CN111360850A

CN111360850A - Self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping circular hole in valve cover

Info

Publication number: CN111360850A
Application number: CN202010400639.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁文强
Original assignee: Shaoxing Zhongsong Intelligent Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Yichuang Industrial Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-05-13
Filing date: 2020-05-13
Publication date: 2020-07-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-13
Also published as: CN111360850B

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping circular holes in a valve cover, which comprises a bottom plate, a top plate, a first sliding table mechanism, an electromagnetic chuck, a second sliding table mechanism, a lifting displacement mechanism and a reducing polishing and shaping head, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a first sliding table; the variable-diameter polishing and shaping head comprises a connecting seat, a motor mounting seat, a rotary driving motor, a rotary seat, a centering shaft, a centering seat, an electromagnetic driving coil, a tracking sliding shaft, two electrode variable-diameter sliders arranged in central symmetry, two tracking sliding columns and three triangular hole wall self-centering parts, wherein the tracking sliding shaft is connected with the rotary seat through a spring; the invention can be adaptive to round holes with different apertures, and has high polishing and shaping efficiency and strong universality.

Description

Self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping circular hole in valve cover

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping an upper circular hole of a valve cover.

Background

The valve cover is an important component of the open valve, and is usually required to be subjected to round hole drilling operation during machining operation, and after the valve cover is drilled, a small amount of chips are easily adhered to the inner edge of the round hole of the valve cover, so that the chips are required to be cleaned.

The polishing head of the existing chip removing equipment can only be used for operating a round hole of one specification, and when the round hole with different apertures is formed in the valve cover, different polishing heads need to be replaced to operate, so that the chip removing efficiency is low, and the existing polishing head cannot be used for performing blunt processing on the inner edge of the round hole when the chip is removed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping a circular hole in a valve cover.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:

a self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping a circular hole in a valve cover comprises a bottom plate, a top plate fixed on the bottom plate through four support columns, a first sliding table mechanism arranged on the bottom plate, an electromagnetic chuck which is arranged on the output end of the first sliding table mechanism and is U-shaped, a second sliding table mechanism arranged on the top plate, a lifting displacement mechanism arranged on the output end of the second sliding table mechanism through a cantilever plate, and a reducing polishing and shaping head fixed on the output end of the lifting displacement mechanism;

the reducing polishing shaping head comprises a connecting seat, a motor mounting seat, a rotary driving motor, a rotary seat, a centering shaft, a centering seat, an electromagnetic driving coil, a tracking sliding shaft, two L-shaped electrode reducing sliders, two tracking sliding columns and three hole wall self-centering portions, wherein the connecting seat is fixed at the output end of a lifting displacement mechanism, the electrode mounting seat is fixed on the connecting seat, the rotary driving motor is mounted in the motor mounting seat, the upper end of the rotary seat movably extends into the motor mounting seat and is connected with the output end of the rotary driving motor, the lower end of the rotary seat is provided with a U-shaped groove with an opening facing towards and penetrating through the rotary seat, the upper end of the centering seat is fixed at the lower end of the rotary seat, the electromagnetic driving coil is embedded in the centering seat, and the lower end of the centering shaft movably extends into the centering seat and penetrates through a center hole of the electromagnetic driving coil, the upper end of the fixed shaft extends into the U-shaped groove, the middle part of the tracking sliding shaft is movably sleeved at the upper end of the fixed shaft, and the two ends of the tracking sliding shaft penetrate out along the length direction of the U-shaped groove respectively, the middle part of the tracking sliding shaft is also connected with the rotating seat through a spring, the upper ends of the two tracking sliding columns are movably sleeved on the two ends of the tracking sliding shaft correspondingly respectively, the two electrode diameter-variable sliding blocks are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the long arms of the two electrode diameter-variable sliding blocks penetrate through the fixed seat along the axial direction vertical to the fixed seat, the long arms of the two electrode diameter-variable sliding blocks are provided with diameter-variable inclined guide holes, the fixed shaft is penetrated with diameter-variable pin shafts, the two ends of the diameter-variable pin shafts are respectively embedded into the diameter-variable inclined guide holes of the two electrode diameter-variable sliding blocks correspondingly, and the lower ends of the two tracking sliding columns respectively, the tracking sliding column comprises a tracking sliding column body, a tracking ball wheel is embedded in the lower end portion of one of the tracking sliding column bodies, a piezoelectric gap adjusting sheet and a polishing and shaping electrode are embedded in the lower end of the other tracking sliding column body, the polishing and shaping electrode protrudes outwards from the lower end portion of the tracking sliding column body along the length direction of the tracking sliding column body, the three hole walls are distributed in a triangular mode from a centering portion, and one end of each hole wall movably extends into the centering seat along the axial direction perpendicular to the centering seat and is movably hinged to the lower end of the centering shaft.

Wherein, three pore walls are respectively positioned on different horizontal planes from the centering part.

The hole wall self-centering portion comprises a centering sliding block and a centering roller, a U-shaped notch is formed in one end of the centering sliding block, centering inclined guide holes are formed in two ends of the U-shaped notch respectively, the centering roller is connected to the other end of the centering sliding block in a shaft mode, the axis of the centering roller is parallel to that of the centering seat, a centering pin shaft penetrates through the lower end of the centering shaft corresponding to each hole wall self-centering portion respectively, one end of the centering sliding block movably extends into the centering seat, and two ends of the centering pin shaft are embedded into the centering inclined guide holes in two ends of the U-shaped notch respectively in a corresponding mode.

The first sliding table mechanism comprises a base, a sliding table motor, a screw rod, a nut and a sliding plate, the base is fixed on the bottom plate, the sliding table motor is fixed at one end of the base, two ends of the screw rod are respectively connected to the base in a rotating mode, the bottom surface of the sliding plate is connected with the base in a sliding mode, the nut is connected to the screw rod in a threaded mode and fixedly connected with the sliding plate, and the electromagnetic chuck is fixed on the top surface of the sliding plate.

The second sliding table mechanism is a linear motor motion structure.

The lifting displacement mechanism comprises an electric push rod and a lifting frame, the electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever plate, the lifting frame is fixed on the output end of the electric push rod, and the reducing polishing and shaping head is fixed on the lifting frame; the lifting frame extends upwards to be provided with two guide posts, and the two guide posts respectively penetrate through the cantilever plate and are respectively matched with the cantilever plate through linear bearings.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the matching of the electromagnetic driving coil and the centering shaft to drive the three hole walls which are distributed in a triangular shape to extend outwards from the centering part and prop against the hole walls of the round holes, completes the centering work of the whole reducing grinding and shaping head to self-adapt to the round holes to be operated, ensures that the reducing grinding and shaping head is coaxial with the round holes, simultaneously drives the tracking ball wheel and the grinding and shaping electrode to respectively expand outwards to realize reducing, thereby synchronously completing the centering and reducing processes, further enabling the grinding and shaping electrode to be self-adaptive to match with the round holes with different specifications, then utilizes the grinding and shaping electrode to generate high-temperature electric arc to enable the scraps adhered at the inner edge of the round holes to be ground and removed and synchronously perform the chamfering and shaping treatment on the orifices of the round holes, greatly improves the grinding and shaping efficiency of the round holes on the valve cover.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the reducing sanding truing head of the present invention in a retracted state;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the reducing sanding truing head of the present invention in an extended position;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the reducing sanding truing head of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variable diameter grinding truing head of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: 1-a bottom plate; 2-a top plate; 3-a first slide table mechanism; 4-an electromagnetic chuck; 5-a second sliding table mechanism; 6-cantilever plate; 7-a lifting displacement mechanism; 8-grinding and shaping the head with variable diameter; 8 a-a connecting seat; 8 b-a motor mounting seat; 8 c-a rotary drive motor; 8 d-a rotating seat; 8 e-a centering shaft; 8 f-centering seat; 8 g-an electromagnetic drive coil; 8 h-tracking sliding shaft; 8 i-electrode reducing sliding block; 8i 1-diameter-changing inclined guide hole; 8 j-tracking slide; 8 k-hole wall self-centering part; 8k 1-centering slide block; 8k 11-centering slant guide hole; 8k 2-centering roller; 8 m-spring; 8 n-reducing pin shaft; 8 p-tracking ball wheel; 8 q-piezoelectric gap adjusting sheet; 8 r-polishing and shaping the electrode; 8 s-centering pin shaft.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the self-tracking diameter-changing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping a circular hole on a valve cover according to the embodiment includes a bottom plate 1, a top plate 2 fixed on the bottom plate 1 through four support columns, a first sliding table mechanism 3 arranged on the bottom plate 1, a U-shaped electromagnetic chuck 4 arranged at an output end of the first sliding table mechanism 3, a second sliding table mechanism 5 arranged on the top plate 2, a lifting displacement mechanism 7 mounted at an output end of the second sliding table mechanism 5 through a cantilever plate 6, and a diameter-changing polishing and shaping head 8 fixed at an output end of the lifting displacement mechanism 7;

the reducing polishing shaping head 8 comprises a connecting seat 8a, a motor mounting seat 8b, a rotary driving motor 8c, a rotating seat 8d, a centering shaft 8e, a centering seat 8f, an electromagnetic driving coil 8g, a tracking sliding shaft 8h, two L-shaped electrode reducing sliders 8i, two tracking sliding columns 8j and three hole wall self-centering portions 8k, wherein the connecting seat 8a is fixed at the output end of the lifting displacement mechanism 7, the electrode mounting seat is fixed on the connecting seat 8a, the rotary driving motor 8c is arranged in the motor mounting seat 8b, the upper end of the rotating seat 8d movably extends into the motor mounting seat 8b and is connected with the output end of the rotary driving motor 8c, the lower end of the rotating seat 8d is provided with a U-shaped groove with an opening facing towards and penetrating through the rotating seat 8d, the upper end of the centering seat 8f is fixed at the lower end of the rotating seat 8d, the electromagnetic drive coil 8g is embedded in the centering seat 8f, the lower end of the centering shaft 8e movably extends into the centering seat 8f and penetrates through a center hole of the electromagnetic drive coil 8g, the upper end of the centering shaft 8e extends into the U-shaped groove, the middle part of the tracking sliding shaft 8h is movably sleeved at the upper end of the centering shaft 8e, two ends of the tracking sliding shaft respectively penetrate out along the length direction of the U-shaped groove, the middle part of the tracking sliding shaft 8h is further connected with the rotating seat 8d through a spring 8m, the upper ends of two tracking sliding columns 8j are respectively movably sleeved at two ends of the tracking sliding shaft 8h correspondingly, the two electrode variable-diameter sliders 8i are arranged in central symmetry, the long arms of the two electrode variable-diameter sliders 8i respectively penetrate through the centering seat 8f along the axial direction perpendicular to the centering seat 8f, the long arms of the two electrode variable-diameter sliders 8i are respectively provided with variable-diameter oblique guide holes 8i1, a reducing pin shaft 8n is arranged on the fixed shaft 8e in a penetrating way, two ends of the reducing pin shaft 8n are respectively and correspondingly embedded into reducing inclined guide holes 8i1 of two electrode reducing slide blocks 8i, the lower ends of two tracking slide columns 8j respectively and correspondingly penetrate through the short arms of the two electrode reducing slide blocks 8i, a tracking ball wheel 8p is embedded in the lower end part of one of the tracking sliding columns 8j, a piezoelectric gap adjusting sheet 8q and a grinding and shaping electrode 8r are embedded in the lower end of the other tracking sliding column 8j, the grinding and shaping electrode 8r protrudes outwards from the lower end part of the tracking sliding column 8j along the length direction of the tracking sliding column 8j, three hole walls are distributed in a triangular shape from the centering part 8k, the hole wall movably extends into the centering seat 8f from one end of the centering portion 8k along the axial direction vertical to the centering seat 8f and is movably hinged with the lower end of the centering shaft 8 e.

In this embodiment, second slip table mechanism 5 is linear electric motor motion structure, and linear electric motor motion structure drives lift displacement mechanism 7 and reducing via cantilever plate 6 and polishes plastic head 8 along linear motion, realizes the position adjustment of reducing plastic head 8 of polishing to correspond the round hole on the valve gap, it is high, corresponding fast to remove the precision.

In this embodiment, the lifting displacement mechanism 7 comprises an electric push rod and a lifting frame, the electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever plate 6, the lifting frame is fixed on the output end of the electric push rod, and the reducing polishing and shaping head 8 is fixed on the lifting frame; during the in-service use, electric putter drive crane up-and-down motion, the crane drives the reducing plastic head 8 of polishing and reciprocates, realizes the reducing and polish plastic head 8 in the ascending position adjustment of direction of height. In this embodiment, the lifting frame extends upwards to form two guide posts, and the two guide posts respectively penetrate through the cantilever plate 6 and are respectively matched with the cantilever plate 6 through linear bearings; so set up for the elevator frame is more stable, reliable in the up-and-down motion process, and the reliable operation of the shaping head 8 of guaranteeing the reducing to polish.

The working mode of the embodiment is as follows: when the automatic polishing machine works, a valve cover to be polished and shaped is placed on the electromagnetic chuck 4, the electromagnetic chuck 4 adsorbs and positions the valve cover, then the first sliding table mechanism 3 drives the valve cover on the electromagnetic chuck 4 to move to the position below the reducing polishing and shaping head 8, then the second sliding table mechanism 5 drives the reducing polishing and shaping head 8 to move to the position right above the valve cover through the lifting and shifting mechanism 7, then the lifting and shifting mechanism 7 drives the reducing polishing and shaping head 8 to downwards probe towards a round hole on the valve cover, so that the centering seat 8f gradually extends into the round hole, three hole walls are in a contraction state from the centering part 8k until a tracking ball wheel 8p on the tracking sliding column 8j contacts the inner surface of the valve cover, and at the moment, the tracking sliding column 8j is acted by the valve cover to push the tracking sliding shaft 8h to slide in the U-shaped groove relative to the centering shaft 8e and compress a spring 8; after downward exploration is finished, the electromagnetic driving coil 8g drives the centering shaft 8e to move upwards, in the process of moving the centering shaft 8e upwards, the centering shaft 8e can simultaneously drive three hole walls to extend outwards from the centering part 8k relative to the centering seat 8f until the three hole walls contact with the hole walls of the round holes from the centering part 8k and push against the hole walls to finish centering of the reducing grinding shaping head 8, so that the reducing grinding shaping head 8 is coaxial, therefore, for the round holes with different hole diameters, the extending lengths of the three hole walls from the centering part 8k are different, the operation of the round holes with various specifications is adapted, meanwhile, a reducing pin shaft 8n on the centering shaft 8e is matched with reducing inclined guide holes 8i1 on two electrode reducing sliding blocks 8i, the two electrode reducing sliding blocks 8i are driven to extend outwards relative to the centering seat 8f, the two electrode reducing sliding blocks 8i respectively drive two tracking sliding columns 8j to slide and expand outwards relative to the tracking sliding shaft 8h, further completing simultaneous diameter change of the tracking ball wheel 8p and the grinding and shaping electrode 8 r; after the centering and diameter-changing processes are synchronously completed, the piezoelectric gap adjusting sheet 8q is electrified, and the height difference between the polishing and shaping electrode 8r and the tracking ball wheel 8p is adjusted so as to adjust the discharge gap in the polishing and shaping processes; after the gap adjustment is completed, the rotary driving motor 8c drives the centering seat 8f to rotate through the rotary seat 8d, the centering seat 8f simultaneously drives the tracking ball wheel 8p, the grinding and shaping electrode 8r and three hole walls to do rotary motion from the centering part 8k, in the rotating process, due to the action of the spring 8m, the tracking ball wheel 8p is always contacted with the inner surface of the valve cover, the height of the grinding and shaping electrode 8r is adjusted in real time through the tracking sliding shaft 8h, the grinding and shaping electrode 8r is ensured to keep constant distance with the hole edge at any position in any direction, so that automatic tracking is realized, in the rotating process, the grinding and shaping electrode 8r generates high-temperature electric arc in a micro gap between the grinding and shaping electrode and the hole edge, the acute angle part of the hole opening of the round hole is melted, the grinding and removing of the scraps adhered to the inner edge of the round hole on the valve cover are realized, and the orifice of the round hole is subjected, the piece is polished and is gone on in step with the plastic of drill way blunting promptly to the piece of accomplishing a round hole on the valve gap is polished and the drill way blunting is handled, then adjusts the position of valve gap at first slip table mechanism 3 and the position that 7 adjustment reducing of second slip table mechanism cooperation lift displacement mechanism polished the plastic head 8, polishes and the operation is handled to the piece of a round hole about the valve gap.

In the embodiment, the electromagnetic driving coil 8g is matched with the centering shaft 8e to drive three hole walls which are distributed in a triangular shape to extend outwards from the centering part 8k and prop against the hole walls of the round holes, so that the centering work of the whole reducing grinding reshaping head 8 is completed to be self-adaptive to the round holes to be operated, the reducing grinding reshaping head 8 is ensured to be coaxial with the round holes, simultaneously, the tracking ball wheel 8p and the polishing and shaping electrode 8r are driven to respectively expand outwards to realize diameter changing, thereby synchronously completing the centering and diameter-changing processes, further leading the polishing and shaping electrode 8r to be capable of being self-adaptively matched with round holes with different specifications, then utilize the shaping electrode 8r of polishing to produce high temperature electric arc and make the piece of the inner edge department adhesion of round hole polish and get rid of the operation and carry out the blunting plastic to the drill way of round hole and handle and reach and go on in step, improve the shaping efficiency of polishing of round hole on the valve closure greatly, and the precision is high, and the commonality is strong.

This embodiment still can be through adjusting discharge gap and electric current size, and then the size specification of accurate control drill way border blunting plastic, utilizes arc discharge energy density high and utilize the electrode shape to coincide with the drill way simultaneously for the drill way blunts evenly and no burr, and polishes plastic electrode 8r and is in the outage state before not adjusting in place, has avoided causing the damage to the valve gap.

In addition, this embodiment utilizes tracking sliding shaft 8h to pass through spring 8m and roating seat 8d elastic connection, the equal movable sleeve of two tracking sliding columns 8j locate on tracking sliding shaft 8h and the activity runs through the mutual linkage cooperation between electrode reducing slider 8i, tracking sliding shaft 8h activity cup joint on centering axle 8e, and then makes the plastic electrode 8r of polishing highly keep invariable between the inner edge of gyration in-process and round hole through tracking ball wheel 8p, guarantees the homogeneity of blunting plastic.

Based on the above embodiment, further, the three hole walls are respectively located on different horizontal planes from the centering portion 8 k; so set up, can increase the outward stroke that stretches out of three pore wall from centering portion 8k to the aperture scope that can adapt to the round hole is wide, and the commonality further strengthens.

Based on the above embodiment, further, the hole wall self-centering portion 8k includes a centering slider 8k1 and a centering roller 8k2, one end of the centering slider 8k1 is provided with a U-shaped notch, two ends of the U-shaped notch are respectively provided with a centering inclined guide hole 8k11, the centering roller 8k2 is coupled to the other end of the centering slider and the axis thereof is parallel to the axis of the centering seat 8f, the lower end of the centering shaft 8e is respectively penetrated with a centering pin shaft 8s from the centering portion 8k corresponding to each hole wall, one end of the centering slider 8k1 movably extends into the centering seat 8f, and two ends of the centering pin shaft 8s are respectively embedded into the centering inclined guide holes 8k11 at two ends of the U-shaped notch. When the hole wall extends outwards from the centering part 8k under the driving of the centering shaft 8e, a centering pin shaft 8s on the centering shaft 8e is matched with a centering inclined guide hole 8k11 on a centering slide block 8k1, the centering slide block 8k1 is driven to slide outwards relative to the centering seat 8f until a centering roller 8k2 on the end part of the centering slide block 8k1 contacts and props against the hole wall of the round hole, after the centering rollers 8k2 on the three hole wall self-centering parts 8k prop against the hole wall, the reducing grinding and shaping head 8 finishes centering, and in the rotating process, the centering roller 8k2 does circular motion along the hole wall of the round hole, and the centering roller 8k2 is adopted to contact with the hole wall, so that the hole wall of the round hole can be prevented from being damaged; when the hole wall is driven by the centering shaft 8e to retract inwards from the centering part 8k, the centering slide block 8k1 drives the centering roller 8k2 to retract gradually, so that the reducing grinding and shaping head 8 extends into the round hole.

Based on the basis of the above embodiment, further, the first sliding table mechanism 3 includes a base, a sliding table motor, a screw rod, a nut and a sliding plate, the base is fixed on the bottom plate 1, the sliding table motor is fixed at one end of the base, two ends of the screw rod are respectively rotatably connected to the base, the bottom surface of the sliding plate is slidably connected to the base, the nut is in threaded connection with the screw rod and is fixedly connected to the sliding plate, and the electromagnetic chuck 4 is fixed on the top surface of the sliding plate. Specifically, the bottom surface both sides of sliding plate are respectively through linear guide and sliding block cooperation sliding connection on the base, and the nut is fixed nestedly on a connecting block, and this connecting block is fixed in the bottom surface of sliding plate, so make the sliding plate more steady, reliable at the removal in-process.

During the in-service use, the slip table motor drives the sliding plate through screw drive nut and removes, and the sliding plate drives electromagnet 4 and removes to realize the adjustment of valve gap position, so that the round hole on the valve gap can be just right with reducing plastic head 8 of polishing on the elevating displacement mechanism 7.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present patent application are included in the protection scope of the present patent application.

Claims

1. A self-tracking reducing machining manipulator for polishing and shaping a circular hole in a valve cover is characterized by comprising a bottom plate (1), a top plate (2) fixed on the bottom plate (1) through four support columns, a first sliding table mechanism (3) arranged on the bottom plate (1), an electromagnetic sucker (4) which is arranged on the output end of the first sliding table mechanism (3) and is U-shaped, a second sliding table mechanism (5) arranged on the top plate (2), a lifting displacement mechanism (7) arranged on the output end of the second sliding table mechanism (5) through a cantilever plate (6), and a reducing polishing and shaping head (8) fixed on the output end of the lifting displacement mechanism (7);

the reducing polishing shaping head (8) comprises a connecting seat (8 a), a motor mounting seat (8 b), a rotary driving motor (8 c), a rotating seat (8 d), a centering shaft (8 e), a centering seat (8 f), an electromagnetic driving coil (8 g), a tracking sliding shaft (8 h), two L-shaped electrode reducing sliders (8 i), two tracking sliding columns (8 j) and three hole wall self-centering portions (8 k), wherein the connecting seat (8 a) is fixed at the output end of a lifting displacement mechanism (7), the electrode mounting seat is fixed on the connecting seat (8 a), the rotary driving motor (8 c) is installed in the motor mounting seat (8 b), the upper end of the rotating seat (8 d) movably extends into the motor mounting seat (8 b) and is connected with the output end of the rotary driving motor (8 c), the lower end of the rotating seat (8 d) is provided with a U-shaped groove with an opening facing towards and penetrating through the rotating seat (8 d), the upper end of the centering seat (8 f) is fixed at the lower end of the rotating seat (8 d), the electromagnetic drive coil (8 g) is embedded in the centering seat (8 f), the lower end of the centering shaft (8 e) movably extends into the centering seat (8 f) and penetrates through a center hole of the electromagnetic drive coil (8 g), the upper end of the centering shaft (8 e) extends into the U-shaped groove, the middle of the tracking sliding shaft (8 h) is movably sleeved at the upper end of the centering shaft (8 e), two ends of the tracking sliding shaft respectively penetrate out along the length direction of the U-shaped groove, the middle of the tracking sliding shaft (8 h) is further connected with the rotating seat (8 d) through a spring (8 m), the upper ends of two tracking sliding columns (8 j) are respectively movably sleeved at two ends of the tracking sliding shaft (8 h) correspondingly, the two electrode variable-diameter sliding blocks (8 i) are arranged in a central symmetry manner, and long arms of the two electrode variable-diameter sliding blocks (8 i) penetrate through the rotating seat (8 f) along the axial direction perpendicular to the centering seat (8 f) The electrode tracking device comprises a centering seat (8 f), the long arms of two electrode reducing sliding blocks (8 i) are provided with reducing inclined guide holes (8 i 1), a reducing pin shaft (8 n) penetrates through the centering shaft (8 e), two ends of the reducing pin shaft (8 n) are respectively and correspondingly embedded into the reducing inclined guide holes (8 i 1) of the two electrode reducing sliding blocks (8 i), the lower ends of two tracking sliding columns (8 j) respectively and movably penetrate through the short arms of the two electrode reducing sliding blocks (8 i), the end part of the lower end of one tracking sliding column (8 j) is embedded with a tracking ball wheel (8 p), the lower end of the other tracking sliding column (8 j) is embedded with a piezoelectric gap adjusting sheet (8 q) and a polishing shaping electrode (8 r), and the polishing shaping electrode (8 r) protrudes outwards from the end part of the lower end part of the tracking sliding column (8 j) along the length direction of the tracking sliding column (8 j), the three hole walls are distributed in a triangular mode from the centering portion (8 k), and the hole walls movably extend into the centering seat (8 f) from one end of the centering portion (8 k) along the axial direction perpendicular to the centering seat (8 f) and are movably hinged to the lower end of the centering shaft (8 e).

2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the three hole walls are located on different horizontal planes from the centering portion (8 k).

3. The self-tracking reducing machining machine for grinding and shaping the circular hole on the valve cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hole wall self-centering part (8 k) comprises a centering slide block (8 k 1) and a centering roller (8 k 2), one end of the centering slide block (8 k 1) is provided with a U-shaped notch, two ends of the U-shaped notch are respectively provided with a centering inclined guide hole (8 k 11), the centering roller (8 k 2) is coupled on the other end of the orientation slide block and the axis of the centering roller is parallel to the axis of the centering seat (8 f), a centering pin shaft (8 s) respectively penetrates through the lower end of the centering shaft (8 e) from the centering part (8 k) corresponding to each hole wall, one end of the centering slide block (8 k 1) movably extends into the centering seat (8 f), and two ends of the centering pin shaft (8 s) are correspondingly embedded into the centering inclined guide holes (8 k 11) at two ends of the U-shaped notch respectively.

4. The self-tracking reducing processing machine for polishing and shaping the circular hole on the valve cover according to claim 1, wherein the first sliding table mechanism (3) comprises a base, a sliding table motor, a screw rod, a nut and a sliding plate, the base is fixed on the bottom plate (1), the sliding table motor is fixed at one end of the base, two ends of the screw rod are respectively and rotatably connected to the base, the bottom surface of the sliding plate is slidably connected to the base, the nut is in threaded connection with the screw rod and is fixedly connected to the sliding plate, and the electromagnetic chuck (4) is fixed on the top surface of the sliding plate.

5. The self-tracking reducing machining machine for grinding and shaping the circular hole in the valve cover according to claim 1, wherein the second sliding table mechanism (5) is a linear motor moving structure.

6. The self-tracking reducing machining machine for grinding and shaping the circular hole in the valve cover according to claim 1, wherein the lifting and displacing mechanism (7) comprises an electric push rod and a lifting frame, the electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever plate (6), the lifting frame is fixed on the output end of the electric push rod, and the reducing grinding and shaping head (8) is fixed on the lifting frame; the lifting frame extends upwards to be provided with two guide posts, and the two guide posts respectively penetrate through the cantilever plate (6) and are respectively matched with the cantilever plate (6) through linear bearings.

7. The self-tracking reducing machining machine for grinding and shaping the circular hole in the valve cover according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the lifting and displacing mechanism (7) comprises an electric push rod and a lifting frame, the electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever plate (6), the lifting frame is fixed on the output end of the electric push rod, and the reducing grinding and shaping head (8) is fixed on the lifting frame; the lifting frame extends upwards to be provided with two guide posts, and the two guide posts respectively penetrate through the cantilever plate (6) and are respectively matched with the cantilever plate (6) through linear bearings.

8. The self-tracking reducing machining machine for grinding and shaping the circular hole in the valve cover according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the lifting and displacing mechanism (7) comprises an electric push rod and a lifting frame, the electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever plate (6), the lifting frame is fixed on the output end of the electric push rod, and the reducing grinding and shaping head (8) is fixed on the lifting frame; the lifting frame extends upwards to be provided with two guide posts, and the two guide posts respectively penetrate through the cantilever plate (6) and are respectively matched with the cantilever plate (6) through linear bearings.