CN111394859B - 吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法 - Google Patents

吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法 Download PDF

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CN111394859B
CN111394859B CN202010134040.0A CN202010134040A CN111394859B CN 111394859 B CN111394859 B CN 111394859B CN 202010134040 A CN202010134040 A CN 202010134040A CN 111394859 B CN111394859 B CN 111394859B
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moisture
fabric
layer
heating
fiber
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CN111394859A (zh
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崔沂
俞建勇
张瑞云
高姝一
程隆棣
纪峰
王伟
刘柳
王妮
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Donghua University
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Donghua University
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法，吸湿匀缓发热面料为采用针织、机织、非织造技术或者多层缝合技术织造三层结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料，三层结构由里层、中间层和外层组成；里层具有扩散导湿功能，中间层具有吸湿储湿功能，其吸湿能力和液态水分扩散速度均介于里层与外层之间；外层具有吸湿发热功能；本发明织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料达到最高温升值的温升速率小于1℃/min，面料达到最高温升值的时间与同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物相比要滞后1～3分钟，面料保热时间为21～25min；在相同加湿条件下，所述吸湿匀缓发热面料的发热面积比同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物多5％以上。

Description

吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法
技术领域
本发明属织造技术领域，涉及一种吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展和生活水平的提高，人们对面料与服装实用功能的要求趋向多元化，发热材料作为区别于传统隔热保温材料的一种积极产热式材料，已越来越多地受到人们的关注和喜爱，它能满足人们冬季服装舒适性、功能性和美观性的多重要求。据测试资料表明，人在运动时，有大量的汗水排出，既有液态，也有气态，数量约为100g/m2·h，而在静止时通过皮肤向外蒸发水分约为15g/m2·h；因此，人体即使不运动也有大量的潜汗产生。吸湿发热纤维的发热动力源于对水分的吸附，故而这类纤维材料可以与人体汗液相互作用产生热量，从而满足人体对服装热湿舒适性的功能要求。
国内现在的吸湿发热产品中发热面料功能的实现主要是从原料选择方面达到发热效果，从面料结构设计方面达到保暖效果。申请号CN201610080946.2的发明专利公开了一种吸湿发热面料，这种面料自下而上由起绒层、连接层和表层纱线编织而成，结构设计简单，各层面之间的组织架构连接更紧密，面料的一面平整磨毛，另一面呈竖螺纹的拉绒效果，穿着时由于起绒层竖螺纹的结构弹力大且柔软的贴合人体，且起绒层中的超细旦膨体腈纶和长绒棉具有较好的吸湿发热效果，使面料吸湿发热的最高温升值为7.1℃，30min内平均吸湿发热温升值为3.4℃。随着人们对面料功能性与舒适性的要求越来越高，结合单向导湿快干和吸湿发热功能的面料相继出现。申请号CN201610785867.1的专利公开了一种单向导湿吸湿发热针织面料及其制备方法，通过在内层、中间层以及外层形成具有一定湿度梯度的差动芯吸织物结构，有利于湿气的导出，并且内层与外层均由具有一定吸湿发热功能的纱线织造而成，使得水分在内外转移的过程中产生大量微分热和积分热，从而达到吸湿发热快干保暖的面料效果。这种面料吸湿发热的最高温升值7.9℃，30min内平均吸湿发热温升值为4.1℃。虽然这几种吸湿发热面料的指标值均已满足国标要求(吸湿发热的最高温升值≥4℃，30min内平均吸湿发热温升值≥3℃)，但这些面料吸湿发热的最高温升值与30min内平均温升值指标相差值达到3～4℃，说明整个吸湿发热过程中布面温升均匀稳定性较差，而且7℃的温升值不利于人体对服装热湿舒适的要求。
一般而言，任何具有一定吸湿性的材料都可以进行吸湿发热，根据GB/T 29866-2013评定面料的吸湿发热效果指标有最高温升值与30min平均温升值，但这两项指标所确定的吸湿发热面料并不可以体现出服装的热湿舒适性。人体表面汗液分布并不均匀，而吸湿发热面料发热动力源于对水分子的吸附作用，故这种在单位时间内由面料吸湿不匀产生的温度变化不匀会使人体有热不适感以及湿冷不适感，并不利于人体自身对服装热湿舒适性的要求。
所以，开发一种能够有效缓解面料吸湿后温升变化速率，增加面料整体发热面积的吸湿匀缓发热面料对实现服装的热湿舒适性有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种吸湿匀缓发热面料及其织造方法。该面料采用多层织物结构的设计方式以及对不同功能纤维的优化搭配应用，通过控制水分在布面上的传递赋予面料扩散导湿、吸湿储湿以及吸湿发热的综合功能，最终达到面料的吸湿匀缓发热效果。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
吸湿匀缓发热面料，为由贴肤里层、中间层和外层组成的三层面料；所述里层、中间层和外层各自独立地选自于针织结构、机织结构或非织造结构；
所述里层具有扩散导湿功能，对水分起到快速扩散传导的作用，增大水分在面内的扩散面积；其快速扩散传导表示为液态水分扩散速度大于1mm/s；
所述中间层具有吸湿储湿功能，对从里层传导到中间层的水分进行部分截留和存储，具有增加水分的运动自由程并且缓解里层水分直接大量到达外层进行吸湿发热的作用；其吸湿能力介于里层与外层之间，具体表示为中间层的纤维回潮率为8％～12.5％；其液态水分扩散速度介于里层与外层之间；
所述外层具有吸湿发热功能，对经过里层和中间层的水分进行快速扩散传导并且吸附水分放出热量的作用，达到吸湿发热的效果；其快速扩散传导表示为液态水分扩散速度大于1.5mm/s；其吸湿发热符合GB/T 29866-2013，表示为最高温升值为不小于4℃，30min内平均温升值为不小于3℃；
所述吸湿匀缓发热面料，吸湿发热效果表示为最高温升值为4.5～7℃，30min内平均温升值为3.2～4℃，其达到最高温升值的温升速率小于1℃/min，面料达到最高温升值的时间与同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物相比要滞后1～3分钟，保热时间为21～25min；在相同加湿条件下，所述吸湿匀缓发热面料最高温升值略低于同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物，且其发热面积比同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物大5％以上。
本发明所述吸湿匀缓发热面料的各项指标值符合现有国家标准，为了描述本发明的匀缓发热效果，采用温升速率、保热时间(面料温升超过标准平均温度的时间)以及发热面积来表征。
作为优选的技术方案：
如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，所述里层由异形截面长丝、含异形截面长丝的复合纱线或者含异形截面长丝的非织造布片制成；
所述中间层由纯纺纱、混纺纱或者非织造布片制成；
所述外层由含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者非织造布片制成。
如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，所述含异形截面长丝的复合纱线是指异形截面长丝与A纤维混纺的纱线并线而成；所述含异形截面长丝的非织造布片是指异形截面长丝与A纤维均匀混合形成的非织造布片；所述异形截面为十字形、Y形或“王”字形；
所述异形截面长丝为异形截面聚酯长丝或者异形截面聚酰胺长丝；
所述的A纤维为棉纤维、羊毛纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维和莫代尔纤维中的一种或多种；
按照重量百分比，异形截面长丝占40％～80％。
如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，所述中间层中的纯纺纱、混纺纱或者非织造布片由棉纤维、羊毛纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维、莫代尔纤维、聚酰胺纤维和聚酯纤维的一种或多种组成。
如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，所述含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者非织造布片由吸湿发热纤维与C纤维混纺或者混合制成的；按照重量百分比，含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者非织造布片中，吸湿发热纤维占10％～40％；
所述C纤维为棉纤维、羊毛纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维和莫代尔纤维的一种或多种；
所述吸湿发热纤维是指改性聚丙烯腈纤维、改性聚丙烯酸盐纤维、改性聚丙烯酸酯纤维或改性蛋白粘胶纤维；
所述改性是指利用纤维材料吸湿发热机制在聚丙烯腈纤维、聚丙烯酸盐纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维或蛋白粘胶纤维的大分子链上引入亲水基团。
如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，所述里层、中间层和外层的吸湿性大小依次为：外层>中间层>里层，即从内到外织物层与层之间的吸湿性逐渐增大。
本发明还提供一种织造如上所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料的方法，采用针织、机织、非织造技术或者多层缝合技术织造三层结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料；
所述三层结构包含针织结构、机织结构和非织造结构中的一种以上。
作为优选的技术方案：
如上所述的方法，所述三层结构均为针织结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料，应用衬纬组织织造，吸湿匀缓发热面料的外层采用下针出满针单面编织的方式进线；吸湿匀缓发热面料的里层采用上针出满针单面编织的方式进线；连接纱与外层采用的纱线、连接纱与里层采用的纱线分别通过集圈方式连接，衬纬纱在上下针分别进行单面编织形成的夹层中作为纬纱衬入，衬纬纱不参与编织，衬纬纱和连接纱共同构成织物的中间层；
或者，应用多线添纱组织织造，吸湿匀缓发热面料的外层采用下针出满针单面编织的方式进线；吸湿匀缓发热面料的中间层和里层一起采用上针出满针单面编织的方式进线，形成外层线圈覆盖在中间层线圈的花色组织，连接纱在上、下针床上双面集圈编织。
如上所述的方法，所述三层结构均为机织结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料，应用三层接结组织织造，外层采用的纱线作为表经和表纬交织形成外层，中间层采用的纱线由中经和中纬交织形成中间层，里层采用的纱线作为里经和里纬交织形成里层；
所述表经、中经和里经的排列顺序为一根表经、一根中经和一根里经；所述的表纬、中纬和里纬的排列顺序为一根表纬、一根中纬和一根里纬；
所述外层采用斜纹组织或平纹组织，里层和中间层采用斜纹组织；
所述机织结构的接结方法为使用独立附加的一根经纱把外层，中间层和里层接结在一起。
如上所述的方法，所述外层和中间层采用水刺非织造方法加工成形，里层采用纺粘非织造方法加工成形；将各层非织造布片采用水刺、针刺、热压或者超声波复合方式复合，织成三层结构均为非织造结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料。
如上所述的方法，所述多层缝合技术是指通过电脑绗缝机将结构不完全相同的三层组织进行绗缝缝合成形，在电脑上选择绗缝的纹样，设定机器，形成三层结构不完全相同的吸湿匀缓发热面料。
如上所述的方法，所述三层结构不完全相同的吸湿匀缓发热面料中，针织结构为纬平针组织或罗纹组织，机织结构为平纹组织、斜纹组织或方平组织，非织造结构的成形工艺为水刺加工成形、纺粘加工成形或超声波加工成形。
本发明的发明机理如下：
本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料利用水分在面料层内的快速扩散迁移原则以及层间差动芯吸效应相结合，分为三层织物功能结构，通过赋予每一层织物不同的功能以及功能层与功能层之间的热湿传递来达到面料最终的均匀缓慢发热效果。
第一层是作为贴肤里层的扩散导湿层，该层织物以水分在织物面内的扩散为主，通过选用导湿迁移扩散效果优异的材料来增大水分在织物面内的轴向扩散迁移，使得水分在织物面内的扩散面积增大，降低由于水分局部集聚所产生的湿不适感；第二层是作为中间层的吸湿储湿层，通过选用吸湿性介于里层与外层的材料，在水分从面料里层经过中间层到达外层的过程中，利用中间层的吸湿性来截留和存储部分水分，使得外层无法直接由于吸附大量水分而进行较为剧烈的吸湿发热过程，缓解由于外层温度变化速率过快引起的舒适性降低。同时当人体出汗量降低时，中间储湿层截留的水分会由于内外差动芯吸效应而向外转移，以便外层织物的吸湿发热过程持续进行。第三层是作为外层的吸湿发热层，基于面料的发热动力源于对水分子的吸附作用，该层选用吸湿性高于里层与中间层的材料，将通过层间迁移扩散传导到面料外层的水分进行吸附并在此过程中释放出相应的热量，且该层优异的吸湿性使得水分具有优于内层与中间层的快速迁移传导效果，面料外层的水分接触的吸湿发热纤维面积更大，故面料整体因吸湿产生的热量分布更为均匀。
本发明中的里层具有优异的水分扩散与传导作用，同时里层面料要具有一定的吸湿性，以便水分能够在里层快速迁移传导，避免水分集聚；其快速扩散传导表示为该层液态水分扩散速度应大于1mm/s。异形截面聚酯长丝以及异形截面聚酰胺长丝由于自身表面的沟槽结构使其具有优异的水分传导作用，同时在一定条件下纤维材料优异的吸湿性也有利于水分的扩散传导，故采用异形截面长丝与具有一定吸湿性的短纤纱并线，形成连续的表面导湿通道以及大量的内部孔隙，使水分子在毛细管作用下沿着沟槽和连续孔隙通道迁移运输，进而实现水分在面内的扩散导湿。
本发明中的中间层具有优于里层的吸湿性和保水性，以便水分在扩散传导至中间层时先于外层吸附截留部分水分，具有增加水分的运动自由程并且缓解里层水分直接大量到达外层进行吸湿发热；故选用公定回潮率在8％～12.5％之间的纤维材料，在水分通过中间层时由于其较好的吸湿性，中间层纤维材料上的亲水基团将与水分子发生吸附作用，使水分子牢固地附着于纤维表面直至达到吸湿饱和，以此缓解水分直接大量到达面料外层进行吸湿发热。
本发明中的外层具有优于中间层的吸湿性，且外层面料的紧密度要高于里层和中间层，以阻碍水分直接通过外层面料孔隙向外界扩散，同时外层面料优异的吸湿性以及导湿性使得水分在外层快速扩散传导过程中附着于外层并释放出热量，达到吸湿发热的效果。其快速扩散传导表示为该层液态水分扩散速度应大于1.5mm/s；其吸湿发热表示为最高温升值为不小于4℃，30min内平均温升值不小于3℃。故选用含有大量亲水基团以及较低结晶度的吸湿发热纤维材料，这些亲水基团通过与水分子形成不同结合程度的结合水来释放出相应的热量，即亲水基团与水分子以分子间氢键作用的方式结合形成紧密结合水并释放出大量热，接着这些紧密结合水再与其他水分子以分子间氢键的方式结合形成非紧密结合水并释放出一定热量，而由于纤维材料自身较低的结晶度有利于这些结合水分相对稳定地附着于纤维内部。同时这类纤维材料优异的吸湿性也有利于水分在面料外层的扩散迁移，面料外层的水分接触的吸湿发热纤维面积更大，故面料整体因吸湿产生的热量分布更为均匀。
本发明在赋予面料里层扩散导湿功能，中间层吸湿储湿功能以及外层吸湿发热功能的基础上，通过功能层与功能层之间的热湿传递来实现面料最终的吸湿匀缓发热效果。通过在面料里层，中间层到外层形成一定吸湿梯度的差动芯吸效应，使得水分子产生从里层至外层的扩散转移传输，同时交替穿梭于面料里层与中间层，中间层与外层的连接纱为水分提供连续的导湿通道，实现水分在层与层之间的面间传输迁移。水分子在通过面料里层时在毛细管作用下沿着材料内部的沟槽以及孔隙通道在面内扩散，材料自身的吸湿性也可以增加水分在面料里层的铺展浸润以扩大里层水分扩散面积，缓解水分直接通过面间扩散达到面料外层进行局部吸湿放热。通过面内扩散的水分在差动芯吸效应以及自身的蒸发扩散作用下转移至中间层，截留和存储部分水分直至中间层材料达到一定的饱和湿度，进一步延长水分达到外层的时间并有效增加了水分在面料内部的运动自由程。并且由于中间层具有相对优异的吸湿性，在水分吸附过程中会产生一定的热量，且面料层与层之间通过连接纱结合，使得中间层具有一定的静止空气层，对热量的散失起到一定的阻隔作用。水分通过在面料里层扩散，中间层储湿以及层与层之间的差动芯吸效应，最终到达外层的水分扩散面积大，外层有更多的吸湿发热纤维参与到与水分子的吸附放热中，实现面料内热量均匀分布。由于外层面料设计结构紧密，在有效避免水分通过孔隙向外界扩散的同时，通过与中间层形成静止空气来阻隔一定的热量散失，同时产生的热量会传导至里层与中间层以促进这两层面料内水分的蒸发快干，以缓解这两层面料中水分因吸收人体表面热量造成人体体表产生湿冷不适感。
有益效果
(1)本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料在满足吸湿发热国家标准指标的前提下能够实现面料的均匀、缓慢、吸湿发热、保暖等多重功能；
(2)本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料可以缓解人体在运动过程中由于出汗后，面料因吸湿发热而快速升温造成的人体热不适感以及缓解人体运动结束后由于汗液蒸发吸热造成的湿冷不适感，对实现衣着服装的热湿舒适性功能有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料的结构示意图，其中，1-扩散导湿层，2-吸湿储湿层，3-吸湿发热层；
图2为实施例1中的吸湿匀缓发热面料的编织工艺图；
图3为实施例1中的吸湿匀缓发热面料的织针排列图；
图4为实施例1中的吸湿匀缓发热面料的三角排列图，其中，“一”-浮线三角，“∧”-下针筒成圈三角，“∨”-上针床成圈三角，“凵”-集圈三角；
图5为本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料的30min内温升曲线图；
图6为本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料的吸湿发热温度值最大时温度分布图；
图7为本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料的温度分布二值化图，其中，黑色区域为面料温度低于22℃的部分，白色区域为面料温度高于22℃部分；1#为对比例1，2#为实施例1，3#为实施例2。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明的吸湿匀缓发热面料的结构示意图如图1所示，其中，1-扩散导湿层，2-吸湿储湿层，3-吸湿发热层。
实施例1
一种吸湿匀缓发热面料，由四种纱线编织而成，外层纱线为舒热丝纤维与粘胶纤维以混纺比为20/80混纺的吸湿发热纱，纱支为32S，其中舒热丝纤维是由上海洁宜康化工科技有限公司开发，是一种经特殊工艺制成的一种丙烯酸纤维，由丙烯酸、丙烯酸钠和丙烯酰胺等基团所组成。衬纬纱线为32S全棉普梳纱；连接纱线为75D/72F聚酯DTY长丝；里层纱线为75D/72F十字型截面COOLDRY聚酯长丝与60S涤棉混纺比为80/20短纤纱并线而成的复合纱。
该吸湿匀缓发热面料的织造方法，依次包括以下步骤：
(1)根据所设计的面料选择上述四种纱线原料，并根据机型的实际情况准备好上机时以上四种原料所必须的原料管头数；
(2)将原料上机织造，按如图2所示的编织工艺图进行编织，织针的排列按如图3所示的方式排列，织针的三角排列按附图4所示方式排列。其中，图2中的①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧为进纱路数编号；图3中上、下排中的1、2是根据织针针锺高低的不同对织针编号成1号针、2号针，位于上排的是上针盘织针的排列方式，位于下排的是下针筒织针排列方式；图4中位于上排表格中的是上针盘织针的三角排列方式，位于下排表格中的是下针筒织针的三角排列方式，其中，“∧”、“∨”为成圈三角，“凵”为集圈三角，“－”为浮线三角；
上机织造时，共八路编织完成一个完全组织，第①路为上针出满针的单面编织，第②路为下针出满针的单面编织，第③路为上针1号针出半针集圈与下针1号针出半针集圈的双面编织，第④路上下针不参与编织形成衬纬纱，第⑤路重复第①路编织，第⑥路重复第②路编织，第⑦路为上针2号针出半针集圈与下针2号针出半针集圈的双面编织，第⑧路重复第④路不参与编织。其中，第①、⑤路为75D/72F十字型截面COOLDRY聚酯长丝与60S涤棉混纺比为80/20短纤纱并线而成的复合纱，第②、⑥路为32S舒热丝/粘胶混纺比为20/80吸湿发热纱，第③、⑦路为75D/72F聚酯DTY长丝，第④、⑧路为32S全棉普梳纱；
(3)将所得面料毛坯沿开幅线剖幅并同时全检入库；
(4)面料毛坯经预定型，去油水洗以及复定型以后，获得吸湿匀缓发热面料。
对织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料通过液态水分管理得出里层液态水分扩散速度为1.34mm/s，外层液态水分扩散速度为1.94mm/s；按GB/T 29866-2013进行面料吸湿发热性能检测，其吸湿发热的最高温升值为5.2℃，超过国家纺织行业标准的≥4.0℃的要求，吸湿发热30min的平均温升值为3.7℃，超过国家纺织行业标准的≥3.0℃的要求，如图5所示，其温升速率为0.84℃/min，且织物保热时间为21min。
对织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料进行如下测试：对干燥调温后并在标准大气环境下平衡1h的吸湿匀缓发热面料进行给湿处理，测定吸湿匀缓发热面料的表面温度，吸湿匀缓发热面料尺寸为25cm×25cm，给湿范围为吸湿匀缓发热面料的正中心2cm的圆形范围，给湿速率为0.2ml/min。测试结果如图6所示，其最高温升值为23.9℃，高于布面平均温度值的发热面积占布面总面积的54.75％，如图7所示。
对比例1
一种吸湿发热面料，其织造方法为在单面针织机上满针编织，面料线长与实施例1外层线长一致，为14.8cm，采用的原料与实施例1外层原料相同；将织造得到的吸湿发热面料按GB/T 29866-2013进行面料吸湿发热性能检测，其吸湿发热的最高温升值为5.1℃，吸湿发热30min的平均温升值为3.2℃，如图5所示，其温升速率为1.09℃/min，且面料保热时间为16min。采用同实施例1相同的测试方法，对织成的吸湿发热面料进行测试，如图6所示，测试结果为：吸湿发热最高温升值为24.5℃，高于布面平均温度值的发热面积占布面总面积的45.43％，如图7所示。
将实施例1与对比例1进行对比可以看出，实施例1面料达到最高温升值的时间比对比样要滞后1.5分钟，实施例1织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料的发热面积比对比例1中的吸湿发热面料的发热面积多9.32％，这说明实施例1中的面料的热量分布更加均匀，证明面料吸湿匀缓发热效果更佳。
实施例2
一种吸湿匀缓发热面料，由四种纱线编织而成，外层纱线、衬纬纱线、连接纱线与实施例1相同，里层纱线为75D/72F十字型截面COOLDRY聚酯长丝与60S纯棉短纤纱并线而成的复合纱。
该吸湿匀缓发热面料的织造方法，依次包括以下步骤：
(1)根据所设计的面料选择上述四种纱线原料，并根据机型的实际情况准备好上机时以上四种原料所必须的原料管头数；
(2)将原料上机织造，上机织造时，与实施例1的方法相同，不同之处在于第①、⑤路为75D/72F十字型截面COOLDRY聚酯长丝与60S纯棉短纤纱并线而成的复合纱；
(3)将所得面料毛坯沿开幅线剖幅并同时全检入库；
(4)面料毛坯经预定型，去油水洗以及复定型以后，获得吸湿匀缓发热面料。
对织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料通过液态水分管理得出里层液态水分扩散速度为1.91mm/s，外层液态水分扩散速度为1.74mm/s；按GB/T 29866-2013进行面料吸湿发热性能检测，其吸湿发热的最高温升值为5.5℃，吸湿发热30min的平均温升值为3.9℃，如图5所示，该面料达到最高温升值的时间比对比例1要滞后2分钟，其温升速率为0.94℃/min，且面料保热时间为24min。
采用同实施例1相同的测试方法，对织成的吸湿匀缓发热面料进行测试，结果如图6所示，其最高温升值为24.3℃(低于对比例1)，高于布面平均温度值的发热面积占布面总面积的65.52％，如图7所示。即实施例2中面料的发热面积比对比例1中面料的发热面积多20.09％，这说明实施例2织成的面料的热量分布更加均匀，面料吸湿匀缓发热效果更佳。

Claims (12)

1.吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征是：为由里层、中间层和外层组成的三层面料；所述里层、中间层和外层各自独立地选自于针织结构、机织结构或非织造结构；
所述里层具有扩散导湿功能，对水分起到快速扩散传导的作用，其快速扩散传导表示为液态水分扩散速度大于1mm/s；
所述中间层具有吸湿储湿功能，对从里层传导到中间层的水分进行部分截留和存储，具有增加水分的运动自由程并且缓解里层水分直接到达外层进行吸湿发热的作用；其吸湿能力介于里层与外层之间，中间层的纤维回潮率为8%~12.5%；其液态水分扩散速度介于里层与外层之间；
所述外层具有吸湿发热功能，对经过里层和中间层的水分进行快速扩散传导并且吸附水分放出热量的作用；其快速扩散传导表示为液态水分扩散速度大于1.5mm/s；
所述吸湿匀缓发热面料，吸湿发热效果表示为最高温升值为4.5~7℃，30min内平均温升值为3.2~4℃，其达到最高温升值的温升速率小于1℃/min，面料达到最高温升值的时间与同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物相比要滞后1~3分钟，保热时间为21~25min；在相同加湿条件下，所述吸湿匀缓发热面料最高温升值略低于同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物，且其发热面积比同类吸湿发热混纺纱线织造的纬平针织物大5%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征在于，所述里层由异形截面长丝、含异形截面长丝的复合纱线或者含异形截面长丝的非织造布片制成；
所述中间层由纯纺纱、混纺纱或者非织造布片制成；
所述外层由含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者含吸湿发热纤维的非织造布片制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征在于，所述含异形截面长丝的复合纱线是指异形截面长丝与A纤维混纺的纱线并线而成；所述含异形截面长丝的非织造布片是指异形截面长丝与A纤维均匀混合形成的非织造布片；所述异形截面为十字形、Ｙ形或“王”字形；
所述异形截面长丝为异形截面聚酯长丝或者异形截面聚酰胺长丝；
所述的A纤维为棉纤维、羊毛纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维和莫代尔纤维中的一种或多种；
按照重量百分比，所述含异形截面长丝的复合纱线或所述含异形截面长丝的非织造布片中，异形截面长丝占40%~80%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征在于，所述中间层中的纯纺纱、混纺纱或者非织造布片由棉纤维、羊毛纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维、莫代尔纤维、聚酰胺纤维和聚酯纤维的一种或多种组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征在于，所述含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者含吸湿发热纤维的非织造布片由吸湿发热纤维与C纤维混纺或者混合制成的；按照重量百分比，含吸湿发热纤维的混纺纱线或者含吸湿发热纤维的非织造布片中，吸湿发热纤维占10%~40%；
所述C纤维为棉纤维、羊毛纤维、粘胶纤维、兰精纤维、铜氨纤维和莫代尔纤维的一种或多种；
所述吸湿发热纤维是指改性聚丙烯腈纤维、改性聚丙烯酸盐纤维、改性聚丙烯酸酯纤维或改性蛋白粘胶纤维；
所述改性是指在聚丙烯腈纤维、聚丙烯酸盐纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维或蛋白粘胶纤维的大分子链上引入亲水基团。
6.根据权利要求2所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料，其特征在于，所述里层、中间层和外层的吸湿性大小依次为：外层>中间层>里层。
7.织造如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸湿匀缓发热面料的方法，其特征是：采用针织、机织、非织造技术或者多层缝合技术织造三层结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料；
所述三层结构包含针织结构、机织结构和非织造结构中的一种以上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述三层结构均为针织结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料，应用衬纬组织织造，吸湿匀缓发热面料的外层采用下针出满针单面编织的方式进线；吸湿匀缓发热面料的里层采用上针出满针单面编织的方式进线；连接纱与外层采用的纱线、连接纱与里层采用的纱线分别通过集圈方式连接，衬纬纱在上下针分别进行单面编织形成的夹层中作为纬纱衬入，衬纬纱不参与编织，衬纬纱和连接纱共同构成织物的中间层；
或者，应用多线添纱组织织造，吸湿匀缓发热面料的外层采用下针出满针单面编织的方式进线；吸湿匀缓发热面料的中间层和里层一起采用上针出满针单面编织的方式进线，形成外层线圈覆盖在中间层线圈的花色组织，连接纱在上、下针床上双面集圈编织。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述三层结构均为机织结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料，应用三层接结组织织造，外层采用的纱线作为表经和表纬交织形成外层，中间层采用的纱线由中经和中纬交织形成中间层，里层采用的纱线作为里经和里纬交织形成里层；
所述表经、中经和里经的排列顺序为一根表经、一根中经和一根里经；所述的表纬、中纬和里纬的排列顺序为一根表纬、一根中纬和一根里纬；
所述外层采用斜纹组织或平纹组织，里层和中间层采用斜纹组织；
所述机织结构的接结方法为使用独立附加的一根经纱把外层，中间层和里层接结在一起。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述外层和中间层采用水刺非织造方法加工成形，里层采用纺粘非织造方法加工成形；将各层非织造布片采用水刺、针刺、热压或者超声波复合方式复合，织成三层结构均为非织造结构的吸湿匀缓发热面料。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多层缝合技术是指通过电脑绗缝机将结构不完全相同的三层组织进行绗缝缝合成形，在电脑上选择绗缝的纹样，设定机器，形成三层结构不完全相同的吸湿匀缓发热面料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述三层结构不完全相同的吸湿匀缓发热面料中，针织结构为纬平针组织或罗纹组织，机织结构为平纹组织、斜纹组织或方平组织，非织造结构的成形工艺为水刺加工成形、纺粘加工成形或超声波加工成形。
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