CN112795851B - Low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112795851B
CN112795851B CN202011587928.6A CN202011587928A CN112795851B CN 112795851 B CN112795851 B CN 112795851B CN 202011587928 A CN202011587928 A CN 202011587928A CN 112795851 B CN112795851 B CN 112795851B
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CN112795851A (en
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于一鹏
张敬霖
吴滨
卢凤双
罗曦
张建生
李增
张建福
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of iron-based magnetic materials, in particular to a semi-hard magnetic alloy with low cost, higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and moderate coercive force and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.4% of C, 2.0-4.0% of Cr2, less than 0.3% of Si, less than 0.3% of Mn, less than 0.015% of P, less than 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe; the alloy is prepared by the process steps of smelting and casting → cogging and forging → heat treatment. The alloy obtained by the method is low in cost based on a low-alloy carbon steel system, and after solution tempering, dispersed carbides are precipitated on a martensite matrix, the matrix lattice distortion is reduced, the magnetic performance is improved, the alloy has the remarkable characteristics of higher Curie temperature, higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and the like, B2400 is more than 1.5T at room temperature, B8000 is more than 1.70T, and the coercive force Hc8000 is 600-950A/m; the alloy has good semi-hard magnetic performance and can be widely popularized in the field of hysteresis motors.

Description

Low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron-based magnetic materials, in particular to a semi-hard magnetic alloy with low cost, higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and moderate coercive force and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hysteresis motor has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, small starting current and the like, the semi-hard magnetic alloy is commonly used for manufacturing a hysteresis motor rotor, and the performance of the hysteresis motor is determined by the performance of the semi-hard magnetic alloy. The applicant of the application previously applied for 'a high-use-temperature high-saturation semihard magnetic alloy and a preparation method thereof' in the Chinese invention patent No. ZL201610348103.6, the application date is 2016, 5, and 24 days, and the chemical components of the semihard magnetic alloy are expressed by mass percent: 47.5-51.0% of Co, 0.5-3.5% of Ni, 1.0-2.5% of V, 0.1-0.8% of Nb, less than 0.1% of Si, less than 0.1% of Mn, less than 0.05% of C, less than 0.02% of P, less than 0.02% of S and the balance of Fe; the method is prepared by the process steps of smelting and casting → vacuum consumable remelting → cogging and forging → heat treatment. The semi-hard magnetic alloy contains a large amount of Co and other high-price alloy elements, so that the overall cost of the alloy is high, and a person skilled in the art always considers that the semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared from low-cost iron-based alloy or pure iron and the like, the saturation magnetic induction intensity of the pure iron is high and can reach 2.1T, but the coercive force is low, and the semi-hard magnetic alloy cannot be used as a magnetic hysteresis alloy; there are also no reports in the prior art of semi-hard magnetic alloys based on low alloy carbon steel or pure iron.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost semi-hard magnetic alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein C, Cr elements are added on the basis of pure iron to improve the alloy coercive force and reduce the saturation magnetic induction intensity, and better magnetic hysteresis performance is obtained by heat treatment, so that the alloy can be widely applied to a magnetic hysteresis motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.4% of C, 2.0-4.0% of Cr2, less than 0.3% of Si, less than 0.3% of Mn, less than 0.015% of P, less than 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe.
The alloy is prepared by the process steps of smelting and casting → cogging and forging → heat treatment.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching the forged rod at high temperature, wherein the quenching temperature is 1200 +/-20 ℃; and (4) after processing to a finished product, carrying out vacuum tempering heat treatment, and keeping the temperature at 750 +/-10 ℃ for 3-4 hours.
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.22 to 0.38% of C, 2.11 to 3.97% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of Si, 0.04 to 0.08% of Mn, 0.004 to 0.006% of P, 0.004 to 0.008% of S, and the balance of Fe.
The forged rod of the alloy is a supersaturated martensite structure containing Cr and C after high-temperature quenching; after vacuum tempering, the martensite matrix has dispersed carbides precipitated.
The alloy has a combination of the following magnetic properties at room temperature: room temperature B of the alloy24001.50T～1.70T，B80001.70T～1.85T，Br80001.45T to 1.62T, coercive force Hc8000600 to 950A/m.
A preparation method for preparing the low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Preparing alloy raw materials according to the following alloy component proportions: the chemical components of the alloy are expressed by mass percent as follows: 0.2-0.4% of C, 2.0-4.0% of Cr2, less than 0.3% of Si, less than 0.3% of Mn, less than 0.015% of P, less than 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe;
(2) smelting and casting
Smelting alloy in a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the smelting process is less than or equal to 1Pa, Fe and Cr are directly put into a crucible as primary feeding, and C is put into a hopper of the vacuum induction furnace as secondary feeding; refining the raw materials for 20-30 minutes after the raw materials are cleaned, and then casting the molten steel into steel ingots in a vacuum chamber of a vacuum induction furnace;
(3) cogging and forging
Charging the steel ingot at a temperature lower than 700 ℃, heating up at a rate of less than or equal to 200 ℃/h, maintaining the temperature at 1160 +/-10 ℃ for a proper time, cogging, and forging into a bar stock with a required specification;
(4) thermal treatment
Quenching the forged rod at high temperature, wherein the quenching temperature is 1200 +/-20 ℃; and (4) after processing to a finished product, carrying out vacuum tempering heat treatment, and keeping the temperature at 750 +/-10 ℃ for 3-4 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, on the basis of pure iron, C, Cr elements are added to improve the alloy coercive force and reduce the saturation magnetic induction intensity, and then the alloy is subjected to vacuum tempering heat treatment to precipitate carbide, so that the matrix saturation magnetic induction intensity is improved, the coercive force is reduced, and better magnetic hysteresis performance is obtained.
The invention belongs to a low-alloy carbon steel system, the obtained alloy has low cost, has the obvious characteristics of higher Curie temperature, higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and the like after solution tempering, and can be widely popularized in the field of hysteresis motors. The solid solution state of the low-alloy carbon steel is a supersaturated martensite structure containing Cr and C, dispersed carbides are precipitated on a martensite matrix through tempering, and the magnetic performance is improved by reducing the lattice distortion of the matrix.
Detailed Description
The key point of the invention is that the alloy has excellent magnetic hysteresis performance by optimizing the proportion of alloy elements and through a proper heat treatment process. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the functions of the alloying elements and the alloy design are as follows:
c: 0.2-0.4, forming alloy carbide with Cr element to improve the coercive force;
cr: 2.0-4.0, improving the coercive force with C element performance alloy carbide;
fe: a substrate;
si and Mn: controlling the content of the active carbon to be below 0.3 percent;
p, S: the lower the content of the impurity element, the better.
After the alloy is quenched at 1200 ℃, the obtained martensite structure has high solid solubility, large internal stress and poor magnetic property, and dispersed carbide is precipitated on a martensite matrix through tempering, so that the matrix lattice distortion is reduced, the alloy saturation magnetic induction intensity is increased, and the coercive force is reduced.
The alloy composition of the present invention is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Low cost semi-hard magnetic alloy compositions
Composition (I) Content (by weight)％)
C 0.2～0.4
Cr 2.0～4.0
Si ＜0.3
Mn ＜0.3
P ＜0.015
S ＜0.015
Fe Balance of
The preparation method of the semi-hard magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
1. the components are mixed according to the alloy components.
2. Melting
Firstly, a vacuum induction furnace is adopted to smelt the alloy, the vacuum degree in the smelting process is less than or equal to 1Pa, and the burning loss amount of alloy elements is strictly controlled, so that the components of the alloy are controlled within the design range. Wherein Fe and Cr are directly put into a crucible as a primary charge; and C, putting the obtained product into a hopper of a vacuum induction furnace as secondary feeding, refining the obtained product for 20-30 minutes after all raw materials are refined, and then casting the molten steel into a steel ingot in a vacuum chamber of the vacuum induction furnace.
3. Cogging and forging
Charging the steel ingot at a temperature lower than 700 ℃, heating up at a rate of less than or equal to 200 ℃/h, maintaining the temperature at 1160 +/-10 ℃ for a proper time, cogging, and forging into a bar stock with the required specification.
4. Thermal treatment
Quenching the forged rod at high temperature of 1200 +/-20 ℃, preserving the temperature for 30-40 minutes, and performing oil quenching; and (4) after processing to a finished product, carrying out vacuum heat treatment, and keeping the temperature at 750 +/-10 ℃ for 3-4 hours.
The chemical analysis results of 4-component alloys melted by a vacuum induction furnace are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 chemical composition of the melting alloy (% by mass)
Figure BDA0002867789520000051
The component alloy adopts the following processing technology: vacuum induction melting → forging at 1160 ℃ after stripping of steel ingot → phi 45mm rod.
The magnetic performance of the low-cost semi-hard magnetic alloy prepared by the process is shown in Table 3, wherein the B2400 of the alloy at room temperature is more than 1.5T, the B8000 is more than 1.70T, and the coercive force Hc8000 is 600-950A/m; the alloy material has good semi-hard magnetic performance and wide application prospect in the field of hysteresis motors.
TABLE 3 Room temperature magnetic Properties of Low cost semi-hard magnetic alloys
Figure BDA0002867789520000061

Claims (4)

1. A low-cost low-alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy is characterized in that the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.4% of C, 2.0-4.0% of Cr2, less than 0.3% of Si, less than 0.3% of Mn, less than 0.015% of P, less than 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe;
the alloy is prepared by the process steps of smelting and casting → cogging and forging → heat treatment;
the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching the forged rod at high temperature, wherein the quenching temperature is 1200 +/-20 ℃; after the finished product is processed, carrying out vacuum tempering heat treatment, and keeping the temperature at 750 +/-10 ℃ for 3-4 hours;
the forged rod of the alloy is a supersaturated martensite structure containing Cr and C after high-temperature quenching; after vacuum tempering, the martensite matrix has dispersed carbides precipitated.
2. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy has a chemical composition, in mass percent, of: 0.22 to 0.38% of C, 2.11 to 3.97% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of Si, 0.04 to 0.08% of Mn, 0.004 to 0.006% of P, 0.004 to 0.008% of S, and the balance of Fe.
3. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy has a combination of magnetic properties at room temperature as follows: room temperature B of the alloy2400 1.50T~1.70T，B8000 1.70T~1.85T，Br80001.45T to 1.62T, coercive force Hc8000600 to 950A/m.
4. A method of making the low cost low alloy semi-hard magnetic alloy of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Preparing alloy raw materials according to the following alloy component proportions: the chemical components of the alloy are expressed by mass percent as follows: 0.2-0.4% of C, 2.0-4.0% of Cr2, less than 0.3% of Si, less than 0.3% of Mn, less than 0.015% of P, less than 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe;
(2) smelting and casting
Smelting alloy in a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the smelting process is less than or equal to 1Pa, Fe and Cr are directly put into a crucible as primary feeding, and C is put into a hopper of the vacuum induction furnace as secondary feeding; refining the raw materials for 20-30 minutes after the raw materials are cleaned, and then casting the molten steel into steel ingots in a vacuum chamber of a vacuum induction furnace;
(3) cogging and forging
Charging the steel ingot at a temperature lower than 700 ℃, heating up at a rate of less than or equal to 200 ℃/h, maintaining the temperature at 1160 +/-10 ℃ for a proper time, cogging, and forging into a bar stock with a required specification;
(4) thermal treatment
Quenching the forged rod at high temperature, wherein the quenching temperature is 1200 +/-20 ℃; and (4) after processing to a finished product, carrying out vacuum tempering heat treatment, and keeping the temperature at 750 +/-10 ℃ for 3-4 hours.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1544601A (en) * 1976-02-14 1979-04-19 Inoue Japax Res Magnetic materials
JPS60243251A (en) * 1984-05-16 1985-12-03 Hitachi Metals Ltd Semihard magnetic alloy
CN1596320A (en) * 2001-11-30 2005-03-16 Nkk条钢株式会社 Free-cutting steel
CN1920086A (en) * 2001-11-30 2007-02-28 Jfe条钢株式会社 Free cutting steel
CN105296863A (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-02-03 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 Half-hard magnetic alloy and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111455222A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-07-28 钢铁研究总院 FeCoVZr soft magnetic alloy with excellent high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1544601A (en) * 1976-02-14 1979-04-19 Inoue Japax Res Magnetic materials
JPS60243251A (en) * 1984-05-16 1985-12-03 Hitachi Metals Ltd Semihard magnetic alloy
CN1596320A (en) * 2001-11-30 2005-03-16 Nkk条钢株式会社 Free-cutting steel
CN1920086A (en) * 2001-11-30 2007-02-28 Jfe条钢株式会社 Free cutting steel
CN1920084A (en) * 2001-11-30 2007-02-28 Jfe条钢株式会社 Free cutting steel
CN105296863A (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-02-03 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 Half-hard magnetic alloy and manufacturing method thereof

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