolt (8-3); Having some grooves on described solid aluminum bar (8-1), one end has inner thread mouth; Described expansion link (8-2) is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link (8-2) has some screwed holes; Described support connecting bolt (8-3) props up the groove of solid aluminum bar (8-1) through the screwed hole on expansion link (8-2).
3. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterized in that, described support unit (8) includes the first support bar (8-4), the second support bar (8-5) and sleeve (8-6); One end of described first support bar (8-4) has external screw thread; One end of described second support bar (8-5) has inner thread mouth, and the other end has external screw thread; Described sleeve (8-6) has female thread passage, and threaded one end connects the first support bar (8-4), threaded second support bar (8-5) of the other end.
4. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterised in that described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved; Can need to set up light source according to shooting.
5. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterised in that described model casing framework (1-1) is welded by rustless steel steel bar thick for 10mm and stainless-steel sheet; Described safety glass (1-2) is arranged on model casing framework (1-1) inner side by building glue; Described model casing base plate (1-3) and reaction plate (1-4) are stainless-steel sheet thick for 10mm; Described top frame (1-5) is welded by the rustless steel steel bar that 20mm is thick; Described model casing main body and reaction plate (1-4) are fixed on model casing base (1-6) by surrounding spot welding; Described retaining wall (5) is aluminium sheet, and its thickness is obtained by the retaining wall Rigidity Calculation of test simulation; Described retaining wall support (6) is strip aluminum plate thick for 20mm;Described retaining wall (5) keeps vertical with safety glass (1-2) all the time in moving process; Described first water flowing valve (2-6), the second water flowing valve (10), air intake valve (12-2), T-way water valve door (12-3), valve of giving vent to anger (12-4) are copper core valve.
6. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described solid aluminum bar (8-1), the wall thickness of expansion link (8-2), the diameter of the first support bar (8-4), the diameter of the second support bar (8-5) and the wall thickness of sleeve (8-6) obtain by the Rigidity Calculation of the inner support of test simulation.
7. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterised in that described air bag (12-5) is built with the nitrogen of 1atm.
8. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterized in that, described water tank (2) and the liquid in plexiglass cylinder (12-1) are air free water (15).
9. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 1 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterised in that the bottom test soil body in model casing (1) is gravelly sand (14-1); The overlying test soil body is the weak water penetration soil body.
10. a kind of phreatic table according to claim 9 and artesian head work in coordination with the excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of lifting, it is characterised in that the described weak water penetration soil body is clay silt (14-2); Described gravelly sand (14-1) and the weak water penetration soil body adopt air free water saturated.
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