CN111549344A - Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111549344A CN111549344A CN202010602382.0A CN202010602382A CN111549344A CN 111549344 A CN111549344 A CN 111549344A CN 202010602382 A CN202010602382 A CN 202010602382A CN 111549344 A CN111549344 A CN 111549344A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0844—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid in controlled atmosphere
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Abstract
The invention discloses nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: ni: the balance, B: 1.5-2%, Si: 1.85-2.95%, Cr: 26-30%, Nb: 0.2-1.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Co: 24-29%, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent. The invention has the advantages of overcoming the problems of insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance, easy cracking in the laser cladding process and other service performance and process performance of the traditional nickel-based alloy metal powder in the laser cladding technology, effectively improving the cladding efficiency, reducing the production cost, improving the wear resistance and service life of the cladding layer and obtaining obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nickel-based alloy powder preparation and laser cladding technology, in particular to a nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding.
Background
Laser Cladding (Laser Cladding), also known as Laser Cladding or Laser Cladding, is a new surface modification technology. The method is a technological method for remarkably improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, electrical characteristics and the like of the surface of a base material by placing selected coating materials on the surface of a coated base body in different filling modes, simultaneously melting a thin layer on the surface of the base body through laser irradiation, and forming a surface coating which has extremely low dilution degree and is metallurgically combined with the base material after rapid solidification. In the industrial field and civil metal materials, the nickel-based alloy is one of the most important industrial base materials, has the following characteristics of dry appearance quality, no obvious oxidation color particles, no visible inclusion, good corrosion resistance, good high temperature resistance, good wear resistance, strong oxidation resistance, low cost and the like, and can effectively improve the cladding efficiency. The nickel-based alloy powder is mainly used in the fields of high-speed laser cladding, thermal spraying, repair industry and the like.
The traditional nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding at present has the defects of high cost, poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance, poor relative strength and toughness, low welding performance and cladding layer hardness, compact and cracked cladding layer, very controlled cracks, air holes, segregation, unstable performance and the like.
The laser cladding technology is also a new technology with high economic benefit, and can prepare high-performance alloy surface on cheap metal base material without affecting the property of the matrix, reduce the cost and save precious and rare metal materials, so that the research and application of the laser cladding technology in advanced countries of various industries in the world are very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low strength, insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance, easy cracking in the laser cladding process and other service and process performance of the traditional nickel-based alloy metal powder in the laser cladding technology, and provides the nickel-based alloy powder for the laser cladding technology, so that the wear resistance of a cladding layer is improved, and the service life of the cladding layer is prolonged
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: ni: the balance, B: 1.5-2%, Si: 1.85-2.95%, Cr: 26-30%, Nb: 0.2-1.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Co: 24-29%, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Preferably, the particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 80-100 um, and the D97 is 160-185 um.
Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder is spherical or nearly spherical in appearance, the sphericity psi of microscopic particles is larger than or equal to 85%, the loose loading density is larger than or equal to 4.40g/cm in a high-speed dry method, and the tap density is larger than or equal to 5.10g/cm in a high-speed dry method.
Preferably, the fluidity of the nickel-based alloy powder is less than or equal to 20s/50g, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 200 ppm.
Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder is prepared by vacuum gas atomization powder preparation under inert atmosphere.
Preferably, a semiconductor laser is adopted, and the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the diameter of a light spot is 1.0mm, the scanning linear velocity is 50m/min, the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 0.2pa, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the working gas is argon.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 80-100 mu m, the D97 is 160-185 mu m, the fluidity is not more than 20s/50g, the appearance is spherical or nearly spherical, the sphericity psi of microscopic particles is not less than 85%, the oxygen content is not more than 200ppm, the loose loading density is not less than 4.40g/cm for thin year, and the tap density is not less than 5.10g/cm for thin year, so that various performances of the powder in laser cladding are improved.
2. The invention can overcome the problems of insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance, easy cracking in the laser cladding process and other service performance and process performance of the traditional nickel-based alloy metal powder in the laser cladding technology, thereby improving the wear resistance and service life of the cladding layer.
3. The nickel-based alloy powder of the invention effectively isolates the contact of alloy liquid and oxygen and avoids the oxidation of the powder because the vacuum atomization process is carried out in the inert atmosphere, so that the oxygen content of the nickel-based alloy powder is very low.
4. The nickel-based alloy powder can overcome the problem of chilling cracking caused by the cladding rate, the hardness can reach 30 HRC-45 HRC, and the cladding layer has the advantages of high strength and wear resistance, good plasticity and toughness, low cost and the like. The cladding efficiency can be effectively improved, and the formed cladding layer has good metallurgical bonding with the matrix metallurgy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a particle morphology of a nickel-base alloy powder of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic view of the surface of a cladding layer prepared by laser cladding in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic view of the surface of a cladding layer prepared by laser cladding according to comparative example 1 in the invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the present embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
According to the mass percentage, the ingredients (after burning loss) are Ni: the balance, B: 1.61%, Si: 2.45%, Cr: 27.1%, Nb: 0.81%, Fe: less than or equal to 1.3 percent, Co: 26.7%, Mn: 0.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is prepared by vacuum gas atomization. The particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 96 mu m, the D97 is 171 mu m, the flowability is not more than 18s/50g, the sphericity psi of microscopic particles is not less than 85%, the oxygen content is 128ppm, the loose loading density is 4.47g/cm for carrying out thin film crop, and the tap density is 5.1g/cm for carrying out thin film crop.
Example 2
According to the mass percentage, the ingredients (after burning loss) are Ni: the balance, B: 1.83%, Si: 2.78%, Cr: 29.3%, Nb: 1.25%, Fe: 1.4% or less, Co: 28.4%, Mn: 0.7%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is prepared by vacuum gas atomization. The particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 90 mu m, the D97 is 169 mu m, the flowability is less than or equal to 18.4s/50g, the sphericity psi of microscopic particles is more than or equal to 85%, the oxygen content is 139ppm, the apparent density is 4.51g/cm for carrying out dry-method cultivation, and the tap density is 5.2g/cm for carrying out dry-method cultivation.
Comparative example 1
According to the mass percentage, the ingredients (after burning loss) are Ni: the balance, B: 1.35%, Si: 1.63%, Cr: 24.3%, Nb: 0.1%, Fe: less than or equal to 1.6 percent, Co: 20.1%, Mn: 0.2%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is prepared by vacuum gas atomization. The particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 94 mu m, the D97 is 181 mu m, the flowability is less than or equal to 17.8s/50g, the sphericity psi of microscopic particles is more than or equal to 85%, the oxygen content is 161ppm, the apparent density is 4.49g/cm for carrying out dry-method cultivation, and the tap density is 5.4g/cm for carrying out dry-method cultivation.
Comparative example 2
According to the mass percentage, the ingredients (after burning loss) are Ni: the balance, B: 2.56%, Si: 3.78%, Cr: 33.7%, Nb: 1.82%, Fe: 1.7% or less, Co: 22.2%, Mn: 0.9%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is prepared by vacuum gas atomization. The particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 93 mu m, the D97 is 179 mu m, the fluidity is not more than 17s/50g, the sphericity psi of the microscopic particles is not less than 85%, the oxygen content is 156ppm, the loose loading density is 4.54g/cm for carrying out thin film plantation, and the tap density is 5.3g/cm for carrying out thin film plantation.
The powder components of the example 1 and the example 2 are in the preferred range, the powder components of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are not in the preferred range, and after the four powders are obtained, the following four steps are respectively carried out:
(1) and screening, grading and drying the four nickel-based alloy powders.
(2) And (3) removing oxide layers and other impurities on the surfaces of the rotating shaft type workpieces by using a lathe, wherein the rotating shaft type workpieces have the size phi of 15mm multiplied by 70mm, and the cladding area of the workpieces is 0.4187 square meters.
(3) Preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece in the step (2) by adopting laser cladding, wherein the used laser is semiconductor laser, and the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: laser power 3000W, spot diameter 1.0mm, scanning linear velocity of 50m/min, vacuum environment of less than or equal to 0.2pa, powder feeding rate of 40g/min, and argon as working gas.
(4) And (4) performing final finish machining on the workpiece obtained in the step (3) according to the design size on a machine tool to obtain a laser cladding layer of the nickel-based alloy powder.
The workpiece clad by the four powders is subjected to performance and cladding layer quality tests, and the results are shown in table 1.
| Serial number | Hardness of cladding layer HRC | Cladding and powder feeding conditions |
| Example 1 | 37.8 | Non-cracking and non-blocking powder |
| Example 2 | 42,7 | Non-cracking and non-blocking powder |
| Comparative example 1 | 29.8 | Small crack and no blocking powder |
| Comparative example 2 | 32.5 | Small crack and no blocking powder |
TABLE 1 comparison of cladding Performance and cladding quality for specific examples and comparative examples
Analysis of results
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1, the powder feeding condition of the nickel-based alloy powder of the present invention is good, wherein a large amount of powder particles with irregular shapes do not exist, which indicates that the nickel-based alloy powder prepared by vacuum atomization of the present invention has a microstructure mainly of regular spheres, a small amount of rod-like structures, a dry appearance quality, no obvious oxidation color particles, no visible inclusions, and a smooth surface, and has the performance characteristics of uniform particle size distribution, low impurity content, and the like, the powder components of examples 1 and 2 are within an optimal range, and the cladding layer obtained at a scanning linear velocity of 50m/min has excellent performance, good hardness, and good quality of the cladding layer.
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 2, the cladding layer obtained in comparative example 1 has poor wear resistance and low hardness, and has small cracks, while the cladding layer obtained in comparative example 2 has general hardness and has small cracks, and both of them do not meet the use requirements.
The nickel-based powder disclosed by the invention has the performance characteristics of high sphericity, good fluidity, uniform particle size distribution and the like, has dry appearance quality, no obvious oxidation color particles and high purity, meets the performance requirements of a laser cladding printing technology on powder materials, and the formed cladding layer has the advantages of good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, strong plasticity, good high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, good compactness, no air holes, no impurities, compact structure, grain refinement and the like, can overcome the chilling cracking problem caused by the cladding rate, has the hardness of 30 HRC-45 HRC, has the advantages of high strength and wear resistance of the cladding layer, good plastic toughness, low cost and the like, can effectively improve the cladding efficiency, and the formed cladding layer is well metallurgically combined with the matrix metallurgy, and promotes the development of a metal additive manufacturing technology.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: ni: the balance, B: 1.5-2%, Si: 1.85-2.95%, Cr: 26-30%, Nb: 0.2-1.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Co: 24-29%, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, impurities: less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
2. The nickel-base alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size distribution of the nickel-based alloy powder is 38-150 mu m, the D50 is 80-100 um, and the D97 is 160-185 um.
3. The nickel-base alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: and carrying out high-speed high-.
4. The nickel-base alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fluidity of the nickel-based alloy powder is less than or equal to 20s/50g, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 200 ppm.
5. The nickel-base alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nickel-based alloy powder is prepared by vacuum gas atomization powder preparation in inert atmosphere.
6. The nickel-base alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cladding process adopts a semiconductor laser, and the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the diameter of a light spot is 1.0mm, the scanning linear velocity is 50m/min, the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 0.2pa, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the working gas is argon.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112575327A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 镇江四联机电科技有限公司 | High-hardness and high-wear-resistance composite coating applied to surface of valve body, preparation method and valve body |
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| WO2018093265A1 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I) | Nickel-base alloy, coating of such an alloy, and method for manufacturing such a coating |
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| CN110512207A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-29 | 沈阳大陆激光工程技术有限公司 | Laser manufactures and remanufactures copper plate of crystallizer composite powder material and its manufacturing method |
| CN111014703A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 中天上材增材制造有限公司 | Preparation method of nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| WO2018093265A1 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I) | Nickel-base alloy, coating of such an alloy, and method for manufacturing such a coating |
| CN106811673A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-09 | 芜湖锐华暖通科技有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant anti-oxidant low abrasion wear-resistant ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN110484776A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 深圳市万泽中南研究院有限公司 | A kind of Ni-base Superalloy Powder and application method of increasing material manufacturing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112575327A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 镇江四联机电科技有限公司 | High-hardness and high-wear-resistance composite coating applied to surface of valve body, preparation method and valve body |
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