CN111491971B - 阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫 - Google Patents
阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111491971B CN111491971B CN201880081207.2A CN201880081207A CN111491971B CN 111491971 B CN111491971 B CN 111491971B CN 201880081207 A CN201880081207 A CN 201880081207A CN 111491971 B CN111491971 B CN 111491971B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- polyisocyanurate foam
- polyol
- mass
- polyisocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010097 foam moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013038 hand mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\C(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKLLNYWECKEQIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound C1NCNCN1 LKLLNYWECKEQIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVJXXQSXKSRPIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 IVJXXQSXKSRPIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYYDNXCYDWWSPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)CC1CO1 CYYDNXCYDWWSPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)C GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLOIPULGLDNWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylhexanoate;triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O FLOIPULGLDNWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SVNWKKJQEFIURY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)CN1C=CN=C1C SVNWKKJQEFIURY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOURXYYHORRGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri(3-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCl)OCCCCl WOURXYYHORRGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011489 building insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical class OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4202—Two or more polyesters of different physical or chemical nature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/14—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/161—Catalysts containing two or more components to be covered by at least two of the groups C08G18/166, C08G18/18 or C08G18/22
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Abstract
本发明的一个目的是提供具有优异的阻燃性的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫和包含其的绝热体和建筑材料。本发明的一个目的是提供具有优异的阻燃性的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫和包含其的绝热体和建筑材料。一种阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其通过固化包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)、发泡剂(D)、多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F)的混合物制得,其中催化剂(C)包含三聚催化剂;基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,发泡剂(D)中的水含量为小于0.2质量份;阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,并且在通过激光衍射法测量时,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40μm;基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份;和多异氰酸酯(E)中的异氰酸酯基团与多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)和发泡剂(D)中所含的总活性氢基团的当量比(NCO/OH比)为大于2.0。
Description
本发明涉及具有优异的阻燃性的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫和包含其的绝热体(heatinsulator)和建筑材料。
包括硬质聚氨酯泡沫的绝热体和建筑材料用于公共建筑(如公寓、住宅以及各种设施如学校和商业建筑)中的节能措施。这种硬质聚氨酯泡沫在内部具有小的泡孔(空间),并且具有低热导率的气体截留在其中,使得该泡沫具有抑制热传导的作用。此外,由于硬质聚氨酯泡沫用作建筑绝热体和建筑材料,因此需要其是阻燃的,并且近来已经开发了使得硬质聚氨酯泡沫具有阻燃性的技术。例如,作为此类技术,其中通过三聚反应形成聚异氰脲酸酯的方法和其中添加阻燃剂的方法是已知的。已知的是,在其中形成聚异氰脲酸酯的方法中,通过异氰酸酯基团的三聚反应形成异氰脲酸酯环,由此与硬质聚氨酯泡沫相比表现出优异的阻燃性(例如JP-2009-215511-A)。已知的是,在其中添加阻燃剂的方法中,使用基于卤素的阻燃剂、基于磷的阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、基于氮的阻燃剂和基于硅酮的阻燃剂(例如JP-2005-307144-A、JP-H06-279563-A)。此外,已知的是,这些阻燃剂即使单独使用也表现出阻燃效果,并且基于红磷的阻燃剂与氢氧化铝的组合或基于红磷的阻燃剂与无机填料的组合表现出对阻燃性的协同作用(例如JP-6200435-B2和JP-6134421-B2;Report ofNational Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, No. 81 (1996年3月), 第7-20页: “Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics of Red Phosphorus-containingFire-Retardant Materials by means of Cone Calorimetry”)。
同时,当其超过一定温度时,氢氧化铝发生吸热的脱水反应,由此可以通过这种吸热作用和由来自脱水反应的水的汽化热导致的进一步的吸热作用来抑制燃烧热。此外,已知的是,随着氢氧化铝的粒径越小(比表面积越大),氢氧化铝的分解反应越加速,由此表现出更高的阻燃效果(Journal of the Society of Rubber Science and Technology,Japan, 第75卷, 第8期 (2002), 第36-38页: “Technical Trend of Aluminumhydroxide”)。
本发明的一个目的是提供具有优异的阻燃性的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫和包含其的绝热体和建筑材料。
根据本发明,提供了以下发明。
(1)阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其通过固化原材料混合物制得,所述原材料混合物包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、包含三聚催化剂的催化剂(C)、发泡剂(D)、多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F),其中
催化剂(C)包含三聚催化剂;
基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,发泡剂(D)中的水含量为小于0.2质量份;
阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,并且在通过激光衍射法测量时,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40 μm;
基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份;和
多异氰酸酯(E)中的异氰酸酯基团与多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)和发泡剂(D)中所含的总活性氢基团的当量比(NCO/OH比)为大于2.0。
(2)根据(1)所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中基于红磷的阻燃剂与氢氧化铝的质量比为1:1至1:4。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中多元醇(A)包含具有2至3的官能数和100至400 mg KOH/g的羟值的聚酯多元醇。
(4)根据(1)至(3)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中多元醇(A)包含具有8至30质量%的芳族环含量的聚酯多元醇。
(5)根据(1)至(4)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中多异氰酸酯(E)包含芳族多异氰酸酯和改性芳族多异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
(6)根据(1)至(5)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中发泡剂(D)是选自氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃、水和烃中的至少一种。
(7)根据(1)至(6)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中发泡剂(D)是反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
(8)根据(1)至(7)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中芯密度(coredensity)为30至80 kg/m3。
(9)根据(1)至(8)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中通过基于ISO5660的不燃性试验测量时,总热释放量为不大于8 MJ/m2。
(10)绝热体,包含根据(1)至(9)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
(11)建筑材料,包含根据(1)至(9)任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
发明效果
根据本发明,通过使用基于红磷的阻燃剂与具有特定体积平均直径的氢氧化铝的组合作为阻燃剂,可以提供具有优异的阻燃性的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。此外,通过本发明获得的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可以是重量轻的,并可以具有高阻燃性,以使其可以有利地用于建筑绝热体和建筑材料的应用。
在下文中将具体描述本发明。
<阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫>
根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的特征在于,其通过固化原材料混合物制得,所述原材料混合物包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)、发泡剂(D)、多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F),其中催化剂(C)包含三聚催化剂;基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,发泡剂(D)中的水含量为小于0.2质量份;阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,并且在通过激光衍射法测量时,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40 μm;并且基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份。常规已知的是,当氢氧化铝用作阻燃剂时,随着氢氧化铝的粒径越小,氢氧化铝的分解反应越加速,由此表现出更高的阻燃性,因此,这是一个令人惊讶的事实:如本发明这样,当氢氧化铝具有不小于40 μm的相对大的粒径时表现出高阻燃性。
在根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中,从节约重量的观点出发,可以提高或降低原材料组分的量以适当地调节密度和芯密度。根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的密度优选为30至80 kg/m3、更优选35至75 kg/m3。
此外,根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可以表现出优异的阻燃性。在本发明中,“优异的阻燃性”是指通过ISO5660的热释放速率试验(锥形量热仪法)测得的总热释放量不大于8 MJ/m2。
注意,根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的密度、芯密度、总热释放量等等的各种特征的测量方法基于下面的实施例中描述的方法。
在下文中,将进一步具体描述根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的各种原材料组分。
<多元醇(A)>
作为根据本发明的多元醇(A),可以使用已知的聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚合物多元醇、含卤素和/或磷的多元醇、基于酚的多元醇、乙二醇、甘油、胺交联剂等等,其具有活性氢以便与多异氰酸酯(E)反应。
聚醚多元醇的实例包括多羟基醇,如二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇和蔗糖;脂族胺化合物,如乙胺、三乙醇胺、乙二胺和二亚乙基三胺;以及通过将环氧烷烃加成到甲苯二胺(TDA)和二苯甲烷二胺(MDA)的一种或混合物上获得的聚醚多元醇。
聚酯多元醇的实例包括通过二羧酸或羧酸酐与多羟基醇或ε-己内酯的开环聚合反应获得的聚酯多元醇。聚酯多元醇的芳族环含量优选为8至30质量%。当聚酯多元醇的芳族环含量在上述范围内时,可以高水平地获得阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的阻燃性和可成型性。在本发明中,芳族环含量是指基于合成聚酯多元醇所用原材料的总质量计,各原材料中所含苯环的质量百分比(%)。
聚合物多元醇的实例包括通过使用自由基聚合催化剂使上述聚醚多元醇与烯属不饱和单体(如丙烯腈和苯乙烯)反应获得的聚合物多元醇。
含卤素多元醇的实例包括通过表氯醇与三氯环氧丁烷的开环聚合反应获得的那些,以及通过将环氧烷烃加成到卤代多羟基醇上获得的那些。
含磷多元醇的实例包括通过将环氧烷烃加成到磷酸、亚磷酸或有机磷酸上获得的那些,以及通过将环氧烷烃加成到多羟丙基氧化膦上获得的那些。
基于酚的多元醇的实例包括通过使由苯酚和***制得的酚醛清漆树脂或甲阶酚醛树脂与环氧烷烃反应获得的那些,以及通过使苯酚与链烷醇胺和***环氧烷烃反应获得的曼尼希碱多元醇。
在本发明中,可以单独使用一种类型的多元醇(A),或可以组合使用两种类型或更多种类型的多元醇(A)。一种或多种多元醇(A)优选具有100至900 mg KOH/g、更优选150至800 mg KOH/g的平均羟值,以及2至8、更优选2至6的平均官能度。
在本发明中,阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物中多元醇(A)的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为10至50质量份、优选15至50质量份、更优选20至50质量份。
<表面活性剂(B)>
作为根据本发明的表面活性剂(B),可以使用基于硅酮的表面活性剂和基于含氟化合物的表面活性剂。在本发明中,可以单独使用一种类型的表面活性剂(B),或可以组合使用两种类型或更多种类型的表面活性剂(B)。阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的原材料混合物中表面活性剂(B)的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为0.1至5质量份、优选0.5至4.5质量份、更优选1.0至4.0质量份。
<催化剂(C)>
作为根据本发明的催化剂(C),使用包含三聚催化剂的催化剂以便促进形成具有抗热性的异氰脲酸酯环。
三聚催化剂的实例包括芳族化合物,如三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、2,4-双(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚和2,4,6-三(二烷基氨基烷基)六氢-S-三嗪;羧酸碱金属盐,如乙酸钾、2-乙基己酸钾、辛酸钾(potassium octanoate)和辛酸钾(potassium octoate);以及羧酸的季铵盐,如2-乙基己酸三乙基甲基铵。在本发明中,可以单独使用一种类型的三聚催化剂,或可以组合使用两种类型或更多种类型的三聚催化剂。
除了三聚催化剂之外,根据本发明的催化剂(C)可以含有一种类型或两种或更多种类型的氨基甲酸酯化催化剂。氨基甲酸酯化催化剂的实例包括叔胺,如三乙胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,3-丙二胺、N,N,N',N'',N''-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N',N'',N''',N'''-六甲基三亚乙基四胺、双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N,N'-三甲基氨基乙基乙醇胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基己二胺、三亚乙基二胺和1-异丁基-2-甲基咪唑;叔胺的有机酸盐;以及金属基催化剂,如二月桂酸二丁基锡和叔胺的辛酸亚锡。
上述三聚催化剂和氨基甲酸酯化催化剂可以分别作为与溶剂的混合物使用。该溶剂不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择。溶剂的实例包括二醇,如二丙二醇和二乙二醇。
在本发明中,催化剂(C)中三聚催化剂的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为0.1至5质量份、优选0.5至2.0质量份、更优选1.0至1.5质量份。
阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的上述混合物中催化剂(C)的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为0.1至5质量份、优选0.5至4.5质量份、更优选1.0至4.0质量份。
<发泡剂(D)>
作为根据本发明的发泡剂(D),可以使用水和各种已知的发泡剂。
作为除水以外的发泡剂,可以使用已知的发泡剂,优选使用既不消耗多异氰酸酯也不产生反应热的此类发泡剂。此类发泡剂的实例包括氯氟烃(CFC)、氢氯氟烃(HCFC)、氢氟烃(HFC)、氢氟烯烃(HFO)、正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷、己烷、碳酸胺、甲酸和液体二氧化碳。从全球环境影响的观点来看,在上述除水以外的发泡剂中,优选使用氢氟烯烃(HFO)和烃化合物,如正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷和己烷。氢氟烯烃的尤其优选的实例包括HFO-1233zd(1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯)和HFO-1336mzz(1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯)。
在本发明中,可以单独使用一种类型的发泡剂(D),或可以组合使用两种类型或更多种类型的发泡剂(D),但优选仅使用HFO-1233zd。
在本发明中,除水以外的发泡剂的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为5至40质量份、优选5至30质量份、更优选5至16质量份。
当水用作发泡剂时,水与多异氰酸酯反应形成脲,使得阻燃性降低。因此,在本发明中,当水用作发泡剂时,优选通过使用水与上述除水以外的发泡剂(尤其是含氟烃)的组合来降低水含量,由此抑制由于生成脲造成的阻燃性降低。具体而言,在本发明中,当水用作发泡剂(D)时,基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,作为发泡剂(D)的水的含量为小于0.2质量份。更具体而言,发泡剂(D)中水的含量范围优选为0至0.16质量份、更优选0至0.12质量份、尤其优选0至0.1质量份。
<多异氰酸酯(E)>
作为根据本发明的多异氰酸酯(E),可以使用已知的多异氰酸酯。具体实例包括芳族多异氰酸酯,如甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4'-或2,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和多亚苯基多异氰酸酯(聚合MDI),或其氨基甲酸酯改性的预聚物;和改性多异氰酸酯(优选碳二亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯)。
在本发明中,多异氰酸酯(E)中的异氰酸酯基团与多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)和发泡剂(D)中所含的总活性氢基团的当量比(NCO/OH比)为大于2.0。具体而言,NCO/OH比的范围优选为大于2.0至不大于7.0、更优选大于2.0至不大于5.0。当NCO/OH比在大于2.0至不大于7.0的范围内时,三聚反应可以充分进行以获得具有高阻燃性的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
在本发明中,可以单独使用一种类型的多异氰酸酯(E),或可以组合使用两种类型或更多种类型的多异氰酸酯(E),但优选仅使用芳族多异氰酸酯,且尤其优选仅使用聚合MDI。
在本发明中,多异氰酸酯(E)的含量不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以适当地选择,并且例如基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计为50至80质量份、优选52至78质量份、更优选55至75质量份。
<阻燃剂(F)>
根据本发明的阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,在通过激光衍射法测量时,所述氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40 μm。在本发明中,基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份、优选9至35质量份、更优选10至32质量份。当基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量在该范围内时,可以实现聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的高阻燃性。
在本发明中,优选的是基于红磷的阻燃剂与氢氧化铝的质量比为1:1至1:4。当基于红磷的阻燃剂与氢氧化铝的质量比在该范围内时,显著提高了聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的阻燃性。
在本发明中,基于红磷的阻燃剂不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以从各种市售产品中选择以使用。市售产品的实例包括由Rin Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd制造的Nova Red 120、120UF和120UFA以及Nova Excel 140和140F。
在本发明中,氢氧化铝不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并可以从通过激光衍射法测量时其体积平均直径不小于40 μm的各种市售产品中选择以使用。在本发明中,通过激光衍射法测量时的体积平均直径是指使用Nikkiso Co., Ltd.制造的Microtrac激光衍射散射型粒度分析仪MT3300EX-II测得的体积平均直径。通过激光衍射法测量时其体积平均直径不小于40 μm的氢氧化铝的市售产品的实例包括由Sumitomo Chemical Co.,Ltd.制造的C-31和由Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd.制造的SB93。
在本发明中,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径的下限为40 μm、优选45 μm、更优选50 μm、再更优选55 μm。此外,在本发明中,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径的上限不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,并优选为250 μm、更优选200 μm、再更优选150 μm。
作为根据本发明的阻燃剂(F),除了基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝以外,可以使用液体阻燃剂(例如磷酸三(氯丙酯))、金属氧化物(例如氧化铁、氧化钛和氧化铈)、溴基化合物(例如溴代二苯醚、溴代二苯基烷烃和溴代邻苯二甲酰亚胺)、磷基化合物(例如磷酸酯、磷酸酯盐、酰胺磷酸酯和有机膦氧化物)和氮基化合物(例如聚磷酸铵、磷腈、三嗪和三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯)。
在本发明中,除了上述原材料组分(A)至(F)之外,可以任选使用助剂。此类助剂的实例包括乳化剂、稳定剂、填料、着色剂和抗氧化剂。这些助剂的类型和含量可以在常规使用范围内适当地选择。
<制备阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法>
根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫不受特别限制,除非损害本发明的效果,但优选通过将包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)和发泡剂(D)的含多元醇组合物与多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F)混合并搅拌,随后固化所得的原材料混合物来制备。因此,根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供了制备阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,包括:将包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)和发泡剂(D)的含多元醇组合物与多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F)混合并搅拌以获得阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物;和固化原材料混合物,其中催化剂(C)包含三聚催化剂;基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,发泡剂(D)中的水含量为小于0.2质量份;阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,并且在通过激光衍射法测量时,氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40 μm;并且基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份。
在根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的制备中,可以通过使用已知的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫成型机混合和搅拌相应的组分,随后在成型机中发泡和固化所得的原材料混合物来制备阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。此类成型机的实例包括高压聚氨酯成型机和低压聚氨酯成型机,如由Cannon, Hennecke或Polyurethane Engineering Co., Ltd.制造的反应注射成型机。
在本发明中,从有效生产阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的观点来看,原材料组分(A)至(F)等等的百分比可以适当地改变以适当地调节原材料混合物的乳白时间和凝胶时间。本文中所用的乳白时间是指从开始混合原材料组分(A)至(F)到原材料混合物开始发泡的时间。此外,凝胶时间是指从开始混合原材料组分(A)至(F)到用棒状固体接触原材料混合物时原材料混合物液体开始拉丝时的时间。在本发明中,测量乳白时间和凝胶时间的方法基于下面的实施例中描述的方法。
在根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的原材料混合物中,乳白时间优选为2至20秒、更优选4至15秒。此外,在根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的原材料混合物中,凝胶时间优选为20至200秒、更优选30至150秒。
<阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的应用>
根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有优异的阻燃性,由此其可应用于需要阻燃性的各种用途。特别地,根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可以有利地用作建筑材料和绝热体,其可用于公共建筑,如公寓、住宅、各种设施如学校和商业建筑、工厂管道***、以及汽车和铁路车辆。因此,根据优选实施方案,提供了包含根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的绝热体。此外,根据另一优选实施方案,提供了包含根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的建筑材料。
实施例
在下文中,将参照实施例具体描述本发明,但是本发明不限于下面的实施例。要注意的是,在实施例中,除非另行说明,否则“份”是指“质量份”且“%”是指“质量%”。
除非另行说明,否则采用以下测量方法:
根据EN ISO 11909 (2007)测量异氰酸酯基团含量
根据ISO 845 (2006)测量密度
根据ASTM D4878-15测量粘度
根据ASTM E222-17测量羟值。
<制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫>
在下表1中显示了用于制备实施例和对比例的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料。使用由Nikkiso Co., Ltd.制造的Microtrac激光衍射散射型粒度分析仪MT3300EX-II测量原材料的体积平均直径(激光衍射遵循ISO 13320,粒度分析结果的表示遵循ISO 9276-1)。
对于各个实施例和对比例,基于表2a-2c中显示的组成提供各组分,并将包含多元醇、表面活性剂、催化剂和发泡剂的含多元醇组合物与多异氰酸酯和阻燃剂混合并搅拌以获得原材料混合物。随后,将已经调节至20±1˚C的200至250克的各原材料混合物倒入20至25˚C的温度下的聚乙烯杯中,并以5000 rpm的搅拌速度通过手工混合来混合并搅拌3秒。然后将各个所得搅拌混合物转移到木盒(200×150×150 mm)中,发泡并固化以获得各个实施例和对比例的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。此时,基于以下程序分别测量各个聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的反应性(乳白时间和凝胶时间)和自由密度。
<测量聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的反应性和自由密度>
反应性(乳白时间和凝胶时间)
测量实施例和对比例各自的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物的通过手工混合的反应性(乳白时间(CT)和凝胶时间(GT))作为反应性的评价。具体而言,各聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物开始通过手工混合(所用均质混合装置:T. K. Robomix F Model,由Primix Corporation制造;搅拌叶片:直径50 mm,锯片;转数×时间:5,000 rpm × 3秒)来混合时的时间被定义为0秒,从开始变色到开始发泡的时间被定义为CT,从开始变色时的时间到当用一次性筷子戳刺聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫并从泡沫中拉出筷子时各个所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫开始拉丝时的时间被定义为GT。目测相应的时间(十个经过训练的小组的平均值)。在CT和GT的测量中,各聚异氰脲酸酯的原材料混合物的量为250克,温度为20˚C,且各聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物置于其中的聚乙烯杯的容积为500毫升。各聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的原材料混合物的CT和GT的相应结果显示在表2中。
自由密度
使用卡尺从各实施例和对比例的所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的芯部中切出两个50 ×50 × 50 mm的立方体,测量各立方体的质量,并基于质量和体积计算各聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的密度,两个立方体的平均值视为本发明中的自由密度。结果显示在表2中。
<制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品>
对于各实施例和对比例,基于表2中显示的组合物,将包含多元醇、表面活性剂、催化剂和发泡剂的组合物与多异氰酸酯和阻燃剂混合并搅拌,由此以与上述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的制备相同的方式获得搅拌混合物,除了聚异氰脲酸酯的原材料混合物的温度为20˚C。随后,将各个所得搅拌混合物转移到已经调节至50±2℃的铝面板模具(400 × 300 × 50mm)中,发泡并固化以制备各实施例和对比例的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品(脱模时间:6分钟)。基于以下程序分别测量各个所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的密度、芯密度和阻燃性(总热释放量)。
密度
基于以下算式来测量各实施例和对比例的所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的密度。结果显示在表2中。
[数学公式1]
密度 = 脱模后聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的质量 ÷ 模具体积。
芯密度
使用卡尺从各实施例和对比例的所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的芯部中切出两个50 × 50 × 50 mm的立方体,测量各立方体的质量,并基于质量和体积计算各聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的密度,两个立方体的平均值视为本发明中的芯密度。结果显示在表2中。
阻燃性(总热释放量)
基于ISO5660使用以下装置和条件测量各实施例和对比例的所得聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫模制品的阻燃性(总热释放量)。
装置:锥形量热仪C4,由Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.制造
条件:
热通量:50 kW/m2
样品位置:60 mm(从锥形加热器到样品表面的距离)
加热时间:20分钟
样品尺寸:100 × 100 × 25 mm(从芯部切出)
面板老化时间:3天(在成型后)
样品老化时间:1天(在切出后)。
当所测得的总热释放量不大于8 MJ/m2时,将其评价为“承认显著的阻燃性”(阻燃性:○),并且,当总热释放量超过8 MJ/m2时,将其评价为“不承认显著的阻燃性”(阻燃性:×)。结果显示在表3a-3c中。
表3a-3c中显示的结果表明,在实施例1至15(Ex.1-Ex.15)中基于ISO5660测得的总释放热量均不大于标准值(8 MJ/m2),因此所述样品具有显著的阻燃性。
另一方面,表3a中显示的结果表明,在既不含基于红磷的阻燃剂也不含氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂的对比例1(C.E.1)中基于ISO5660测得的总释放热量是远大于标准值(8 MJ/m2)的结果(24.7 MJ/m2),因此不承认显著的阻燃性。
在仅含有基于红磷的阻燃剂或氢氧化铝之一作为阻燃剂的对比例2和3中,任何总释放热量均大于标准值,因此不承认显著的阻燃性。
在其中含有基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂,但氢氧化铝的体积平均直径小于40 μm的对比例4至7中,任何总释放热量均大于标准值,因此不承认显著的阻燃性。要注意的是,在实施例1和2中,除了使用体积平均直径不小于40 μm的氢氧化铝之外,基于与对比例4至7相同的组合物制备泡沫,并且任何总释放热量均不大于标准值,由此表明它们具有显著的阻燃性。考虑到常规已知的是,在使用氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂时,随着氢氧化铝的粒径越小,氢氧化铝的分解反应越加速,由此表现出越高的阻燃效果,这是预料不到的结果:在其中使用粒径更大的氢氧化铝的实施例1和2中,表现出更显著的阻燃性。
在其中含有基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂,但基于100质量份的多元醇和多异氰酸酯的总量计,在对比例8中基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的总含量小于6质量份(5.2质量份)且在对比例9中大于36质量份(36.3质量份)的对比例8和9中,任何总释放热量均大于标准值,因此不承认显著的阻燃性。据认为,在对比例8中,由于基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的绝对量小而无法获得足够的阻燃性。此外,据认为,在对比例9中,由于基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝的含量大而导致多元醇和异氰酸酯的粘度增加,使得原材料混合物的混合和搅拌不充分,由此阻碍了形成表现出阻燃性的异氰脲酸酯结构的三聚反应,从而无法获得足够的阻燃性。
在其中含有水作为发泡剂,并且基于100质量份的多元醇和多异氰酸酯的总量计,水含量为不小于0.2质量份(0.2质量份)的对比例10中,总释放热量大于标准值,因此不承认显著的阻燃性。另一方面,在其中作为发泡剂的水的含量为0.1质量份的实施例12中,总释放热量不大于标准值,因此表明其具有显著的阻燃性。据认为,其原因是水与异氰酸酯的反应增加了阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中的脲,并且当水含量大时,降低了阻燃性。
在其中多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团与多元醇、表面活性剂、催化剂和发泡剂(D)中所含的总活性氢基团的当量比(NCO/OH比)不大于2.0的对比例11中,总释放热量大于标准值,因此不承认显著的阻燃性。另一方面,在其中该当量比大于2.0的实施例1至15中,总热释放量不大于标准值,因此表明它们具有显著的阻燃性。据认为,其原因是通过三聚催化剂的三聚反应充分进行,由此增加了聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中有利于抗热性的异氰脲酸酯结构,从而提高了阻燃性。
工业实用性
根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有优异的阻燃性,因此其可以在需要阻燃性的各种用途中用作建筑材料和绝热体。特别地,根据本发明的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可以用作公共建筑如公寓、住宅以及各种设施如学校和商业建筑中的绝热体和建筑材料,以及需要阻燃性的工厂管道***及汽车和铁路车辆中的绝热体。
Claims (11)
1.阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其通过固化包含多元醇(A)、表面活性剂(B)、催化剂(C)、发泡剂(D)、多异氰酸酯(E)和阻燃剂(F)的原材料混合物制得,
其中:
所述催化剂(C)包含三聚催化剂;
基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,所述发泡剂(D)中的水含量为小于0.2质量份;
所述阻燃剂(F)包含基于红磷的阻燃剂和氢氧化铝,并且在通过激光衍射法测量时,所述氢氧化铝的体积平均直径为不小于40 μm;
基于100质量份的多元醇(A)和多异氰酸酯(E)的总量计,所述基于红磷的阻燃剂和所述氢氧化铝的总含量为6至36质量份;和
所述多异氰酸酯(E)中的异氰酸酯基团与所述多元醇(A)、所述表面活性剂(B)、所述催化剂(C)和所述发泡剂(D)中所含的总活性氢基团的当量比(NCO/OH比)为大于2.0。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述基于红磷的阻燃剂与所述氢氧化铝的质量比为1:1至1:4。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述多元醇(A)包含具有2至3的官能数和100至400 mg KOH/g的羟值的聚酯多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述多元醇(A)包含具有8质量%至30质量%的芳族环含量的聚酯多元醇。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述多异氰酸酯(E)包含芳族多异氰酸酯和改性芳族多异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述发泡剂(D)是选自氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃、水和烃中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中所述发泡剂(D)是反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中芯密度为30至80 kg/m3。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其中在通过基于ISO5660,加热时间为20分钟和热通量为50 kW/m2的不燃性试验测量时,总热释放量为不大于8 MJ/m2。
10.绝热体,包含根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
11.建筑材料,包含根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
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CN104903370A (zh) * | 2013-01-20 | 2015-09-09 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 阻燃性聚氨酯树脂组合物 |
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JPS6069485A (ja) | 1983-09-26 | 1985-04-20 | 株式会社クボタ | 溶湯スラグ除去装置 |
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JP4839582B2 (ja) | 2003-06-30 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 硬質ポリウレタンフォーム |
DE102005041763A1 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Basf Ag | Polyisocyanurat Hartschaum und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
JP5269445B2 (ja) | 2008-03-13 | 2013-08-21 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 硬質ポリイソシアヌレートフォームの製造方法 |
TW201542682A (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-11-16 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | 用以現場形成難燃性聚胺酯發泡體之現場發泡系統 |
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JP6685108B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-09 | 2020-04-22 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | 耐火性物品およびその製造方法 |
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JP2013103957A (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-30 | Kawasaki Kasei Chem Ltd | ポリエステルポリオール及び硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 |
JP2014125516A (ja) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-07 | Kao Corp | 硬質ポリウレタンフォーム製造用ポリオール混合物 |
CN104903370A (zh) * | 2013-01-20 | 2015-09-09 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 阻燃性聚氨酯树脂组合物 |
CN103755915A (zh) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-30 | 南京红宝丽股份有限公司 | 一种聚异氰脲酸酯阻燃泡沫体 |
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JP2019108514A (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
EP3728366A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
WO2019121359A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CN111491971A (zh) | 2020-08-04 |
US20200377644A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
JP6768631B2 (ja) | 2020-10-14 |
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