CN105716958A - Foundation model test device for simulating lifting and dropping of confined water head - Google Patents
Foundation model test device for simulating lifting and dropping of confined water head Download PDFInfo
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- CN105716958A CN105716958A CN201610205933.3A CN201610205933A CN105716958A CN 105716958 A CN105716958 A CN 105716958A CN 201610205933 A CN201610205933 A CN 201610205933A CN 105716958 A CN105716958 A CN 105716958A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a foundation model test device for simulating lifting and dropping of a confined water head. The foundation model test device comprises a model box, a pressure-bearing empty space, an confined water head regulating system, a sensor fixing device and a measurement system, wherein the pressure-bearing empty space is arranged at the bottom of the model box and connected with the confined water head regulating system; lifting and dropping of the confined water head in the model box are controlled through regulation of a Mariotte flask of the confined water head regulating system; the measurement system comprises a miniature pore water pressure sensor, a miniature earth pressure cell, a multi-channel data acquisition instrument and a digital camera. According to the foundation model test device for simulating lifting and dropping of the confined water head, interaction between the pressure-bearing layer and an overlying foundation soil body with weak water permeability during lifting and dropping of the confined water head can be simulated; water and earth pressure and deformation of the foundations under different confined water heads are measured, related test data are disposed, the issues of foundation stress and deformation development laws and the like are determined, effective test data support is provided for research of the foundation issues caused by lifting and dropping of confined water, and the basis is provided for a later theoretical analysis model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of foundation model assay device, particularly relate to the foundation model assay device under artesian head jacking conditions, can be used for simulating the interaction between bearing course and the weak water penetration foundation soil body of overlying during artesian head lifting, under the different artesian head of research, the Water And Earth Pressures of ground responds and problem on deformation.
Background technology
In strand, riparian area not only rich groundwater, alternating layers distribution between foundation soil Chang Chengqiang, aquiclude, often facing below aquiclude at the bottom of Deep Foundation Pit in engineering and remain the situation at bearing course, foundation pit deformation that artesian water effect causes and destabilization problems are one of material risk sources of such area deep-foundation pit engineering.Central area for large-scale excavation can be reduced to foundation model, and the artesian head that can disclose this region by designing the method for foundation model test changes the response of aquiclude water and soil and deformation rule at the bottom of the hole caused.
Adopting set soil constitutive model compared to the research of economics analysis method and finite element numerical method, soil mass water soil pressure that the change of calculated artesian head causes and deformation size choose, to what calculate parameter, the dependency having very greatly；In Practical Project, the more difficult Water And Earth Pressures carried out (being positioned at excavation of foundation pit region) at the bottom of Foundation Pit is monitored in real time, carries out engineering monitoring data statistic analysis similar in a large number and also is difficult to realize with the method obtaining the deformation rule cheating end aquiclude that artesian head change causes；In view of geotechnical model test under Chang Chongli, do not affect Soil Microstructure, soil particle size and soil particle interphase interaction relation are consistent with practical situation, the interaction between artesian water and hole end aquiclude soil particle can be objectively responded, be widely used in considering the microexamination of resistance to shear of soil strain stress relation.The relevant geotechnical model test research of traditional artesian water effect, is left out in water gas and enters the unsaturated soil problem that the test soil body is likely to cause.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the foundation model assay device of simulation artesian head lifting, solve the problem of modelling of artesian head lifting in test, the interaction between bearing course and the weak water penetration foundation soil body of overlying during artesian head lifting can be simulated, measure Water And Earth Pressures and the deformation of ground under different artesian head, arrange correlation test data and determine that artesian head lifts the problems such as stress and the development of deformation rule of lower ground, the ground Study on Problems caused for artesian water lifting provides effective test data support, and provide foundation for theoretical analysis model afterwards.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting, regulates system, sensor fastening device and five parts of measurement system including model casing, pressure-bearing Stilt layer, artesian head；Described model casing by all around and five pieces, bottom lucite form, the deformation of the soil body in observation experiment can be facilitated；About described model casing, the top of two sides is respectively mounted flowing water Valve, flushes with test soil body end face bottom flowing water Valve, and in process of the test, flowing water Valve stays open so that in time draining so that the waterline of the test soil body keeps constant；The bottom side of described model casing installs the first water flowing valve for the saturated soil body, and opposite side is installed the second water flowing valve and regulated system for connecting artesian head；Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer is formed by with the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of limbers, lucite short column and anti-filter geotextile；Described it is positioned in model casing with fixing lucite short column bottom the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of limbers, and is connected with four side seals of model casing；The described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate surface mount anti-filter geotextile with limbers, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in artesian head change procedure；Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge, support and mariotte flask；Described hydraulic pressure gauge passes through tee T connection mode molding box and mariotte flask；Fixed pulley is installed on the top of described support, and steel wire rope one end connects hand-operated device, and the other end is walked around fixed pulley and connected mariotte flask, is controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask by hand-operated device；Described mariotte flask is made up of plexiglass cylinder, air intake valve, T-way water valve door, the gentle capsule of valve of giving vent to anger；Arranging air intake valve and T-way water valve door bottom described plexiglass cylinder, top arranges valve of giving vent to anger；Described air intake valve is connected with air bag；Described sensor fastening device is made up of stainless steel stent, nylon sheet and bolt；Described sensor fastening device is bolted on the trailing flank in model casing；Described nylon sheet is fixed on stainless steel stent, stainless steel stent and nylon sheet have the circular hole installing miniature pore water pressure sensor run through, nylon sheet has the circular hole installing miniature soil pressure cell, stainless steel stent and have metallic channel in nylon sheet for placing miniature pore water pressure sensor and the signal transmssion line of miniature soil pressure cell；Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera；Described miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell are by signal transmssion line connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument；Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead.
Further, described air bag is built with the nitrogen of 1atm.
Further, described plexiglass cylinder is built with air free water.
Further, the bottom test soil body in model casing is gravelly sand, to simulate pressure-bearing soil layer；The overlying test soil body is the weak water penetration soil body, adopts air free water saturated.
Further, the described weak water penetration soil body is clay silt.
Further, described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved；Can need to set up light source according to shooting.
Further, the position of described sensor fastening device can be adjusted according to the needs of test, and its quantity can need increase according to what test；Sensor fastening device should be arranged on the model casing side not affecting digital camera shooting.
Further, the described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate with limbers is tightly connected by glass cement with four sides of model casing.
Further, described hand-operated device has auto-lock function.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the method that pressure-bearing Stilt layer provides pressure-bearing gravel layer artesian head pressure, close with the mode of occurence of natural artesian water；Pressure-bearing gravel layer directly contacts interaction between bearing course and the weak water penetration soil layer of overlying in objective simulation artesian head lifting process with overlying weak water penetration soil layer, is conducive to disclosing the response of foundation soil body Water And Earth Pressures and the foundation soil body deformation rule that artesian head lifting causes further；Research experiment under normal gravity condition, does not affect the microstructure of foundation soil body so that soil particle size and soil particle interphase interaction relation are consistent with practical situation, are conducive to carrying out the microexamination relating to soil particle interphase interaction.
2, the present invention adopts the air free water saturation testing soil body before the test, process of the test provides depletion of QI artesian water environment, the hole making the test soil body is full of air free water, operate as above 2 benefits: one is avoid underwater bubble to enter weak water penetration soil layer to cause the unsaturation problem (compared with saturated soil, the mechanical characteristic of unsaturated soil exists larger difference and uncertainty) of the soil body；Two is avoid underwater bubble to disturb miniature pore water pressure sensor to affect its certainty of measurement.
3, the present invention adopts the mariotte flask of improvement, by the air pressure inside and outside the nitrogen balance mariotte flask in air bag, nitrogen is utilized to be insoluble in the characteristic of water, depletion of QI artesian water environment is built, the soil body unsaturated soil problem that when being prevented effectively from the mariotte flask water supply of routine, bubble soluble in water causes for the test soil body；The height utilizing the fixing mariotte flask of auto-lock function of hand-operated device ensures to provide stable artesian head pressure；Hydraulic pressure gauge connection mode molding box regulates system with artesian head, can accurately read the size of the artesian head pressure of applying.
4, the present invention utilizes sensor fastening device to fix miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, is prevented effectively from process of the test soil deformation and causes that sensor measurement change in location affects measuring accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the foundation model assay device side view of simulation artesian head lifting.
Fig. 2 is the model casing top view before banketing.
Fig. 3 is pressure-bearing Stilt layer structural representation.
Fig. 4 (a) is sensor fastening device side view.
Fig. 4 (b) is sensor fastening device top view.
Fig. 4 (c) is sensor fastening device profile.
In figure: model casing 1；Pressure-bearing Stilt layer 2；Poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 with limbers；Lucite short column 2-2；Anti-filter geotextile 2-3；Flowing water Valve 3；First water flowing valve 4-1；Second water flowing valve 4-2；Hydraulic pressure gauge 5；Support 6；Fixed pulley 6-1；Steel wire rope 6-2；Hand-operated device 6-3；Mariotte flask 7；Plexiglass cylinder 7-1；Air intake valve 7-2；T-way water valve door 7-3；Give vent to anger valve 7-4；Air bag 7-5；Sensor fastening device 8；Stainless steel stent 8-1；Nylon sheet 8-2；Miniature pore water pressure sensor installs circular hole 8-3；Miniature soil pressure cell installs circular hole 8-4；Metallic channel 8-5；Bolt 8-6；Gravelly sand 9-1；Weak water penetration soil body 9-2；Air free water 10.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention simulates the foundation model assay device of artesian head lifting, regulates system, sensor fastening device 8 and five parts of measurement system including model casing 1, pressure-bearing Stilt layer 2, artesian head.
Described model casing 1 by all around and five pieces, bottom lucite form, the deformation of the soil body in observation experiment can be facilitated；The top of described about 1 two side of model casing is respectively mounted flowing water Valve 3, flushes with test soil body end face bottom flowing water Valve 3, and in process of the test, flowing water Valve 3 stays open so that in time draining so that the waterline of the test soil body keeps constant；The bottom side of described model casing 1 installs the first water flowing valve 4-1 for the saturated soil body, and bottom opposite side is installed the second water flowing valve 4-2 and regulated system for connecting artesian head；Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer 2 is formed by with the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 of limbers, lucite short column 2-2 and anti-filter geotextile 2-3；Described it is positioned in model casing 1 with fixing lucite short column 2-2 bottom the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 of limbers, and is tightly connected by glass cement with four sides of model casing 1；The described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 surface mount anti-filter geotextile 2-3 with limbers, it is prevented that test the loss of the soil body in artesian head change procedure；Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge 5, support 6 and mariotte flask 7；Described hydraulic pressure gauge 5 is by tee T connection mode molding box 1 and mariotte flask 7；The top of described support 6 is installed fixed pulley 6-1, steel wire rope 6-2 one end and is connected hand-operated device 6-3, and the other end is walked around fixed pulley 6-1 and connected mariotte flask 7, is controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask 7 by hand-operated device 6-3；Described mariotte flask 7 is made up of plexiglass cylinder 7-1, air intake valve 7-2, T-way water valve door 7-3, the valve 7-4 and air bag 7-5 that gives vent to anger；Arranging air intake valve 7-2 and T-way water valve door 7-3 bottom described plexiglass cylinder 7-1, top arranges the valve 7-4 that gives vent to anger；Described air intake valve 7-2 is connected with air bag 7-5；Liquid in described plexiglass cylinder 7-1 is air free water 10；Described air bag 7-5 is built with the nitrogen of 1atm；Described sensor fastening device 8 is made up of stainless steel stent 8-1, nylon sheet 8-2 and bolt 8-6；Described sensor fastening device 8 is fixed on the trailing flank in model casing 1 by bolt 8-6；The position of described sensor fastening device 8 can be adjusted according to the needs of test, and its quantity can need increase according to what test；Described sensor fastening device 8 should be arranged on model casing 1 side not affecting digital camera shooting；Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera；The signal transmssion line of described miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell is connected on multi-Channels Data Acquisition；Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead, can need to set up light source according to shooting；Described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved；The bottom test soil body in model casing 1 is gravelly sand 9-1 (to simulate pressure-bearing soil layer), and the overlying test soil body is weak water penetration soil body 9-2 (such as clay silt etc.), adopts air free water saturated.
As it is shown on figure 3, the described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 with limbers makes the air free water in pressure-bearing Stilt layer 2 and gravelly sand 9-1 bearing course hydraulic communication, it is provided that the artesian head pressure of gravelly sand 9-1 bearing course；Described should meet Force Calculation requirement with the thickness of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 2-1 of limbers, the arrangement of limbers and the arrangement of lucite short column 2-2 so that pressure-bearing Stilt layer 2 is enough to bear the weight of the test soil body.
As shown in Fig. 4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c), described nylon sheet 8-2 is fixed on stainless steel stent 8-1, stainless steel stent 8-1 and nylon sheet 8-2 has the circular hole 8-3 installing miniature pore water pressure sensor run through, nylon sheet 8-2 has the circular hole 8-4 installing miniature soil pressure cell, stainless steel stent 8-1 and nylon sheet 8-2 has metallic channel 8-5 for placing miniature pore water pressure sensor and the signal transmssion line of miniature soil pressure cell.
The work process of the present invention is as follows: first layering filling gravelly sand 9-1 compacting in model casing 1, fills to specified altitude assignment；Weak water penetration soil body 9-2 compacting is loaded in layering, and when being filled to bottom sensor fastening device 8, time-out bankets, and installs sensor fastening device 8 in the middle position of model casing 1 major axis side, tightens fixing with bolt 8-6；Miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell are then installed on sensor fastening device 8, metallic channel 8-5 the signal transmssion line drawing pore water pressure sensor and soil pressure cell, signal transmssion line is connected on multi-Channels Data Acquisition；Continue layering and load weak water penetration soil body 9-2 compacting, until having banketed, air free water saturation testing soil body gravelly sand 9-1 and weak water penetration soil body 9-2 is led to model casing 1 with the speed of 6L/ days by the first water flowing valve 4-1, treat that the soil body closes the first water flowing valve 4-1 after fully saturated, opening flowing water Valve 3, in whole process of the test, flowing water Valve 3 is held open state.
Opening T-way water valve door 7-3 and the valve 7-4 that gives vent to anger, inject air free water 10 by T-way water valve door 7-3 in the plexiglass cylinder 7-1 of mariotte flask 7, by giving vent to anger, valve 7-4 discharges the gas in plexiglass cylinder 7-1；Treat to fill air free water in plexiglass cylinder 7-1, close T-way water valve door 7-3 and the valve 7-4 that gives vent to anger；The air bag 7-5 equipped with 1atm nitrogen is connected by air intake valve 7-2；Then regulate system by the second water flowing valve 4-2 connection mode molding box 1 and artesian head.
Digital camera being placed in model casing 1 dead ahead, regulates camera parameter, the automatic shooting interval arranging digital camera is 20s；If laboratory insufficient light, Led light source can be set up in digital camera both sides；Utilize the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell under data collecting instrument acquisition and recording test original state, utilize the test soil body photo under digital camera shooting test original state；Open the second water flowing valve 4-2, T-way water valve door 7-3 and air intake valve 7-2, and in process of the test, be held open state；Regulated the height of mariotte flask 7 by hand-operated device 6-3, hydraulic pressure gauge 5 read artesian head size；Artesian head is increased to first order head pressure, utilize the height of the fixing mariotte flask 7 of auto-lock function of hand-operated device 6-3, open the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell under data collecting instrument this grade of head pressure of continuous acquisition record, trigger digital camera simultaneously；The sensor reading that pending data Acquisition Instrument shows stably after, suspend data acquisition and image taking；Method as described before is adopted to continue to increase to the artesian head pressure of next stage, until it reaches till the artesian head pressure of test requirements document；By the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell under data collecting instrument acquisition and recording artesian head at different levels pressure, digital camera shoot the photo testing soil deformation under artesian head pressure at different levels.
By the reading of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell under the artesian head pressure at different levels of analytical data Acquisition Instrument acquisition and recording, draw the Water And Earth Pressures response pattern in foundation soil under artesian head at different levels；Carry out PIV graphical analysis by the photo captured by logarithmic code photographing unit, draw the displacement field of the soil body, thus learning the deformation rule that foundation soil body changes with artesian head.
Claims (9)
1. the foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting, it is characterized in that, regulate system, sensor fastening device (8) and five parts of measurement system including model casing (1), pressure-bearing Stilt layer (2), artesian head；Described model casing (1) by all around and five pieces, bottom lucite form；The top of two sides, described model casing (1) left and right is respectively mounted flowing water Valve (3), and flowing water Valve (3) bottom flushes with test soil body end face；The bottom side of described model casing (1) installs the first water flowing valve (4-1) for the saturated soil body, and opposite side is installed the second water flowing valve (4-2) and is used for connecting artesian head adjustment system；Described pressure-bearing Stilt layer (2) is made up of the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (2-1) with limbers, lucite short column (2-2) and anti-filter geotextile (2-3)；The described fixing lucite short column (2-2) in poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (2-1) bottom with limbers, is positioned in model casing (1), and is connected with four side seals of model casing (1)；Described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (2-1) surface mount anti-filter geotextile (2-3) with limbers；Described artesian head regulates system and is made up of hydraulic pressure gauge (5), support (6) and mariotte flask (7)；Described hydraulic pressure gauge (5) is by tee T connection mode molding box (1) and mariotte flask (7)；Fixed pulley (6-1) is installed on the top of described support (6), steel wire rope (6-2) one end connects hand-operated device (6-3), the other end is walked around fixed pulley (6-1) and is connected mariotte flask (7), is controlled the size of the lift adjustment artesian head of mariotte flask (7) by hand-operated device (6-3)；Described mariotte flask (7) is made up of plexiglass cylinder (7-1), air intake valve (7-2), T-way water valve door (7-3), valve of giving vent to anger (7-4) and air bag (7-5)；Described plexiglass cylinder (7-1) bottom arranges air intake valve (7-2) and T-way water valve door (7-3), and top arranges valve (7-4) of giving vent to anger；Described air intake valve (7-2) is connected with air bag (7-5)；Described sensor fastening device (8) is made up of stainless steel stent (8-1), nylon sheet (8-2) and bolt (8-6)；Described sensor fastening device (8) is fixed on the trailing flank in model casing (1) by bolt (8-6)；Described nylon sheet (8-2) is fixed on stainless steel stent (8-1), stainless steel stent (8-1) and nylon sheet (8-2) have the circular hole (8-3) installing miniature pore water pressure sensor run through, nylon sheet (8-2) has the circular hole (8-4) installing miniature soil pressure cell, stainless steel stent (8-1) and have metallic channel (8-5) in nylon sheet (8-2)；Described measurement system includes miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure cell, multi-Channels Data Acquisition and digital camera；Described miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure cell are by signal transmssion line connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument；Described digital camera is positioned over model casing dead ahead.
2. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described air bag (7-5) is built with the nitrogen of 1atm.
3. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plexiglass cylinder (7-1) is built with air free water (10).
4. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom test soil body in model casing (1) is gravelly sand (9-1), to simulate pressure-bearing soil layer；The overlying test soil body is the weak water penetration soil body (9-2), adopts air free water saturated.
5. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the described weak water penetration soil body (9-2) is clay silt.
6. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described digital camera answers exclusive PCR in process of the test, and its position can not be moved；Can need to set up light source according to shooting.
7. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the position of described sensor fastening device (8) can be adjusted according to the needs of test, its quantity can need increase according to what test；Sensor fastening device (8) should be arranged on model casing (1) side not affecting digital camera shooting.
8. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that four sides of the described poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (2-1) with limbers and model casing (1) are tightly connected by glass cement.
9. a kind of foundation model assay device simulating artesian head lifting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hand-operated device (6-3) has auto-lock function.
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| CN108593513A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-28 | 浙江大学 | A kind of experimental rig and method for simulating the dynamic artesian water effect soil body |
| CN114414391A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Testing device for applying constant load on surface of soil layer by using liquid column pressure and working method |
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