CN111328633A - Agaricus bisporus casing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Agaricus bisporus casing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The application discloses an agaricus bisporus casing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking granular beet pulp in clear water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, and taking the beet pulp as a raw material; taking the soil of a plough layer 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, and carrying out insolation and impurity removal treatment to obtain a raw material of the garden soil; soaking clean chaff in lime water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, stacking overnight, mixing with urea water, and continuing composting fermentation to obtain chaff raw material; and uniformly mixing the beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material, sterilizing, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer. According to the application, beet pulp and field soil which are processed into particles are mixed to be used as main substrates in the agaricus bisporus casing materials, and traditional turfy soil and river mud rice chaff are replaced, so that the yield and the quality of agaricus bisporus are improved, the agaricus bisporus casing materials are suitable for production of different cultivation modes in all regions of the country, and the development of edible fungus circular economy is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a covering soil material for cultivating agaricus bisporus by mixing beet pulp and garden soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Agaricus bisporus (also called mushroom and Agaricus bisporus) is the edible mushroom which has the widest cultivation area, the largest production scale and the largest yield in the world at present, is rich in nutrition, delicious and tasty and is a nutritional food with high protein, low fat and low energy. But also is a green health food which is rich in various ammonia mineral substances, nucleotide, trace elements, vitamins and various amino acids, has extremely high nutritive value and is popular with consumers at home and abroad.
The covering soil plays an important role in the cultivation process of the agaricus bisporus, is a necessary link for the agaricus bisporus sporocarp to change from vegetative growth to growth, and is an important material basis for the agaricus bisporus cultivation. The agaricus bisporus has the characteristic of no earthing and no fruiting, mainly because a specific physical structure, chemical substances and microbial communities in the earthing material play an important role in forming fruiting bodies, and meanwhile, the composition and the difference of physicochemical properties of the earthing material are important factors influencing the yield, the quality, the fruiting uniformity and the fruiting time of the agaricus bisporus.
Currently, soil covering materials used in various regions in China include turfy soil, river soil, field soil, rice husks, rice chaffs and the like. Among them, peatmoss is the best earth covering material for cultivating agaricus bisporus because of its good aggregate structure, loose and air permeable, and no hardening, and is very common in industrialized cultivation in the developed western countries. However, the turfy soil is a non-renewable resource and expensive, so that the production cost of enterprises is increased on one hand when the turfy soil is excessively used in growth, and certain damage is caused to the sustainable utilization of the turfy soil on the other hand. In most domestic areas, two soil covering materials, namely mixed soil and river mud rice chaff, are generally adopted to replace turfy soil, but the mixed soil has low water content and poor water retention; the manufacturing labor intensity of the rice hull is high, the porosity is small, and the risk of germ infection is high. Therefore, under the existing conditions of China, how to utilize agricultural wastes to replace turfy soil to be applied to agaricus bisporus production aims at improving the yield and quality of agaricus bisporus, a novel earthing material which is rich in resources, convenient to manufacture and transport, strong in water retention and good in air permeability is found, and the novel earthing material has great popularization and application values, and has profound significance for reducing environmental pollution and preventing resource waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a covering soil matrix mixed by beet pulp and garden soil and a preparation method thereof. The beet pulp and the field soil which are processed into particles are mixed to be used as a main matrix in the agaricus bisporus casing material to replace the traditional turfy soil and river mud rice chaff, thereby improving the yield and the quality of the agaricus bisporus, being suitable for the production of the agaricus bisporus in different cultivation modes in all regions of the country and promoting the development of the edible fungi circular economy.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing material comprises the following steps:
soaking granular beet pulp in clear water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, and taking the beet pulp as a raw material;
taking the soil of a plough layer 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, and carrying out insolation and impurity removal treatment to obtain a raw material of the garden soil;
soaking clean chaff in lime water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, piling overnight, mixing with urea, and continuing composting fermentation to obtain chaff raw material;
and uniformly mixing the beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material, sterilizing, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer.
In all raw materials for preparing the agaricus bisporus casing material, except part of garden soil without cost, beet leaves and chaff not only have the function of increasing the water retention and the air permeability of the casing material, but also provide nutrition for the growth of agaricus bisporus. Experiments prove that the beet pulp is added into the soil covering material, so that the water retention and the air permeability of the soil covering material can be effectively improved, and the yield and the quality of the agaricus bisporus can be improved.
Several alternatives are provided below, but not as an additional limitation to the above general solution, but merely as a further addition or preference, each alternative being combinable individually for the above general solution or among several alternatives without technical or logical contradictions.
Optionally, the steps of preparing the beet pulp raw material comprise: the soaking time is 20-25 hours; the weight of water absorbed by the beet pulp is 3-4 times of the weight of the original beet pulp.
Optionally, the step of preparing the raw material of the garden soil comprises: after digging out the garden soil, insolating until the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent; removing impurities, and grinding into fine particles.
Optionally, the step of preparing the chaff raw material comprises: preparing lime accounting for 3% -5% of dry weight of the clean chaff into lime water, and soaking the clean chaff; the soaking time is 20-25 hours. Further, the soaking time was 24 hours. The lime refers to calcium oxide of quicklime.
Optionally, the step of preparing the chaff raw material comprises: the overnight accumulation period before mixing with urea is generally 24 hours or more.
Optionally, the step of preparing the chaff raw material comprises: the addition amount of the urea is 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean chaff; and (3) preparing the urea into a urea aqueous solution, and uniformly spraying the urea aqueous solution into the stacked chaff after being stacked overnight. The mass percentage concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 7% -9%, and further 8%.
Optionally, in the step of composting and fermenting for preparing the chaff raw material: and (3) continuously fermenting for 30-40 hours after the central temperature of the compost reaches 65-70 ℃, turning the compost, and repeating for several times until the fermentation is completely finished.
The judgment criteria for the completion of fermentation are generally: the fermented casing soil material is generally coffee or tan, has no sharp air temperature, and is soft.
Optionally, the beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material are mixed according to the following mixture ratio by weight percent:
30-50% of beet pulp raw material;
40 to 65 percent of raw material of the garden soil;
5 to 10 percent of chaff raw material.
Further, the mixture ratio is as follows (weight percentage):
30-35% of beet pulp raw material;
60% -65% of raw materials of the garden soil;
5 to 10 percent of chaff raw material.
Furthermore, the mixture ratio (weight percentage) is as follows: 30% of beet pulp; 62% of garden soil; 8 percent of rice husk.
Optionally, in the step of adjusting the water content: adding water to regulate the humidity to 55-65 percent of water content.
Optionally, the step of adjusting the pH value comprises: adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.0. Lime can be added to adjust the pH value, and the addition amount of the lime is about 1-2% of the weight of the mixture.
The application also provides the agaricus bisporus casing material prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the main raw material of the agaricus bisporus casing material is beet pulp which has larger saturated water content and porosity, has good air permeability, is convenient to store and transport, and is particularly suitable for various regions in China;
(2) the cost of the used garden soil and the rice husks is lower, wherein the rice husks are used as byproducts of the processing of main agricultural products, so that the pollution to the environment can be reduced while nutrition required by the growth of the agaricus bisporus is provided;
(3) the yield and quality of the agaricus bisporus can be effectively improved by using the agaricus bisporus casing material, and experiments prove that the yield can be increased by 13.6 percent compared with the traditional turfy soil casing and can be increased by 54.3 percent compared with the garden soil and the chaff;
(4) the production and the manufacture are simple, the labor input is reduced, the production cost can be effectively reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
The material beet pulp of the covering soil of the agaricus bisporus is prepared by crushing and leaching residues (agricultural wastes) of beet tuberous roots by a double-screw (or single-screw) presser and then drying the crushed beet residues to prepare dried beet in the sugar production process of the beet, wherein the moisture content of the beet pulp is less than or equal to 12 percent, and each hundred grams of beet leaves contain 1.38g of crude protein, 2.87g of cellulose, 2.14mg of carotene, 164mg of potassium and 76.0mg of calcium, and also contain rich vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, iron, zinc, selenium and other elements. The agaricus bisporus casing material has loose texture, permeability and enhanced water holding performance, and completely meets the basic requirements of the agaricus bisporus casing material. The granular beet pulp required by the application has the particle diameter of 6-10 mm; the length of the granular dregs is 1.5-2.5 cm.
The garden soil is also called vegetable garden soil, is common cultivation soil, is high in fertility and good in aggregate structure due to frequent fertilization and cultivation, is taken from a cultivation layer soil 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, has a good aggregate structure, contains abundant humus, is good in physical performance, and is suitable for being used as an agaricus bisporus casing soil material. Before being used for preparing culture soil, the culture soil needs to be exposed in the sun, and then refined and decontaminated.
The husk is a byproduct of rice processing. The chaff has light volume weight and good air permeability, and the addition of a small amount of chaff into the beet pulp can increase the crude fiber in the covering material. Meanwhile, the chaff has good toughness and porosity, and the air permeability of the covering material is improved. Meanwhile, the rice husk is rich in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and provides nutrition for the growth and development of the agaricus bisporus.
Besides part of the garden soil without cost, the beet pulp and the chaff not only have the function of increasing the water retention and the air permeability of the covering material, but also provide nutrition for the growth of the agaricus bisporus. Experiments prove that the beet pulp is added into the soil covering material, so that the water retention and the air permeability of the soil covering material can be effectively improved, and the yield and the quality of the agaricus bisporus can be improved.
The application comprises the following steps of: preparing lime (calcium oxide) which accounts for 3% -5% of the dry weight of the clean chaff into lime water, and soaking the clean chaff; the soaking time is 20-25 hours. Used for adjusting the pH value of the casing material.
Urea is an organic compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, also known as urea (homophonic with urine). Its chemical formula is CON2H4、(NH2)2CO or CN2H4O, molecular mass 60, is commonly used as nitrogen fertilizer for plants. The urea is added in the application, mainly used for supplementing a nitrogen source and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and simultaneously plays a certain role in accelerating fermentation. In the step of preparing the husk raw material, the addition amount of urea is 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean husk; and (3) preparing the urea into a urea aqueous solution, and uniformly spraying the urea aqueous solution into the stacked chaff after being stacked overnight. The urea solution is urea aqueous solution, and the concentration of the urea aqueous solution is the mass percentage concentration of urea, namely the ratio of the mass of the urea in the urea aqueous solution to the total mass of the urea aqueous solution is 7-9%. The concentration of the solution is expressed by mass percentage concentration expressed by the mass percentage of the solute to the total solution mass and is expressed by symbol%; for example, the mass percentage concentration of the urea solution of 7-9% means that the mass percentage of urea in the urea solution to the total mass of the lime water is 7-9%.
Carbendazim is also known as cotton carboxin, benzimidazole number 44, chemical name is N- (2-benzimidazolyl) -carbamic acid methyl ester. Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum bactericide and has control effect on diseases of various crops caused by fungi (such as adelomycetes and ascomycetes). Can be used for foliar spray, seed treatment, soil treatment and the like. The 0.1% carbendazim means that the mass percentage of the carbendazim in the aqueous solution of the carbendazim is 0.1%.
The materials are mixed and then the pH value is adjusted by lime, the lime is an air-hardening inorganic cementing material taking calcium oxide as a main component, and the lime has strong alkalinity, so the pH value of the agaricus bisporus casing material can be adjusted by the lime.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing beet pulp raw materials: soaking granular beet pulp in clear water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, and taking the beet pulp as a raw material.
The steps for preparing the beet pulp raw material are as follows: the soaking time is 20-25 hours; the weight of water absorbed by the beet pulp is 3-4 times of the weight of the original beet pulp.
A specific operation process comprises the following steps: soaking the beet pulp (the water content is lower than 12%) which is processed into particles in clear water for 24 hours, wherein the water absorption capacity of the beet pulp is about 3-4 times of the weight of the beet pulp, so that the clear water is at least 3-4 times of the weight of the beet pulp, and fishing out and draining for later use after absorbing enough water.
(2) Preparing a raw material of the garden soil: taking the soil of a plough layer 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, and carrying out insolation and impurity removal treatment to obtain the raw material of the garden soil.
Further, the step of preparing the raw material of the garden soil comprises: after digging out the garden soil, insolating until the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent; removing impurities, and grinding into fine particles.
One specific operation process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of taking garden soil from plough layer soil 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, digging out the garden soil, exposing the garden soil for 2 days, and grinding the garden soil into fine particles for later use, wherein the water content of the garden soil is less than or equal to 25 percent after the garden soil is dug out, and the garden soil is subjected to impurity removal and then is ground into fine particles.
(3) Preparing a husk raw material: soaking clean chaff in lime water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, piling overnight, mixing with urea water, and continuing composting fermentation to obtain the raw material of chaff.
The steps of preparing the chaff raw material are as follows: preparing lime accounting for 3% -5% of dry weight of the clean chaff into lime water, and soaking the clean chaff for 20-25 hours. Further, the soaking time was 24 hours.
The overnight accumulation period before mixing with urea is generally 24 hours or more. The addition amount of the urea is 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean chaff; the urea is prepared into urea aqueous solution which is uniformly sprayed in the chaff piled materials after being piled overnight. The mass percentage concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 7% -9%, and further 8%.
And (3) continuously fermenting for 30-40 hours after the central temperature of the compost reaches 65-70 ℃, turning the compost, and repeating for several times until the fermentation is completely finished. The fermented casing soil material is generally coffee or tan, has no sharp air temperature, and is soft.
The water content of the chaff is about 12%, the chaff is fished out after being soaked in water, urea is added for fermentation, the water content is about 60-65% after the fermentation is completed, and if the water content of the chaff is not enough, water can be properly added in the fermentation process.
A specific mode of operation:
taking clean chaff, soaking the chaff in 4% clear lime water for 24 hours, fishing out and draining, stacking and placing for more than 24 hours, preparing urea water with the mass percentage concentration of 8% by urea accounting for 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean chaff, uniformly scattering the urea water on a stacking material, turning the stacking material when the central temperature of the stacking material reaches 65-70 ℃, continuing for 36 hours, turning the stacking material again when the central temperature of the stacking material reaches 65-70 ℃, and repeating for several times until fermentation is completely finished for later use.
(4) Mixing beet pulp raw material, garden soil raw material and chaff raw material, sterilizing, and adjusting water content and pH value.
0.1 percent of carbendazim is adopted for disinfection and sterilization; adjusting the water content by adding water to adjust the humidity until the water content is 60-65%; adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.0 by lime.
The beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material are mixed according to the following proportion by weight percentage:
30-50% of beet pulp raw material;
40-65% of a garden soil raw material;
5-10% of husk raw material.
The following comparative tests of agaricus bisporus casing materials mainly comprising beet pulp and a control turfy soil are carried out:
1. content of the experiment
The soil covering material test is provided with 5 treatments, which respectively comprise (1) turfy soil (100 percent), (2) garden soil (90 percent), + chaff (10 percent), + lime (3 percent to 5 percent), + urea (1 percent to 2 percent), (3) beet pulp (50 percent), + garden soil (50 percent), (4) beet pulp (92 percent), + chaff (8 percent), + lime (3 percent to 5 percent), + urea (1 percent to 2 percent), (5) beet pulp (30 percent), + garden soil (62 percent), + chaff (8 percent), + lime (3 percent to 5 percent) + urea (1 percent to 2 percent), and the area of a small area is 1m × 1m2Each treatment was repeated 3 times; examinationThe inspection content comprises the following steps: (1) indexes such as volume weight, water holding capacity and porosity of different processed covering soil materials; (2) the conductivity and yield conditions of the casing material are treated differently.
The description is as follows:
the raw materials used in experimental groups (2), (3), (4) and (5) were the raw materials treated by the method of the present application, i.e., the field soil, beet pulp and chaff;
the lime (3% -5%) in the experimental groups (2), (4) and (5) means that the addition amount of lime in the step of preparing the husk raw material is 3-5% of the dry weight of the clean husk.
The urea (1-2%) in the experimental groups (2), (4) and (5) means that the weight of urea in the urea water sprayed in the step of preparing the chaff raw material accounts for 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean chaff, namely, the urea with the dry weight of 1-2% of the clean chaff is prepared into urea water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 8% and then uniformly sprayed.
The percentages in parentheses after the raw materials of the garden soil, beet pulp and chaff used in the experimental groups (2), (4) and (5) are all by weight. For all experimental groups, lime (3-5%) and urea (1-2%) are used in the preparation step of the raw materials for preparing the chaff, and the proportion of the components is not included in the final raw material mixing, taking the group (2) as an example: lime (3-5%) and urea (1-2%) are used in the preparation step of the chaff raw material, and when the covering soil material is finally compounded, 90% of the prepared field soil raw material and 10% of the prepared chaff raw material are taken according to the weight percentage, and the total weight is 100%. And analogizing the ratio explanation in the experimental groups (4) and (5).
For experimental group (1): namely, all the raw materials are peat soil (100%); for the experimental group (3) 50% each of beet pulp and field soil.
The main components of the limes in the experimental groups (1) to (5) are quicklime.
2. Test method
The tests were performed between 2018 and 2019, months 9 and 4. The test cells are randomly arranged on the bed frames at different levels of the mushroom house, and each cell is 1m2Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3.5 cm; and managing according to a conventional cultivation method.
3. Test results
(1) Physicochemical Properties of different treatments
Researches show that the water retention rate of the soil covering material is a primary factor influencing the yield of the agaricus bisporus, the water content of the sporocarp of the agaricus bisporus is generally about 80-90%, and the water mainly comes from the soil covering material and the culture material, so that the water retention rate is a primary condition for evaluating the quality of the soil covering material. As can be seen from table 1, in the five treatments, the water holding capacity and porosity of the beet pulp and the chaff are significantly higher than those of other treatments, which are 250.8% and 46.9% higher than those of the garden soil and the chaff used in the traditional cultivation respectively; the volume weight of the fertilizer is 212.4 percent and 30.9 percent higher than that of the peat soil of the edible fungi cultivated in factories respectively, but the volume weight is opposite. The water holding rate and porosity of the two treatments of the beet pulp, the garden soil and the chaff are also obviously higher than those of two covering materials of common turfy soil, garden soil and the chaff. Therefore, the water holding rate and the porosity are increased along with the increase of the content of the beet pulp, the volume weight is reduced along with the increase of the content of the beet pulp, and the beet pulp with high water holding capacity is very suitable to be used as the casing material of the agaricus bisporus from the viewpoint of physicochemical property.
From the aspect of conductivity, the conductivity of the beet pulp, the garden soil and the chaff is 1289.9Ms/cm, the conductivity of the beet pulp and the garden soil is 1236.4Ms/cm, the conductivity of the beet pulp and the chaff is 1024.4Ms/cm, the conductivity of the peatmoss is 986.6Ms/cm, and the conductivity of the garden soil and the chaff is 636.5 Ms/cm. Statistical analysis shows that the processing of adding the beet pulp is obviously higher than that of turfy soil, garden soil and chaff; the difference between the two treatments of the beet pulp, the garden soil and the chaff and between the two treatments of the beet pulp and the garden soil is not obvious, but the two treatments are obviously higher than the two treatments of the beet pulp and the chaff. The soil covering material formed by the beet pulp, the garden soil and the chaff has certain interaction and synergy in the aspect of conductivity.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of different casing materials
Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation of 3 replicates
(2) Yield comparison of different processes
The different casing materials have certain difference to the yield of the agaricus bisporus, and as can be seen from table 2, the yield of the beet pulp, the garden soil, the chaff, the beet pulp, the garden soil, the beet pulp and the chaff is the highest, and is 17.36kg/m2、17.15 kg/m2And 15.82kg/m2Are respectively 1.85kg/m higher than the turfy soil2、1.64kg/m2And 0.31kg/m26.11kg/m higher than the field soil and the rice husk2、5.9kg/m2And 4.57kg/m2. The result shows that the addition of the beet pulp has obvious effect on improving the yield of the agaricus bisporus.
TABLE 2 yield of Agaricus bisporus after different casing materials
Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation of 3 replicates
The preparation process of the agaricus bisporus casing material of the present application is specifically described in the following examples:
example 1
The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material
(1) Preparing beet pulp raw materials: and (3) soaking the beet pulp (the water content is lower than 12%) which is processed into particles in clear water for 24 hours, wherein the water absorption capacity of the beet leaves is about 3-4 times of the weight of the beet pulp, and fishing out and draining for later use after absorbing enough water.
(2) Preparing a raw material of the garden soil: taking garden soil from a plough layer soil 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, digging out the garden soil, insolating for 2 days, and removing impurities, and then rolling into fine particles for later use, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 25%;
(3) preparing a husk raw material: taking clean chaff, preparing lime accounting for 4% of dry weight of the clean chaff into lime water, soaking the clean chaff for 24 hours, fishing out, draining, stacking and placing for more than 24 hours, uniformly spraying 8% urea water, enabling the temperature to reach 65-70 ℃, keeping for 36 hours, turning over the stack, repeating for several times until fermentation is completely finished for later use;
(4) uniformly mixing 30% of beet pulp, 62% of field soil and 8% of chaff according to the weight percentage, adding 0.1% of carbendazim for disinfection, adding water for humidifying to 60% of water content, and then adjusting the pH value to 7.8 by lime to obtain the covering material of the agaricus bisporus.
Example 2
The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material.
(1) The preparation method of three raw materials of beet pulp, garden soil and chaff is the same as that of the example 1;
(2) uniformly mixing the beet pulp 45%, the garden soil 45% and the chaff 10% (weight percentage), adding 0.1% of carbendazim for disinfection, adding water for humidifying to 60% of water content, and then adjusting the pH value to 7.6 by using lime to obtain the agaricus bisporus casing material.
Example 3
The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material.
(1) The preparation method of three raw materials of beet pulp, garden soil and chaff is the same as that of the example 1;
(2) uniformly mixing the beet pulp, the garden soil and the chaff according to the proportion (weight percentage) of 47.5 percent, 47.5 percent and 5 percent of the chaff, adding 0.1 percent of carbendazim for disinfection, adding water for humidifying to 55-65 percent of water content, and then adjusting the pH value to 7.8 by using lime to obtain the covering material of the agaricus bisporus.
Example 4
The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material.
(1) The preparation method of two raw materials of beet leaves and garden soil is the same as that of example 1;
(2) uniformly mixing the mixture according to the weight percentage of 50% of beet pulp and 50% of garden soil, adding 0.1% of carbendazim for disinfection, adding water for humidifying to 55-65% of water content, and then adjusting the pH value to 7.8 by using lime to obtain the agaricus bisporus casing material.
Example 5
The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material.
(1) The preparation method of three raw materials of beet pulp, garden soil and chaff is the same as that of the example 1;
(2) uniformly mixing 30% of beet pulp, 60% of field soil and 10% of chaff according to the weight percentage, adding 0.1% of carbendazim for disinfection, adding water for humidifying to 55-65% of water content, and then adjusting the pH value to 7.8 by using lime to obtain the agaricus bisporus casing material.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking granular beet pulp in clear water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, and taking the beet pulp as a raw material;
taking the soil of a plough layer 15-18 cm away from the ground surface, and carrying out insolation and impurity removal treatment to obtain a raw material of the garden soil;
soaking clean chaff in lime water, taking out after absorbing enough water, draining, piling overnight, mixing with urea, and continuing composting fermentation to obtain chaff raw material;
and uniformly mixing the beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material, sterilizing, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the beet pulp raw material comprises: the soaking time is 20-25 hours; the weight of water absorbed by the beet pulp is 3-4 times of the weight of the original beet pulp.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the raw material for the field soil comprises: after digging out the garden soil, insolating until the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent; removing impurities, and grinding into fine particles.
4. The method for preparing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the chaff raw material comprises:
preparing lime accounting for 3% -5% of dry weight of the clean chaff into lime water, and soaking the clean chaff; the soaking time is 20-25 hours.
5. The method for preparing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the chaff raw material comprises: the addition amount of the urea is 1-2% of the dry weight of the clean chaff; and (3) preparing the urea into a urea aqueous solution, and uniformly spraying the urea aqueous solution into the stacked chaff after being stacked overnight.
6. The method for producing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of compost fermentation for producing chaff raw material: and (3) continuously fermenting for 30-40 hours after the central temperature of the compost reaches 65-70 ℃, turning the compost, and repeating for several times until the fermentation is completely finished.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the beet pulp raw material, the garden soil raw material and the chaff raw material are mixed according to the following weight percentage:
30-50% of beet pulp raw material;
40 to 65 percent of raw material of the garden soil;
5 to 10 percent of chaff raw material.
8. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the water content comprises: adding water to regulate the moisture content to 55-65%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the pH comprises: adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.0.
10. The agaricus bisporus casing material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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