CN111455222A - FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soft magnetic alloys, and particularly relates to a FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance. The alloy is based on FeCoVZr alloy, the processing performance and the mechanical performance of the alloy are adjusted by adding element Nb, and the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 47.5 to 50.5 percent of Co, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than 0.05 percent of C, less than 0.02 percent of P, less than 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe. The alloy has excellent mechanical properties under the condition of keeping high saturation magnetic induction intensity, and is an ideal material for manufacturing a high-power-density aviation motor rotor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron-based alloys, in particular to a FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to reduce the size and weight of the aviation starting/generating system and output larger electric power, the rotating speed of the starting/generating set needs to be increased, and the working environment temperature of the electric machine is high because the starting/generating set is connected with a high-pressure rotor of a turbofan jet engine and is close to a combustion chamber of the engine. In addition to the improvement of the thermal design of the starter/generator, increased demands are also placed on the magnetic material and armature conductors of the electrical machine: the bearing temperature is required to be 400-500 ℃, the working rotating speed and the temperature are improved, and higher requirements are provided for the strength, the toughness and the high temperature resistance of the rotor material. At present, silicon steel sheets with high magnetic permeability are mostly adopted as common rotor magnetic materials. Under the high temperature of 400-500 ℃, the silicon steel sheet can be rapidly demagnetized, and the rotor runs at high speed under the high temperature, so that the mechanical stress capability of the silicon steel sheet of the motor rotor material can be greatly weakened, which seriously restricts the development of high-temperature high-power density starting/power generators. Therefore, high temperature and high speed operation requires a motor having a rotor with a high density Bs, a high yield strength and a high temperature creep strength at high temperature. The equal atomic ratio FeCo alloy is the most important application material and research object which can be obtained at present. The Bs can reach the maximum value of 2.4T, the Curie temperature can reach 980 ℃, and the alloy has an irreplaceable application position on aviation power generation system components. The alloy processability can be improved by adding element V, Zr, but domestic FeCo soft magnetic alloy is mainly 1J22 and 1J21 at present, the mechanical properties are about 480MPa of tensile strength and 340MPa of yield strength, and the mechanical property is very poor at high temperature and is only about 200 MPa. For the next generation of ultrahigh rotating speed aviation motor above 60000rpm, the motor needs to bear the strength above 600MPa at the working temperature of 500 ℃, and the current domestic FeCo material can not meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance, which is characterized in that Nb is added on the basis of an equal atomic ratio FeCoVZr alloy, so that the high-temperature mechanical performance of the alloy is improved on the premise of keeping the high saturation magnetic induction intensity of the alloy, and the problem that the application of the soft magnetic alloy in a high-power aviation motor rotor material is limited by the mechanical performance of the aviation motor rotor material can be effectively solved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high temperature properties.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance is prepared by adding Nb on the basis of the FeCoVZr alloy, wherein the obtained soft magnetic alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 47.5 to 50.5 percent of Co, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than 0.05 percent of C, less than 0.02 percent of P, less than 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
After vacuum heat treatment, the alloy can form a precipitated phase distributed in a crystal boundary and crystal grains, the size of the precipitated phase on the crystal boundary is larger than that of the precipitated phase on other positions, the precipitated phase is NbFe and NbCo phases without V elements, and the size of the precipitated phase is 100-300 nm of the crystal grains.
The alloy has the following combination of magnetic and mechanical properties: at room temperature, the magnetic property saturation magnetic induction density Bs is 2.17-2.27T, and the mechanical property tensile strength Rm is 590-827 MPa; at a high temperature of 500 ℃, the saturation magnetic induction density Bs of magnetic properties is 2.09-2.13T, and the tensile strength Rm of mechanical properties is more than or equal to 622-623 MPa.
Preferably, Nb is 0.2-0.4%.
The alloy is prepared by the process steps of raw material preparation, alloy smelting, homogenizing annealing, thermal deformation processing, disorder treatment, cold rolling and vacuum heat treatment.
The soft magnetic alloy is used for high-power-density aviation motor rotors, the rotating speed is more than 60000rpm, the working temperature is 500 +/-50 ℃, and the working pressure is more than 600 MPa.
A preparation method of FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Preparing alloy raw materials according to the following alloy component mixture ratio: the chemical components of the alloy are represented by mass percent as Co47.5-50.5%, V1.0-2.5%, Nb 0.1-0.5%, Zr 0.05-0.15%, Si 0.01-0.1%, Mn 0.01-0.1%, C less than 0.05%, P less than 0.02%, S less than 0.02%, and the balance of Fe;
(2) alloy melting
Smelting the raw materials by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and protective atmosphere electroslag remelting duplex process, casting an electrode bar with a certain size, and remelting the electrode bar into an electroslag ingot in an argon protective atmosphere;
(3) homogenizing annealing and thermal deformation processing of electroslag ingot
Carrying out homogenization annealing on the electroslag ingot, wherein the annealing temperature is 1200 +/-100 ℃, and the annealing time is 6 +/-1 hour; then forging and milling the annealed electroslag ingot into a square billet, and then hot rolling the square billet into a hot rolled strip;
(4) disorder treatment and cold rolling of hot rolled strip
Keeping the temperature of the hot rolled strip at 880-950 ℃ for 60 +/-20 minutes, and then carrying out ice salt quenching, namely carrying out disordered quenching to change the room temperature structure into a disordered body-centered cubic structure; then cold rolling deformation is carried out, and the final deformation amount is controlled to be 30-90%;
(5) vacuum heat treatment
After the cold rolled strip is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, the final FeCo-based soft magnetic alloy is obtained, the heat treatment temperature is 850 +/-50 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 +/-1 hours, and the vacuum degree at least reaches 1 × 10-3Pa。
In the step (2), the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1.33 × 10 in the induction melting process-1Above Pa, directly putting Fe and Co into a crucible as a primary charge; v, Nb is used as secondary feeding and put into a hopper of the vacuum induction furnace, and after all raw materials are melted and cleaned, molten steel is cast into a consumable electrode rod in a vacuum chamber of the vacuum induction furnace.
In the step (2), the alloy is fully degassed, and O, N, H elements are removed.
In the step (3), the electroslag ingot is forged and milled into a square billet with the section of 180mm × 30mm, and the square billet is hot-rolled into a hot-rolled strip with the section of 180mm × 1.8.8-3.5 mm.
In the step (4), the thickness of the cold-rolled strip is 0.2-0.35 mm.
In the step (5), the strip forms a precipitated phase after vacuum heat treatment, the precipitated phase is distributed in a crystal boundary and a crystal grain, the size of the precipitated phase on the crystal boundary is larger than that of the precipitated phase on other positions, the precipitated phase is NbCo and NbFe phases without V elements, and the size of the precipitated phase is 100-300 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by adjusting the proportion of alloy elements, 0.1-0.5% of NbVZr is added into FeCoVZr alloy, the alloy with high saturation magnetic induction and high mechanical properties is obtained through subsequent thermal deformation and cold rolling processes and proper heat treatment process, a precipitated phase is formed after vacuum heat treatment and is distributed in a crystal boundary and a crystal grain, and the size of the precipitated phase on the crystal boundary is larger. The precipitated phases are NbCo and NbFe phases formed by Nb, Co and Fe, and do not contain V element. Has proper magnetic performance and mechanical performance at room temperature and high temperature of 500 ℃, and is suitable for rotor materials which need to bear high temperature of 400-500 ℃, high strength and high toughness.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.
The FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 47.5 to 50.5 percent of Co, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than 0.05 percent of C, less than 0.02 percent of P, less than 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
The functions and alloy design of the alloy elements in the invention are as follows:
v: the quenched plasticity and cold workability of the alloy are improved, but the content of V exceeding 2.5 percent can reduce the saturation magnetic induction intensity of the alloy and increase the coercive force;
nb: nb is a proper strengthening element with high melting point and large difference with the atomic radius of Fe and Co, but the larger the difference of the atomic radius is, the larger the lattice distortion is, the more obvious the deterioration degree of the alloy magnetic property is, and in order to ensure the magnetic property of the alloy, the addition amount of Mo and Nb (single or composite addition elements) must be controlled.
Zr: the alloy is added into the alloy to form a second phase compound which plays a role of solid solution strengthening.
Si and Mn in the amount of 0.1% or less;
C. p, S impurity element, the lower the C, P, S content, the better.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps: alloy smelting, homogenizing annealing, thermal deformation processing, disorder treatment, cold rolling and heat treatment.
The preparation method of high-saturation magnetic induction intensity and high mechanical property for high-temperature application comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Preparing alloy raw materials according to the following alloy component mixture ratio: the chemical components of the alloy are represented by mass percent as Co47.5-50.5%, V1.0-2.5%, Nb 0.1-0.5%, Zr 0.05-0.15%, Si 0.01-0.1%, Mn 0.01-0.1%, C less than 0.05%, P less than 0.02%, S less than 0.02%, and the balance of Fe.
(2) Alloy melting
The alloy is smelted by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and protective atmosphere electroslag remelting duplex process, so that the alloy is fully degassed, O, N, H elements are removed, and an electrode bar with a proper size is cast. And carrying out electroslag remelting on the electrode bar in an argon protective atmosphere, further desulfurizing, and purifying alloy components.
(3) Homogenizing annealing and thermal deformation processing of electroslag ingot
Carrying out homogenizing annealing on the electroslag ingot at 1200 ℃ for × 6 hours to ensure the homogenizing distribution of alloy elements and eliminate the microsegregation of the electroslag ingot as much as possible, forging and milling the electroslag ingot into a square billet of 180 × 30 ×L after the homogenizing annealing, and finally carrying out hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled strip of 180 × 1.8.8-3.5 ×L.
(4) Disorder treatment and cold rolling of hot rolled strip
And (3) carrying out heat preservation on the hot rolled strip at 880-950 ℃ for × 60 minutes, then carrying out ice salt quenching, namely carrying out disorder quenching, changing the room temperature structure into a disordered body-centered cubic structure, and then carrying out cold rolling deformation, wherein the final deformation amount is controlled to be 30-90%, and the thickness of the strip is 0.2-0.35 mm.
(5) Vacuum heat treatment
And (3) carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the cold-rolled strip, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours.
The invention relates to a soft magnetic alloy with high saturation magnetic induction intensity and high mechanical property for high temperature application
The gold is prepared by adding a proper amount of V, Nb and Zr elements on the basis of FeCo-based alloy, and still has high saturation magnetic induction intensity, moderate coercive force and high mechanical property at room temperature and high temperature.
Examples
The chemical analysis results of 5 example alloys of the present invention and comparative example alloys, which were melted using a vacuum induction furnace, are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of melting alloy (% by mass)
The prepared Nb-added FeCoVZr alloy has the magnetic property and the mechanical property shown in Table 2, the saturation magnetic induction strength Bs of the alloy at room temperature is more than or equal to 2.17T, the mechanical property tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 590MPa, the saturation magnetic induction strength Bs of the alloy at high temperature of 500 ℃ is more than or equal to 2.09T, and the mechanical property tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 622 MPa.
TABLE 2 magnetic and mechanical properties of the comparative and examples 1-5 alloys
In table 2, the alloy prepared by the above process can significantly improve the tensile strength of the alloy after Nb element is added, and when the mass percentage of Nb element added is 0.3%, the tensile strength Rm of the alloy reaches maximum values of 827MPa and 875MPa at room temperature and 500 ℃, and the reduction of the saturation magnetic induction Bs of the alloy with the above composition is not significant, so that the comprehensive performance is optimal.
After the addition amount of the Nb element is reasonably adjusted, the FeCoVZr alloy provided by the invention obtains the soft magnetic alloy with high saturation magnetic induction and high mechanical properties for high-temperature application, which has better comprehensive properties such as saturation magnetic induction and tensile strength, and provides an excellent alternative material for the rotor of an ultrahigh-speed aeronautical motor.
Claims (12)
1. A FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance is characterized in that: nb is added on the basis of FeCoVZr alloy to obtain the soft magnetic alloy, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 47.5 to 50.5 percent of Co, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than 0.05 percent of C, less than 0.02 percent of P, less than 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
2. FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: after vacuum heat treatment, the alloy can form a precipitated phase distributed in a crystal boundary and crystal grains, the size of the precipitated phase on the crystal boundary is larger than that of the precipitated phase on other positions, the precipitated phase is NbFe and NbCo phases without V elements, and the size of the precipitated phase is 100-300 nm of the crystal grains.
3. FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloy has the following combination of magnetic and mechanical properties: at room temperature, the magnetic property saturation magnetic induction density Bs is 2.17-2.27T, and the mechanical property tensile strength Rm is 590-827 MPa; at a high temperature of 500 ℃, the saturation magnetic induction density Bs of magnetic properties is 2.09-2.13T, and the tensile strength Rm of mechanical properties is more than or equal to 622-623 MPa.
4. FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: nb0.2-0.4%.
5. FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloy is prepared by the process steps of raw material preparation, alloy smelting, homogenizing annealing, thermal deformation processing, disorder treatment, cold rolling and vacuum heat treatment.
6. FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soft magnetic alloy is used for high-power-density aviation motor rotors, the rotating speed is more than 60000rpm, the working temperature is 500 +/-50 ℃, and the working pressure is more than 600 MPa.
7. A method for preparing FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high temperature properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Preparing alloy raw materials according to the following alloy component mixture ratio: the chemical components of the alloy are represented by mass percent as Co47.5-50.5%, V1.0-2.5%, Nb 0.1-0.5%, Zr 0.05-0.15%, Si 0.01-0.1%, Mn 0.01-0.1%, C less than 0.05%, P less than 0.02%, S less than 0.02%, and the balance of Fe;
(2) alloy melting
Smelting the raw materials by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and protective atmosphere electroslag remelting duplex process, casting an electrode bar with a certain size, and remelting the electrode bar into an electroslag ingot in an argon protective atmosphere;
(3) homogenizing annealing and thermal deformation processing of electroslag ingot
Carrying out homogenization annealing on the electroslag ingot, wherein the annealing temperature is 1200 +/-100 ℃, and the annealing time is 6 +/-1 hour; then forging and milling the annealed electroslag ingot into a square billet, and then hot rolling the square billet into a hot rolled strip;
(4) disorder treatment and cold rolling of hot rolled strip
Keeping the temperature of the hot rolled strip at 880-950 ℃ for 60 +/-20 minutes, and then carrying out ice salt quenching, namely carrying out disordered quenching to change the room temperature structure into a disordered body-centered cubic structure; then cold rolling deformation is carried out, and the final deformation amount is controlled to be 30-90%;
(5) vacuum heat treatment
After the cold rolled strip is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, the final FeCo-based soft magnetic alloy is obtained, the heat treatment temperature is 850 +/-50 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 +/-1 hours, and the vacuum degree at least reaches 1 × 10-3Pa。
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1.33 × 10 during the induction melting process-1Above Pa, directly putting Fe and Co into a crucible as a primary charge; v, Nb is used as secondary feeding material and put into a hopper of a vacuum induction furnace, and after all raw materials are melted and cleaned, molten steel is cast into consumable steel in a vacuum chamber of the vacuum induction furnaceAnd (4) an electrode bar.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (2), the alloy is fully degassed, and O, N, H elements are removed.
10. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the electroslag ingot is forged and milled into a square billet with a section of 180mm × 30mm, and the square billet is hot-rolled into a hot-rolled strip with a section of 180mm × 1.8.8-3.5 mm.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (4), the thickness of the cold-rolled strip is 0.2-0.35 mm.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (5), the strip forms a precipitated phase after vacuum heat treatment, the precipitated phase is distributed in a crystal boundary and a crystal grain, the size of the precipitated phase on the crystal boundary is larger than that of the precipitated phase on other positions, the precipitated phase is NbCo and NbFe phases without V elements, and the size of the precipitated phase is 100-300 nm.
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| CN112795851A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 钢铁研究总院 | Low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114318172A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | Iron-nickel alloy with ultrahigh soft magnetic performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN114717460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength iron-cobalt soft magnetic alloy strip and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112795851A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 钢铁研究总院 | Low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114717460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength iron-cobalt soft magnetic alloy strip and preparation method thereof |
| CN114318172A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | Iron-nickel alloy with ultrahigh soft magnetic performance and preparation method thereof |
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