CN109128574B - Steel powder core wire for electric arc deposition additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Steel powder core wire for electric arc deposition additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109128574B CN109128574B CN201811057419.5A CN201811057419A CN109128574B CN 109128574 B CN109128574 B CN 109128574B CN 201811057419 A CN201811057419 A CN 201811057419A CN 109128574 B CN109128574 B CN 109128574B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. Discloses a method for manufacturing steel powder core wire material for electric arc deposition additive manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a core powder material according to a base material, wherein the base material is a metal material; spreading the core powder material on the base material to obtain a part to be sintered; performing liquid phase sintering on the part to be sintered to obtain a sintered part; and rolling, coiling and drawing the sintered part to obtain the steel powder core wire for the arc deposition additive manufacturing. The wire prepared by the method has uniform powder distribution and good stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a steel powder core wire for electric arc deposited additive manufacturing.
Background
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the technology of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) which manufactures a solid metal member by build-up welding layer by layer using an Arc as an energy-carrying beam, and which is developed mainly based on welding technologies such as TIG, MIG, SAW, etc., and a formed part is formed of an all-welded joint, and has uniform chemical components, high density, good metallurgical bonding properties, and good mechanical properties. The open forming environment has no limit to the size of the formed piece, and the forming speed can reach several kg/h. The metal wire is an important raw material in the additive manufacturing process using an electric arc as a heat source. Compared with metal powder, the metal wire has the advantages of low preparation cost, convenient storage and transportation and the like, and has better application prospect in field repair. However, there is still a certain technical bottleneck in the manufacture and application of wire materials such as stainless steel and steel suitable for electric arc additive manufacturing.
Generally, a metal wire material used for arc deposition additive manufacturing is a Cored wire (also called a tubular wire), and is composed of a metal sheath and a powder core. The metal sheath can be not only a low-carbon steel band, but also other bands suitable for rolling and drawing, such as Ni, Al, Zn, Cu, stainless steel bands and the like. The powder core part can be used as a filler after various different powders are mixed according to the design requirement. Compared with solid wires and powder, the electric arc deposited cored wire can conveniently adjust the wire components according to the coating component requirements, and has the advantages of convenient processing, low cost, simple use equipment, convenient operation and huge development potential. The manufacture of the wire is similar to that of flux-cored wire used for welding, in the process of manufacture, a metal band suitable for rolling is rolled into a groove shape, then alloy powder or other powder which is uniformly mixed is sent into the metal band groove, the metal band is closed by a roller and rolled into a round shape, and then the diameter of the metal band is gradually reduced to the required final size by a wire drawing die.
However, in the preparation process of the powder core wire, the powder is in a loose state and is difficult to fill, the powder is seriously wasted, the powder is unevenly distributed after filling, the efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the consumption speeds of the outer layer metal and the powder are inconsistent in the use process, so that the discontinuity of the production process is caused, and the shape control and the control performance in the additive manufacturing process are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a steel powder core wire for electric arc deposition additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
embodiments of a first aspect of the invention provide a method of arc depositing a steel powder core wire for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
preparing a powder core material according to a base material, mixing Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder in equal mole fractions, putting the mixture into a high-energy ball mill, and ball-milling the mixture for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 150r/min to obtain alloy powder, wherein the base material is a metal material;
spreading the powder core material on the base material to obtain a part to be sintered;
performing liquid phase sintering on the part to be sintered to obtain a sintered part;
and rolling, coiling and drawing the sintered part to obtain the steel powder core wire for the arc deposition additive manufacturing.
Furthermore, the base material is a medium-low carbon steel belt, and the mass percentage of carbon in the low carbon steel is 0.1-0.3%.
Further, the sintering temperature of the liquid phase sintering is 500-900 ℃.
Further, the mass percentage of carbon in the powder core material is 1-2%.
Furthermore, the mass percentage of the oxide or the ceramic particles in the powder core material is 1-3%.
Further, the following parameters are adopted in the rolling process: the rolling temperature is 600-800 ℃, the deformation is 10-30%, and the rolling reduction per time is not more than 5%.
Further, the wire drawing is to draw the wire to the diameter of 1-5 mm.
Embodiments of a second aspect of the present invention provide an arc-deposited steel powder core wire for additive manufacturing prepared by the above-described preparation method.
By means of the scheme, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a powder metallurgy method, so that the prepared wire has uniform powder distribution, higher efficiency and better stability. The developed wire meets the requirement of metal arc deposition additive manufacturing.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the scheme of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the following further describes the scheme of the present invention with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the examples of the present invention are illustrative of the scheme of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A method for welding a steel powder core wire for additive manufacturing by electric arc comprises the following steps:
preparing a powder core material according to a base material, mixing Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder in equal mole fractions, putting the mixture into a high-energy ball mill, and ball-milling the mixture for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 150r/min to obtain alloy powder, wherein the base material is a metal material;
spreading the powder core material on the base material to obtain a part to be sintered;
performing liquid phase sintering on the part to be sintered to obtain a sintered part;
and rolling, coiling and drawing the sintered part to obtain the steel powder core wire for the arc deposition additive manufacturing.
Furthermore, the base material is a medium-low carbon steel belt, and the mass percentage of carbon in the low carbon steel is 0.1-0.3%.
Further, the sintering temperature of the liquid phase sintering is 500-900 ℃.
Further, the mass percentage of carbon in the powder core material is 1-2%.
Furthermore, the mass percentage of the oxide or the ceramic particles in the powder core material is 1-3%.
Further, the following parameters are adopted in the rolling process: the rolling temperature is 600-800 ℃, the deformation is 10-30%, and the rolling reduction per time is not more than 5%.
Further, the wire drawing is to draw the wire to the diameter of 1-5 mm.
Embodiments of a second aspect of the present invention provide an arc-deposited steel powder core wire for additive manufacturing prepared by the above-described preparation method.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention. Composite powder containing Fe, Ni, Cu, etc. was used as a powder core, and low and medium carbon steel belts of 15 steel, 20 steel, 30 steel, etc. were used as outer skins in examples 1 to 3 to prepare powder core wire materials.
Example 1
Firstly, cutting a 1mm low-carbon steel strip 15 steel plate into steel strips with different widths for later use;
step two, powder core preparation: selecting alloy powder with different components according to different requirements, adding copper powder as a binder of the alloy material, adding different carbon powder to adjust the components of the steel, and uniformly mixing the powder materials with different proportions to obtain a mixture. For example, Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder are mixed according to equal mole fraction and put into a high-energy ball mill to be milled for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 150r/min, and alloy powder with uniform components is obtained;
step three, uniformly paving alloy powder on the base steel belt;
fourthly, pre-sintering the steel belt paved with the alloy powder through a crawler-type sintering furnace;
step five, rolling the strip which is paved and presintered;
step six, rolling the sintered steel strip into a round shape by a plate rolling machine;
and seventhly, drawing the circular bar into arc deposited wires with different sizes through a drawing process.
The invention provides a powder metallurgy method, so that the prepared wire has uniform powder distribution, higher efficiency and better stability. The developed wire meets the requirement of metal arc deposition additive manufacturing.
Example 2
Firstly, cutting a 1mm low-carbon steel strip 20 steel plate into steel strips with different widths for later use;
step two, powder core preparation: selecting alloy powder with different components according to different requirements, adding copper powder as a binder of the alloy material, adding different carbon powder to adjust the components of the steel, and uniformly mixing the powder materials with different proportions to obtain a mixture. For example, Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder are mixed according to equal mole fraction and put into a high-energy ball mill to be milled for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 150r/min, and alloy powder with uniform components is obtained;
step three, uniformly paving alloy powder on the base steel belt;
fourthly, pre-sintering the steel belt paved with the alloy powder through a crawler-type sintering furnace;
step five, rolling the strip which is paved and presintered;
step six, rolling the sintered steel strip into a round shape by a plate rolling machine;
and seventhly, drawing the circular bar into arc deposited wires with different sizes through a drawing process.
The invention provides a powder metallurgy method, so that the prepared wire has uniform powder distribution, higher efficiency and better stability. The developed wire meets the requirement of metal arc deposition additive manufacturing.
Example 3
Firstly, cutting a 30-steel plate of a medium carbon steel belt with the thickness of 1mm into steel belts with different widths for later use;
step two, powder core preparation: selecting alloy powder with different components according to different requirements, adding copper powder as a binder of the alloy material, adding different carbon powder to adjust the components of the steel, and uniformly mixing the powder materials with different proportions to obtain a mixture. For example, Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder are mixed according to equal mole fraction and put into a high-energy ball mill to be milled for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 150r/min, and alloy powder with uniform components is obtained;
step three, uniformly paving alloy powder on the base steel belt;
fourthly, pre-sintering the steel belt paved with the alloy powder through a crawler-type sintering furnace;
step five, rolling the strip which is paved and presintered;
step six, rolling the sintered steel strip into a round shape by a plate rolling machine;
and seventhly, drawing the circular bar into arc deposited wires with different sizes through a drawing process.
The invention provides a powder metallurgy method, so that the prepared wire has uniform powder distribution, higher efficiency and better stability. The developed wire meets the requirement of metal arc deposition additive manufacturing.
The cored wire rods for arc welding of examples 1 to 3 were deposited by arc welding to form a 30X 30mm square, and the welding current was set to 145A, the voltage was set to 14V, and the deposition rate was set to 40 cm/min. The results of the performance tests are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for melting and depositing steel powder core wire material for additive manufacturing by electric arc is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a powder core material according to a base material, mixing Fe powder, Ni powder, Cu powder, Co powder and Cr powder in equal mole fractions, putting the mixture into a high-energy ball mill, and ball-milling the mixture for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 150r/min to obtain alloy powder, wherein the base material is a medium-low carbon steel belt;
spreading the powder core material on the base material to obtain a part to be sintered;
performing liquid phase sintering on the part to be sintered to obtain a sintered part;
and rolling, coiling and drawing the sintered part to obtain the steel powder core wire for the arc deposition additive manufacturing.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature of the liquid phase sintering is 500-900 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass percent of carbon in the powder core material is 1-2%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the oxide or ceramic particles in the powder core material is 1-3%.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling uses the following parameters: the rolling temperature is 600-800 ℃, the deformation is 10-30%, and the rolling reduction per time is not more than 5%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein drawing is to a wire diameter of 1-5 mm.
7. A steel powder core wire for arc-deposited additive manufacturing, characterized in that it is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN201811057419.5A CN109128574B (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2018-09-11 | Steel powder core wire for electric arc deposition additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109128574B true CN109128574B (en) | 2021-03-12 |
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| CN110270690B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-02-11 | 江苏理工学院 | Fe-Mn-Cu powder core wire and electric arc additive machining process thereof |
| CN111590079B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2022-04-01 | 华中科技大学 | Nano oxide dispersion strengthened steel part and rapid additive manufacturing method thereof |
| CN116638089A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-08-25 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Wire method for preparing arc additive manufacturing based on large-particle spherical metal powder |
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| DE2440995C2 (en) * | 1974-08-27 | 1987-07-16 | Huehne, Erwin, 7801 Schallstadt, De | |
| CN102451961A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-05-16 | 中冶焊接科技有限公司 | Flux-cored wire for austenitic stainless steel welding |
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