CN108176848B - Powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing and preparation method - Google Patents
Powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new 3D printing materials, and relates to powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing and a preparation method, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.40, Cr: 1.40-1.60, Ni: 1.80-2.10, B: 0.50-1.00, Si: 1.00-1.20, Mo: 0.50-0.60, Mn: 0.10-0.50, V: 0.50-0.60 wt% and Fe for the rest. The low alloy steel raw material is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder with good sphericity; drying the powder in an oven at 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours; melting and depositing on the surface of the low alloy steel substrate after irradiation by adopting a fiber laser; the laser is subjected to lap joint irradiation treatment for many times under the protection of argon gas, so that the low-alloy steel material which has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like and has excellent comprehensive performance is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing series low alloy steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The nuclear power plant emergency diesel generator is directly related to nuclear safety as a whole plant emergency safety power supply, and aims to ensure safe shutdown of a unit and prevent damage of key equipment when a plant working power supply and an auxiliary power supply of a nuclear power plant both have faults, so that the nuclear power plant emergency diesel generator plays a vital role in protecting fuel elements from being damaged and ensuring nuclear safety. The camshaft of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator serves as a core component of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator, and the quality and the performance of the camshaft play a vital role in safe operation of a nuclear power plant. At present, a camshaft of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator is usually produced by a forging method. The method is characterized in that 12CrNi2 alloy steel is forged into a bar, then the bar is machined into a step shaft shape, finally a special die for upsetting is adopted for forming, and the surface heat treatment and other modes are continuously adopted for improving the performances of wear resistance, fatigue and the like of the surface of a workpiece. The traditional manufacturing process can not integrally form the emergency camshaft of the diesel generator, but only one crank throw can be processed each time, the process is complex, the manufacturing period is long, and the cutting amount is large. Therefore, the research on the advanced manufacturing technology of the short flow has important scientific significance and engineering application value.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology manufactures a solid part by performing hierarchical slicing and dimension reduction processing on a three-dimensional CAD model of the part and accumulating materials layer by layer according to a pre-generated path. Unlike conventional material removal (machining) techniques, it is a "bottom-up" additive manufacturing process. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, the additive manufacturing technology can greatly shorten the production period and reduce the production cost, and has remarkable advantages in the aspects of manufacturing complex functions, complex structures, difficult-to-process parts which are easy to deform and the like. The additive manufacturing technology can improve the design flexibility of products, promote the transformation of product development thinking and initiate the huge revolution of industrial production modes.
When the low alloy steel shaft parts are manufactured and formed by adopting laser additive, the multi-element alloy elements in the deposition material can generate physical and chemical metallurgical reaction to generate gas, and the defects of air holes, cracks and the like are easy to occur in the deposition material. Therefore, it is very important to prepare parts without defects such as cracks and air holes and meeting the performance design requirements by controlling the chemical components of the alloy powder material. The method has important significance for popularizing and using the novel low alloy steel powder material and making the low alloy steel powder material suitable for a laser additive manufacturing and forming process. The low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing has the advantages of low cost, high hardness and the like, and can replace the traditional forged 12CrNi2 low alloy steel shaft parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
Aiming at the problems of long production cycle, complex process and high cost of manufacturing a camshaft of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator by a forging method, the invention provides powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof. The low alloy steel material is manufactured by adopting a laser melting deposition technology and utilizing an optical fiber laser processing system to perform laser material increase, the alloy powder components are optimized, and the low alloy steel material which has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like and has excellent comprehensive performance is prepared.
Technical scheme
The powder for the low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.40, Cr: 1.40-1.60, Ni: 1.80-2.10, B: 0.50-1.00, Si: 1.00-1.20, Mo: 0.50-0.60, Mn: 0.10-0.50, V: 0.50-0.60 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns.
A method for manufacturing low alloy steel by using the powder for the low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps:
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening on the component powder to prepare spherical powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours;
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#Polishing, cleaning and drying the sand paper for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step 2 on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by irradiation of a laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) and carrying out laser melting deposition by adopting an optical fiber laser processing system under the protection of argon, carrying out laser irradiation treatment on the next layer under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after the next layer is continuously scanned, and obtaining the laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel member with few defects and excellent comprehensive performance after continuous multi-layer laser lap-joint irradiation treatment.
The spherical powder prepared in the step 1 has a center opening rate of less than or equal to 2 percent, an oxygen content of less than or equal to 250 ppm and an impurity content of less than 0.5 percent.
The spherical powder prepared in the step 1 can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g.
The apparent density of the spherical powder in the step 1 is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
In the step 4, the output power of the laser is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 6-10mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 11-15g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 400L/h.
The laser scanning method in the step 4 is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
Advantages and effects
The low alloy steel manufactured by the alloy powder through the additive manufacturing of the laser melting deposition technology has good formability and higher hardness, can be applied to the operating condition conditions of shaft parts, and has good engineering application prospect and economic benefit. Compared with the original 12CrNi2 forged piece, the defects of air holes, cracks and the like in the laser additive manufacturing process of alloy powder are inhibited by adding alloy elements such as V, Mo, B and the like, and meanwhile, the addition of the alloy elements can play the roles of grain refinement and solid solution strengthening, so that the comprehensive performance of the component is improved. The application of the laser additive manufacturing technology greatly shortens the production period and improves the manufacturing efficiency and precision. Meanwhile, the laser additive manufacturing process is also a rapid melting process, the crystal grain growth is inhibited, the crystal grain is refined, and the prepared alloy steel has uniform and compact structure and good comprehensive performance, so that the service life of the additive manufacturing low-alloy steel member is greatly prolonged. Meanwhile, the consumption of noble metal is reduced, the production process is simplified, the production cost of the component is reduced, and great economic benefit and social benefit are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%) C: 0.05, Cr: 1.40, Ni: 1.80, B: 0.50, Si: 1.00, Mo: 0.50, Mn: 0.10, V: 0.50, and the balance of SEM appearance of Fe powder;
FIG. 2 shows that the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%) C: 0.10, Cr: 1.50, Ni: 1.90, B: 0.60, Si: 1.10, Mo: 0.55, Mn: 0.20, V: 0.50, and the balance of SEM appearance of Fe powder;
FIG. 3 shows that the powder material comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%) C: 0.18, Cr: 1.60, Ni: 2.00, B: 0.80, Si: 1.20, Mo: 0.55, Mn: 0.40, V: 0.60, and the balance of SEM appearance of Fe powder;
FIG. 4 shows the powder compositions in weight percent (wt%) C: 0.40, Cr: 1.60, Ni: 2.10, B: 1.00, Si: 1.20, Mo: 0.60, Mn: 0.50, V: 0.60, and the balance of SEM appearance of Fe powder;
FIG. 5 is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the laser fused deposition low alloy steel material in examples 5, 6, 7 and 8;
FIG. 6 shows the powder compositions in mass percent (wt%) C: 0.05, Cr: 1.40, Ni: 1.80, B: 0.50, Si: 1.00, Mo: 0.50, Mn: 0.10, V: 0.50, and the balance of the SEM tissue morphology of the low alloy steel deposited by laser melting of Fe powder;
FIG. 7 shows that the powder components have the mass percentage (wt%) C: 0.10, Cr: 1.50, Ni: 1.90, B: 0.60, Si: 1.10, Mo: 0.55, Mn: 0.20, V: 0.50, and the balance of the SEM tissue morphology of the low alloy steel deposited by laser melting of Fe powder;
FIG. 8 shows C: 0.18, Cr: 1.60, Ni: 2.00, B: 0.80, Si: 1.20, Mo: 0.55, Mn: 0.40, V: 0.60, and the balance of the SEM tissue morphology of the low alloy steel deposited by laser melting of Fe powder;
FIG. 9 shows the powder compositions in mass percent (wt%) C: 0.40, Cr: 1.60, Ni: 2.10, B: 1.00, Si: 1.20, Mo: 0.60, Mn: 0.50, V: 0.60, and the balance of SEM tissue morphology of low alloy steel deposited by Fe powder laser melting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a series of powder materials for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing, which utilizes a fiber laser to coaxially feed powder on the surface of a low alloy steel substrate, laser irradiation alloy powder is rapidly melted and deposited on the surface of the low alloy steel substrate, and the low alloy steel material is formed on the surface of the substrate under the condition of rapid melting. The powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.40, Cr: 1.40-1.60, Ni: 1.80-2.10, B: 0.50-1.00, Si: 1.00-1.20, Mo: 0.50-0.60, Mn: 0.10-0.50, V: 0.50-0.60 wt% and Fe for the rest. The particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns.
The method for manufacturing the low alloy steel by using the powder comprises the following steps:
1) the laser additive manufacturing low alloy steel powder is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#Polishing, cleaning and drying the sand paper for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step 2 on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by irradiation of a laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode; such as 35CrMo steel, 12CrNi2 steel, Q235 steel and the like.
4) The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser melting deposition by adopting an optical fiber laser processing system under the protection of argon gas, carrying out laser irradiation treatment on the next layer under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after one layer is continuously scanned, wherein the output power of a laser is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 6-10mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 11-15g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 3.5-4.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, the flow of protective gas argon is 300-400L/h, and after continuous multilayer laser lap joint irradiation treatment, obtaining the low-alloy steel member manufactured by laser material increase with few defects and excellent comprehensive performance. The laser scanning method is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The powder material comprises (wt%) C0.05, Cr 1.40, Ni 1.80, B0.50, Si 1.00, Mo 0.50, Mn 0.10, V0.50, and the balance Fe. powder material with particle size of 53 ~ 140 μm.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
As shown in the SEM morphology of the powder in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the powder particles are spherical and have a smaller particle size distribution. The tests showed that the oxygen content of the powder was 216 ppm.
Example 2
The alloy powder comprises, by weight, 0.10% of C, 1.50% of Cr, 1.90% of Ni, 0.60% of B, 1.10% of Si, 0.55% of Mo, 0.20% of Mn, 0.50% of V and the balance Fe. powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
As shown in FIG. 2, which is an SEM image of the powder of the ingredients listed in example 2, it can be seen that the powder particles are spherical and have a smaller particle size distribution of about 53 ~ 140 microns.
Example 3
The alloy powder comprises, by weight, 0.18% of C, 1.60% of Cr, 2.00% of Ni, 0.80% of B, 1.20% of Si, 0.55% of Mo, 0.40% of Mn, 0.60% of V and the balance Fe. powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.1 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
As shown in FIG. 3, which is a SEM image of a powder of the ingredients listed in example 3, it can be seen that the powder particles are spherical and have a smaller size distribution of about 53 ~ 140 microns.
Example 4
The alloy powder comprises, by weight, 0.40% of C, 1.60% of Cr, 2.10% of Ni, 1.00% of B, 1.20% of Si, 0.60% of Mo, 0.50% of Mn, 0.60% of V and the balance Fe. powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
As shown in FIG. 4, which is the SEM image of the powder of example 4, it can be seen that the powder particles are spherical and have a smaller size distribution of about 53 ~ 140 microns, and the oxygen content in the powder is 220 ppm.
Example 5
The powder material comprises (wt%) C0.05, Cr 1.40, Ni 1.80, B0.50, Si 1.00, Mo 0.50, Mn 0.10, V0.50, and the balance Fe. powder material with particle size of 53 ~ 140 μm.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#And (3) polishing by using abrasive paper, cleaning and drying for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step (2) on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode through laser irradiation.
4) And carrying out laser irradiation treatment by adopting an optical fiber laser processing system under the protection of gas, carrying out laser irradiation treatment on the next layer under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after the next layer is continuously scanned, wherein the output power of a laser is 2000W, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 11g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 400L/h, so that the low-alloy steel member manufactured by laser additive manufacturing with few defects and excellent comprehensive performance is obtained. The laser scanning method is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
Example 6
The alloy powder comprises, by weight, 0.10% of C, 1.50% of Cr, 1.90% of Ni, 0.60% of B, 1.10% of Si, 0.55% of Mo, 0.20% of Mn, 0.50% of V and the balance Fe. powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.1 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#And (3) polishing by using abrasive paper, cleaning and drying for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step (2) on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode through laser irradiation.
4) And carrying out laser irradiation treatment by adopting a laser under the protection of gas, and carrying out next layer of laser irradiation treatment under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after one layer is continuously scanned, wherein the power of the laser is 2200W, the scanning speed is 7.5mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 12.5g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 4mm, the lap joint rate is 48%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 370L/h. The laser scanning method is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
Example 7
The low alloy steel powder comprises, by weight, 0.18% of C, 1.60% of Cr, 2.00% of Ni, 0.80% of B, 1.20% of Si, 0.55% of Mo, 0.40% of Mn, 0.60% of V, and the balance Fe. powder, wherein the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is prepared by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screeningObtaining spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#And (3) polishing by using abrasive paper, cleaning and drying for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step (2) on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode through laser irradiation.
4) And carrying out laser irradiation treatment by adopting a laser under the protection of gas, and carrying out laser irradiation treatment on the next layer under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after one layer is continuously scanned, wherein the power of the laser is 2100W, the scanning speed is 9mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 14g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 4.5mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 330L/h, so that the low-alloy steel component manufactured by laser additive manufacturing with few defects and excellent comprehensive performance is obtained. The laser scanning method is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
Example 8
The alloy powder comprises, by weight, 0.40% of C, 1.60% of Cr, 2.10% of Ni, 1.00% of B, 1.20% of Si, 0.60% of Mo, 0.50% of Mn, 0.60% of V and the balance Fe. powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53 ~ 140 microns.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the low alloy steel raw material with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare spherical powder; the core opening rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 250 ppm, and the impurity content<0.5 percent; the prepared spherical powder can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
2) And (3) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours.
3) Low alloy steelSubstrate surface 60#-500#And (3) polishing by using abrasive paper, cleaning and drying for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step (2) on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode through laser irradiation.
4) And (2) carrying out laser irradiation treatment by adopting a laser under the protection of gas, and carrying out next layer of laser irradiation treatment under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after one layer is continuously scanned, wherein the output power of the laser is 2150W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 15g/min, the spot diameter is 4.5mm, the lap joint rate is 55%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 300L/h. The laser scanning method is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
FIG. 5 shows the X-ray diffraction results of the laser fused deposition of the low alloy steel workpieces of examples 5, 6, 7 and 8. It can be seen that the series of low alloy steels to which this patent relates are all composed of martensite.
FIG. 6 is an SEM microstructure of laser fusion deposited low alloy steel from the powder compositions listed in example 5. FIG. 7 is an SEM microstructure of laser fusion deposited low alloy steel from the powder compositions listed in example 6. FIG. 8 SEM microstructure of laser fusion deposited low alloy steel from the powder compositions listed in example 7. FIG. 9 SEM microstructure of laser fusion deposited low alloy steel from the powder compositions listed in example 8.
The 4 groups of laser melting deposition low alloy steel solidification structures are all lath martensite. A plurality of parallel laths form a lath bundle, and lath martensite is composed of lath bundles with different orientations. With the increase of the content of elements such as Cr, C and the like, the martensite structure is obviously increased and refined. The martensite transformation critical cooling speed is also related to powder alloy elements, and elements such as Cr, C and the like in the original powder can improve the hardenability of the steel, thereby promoting the martensite transformation. Under the rapid cooling effect of the molten pool, the martensite transformation is smoothly performed. The grain size of the laser additive manufacturing material is far smaller than that of the material manufactured by the traditional method, and the uniform and compact microstructure is beneficial to improving the comprehensive properties of the alloy steel, such as hardness, toughness and the like.
The micro-hardness of the powder laser melting deposition low alloy steels of the compositions listed in examples 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the present invention were 325HV, 348HV, 419HV and 450HV, respectively. The 35CrMo substrate used had an average hardness of 220 HV. In the rapid melting and solidification process in the laser melting and deposition process, elements such as Cr, C and the like in the matrix phase alpha-Fe promote the martensite transformation. With the increase of the content of the C element, on one hand, the martensite transformation is promoted, the lattice distortion is increased, the dislocation motion is hindered, and the hardness is improved. Meanwhile, the content of the element C is increased, so that the melting point of liquid metal in a metal melting pool is improved, the supercooling degree of the metal during solidification is increased, the nucleation rate is improved, and the effect of refining grains is achieved. Thereby improving the hardness of the workpiece. Under the same environment, the low alloy steel manufactured by laser melting deposition has good comprehensive performance, so the invention adopts the laser additive manufacturing melting deposition method to successfully prepare the low-cost alloy steel material with excellent performance.
Laser vibration material disk is powder for low alloy steel belongs to 3D and prints new technical field. Along with the change of the content of alloy elements, the matrix phase structure of the low alloy steel is changed, the microhardness is increased along with the increase of the content of C elements, a tempered martensite structure generated in the laser additive manufacturing process has higher hardness and better toughness, can be used for laser additive manufacturing of large-scale equipment, large-size and complex-structure camshafts and other components, is high fusion of an advanced information technology and an advanced manufacturing technology, greatly reduces the resource consumption, promotes the development of green manufacturing, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
Claims (6)
1. A method for manufacturing low alloy steel by using powder used by low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.40, Cr: 1.40-1.60, Ni: 1.80-2.10, B: 0.50-1.00, Si: 1.00-1.20, Mo: 0.50-0.60, Mn: 0.10-0.50, V: 0.50-0.60, and the balance of Fe;
the particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening on the component powder to prepare spherical powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for more than 3 hours;
3) 60 for low alloy steel substrate surface#-500#Polishing, cleaning and drying the sand paper for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained after drying in the step 2 on the surface of the low-alloy steel substrate by irradiation of a laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) and carrying out laser melting deposition by adopting an optical fiber laser processing system under the protection of argon, carrying out laser irradiation treatment on the next layer under the condition that the scanning direction is parallel to the scanning direction of the previous layer after the next layer is continuously scanned, and obtaining the laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel member with few defects and excellent comprehensive performance after continuous multi-layer laser lap-joint irradiation treatment.
2. The method for manufacturing low alloy steel using powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spherical powder prepared in the step 1 has a center opening rate of less than or equal to 2 percent, an oxygen content of less than or equal to 250 ppm and an impurity content of less than 0.5 percent.
3. The method for manufacturing low alloy steel using powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spherical powder prepared in the step 1 can be repeatedly used for more than 3 times, and the powder fluidity is less than or equal to 16s/50 g.
4. The method for manufacturing low alloy steel using powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the apparent density of the spherical powder in the step 1 is more than or equal to 4.35 g/cm3。
5. The method for manufacturing low alloy steel using powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the output power of the laser is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 6-10mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 11-15g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, and the flow of protective gas argon is 400L/h.
6. The method for manufacturing low alloy steel using powder for low alloy steel for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser scanning method in the step 4 is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer to return to the origin coordinates of the XY plane, then the next layer is scanned, and the moving distance of the Z axis of each layer is 0.6 mm; 3-dimensional low-alloy steel material is formed through multi-layer printing.
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