CN111543180A

CN111543180A - Jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine and picking method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111543180A
Application number: CN202010565517.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐建敏; 曾天麒; 闫辉; 蒋兴宇
Original assignee: Changzhou Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Changzhou Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2020-06-19
Publication date: 2020-08-18

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine and a picking method thereof. This picking machine includes the chassis, the air-blower, picking head, transport mechanism, install the bin on the chassis, transport mechanism sets up between bin and picking head, picking head includes the hollow shaft, rotatory picking mechanism, actuating mechanism, the end connection of hollow shaft has the conveyer pipe, the hollow shaft passes through conveyer pipe and air-blower intercommunication, the first half of hollow shaft is provided with first window, rotatory picking mechanism includes rotatory sleeve and sets up the picking mechanism on rotatory sleeve, rotatory sleeve is rotatably the cover under actuating mechanism's drive outside locating the hollow shaft, be provided with the second window on the rotatory sleeve. The chrysanthemum picking device can adapt to the growth characteristics of chrysanthemum, meets the harvesting requirement of chrysanthemum, integrates picking and collecting, has reasonable structural design, has the collecting efficiency obviously higher than that of the existing chrysanthemum picking device, and has good picking and collecting effects.

Description

Jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine and picking method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, mainly relates to a picking device, and particularly relates to a picking device suitable for picking chrysanthemum.

Background

The chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in large amount, is a dry capitate inflorescence of chrysanthemum belonging to the chrysanthemum genus of the Compositae family, is sweet and bitter in taste and slightly cold in nature, contains various active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenolic acid and volatile ingredients, has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat, calming the liver and improving eyesight, clearing heat and detoxifying and the like, and is a good traditional Chinese medicine and health-care beverage. With the development of social economy, the demand of drinks is increasing, so that in recent years, chrysanthemum which is used as tea and medicine is rapidly developed, and the planting area is increasing.

The height of the chrysanthemum is 60-180 cm, the diameter of the flower is 2-5 cm, the flowering time of the chrysanthemum is inconsistent, the chrysanthemum is multi-branched, the distance between the top flower and the bottom flower is large, and the mechanical harvesting of the chrysanthemum is difficult. According to the subsequent processing and production requirements of chrysanthemum, the picked chrysanthemum cannot have overlong flower stalks, so that the chrysanthemum is basically manually harvested in batches at present.

The chrysanthemum has a short flowering phase, and if the chrysanthemum cannot be picked in time, the chrysanthemum withers and loses economic value, and particularly, the chrysanthemum is eroded when the chrysanthemum is not picked in time in rainy days. However, the picking mode of chrysanthemum is still simple and crude, most chrysanthemum still remains to be picked by hands or simple tools, and the area of a chrysanthemum plantation is large, so that the labor demand is high. And with the social development and the aging of population gradually improved, more and more people go out to work for a few years, and in the busy season of chrysanthemum picking, only the old people generally pick chrysanthemum, so that the labor is gradually in short supply, the labor intensity is greatly improved, the labor cost is improved, the income is at least 30%, and the profit space is greatly compressed. The harvest of chrysanthemum becomes an important factor which seriously restricts the development of chrysanthemum industry.

Simulating manual chrysanthemum picking, three methods can realize large-scale mechanical picking, one is rotating comb teeth, the other is reciprocating comb teeth, and the other is chain harrow. Reciprocating type broach and chain harrow all structure are complicated, are unsuitable for field large-scale production, and the efficiency of rotatory broach is the highest, but current design is not practical, and the conveyer belt or the collector that most will collect the usefulness is arranged in below the rotatory broach, has hindered rotatory broach and has picked the chrysanthemum.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic chrysanthemum picking device which can adapt to the growth characteristics of chrysanthemum, meet the harvesting requirement of chrysanthemum, integrate picking and collecting, change the current situation that chrysanthemum is still artificially harvested, reduce labor intensity, improve chrysanthemum harvesting efficiency and increase economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

rotatory chrysanthemum picking machine of jet-propelled hollow shaft, including chassis, air-blower, picking head, transport mechanism, install the bin on the chassis, transport mechanism sets up between bin and picking head, picking head includes hollow shaft, rotatory picking mechanism, actuating mechanism, the end connection of hollow shaft has the conveyer pipe, and the hollow shaft passes through conveyer pipe and air-blower intercommunication, the first half of hollow shaft is provided with first window, rotatory picking mechanism includes rotatory sleeve and sets up the picking mechanism on rotatory sleeve, rotatory sleeve is rotatably the cover under actuating mechanism's drive outside locating the hollow shaft, be provided with the second window on the rotatory sleeve.

Furthermore, when the first window on the hollow shaft and the second window on the rotating sleeve are staggered, the hollow shaft and the rotating sleeve form a closed sleeve together; when the first window on the hollow shaft and the second window on the rotary sleeve coincide, the chrysanthemum collecting channel is opened, and the chrysanthemum is blown to the conveying mechanism by the compressed air of the air blower and then collected in the storage box.

Furthermore, transport mechanism includes driven conveying belt wheel, initiative conveying belt wheel, and driven conveying belt wheel and initiative conveying belt wheel overcoat are equipped with the conveyer belt of taking the baffle, rotatory sleeve and initiative conveying belt wheel overcoat are equipped with the hold-in range, thereby actuating mechanism drive rotatory sleeve is rotatory picks the chrysanthemum, thereby simultaneously actuating mechanism transports the chrysanthemum to the holding vessel through the conveyer belt motion of hold-in range driving belt baffle.

Furthermore, the radial span of the first window is 60 degrees, one end of the first window deviates from the vertical central axis of the hollow shaft to form an included angle of 10 degrees, and the opening radian of the first window is larger than or equal to that of the second window.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism is an outer rotor motor driving mechanism, or a gear transmission driving mechanism, or a synchronous belt transmission driving mechanism.

Furthermore, picking mechanism is for being fixed in a plurality of broach row on the rotatory sleeve along the circumferencial direction, the extending direction of broach row is the same with the extending direction of hollow shaft, and every broach row includes a plurality of broach, and the interval between the single broach is 4mm, and the radius of gyration of broach row is 400mm, and on the one end of broach was fixed in the rotatory sleeve, the other end was provided with the blade, the tip of broach was towards working face one side bending.

Furthermore, the comb teeth are fixed at one end of the second window, and the transverse span of the second window is 40mm, so that a chrysanthemum outlet is formed.

Furthermore, a middle partition plate is arranged in the hollow shaft, the hollow shaft is divided into a left cavity channel and a right cavity channel, the conveying pipe comprises a left conveying pipe and a right conveying pipe, the air blower comprises a left air blower and a right air blower, the left cavity channel is communicated to the left air blower through the left conveying pipe, and the right cavity channel is communicated to the right air blower through the right conveying pipe.

Furthermore, the picking machine also comprises a height adjusting device, wherein the height adjusting device comprises an adjusting frame and a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the adjusting frame is hinged with the supporting rod on the chassis, the other end of the adjusting frame is connected with the picking head, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the chassis, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the adjusting frame.

The picking method of the jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine comprises the following steps:

during operation, rotatory picking mechanism injects chrysanthemum clump below, and is rotatory around the hollow shaft along with rotating sleeve, and picking mechanism on the rotating sleeve picks chrysanthemum or fetal chrysanthemum, and rotating sleeve continues to rotate, and when first window on the hollow shaft and the second window on the rotating sleeve coincide, the chrysanthemum is collected the passageway and is dredged, and the chrysanthemum is blown to transport mechanism by the compressed air of air-blower on, and then is collected in the holding box.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine and the picking method thereof can adapt to the growth characteristics of chrysanthemum, meet the harvesting requirement of chrysanthemum, integrate picking and collecting, have reasonable structural design, have the collecting efficiency obviously higher than that of the existing chrysanthemum picking device, and have good picking and collecting effects.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an air-jet rotary chrysanthemum picker according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an air-jet rotary chrysanthemum picker in the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the appearance of the jet rotary chrysanthemum picker in the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a portion of the picking head in an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 4 (three rows of combs);

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a hollow shaft;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a single comb tooth;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a comb row configuration;

fig. 9 is a side sectional view of a portion of the picking head (four rows of combs);

fig. 10 is a side sectional view of a portion of the picking head (five rows of combs);

fig. 11 is a side sectional view of a portion of the picking head (six rows of combs);

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a gear drive configuration of the drive mechanism of the picking head;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a picking head driving mechanism adopting a synchronous belt transmission structure.

In the figure: 1. rotating the picking mechanism; 1-1, rotating the sleeve; 1-2, comb tooth rows; 2. a hollow shaft; 3. a seal ring; 4. a bearing; 5. a planetary reduction outer rotor brushless motor; 6. an adjusting bracket; 7. a safety shield; 8. a hydraulic cylinder; 9. a blower; 10. a delivery pipe; 11. comb teeth; 12. a storage tank; 13. a chassis; 14. a conveyor belt with a partition plate; 15. a driven conveyor belt pulley; 16. a tension wheel; 17. a driving conveyor belt wheel; 18. and (4) a synchronous belt.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present embodiment provides a jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker as shown in fig. 1-3. The jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine comprises a chassis 13, a blower 9, a picking head and a conveying mechanism, wherein the picking head comprises a hollow shaft 2, a rotating picking mechanism and a driving mechanism.

In order to improve the automation level and further reduce the manpower input, the chassis 13 in this embodiment is an automatic chassis, specifically adopts an independent four-wheel drive electric chassis, has an unmanned function, and autonomously plans a working route or manually remotely controls two working modes according to a chrysanthemum field map. And the manned agricultural chassis can also be adopted according to the actual requirement.

A storage box 12 is arranged on the chassis 13, and a conveying mechanism is arranged between the storage box 12 and the picking heads. The end of the hollow shaft 2 is connected with a conveying pipe 10, and the hollow shaft 2 is communicated with a blower 9 through the conveying pipe 10. In order to increase the air passage, a middle partition plate may be designed in the hollow shaft 2 to separate the interior of the hollow shaft 2 into two independent passages (as shown in fig. 6), that is, to separate the hollow shaft 2 into a left side chamber and a right side chamber, the conveying pipe 10 includes a left conveying pipe and a right conveying pipe, the blower 9 includes a left blower and a right blower, the left side chamber is communicated to the left blower through the left conveying pipe, and the right side chamber is communicated to the right blower through the right conveying pipe.

The structure of the picking head is shown in fig. 4-8, and comprises a hollow shaft 2, a rotary picking mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein in the embodiment, the driving mechanism adopts a planetary speed reduction outer rotor brushless motor 5. The upper half part of the hollow shaft 2 is provided with a first window (as shown in fig. 5), the rotary picking mechanism 1 comprises a rotary sleeve 1-1 and a picking mechanism arranged on the rotary sleeve 1-1, the rotary sleeve 1-1 is rotatably sleeved outside the hollow shaft 2 under the driving of a driving mechanism, a bearing 4 and a sealing ring 3 are arranged between the hollow shaft 2 and the rotary sleeve 1-1, and the rotary sleeve 1-1 is provided with a second window (as shown in fig. 5). In this embodiment, the picking mechanism is three comb teeth rows 1-2 (as shown in fig. 8) fixed on the rotating sleeve 1-1 along the circumferential direction, the extending direction of the comb teeth rows is the same as the extending direction of the hollow shaft 2, each comb teeth row comprises a plurality of comb teeth 11 (as shown in fig. 7), the comb teeth are formed by processing steel plates once, the interval between the single comb teeth is 4mm, it is ensured that the chrysanthemum and the chrysanthemum bud can be picked through the chrysanthemum branch rod, the comb teeth are longer, the rotating radius of the assembled rotating comb teeth reaches 400mm, and it is ensured that all the chrysanthemum on the surface layer and the chrysanthemum at the bottom are picked. One end of the comb teeth is fixed to the rotating sleeve 1-1, and the other end is provided with a cutting edge, and the end of the comb teeth is bent toward the working surface side (the preferred angle θ 3 in the present embodiment is 135 °). The comb teeth are fixed at one end of the second window, the transverse span L of the second window is 40mm, a chrysanthemum outlet is formed, namely, a chrysanthemum collecting channel with the width reaching 40mm is designed on the working surface of each row of comb teeth on the rotating sleeve 1-1. An arc-shaped safety protection cover 7 as shown in figure 1 can also be arranged above the picking heads. The safety protection cover 7 has the main function of ensuring that the chrysanthemum blown up by wind falls on the conveying belt 14 and preventing the chrysanthemum from being blown away besides the safety protection function.

When a first window on the hollow shaft 2 and a second window on the rotating sleeve 1-1 are staggered, the hollow shaft 2 and the rotating sleeve 1-1 jointly form a closed sleeve; when the first window of the hollow shaft 2 and the second window of the rotary sleeve 1-1 coincide, the chrysanthemum collection passage is opened, and the chrysanthemum is blown onto the transfer mechanism by the compressed air of the blower 9 and is collected in the storage box 12.

In this embodiment, the conveying mechanism is preferably configured as shown in fig. 1, and includes a driven conveying pulley 15, a driving conveying pulley 17, a conveying belt 14 with partitions is sleeved outside the driven conveying pulley 15 and the driving conveying pulley 17, a timing belt 18 is sleeved outside the rotating sleeve 1-1 and the driving conveying pulley 17, the driving mechanism drives the rotating sleeve 1-1 to rotate so as to pick up the chrysanthemum, and meanwhile the driving mechanism drives the conveying belt 14 with partitions to move through the timing belt 18 so as to convey the chrysanthemum into the storage box 12. To achieve tensioning of the belt 14 with baffles, a tensioning wheel 16 may also be provided. By utilizing the conveying mechanism, the chrysanthemum can be picked and conveyed simultaneously by only one driving device.

In this embodiment, the radial span θ 1 of the first window is 60 °, the included angle θ 2 of one end of the first window deviating from the vertical central axis plane of the hollow shaft 2 is 10 °, and the opening radian of the first window is greater than or equal to that of the second window.

In this embodiment, a height adjusting device 8 is further provided, the height adjusting device 8 includes an adjusting frame 6 and a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the adjusting frame 6 is hinged to a support rod on a chassis 13, the other end of the adjusting frame is connected to the picking head, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the chassis 13, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the adjusting frame 6.

During installation, the air passages in the hollow shaft 1 are oriented at an angle that facilitates blowing chrysanthemum flowers onto the conveyor 14. The conveying pipe 10 is connected with the hollow shaft 1 and the blower 9, and conveys the low-pressure large-flow air generated by the blower 9 to a backward air outlet of the hollow shaft 1. The conveying belt 14 with the partition for collecting the chrysanthemum is arranged on one side of the hollow shaft rotating comb tooth picking head 2, the chrysanthemum picked by the rotating comb tooth is blown down onto the conveying belt 14 by the wind blown out by the hollow shaft 1, and then the chrysanthemum is conveyed into the storage box 12 by the conveying belt 14.

The during operation, through the height of 8 adjustment rotatory broach of high adjusting device, aim at the chrysanthemum clump with rotatory broach, rotatory broach injects chrysanthemum clump below, position broach front end is the point form is picked to the chrysanthemum, the clearance is 4mm, can guarantee that rotatory broach injects chrysanthemum clump smoothly, rotatory around the hollow shaft along with rotatory broach, the broach lifts upwards, just can pick chrysanthemum or child chrysanthemum, the broach continues to rotate the top to hollow shaft 1, when air passage on rotatory broach 2 and the hollow shaft 1 air passage coincide, the chrysanthemum under the broach was picked will be blown on conveyer belt 14 at compressed air, be collected in closed bin 12.

In conclusion, the invention provides an air-jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine and a picking method thereof, which realize the picking of chrysanthemum by using the combing and brushing effect of rotating comb teeth, and collect chrysanthemum by using low-pressure air blown out by a hollow shaft and a conveying belt with a partition plate. The chrysanthemum harvesting machine can adapt to the growth characteristics of chrysanthemum, meet the harvesting requirement of chrysanthemum, integrate picking and collection, change the current situation that chrysanthemum is still artificially harvested, reduce labor intensity, improve chrysanthemum harvesting efficiency, increase economic benefit and promote the continuous development of chrysanthemum planting industry. The jet hollow shaft rotating comb tooth chrysanthemum picking machine realizes chrysanthemum picking by using the combing and brushing effect of the rotating comb teeth, and collects chrysanthemum by using low-pressure air blown out from the hollow shaft and a conveying belt with a partition plate.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For example, the embodiment only shows three rows of comb picking heads, in order to improve efficiency, picking heads with multiple rows of comb teeth or multiple segments of multiple rows of comb teeth can be adopted as required, for example, fig. 9, fig. 10, and fig. 11 show picking heads with 4 rows, 5 rows, and 6 rows of comb teeth respectively; for another example, in order to automatically adjust the height of the picking head, the height adjusting device in this embodiment may also adopt a hydraulic cylinder system or manually adjust the height through a lead screw; for another example, in the present embodiment, a direct-drive scheme of a planetary gear reduction outer rotor brushless motor is provided, and in practical applications, schemes such as gear transmission shown in fig. 12 and synchronous belt (or sprocket) transmission shown in fig. 13 may also be adopted to drive the hollow shaft rotating comb picking head, and even a hydraulic pump or an internal combustion engine is used to drive the hollow shaft rotating comb picking head. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Rotatory chrysanthemum picking machine of jet hollow shaft which characterized in that: comprises a chassis (13), a blower (9), a picking head and a conveying mechanism, wherein a storage box (12) is arranged on the chassis (13), the conveying mechanism is arranged between the storage box (12) and the picking head, the picking head comprises a hollow shaft (2), a rotary picking mechanism and a driving mechanism, the end part of the hollow shaft (2) is connected with a conveying pipe (10), the hollow shaft (2) is communicated with an air blower (9) through the conveying pipe (10), the upper half part of the hollow shaft (2) is provided with a first window, the rotary picking mechanism (1) comprises a rotary sleeve (1-1) and a picking mechanism arranged on the rotary sleeve (1-1), the rotating sleeve (1-1) is rotatably sleeved outside the hollow shaft (2) under the driving of the driving mechanism, and a second window is arranged on the rotating sleeve (1-1).

2. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: when a first window on the hollow shaft (2) and a second window on the rotating sleeve (1-1) are staggered, the hollow shaft (2) and the rotating sleeve (1-1) jointly form a closed sleeve; when the first window on the hollow shaft (2) and the second window on the rotary sleeve (1-1) are overlapped, the chrysanthemum collecting channel is opened, and chrysanthemum is blown to the conveying mechanism by the compressed air of the blower (9) and then is collected in the storage box (12).

3. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: conveying mechanism includes driven conveying belt wheel (15), initiative conveying belt wheel (17), and driven conveying belt wheel (15) and initiative conveying belt wheel (17) overcoat are equipped with conveyer belt (14) of taking the baffle, rotatory sleeve (1-1) and initiative conveying belt wheel (17) overcoat are equipped with hold-in range (18), thereby actuating mechanism drive rotatory sleeve (1-1) is rotatory picks the chrysanthemum, simultaneously thereby actuating mechanism transports the chrysanthemum to in storage box (12) through conveyer belt (14) motion of hold-in range (18) driving belt baffle.

4. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: the radial span of the first window is 60 degrees, one end of the first window deviates from the vertical middle axis of the hollow shaft (2) to form an included angle of 10 degrees, and the opening radian of the first window is larger than or equal to that of the second window.

5. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: the driving mechanism is an outer rotor motor driving mechanism, or a gear transmission driving mechanism, or a synchronous belt transmission driving mechanism.

6. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: the picking mechanism is a plurality of comb tooth rows fixed on the rotary sleeve (1-1) along the circumferential direction, the extending direction of the comb tooth rows is the same as that of the hollow shaft (2), each comb tooth row comprises a plurality of comb teeth, the interval between every two comb teeth is 4mm, the turning radius of the comb tooth rows is 400mm, one ends of the comb teeth are fixed on the rotary sleeve (1-1), the other ends of the comb teeth are provided with cutting edges, and the end parts of the comb teeth bend towards one side of the working face.

7. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picking machine according to claim 6, wherein: the broach is fixed in the one end of second window, the horizontal span of second window is 40mm, forms the chrysanthemum export.

8. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: the hollow shaft (2) is internally provided with a middle partition plate which divides the hollow shaft (2) into a left cavity channel and a right cavity channel, the conveying pipe (10) comprises a left conveying pipe and a right conveying pipe, the air blower (9) comprises a left air blower and a right air blower, the left cavity channel is communicated to the left air blower through the left conveying pipe, and the right cavity channel is communicated to the right air blower through the right conveying pipe.

9. The jet hollow shaft rotary chrysanthemum picker according to claim 1, wherein: the picking machine is characterized by further comprising a height adjusting device (8), wherein the height adjusting device (8) comprises an adjusting frame (6) and a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the adjusting frame (6) is hinged to a supporting rod on the chassis (13), the other end of the adjusting frame is connected with the picking head, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the chassis (13), and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the adjusting frame (6).

10. The picking method of the jet hollow shaft rotating chrysanthemum picking machine is characterized in that:

when the chrysanthemum collecting device works, the rotary picking mechanism is inserted below a chrysanthemum cluster, the rotary picking mechanism rotates around the hollow shaft (2) along with the rotary sleeve (1-1), the picking mechanism on the rotary sleeve (1-1) picks off chrysanthemum or chrysanthemum buds, the rotary sleeve (1-1) continues to rotate, when a first window on the hollow shaft (2) and a second window on the rotary sleeve (1-1) coincide, a chrysanthemum collecting channel is opened, and the chrysanthemum is blown onto the conveying mechanism by compressed air of the air blower (9) and then collected into the storage box (12).