CN111286566B - Method for improving crushing performance of FeV80 alloy - Google Patents
Method for improving crushing performance of FeV80 alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111286566B CN111286566B CN202010108353.9A CN202010108353A CN111286566B CN 111286566 B CN111286566 B CN 111286566B CN 202010108353 A CN202010108353 A CN 202010108353A CN 111286566 B CN111286566 B CN 111286566B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/08—Cooling slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the crushing performance of a FeV80 alloy, which belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and comprises the steps of smelting, cooling and crushing, wherein the cooling comprises the following steps: a, standing and cooling molten slag gold prepared by smelting until the alloy is in a semi-solidification state, and then separating smelting waste slag and the alloy; b, performing sand blasting treatment on the semi-solidified alloy, and then performing vibration cooling until the alloy is completely solidified; c, water quenching the alloy to normal temperature. On the basis of the traditional cooling and crushing process, the method changes the internal crystal form in the FeV80 alloy solidification process by increasing the vibration operation, reduces the unit alloy fine powder generation amount, and reduces the alloy component segregation, thereby effectively improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy and improving the primary qualified rate of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for improving the crushing performance of a FeV80 alloy.
Background
As a vanadium-containing intermediate alloy which is most widely applied in the steel industry, the ferrovanadium alloy mainly takes vanadium oxide as a raw material and is produced by adopting a one-step ferrovanadium smelting process of a straight cylinder furnace or a multi-stage ferrovanadium smelting process of a tilting furnace, a slag-metal mixed phase with smelting slag as an upper layer and molten metal as a lower layer is obtained after the reaction is finished, and the alloy with qualified components can be obtained after the furnace is cooled and split and crushed.
CN104532105A discloses a method for producing ferrovanadium by an electro-aluminothermic process of a large-scale tilting furnace, which adopts a technology combining multi-stage smelting and stepped aluminum distribution, most of slag is removed after the content of vanadium in the slag is reduced to a certain level, then repeated operations of multi-stage feeding and slag discharging are carried out, and the ferrovanadium is obtained after the last stage smelting, the ferrovanadium is simultaneously discharged out and cast into an ingot mold and cooled. CN106282564A discloses a blowing refining method for smelting ferrovanadium, which comprises blowing part of aluminum powder required in the smelting of the furnace into a rotating smelting furnace body through a spray gun at the last stage of smelting in a refining agent mode for blowing refining operation, and after the refining is finished, standing and cooling the furnace body, water quenching an alloy cake and crushing to obtain the ferrovanadium. CN106011601A discloses an external refining method for smelting ferrovanadium, which comprises two-stage electric furnace smelting, casting the primary molten alloy after slag discharge into an ingot mould filled with a refining material for mixing reaction after the smelting is finished, carrying out external refining, and naturally cooling when the content of total vanadium in slag is less than 1.50% to prepare ferrovanadium.
Although the existing ferrovanadium alloy production process can prepare ferrovanadium alloy, the problem of poor alloy crushing performance exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing FeV80 alloy has poor crushing performance.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is to provide a method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, which comprises the steps of smelting, cooling and crushing, wherein the cooling comprises the following steps:
a, standing and cooling molten slag gold prepared by smelting until the alloy is in a semi-solidification state, and then separating smelting waste slag and the alloy;
b, performing sand blasting treatment on the semi-solidified alloy, and then performing vibration cooling until the alloy is completely solidified;
c, quenching the alloy to normal temperature;
in the step b, the vibration frequency is 5-20 Hz, the vibration amplitude is 0.5-1.5 cm, the vibration cooling adopts a mode of alternately vibrating and standing, and the ratio of the vibration time to the standing time is 1: 4 to 8.
In the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, the relation between the total cooling time and the weight of the molten slag gold is that the cooling time per ton of slag gold is 0.6-1 h.
In the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, in the step a, the diameter-height ratio of the alloy is 4-8: 1.
in the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, in the step a, the relationship between the standing and cooling time and the weight of the molten slag gold is that the cooling time per ton of slag gold is 0.3-0.8 h.
In the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, in the step a, the surface temperature of an iron outer sheath of the smelting equipment is 100-200 ℃ when the alloy is in a semi-solidified state.
In the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, the relationship between the vibration cooling time and the weight of the molten slag gold is that the cooling time per ton of slag gold is 0.2-0.4 h.
In the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, the cooled alloy is crushed by a mechanical crushing device in a grading way, and the cooled alloy is sieved to obtain the FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
According to the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy, the qualified radial dimension of the FeV80 alloy product is 1-5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on the basis of the traditional cooling and crushing process, the method changes the internal crystal form in the FeV80 alloy solidification process by increasing the vibration operation, reduces the unit alloy fine powder generation amount, and reduces the alloy component segregation, thereby effectively improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy and improving the primary qualified rate of the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of the FeV80 alloy prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure of the FeV80 alloy prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The traditional cooling mode is to perform slag-metal separation and water quenching operation after the molten slag-metal in the ingot mould is cooled to be completely solidified after smelting, but the cooling time for completely solidifying the alloy is longer, and the main measurement indexes are the standing cooling time and uncertain temperature of the surface and the core of the alloy, which easily causes component segregation in the solidification process of the alloy and influences the crushing performance of the alloy.
According to the invention, the alloy before the disassembly of the furnace is solidified to a semi-solidified state by controlling the standing and cooling time, and the alloy is cooled to be completely solidified by adopting a vibration cooling mode after the disassembly of the furnace, so that the crystal structure of the alloy in the re-solidification process is improved, the component macrosegregation in the alloy solidification process is reduced, the crushing performance of the alloy is improved, and the primary qualified rate of the product is improved.
Specifically, the method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy comprises the steps of smelting, cooling and crushing, wherein the cooling comprises the following steps:
a, standing and cooling molten slag gold prepared by smelting until the alloy is in a semi-solidification state, and then separating smelting waste slag and the alloy;
b, performing sand blasting treatment on the semi-solidified alloy, and then performing vibration cooling until the alloy is completely solidified;
c, water quenching the alloy to normal temperature.
The smelting equipment adopted by the method is cylindrical smelting equipment which takes a magnesium refractory material as an inner lining and takes an iron plate as an outer sheath, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the height of an alloy cake in the equipment is 4-8: 1
The relationship between the total cooling time and the weight of the molten slag metal in the method is that the cooling time per ton of slag metal is 0.6-1 h.
The semi-solidified alloy in the step a is a vanadium-iron solid-liquid mixture with a solidified solid solution on the outer surface and a molten alloy liquid inside. The alloy is cooled to a semi-solidification state before the furnace is dismantled, mainly for controlling crystal transformation and phase transformation in the later alloy solidification process, and if the alloy is in a complete solidification state, slag and gold separation cannot be effectively realized; if the solidification state is complete, the control means for the subsequent crystal transformation and phase transformation will be ineffective.
And a step a, taking the weight of the molten slag metal as a reference for standing and cooling time, wherein the cooling time of each ton of slag metal is 0.3-0.8 h.
And a, when the alloy in the step a is in a semi-solidification state, the surface temperature of an iron outer sheath of the smelting equipment is 100-200 ℃.
And the sand blasting treatment in the step b mainly aims to perform surface finishing and remove residual waste slag on the surface of the alloy.
The vibration in the step b is intermittent vibration, the intermittent vibration mode is mainly considered from the energy consumption, the completely solidification process of the semi-solidified alloy is longer, the crystallization process and the crystal form transformation are slower, if the vibration operation is carried out all the time, the energy consumption is increased, and the intermittent vibration can improve the crystal form structure in the alloy solidification process and reduce the vibration energy consumption on the basis of increasing the alloy solidification defects.
The method mainly forms a fine crystal structure with higher crystal defects after vibration cooling, can form part of brittle phases and is beneficial to alloy crushing. If the alloy is not vibrated for cooling, columnar coarse crystals with good crystal morphology are formed in the solidification process of the alloy, and the crushing is not facilitated.
The vibration parameters have great influence on the alloy solidification effect, and the corresponding effect can be achieved only under the vibration parameters of the invention. Specifically, the vibration in the step b has the frequency of 5-20 Hz and the amplitude of 0.5-1.5 cm; the vibration cooling adopts a mode of alternately vibrating and standing, wherein the ratio of the vibration time to the standing time is 1: 4 to 8. The ratio of the vibration time to the standing time is set mainly in consideration of the vibration energy consumption and the internal defects. If the vibration is continued, the defects in the alloy are excessive, the fine powder rate in the crushing process of the alloy is easily increased, and the vibration energy consumption is greatly increased.
And the relation between the vibration cooling time and the weight of the molten slag metal in the step b is that the cooling time per ton of slag metal is 0.2-0.4 h.
The crushing of the invention is to adopt mechanical crushing equipment to carry out grading crushing on the cooled alloy and screen the cooled alloy to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size; the mechanical crushing equipment comprises coarse crushing equipment and final crushing equipment, wherein the coarse crushing equipment is a drop hammer crusher or a drilling type crusher, and the final crushing equipment is a jaw crusher; the qualified radial dimension of the FeV80 alloy is 1-5 cm.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
And after the thermal reduction reaction is finished, obtaining molten slag gold with the height ratio of the alloy cake diameter in the reaction vessel being 4: 1. And transporting the alloy to a cooling area, wherein the total cooling time is 1.0 h/ton of slag gold. Naturally standing and cooling the slag according to the cooling time of 0.8 h/ton of slag metal before the furnace is disassembled, disassembling the furnace after the cooling time is reached (the temperature of the outer surface of the reaction container is 120 +/-10 ℃ at the moment), and obtaining upper-layer smelting slag and lower-layer semi-solidified alloy cakes. And carrying out impurity removal and finishing operation on the surface of the alloy cake in time by adopting sand blasting equipment, carrying out vibration operation on the alloy cake for 1min under the conditions that the vibration frequency is 5Hz and the amplitude is 0.5cm, standing for 8min, continuing to carry out reciprocating operation of vibration cooling and standing cooling, and carrying out cooling time control according to 0.2 h/ton of slag metal after furnace removal. And after cooling, conveying the completely solidified alloy cake to a water quenching pool for water quenching. And then, carrying out grading crushing on the completely cooled alloy cake by adopting mechanical crushing equipment, and screening the crushed ferrovanadium alloy to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
Through the operation, the fine powder rate of the ferrovanadium alloy is 12.5 percent, the first-time qualified rate of the product is 86.0 percent, and the microstructure of the FeV80 alloy is shown in figure 2.
Example 2
And after the thermal reduction reaction is finished, obtaining molten slag gold with the height ratio of the alloy cake diameter in the reaction vessel being 6: 1. And transferring the alloy to a cooling area, wherein the total cooling time is 0.8 h/ton of slag metal. Cooling according to the cooling time of 0.4 h/ton of slag metal before furnace disassembly, and disassembling the furnace after the cooling time is reached (the temperature of the outer surface of the reaction container is 150 +/-10 ℃) to obtain upper-layer smelting slag and lower-layer semi-solidified alloy cakes. And carrying out impurity removal and finishing operation on the surface of the alloy cake in time by adopting sand blasting equipment, carrying out vibration operation on the alloy cake for 1min under the conditions that the vibration frequency is 10Hz and the amplitude is 1.0cm, standing for 6min, continuing to carry out reciprocating operation of vibration cooling and standing cooling, and carrying out cooling time control according to 0.4 h/ton of slag metal after furnace removal. And after cooling, conveying the completely solidified alloy cake to a water quenching pool for water quenching. And then, carrying out grading crushing on the completely cooled alloy cake by adopting mechanical crushing equipment, and screening the crushed ferrovanadium alloy to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
Through the operation, the vanadium-iron alloy fine powder rate is 9.6%, and the primary qualified rate of the product is 89.5%.
Example 3
And after the thermal reduction reaction is finished, obtaining molten slag gold with the height ratio of the alloy cake diameter in the reaction vessel being 8: 1. And transferring the alloy to a cooling area, wherein the total cooling time is 0.6 h/ton of slag metal. Cooling according to the cooling time of 0.3 h/ton of slag metal before furnace disassembly, and disassembling the furnace after the cooling time is reached (the temperature of the outer surface of the reaction container is about 150 +/-10 ℃) to obtain upper-layer smelting slag and lower-layer semi-solidified alloy cakes. And carrying out impurity removal and finishing operation on the surface of the alloy cake in time by adopting sand blasting equipment, carrying out vibration operation on the alloy cake for 1min under the conditions that the vibration frequency is 20Hz and the amplitude is 1.5cm, standing for 4min, continuing to carry out reciprocating operation of vibration cooling and standing cooling, and carrying out cooling time control according to 0.3 h/ton of slag metal after furnace removal. And after cooling, conveying the completely solidified alloy cake to a water quenching pool for water quenching. And then, carrying out grading crushing on the completely cooled alloy cake by adopting mechanical crushing equipment, and screening the crushed ferrovanadium alloy to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
Through the operation, the vanadium iron alloy fine powder rate is 8.8%, and the first-time qualified rate of the product is 91.2%.
Comparative example 1
After the thermal reduction reaction is finished, molten slag gold with the height ratio of the alloy cake diameter in the reaction vessel of 4:1 is obtained. And rapidly transferring the molten slag metal to a cooling area, controlling the cooling time according to 1.0 h/ton of slag metal, directly disassembling the furnace after the cooling time is reached, and directly transferring the furnace to a water quenching pool for water quenching after the furnace is disassembled. And then, carrying out grading crushing on the completely cooled alloy cake by adopting mechanical crushing equipment, and screening the crushed ferrovanadium alloy to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
Through the operation, the fine powder rate of the ferrovanadium alloy is 18.5 percent, the first-time qualified rate of the product is 75.2 percent, and the microstructure of the FeV80 alloy is shown in figure 1.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy comprises the steps of smelting, cooling and crushing, and is characterized in that the cooling comprises the following steps:
a, standing and cooling molten slag gold prepared by smelting until the alloy is in a semi-solidification state, and then separating smelting waste slag and the alloy;
b, performing sand blasting treatment on the semi-solidified alloy, and then performing vibration cooling until the alloy is completely solidified;
c, quenching the alloy to normal temperature;
in the step b, the vibration frequency is 5-20 Hz, the vibration amplitude is 0.5-1.5 cm, the vibration cooling adopts a mode of alternately vibrating and standing, and the ratio of the vibration time to the standing time is 1: 4 to 8.
2. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: the relation between the total cooling time and the weight of the molten slag gold is that the cooling time per ton of slag gold is 0.6-1 h.
3. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the diameter-height ratio of the alloy is 4-8: 1.
4. a method for improving the crushing performance of a FeV80 alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the relationship between the standing and cooling time and the weight of the molten slag metal is that the cooling time per ton of slag metal is 0.3-0.8 h.
5. A method for improving the crushing performance of a FeV80 alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the surface temperature of an iron outer sheath of the smelting equipment is 100-200 ℃ when the alloy is in a semi-solidification state.
6. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy as recited in claim 4, wherein: the relationship between the vibration cooling time and the weight of the molten slag metal is that the cooling time per ton of slag metal is 0.2-0.4 h.
7. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy as recited in claim 6, wherein: and in the crushing step, mechanical crushing equipment is adopted to carry out graded crushing on the cooled alloy, and the cooled alloy is screened to obtain a FeV80 alloy product with qualified size.
8. The method for improving the crushing performance of the FeV80 alloy as recited in claim 7, wherein: the qualified radial dimension of the FeV80 alloy product is 1-5 cm.
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