CN111283194A - Computer control method of intelligent manufacturing system - Google Patents
Computer control method of intelligent manufacturing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111283194A CN111283194A CN202010081922.5A CN202010081922A CN111283194A CN 111283194 A CN111283194 A CN 111283194A CN 202010081922 A CN202010081922 A CN 202010081922A CN 111283194 A CN111283194 A CN 111283194A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/77—Recycling of gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system controls a laser 3D printing system (2) by using a computer control system (1), particularly regulates processing parameters (mainly laser power) of the laser 3D printing system (2) based on monitoring of the temperature of a melting channel on the surface of laser processing, regulates the temperature and pressure environment of the laser 3D printing system (2) by using the computer control system (1) based on monitoring of the whole environment parameters in a closed molding cavity (3), brings temperature and pressure influence components brought by laser energy regulation into environment conditions, sets standard threshold values of the melting channel temperature, the environment pressure and the like as threshold value ranges by using a computer program, enables the whole regulation process to be metastable state regulation, reduces equipment starting and responding while meeting the requirement of 3D printing, the automatic detection and regulation of the interference gas further ensure the product quality and protect the equipment and instruments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent control, in particular to a computer control method of a metal laser 3D printing intelligent manufacturing system.
Background
The metal laser 3D printing is an advanced metal part manufacturing process, research on metal laser 3D printing has been developed in many colleges and universities in recent years, a computer control technology is a basis for realizing intelligent control, and the computer control technology is independent of computer control from computer modeling of a three-dimensional layer, layered slicing, laser scanning path planning and three-dimensional motion control of a multi-axis system and from real-time analysis of printing quality to real-time monitoring of a printing environment through the whole process of metal laser 3D printing. For example, chinese patent application No. 201310288137.7 discloses a 3D printing manufacturing apparatus and method for metal parts, the entire apparatus is controlled by a computer control system, the computer control system includes a computer, the computer is connected with a control card of a driving device and a control card of a laser system through data lines, except for the laser processing system, the apparatus also includes an atmosphere protection system and a heating system, the vacuum pumping and air charging control and detection of the atmosphere protection system, and the temperature control and detection of the heating system are realized by the computer control system.
The laser 3D printing quality of metal parts is related to many factors, wherein the laser energy influence is large, which is the key for determining the metal sintering or melting degree and determining the metal crystalline structure, in addition, 3D printing is carried out in a closed environment and a protective atmosphere, and the environmental pressure and temperature also have great influence on the internal and external quality of a printing layer, therefore, the realization of the metal laser 3D printing process is highly dependent on the computer control technology, and the printing quality is ensured to be another important application direction based on the accurate and automatic control of the laser energy and the printing working environment, Chinese patent application No. 201310024477.9 discloses a selective laser melting SLM atmosphere protection system, which comprises a central control system, a laser melting SLM atmosphere protection system and a computer, wherein the central control system is in communication connection with the upper computer with a human-computer interface, and the selective laser melting SLM atmosphere protection system is provided with an oxygen content sensor, The central control system can automatically adjust the pressure and the temperature of the atmosphere protection system, constant-pressure and constant-temperature forming is realized, an environment with high atmosphere cleanliness is provided for the selective laser melting SLM process, the technology fully considers a plurality of basic influence factors in the 3D printing environment, but the temperature detection is only the detection of preheating temperature but not the ambient atmosphere temperature, and although related disclosure about ambient atmosphere temperature monitoring is possible in the prior art, the temperature field of the laser processing surface is not related to the ambient temperature so far, and the ambient pressure condition is not taken into the target of environmental control.
In addition, related disclosure about monitoring of ambient atmosphere pressure may be provided in the prior art, and it is also possible to incorporate the ambient temperature and the ambient atmosphere pressure into the goal of environmental control, on one hand, as described above, no temperature and pressure influence components caused by laser energy regulation are incorporated into the ambient temperature, and on the other hand, the regulation object is also the natural atmosphere itself, and the important influence factor of the interfering gas is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system, which is used for automatically detecting, contrastively analyzing and regulating the temperature of a laser processing surface melting channel and the whole environmental factors in a closed forming cavity based on an automatic detection, analysis, regulation and control system and a computer program, so that the temperature and pressure influence components caused by laser energy regulation and control are brought into the environmental conditions, the product quality is further ensured and equipment and instruments are protected by an improved temperature and pressure control scheme and automatic detection and regulation and control of interference gas in the process.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system is used for controlling the intelligent manufacturing system, the intelligent manufacturing system is a laser 3D printing system with a closed forming cavity, the computer control system is used for adjusting processing parameters of the laser 3D printing system based on monitoring of the temperature of a melting channel of a laser processing surface, and the computer control system is used for adjusting the processing environment of the laser 3D printing system based on monitoring of the overall environment parameter in the closed forming cavity, wherein the processing parameters at least comprise laser power, and the processing environment at least comprises a temperature environment.
In the above computer-controlled method for an intelligent manufacturing system, the laser 3D printing system uses a metal powder selective laser melting process or a metal powder selective laser sintering process to manufacture a 3D printed product.
The computer control method for the intelligent manufacturing system comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a laser 3D printing system according to a set process and a set program, cleaning and ventilating a closed forming cavity by using protective gas to remove oxygen and moisture in the closed forming cavity, preheating a substrate, keeping the temperature for more than 20min to increase the environmental temperature in the closed forming cavity to a range suitable for 3D printing work, and then irradiating a 3D printing material by using laser to manufacture a 3D printing product layer by layer under the environment of the suitable protective gas atmosphere and pressure;
(2) after several layers are stably printed, real-time detecting the temperature information of the melting channel on the laser processing surface by a melting channel temperature monitoring device and transmitting a temperature signal to a computer control system, judging whether the real-time melting channel temperature of the laser processing surface is in an allowable range or not by the computer control system according to the prestored standard melting channel temperature information, if the real-time melting channel temperature deviates from the allowable range, sending a power adjusting signal to a laser power regulator by the computer control system according to the corresponding relation between the prestored standard melting channel temperature and the standard laser power, adjusting the laser power until the melting channel temperature detected by the melting channel temperature monitoring device in real time accords with the standard melting channel temperature range prestored by the computer control system, monitoring the melting channel temperature, simultaneously detecting the environmental temperature information in the closed molding cavity by a temperature environment monitoring device and transmitting the temperature signal to the computer control system, when the environmental temperature deviates from the set threshold range, the computer control system controls the temperature adjusting device to carry out cooling or heating adjustment on the environment in the closed molding cavity until the environmental temperature in the closed molding cavity meets the set conditions;
(3) and (3) continuously executing the detection and adjustment of the melt channel temperature and the environment temperature in the step (2), and ensuring that the melt channel temperature on the laser processing surface and the environment temperature in the closed forming cavity accord with a set range until the manufacturing process of the 3D printed product is completed.
According to the computer control method of the intelligent manufacturing system, the melt channel temperature monitoring device comprises a CCD infrared enhanced camera, and the acquired melt channel temperature information is melt channel temperature field information.
In the computer control method of the intelligent manufacturing system, the melt channel temperature monitoring device includes an optical pyrometer, and the collected melt channel temperature information is temperature information of a specific position inside the melt channel.
According to the computer control method of the intelligent manufacturing system, the melt channel temperature monitoring device comprises a CCD infrared enhanced camera and an optical pyrometer, and simultaneously acquires melt channel temperature field information and temperature information of a specific position in the melt channel.
The computer control method for the intelligent manufacturing system comprises the step of monitoring the temperature environment by the temperature environment monitoring device.
In the step (2) and the step (3), while the temperature of the melting channel and the ambient temperature are monitored, the pressure environment monitoring device detects the ambient pressure information in the closed molding cavity in real time and transmits a pressure signal to the computer control system, and when the ambient pressure is lower than a low-point value of a set threshold, the computer control system controls the protective gas regulating device to supplement the pressure to the closed molding cavity until the ambient pressure reaches a high-point value of the set threshold, and the judgment result shows that the ambient pressure meets the set pressure condition.
In the above-mentioned method for controlling a computer of an intelligent manufacturing system, in the steps (2) and (3), while monitoring the temperature of the melt channel, the ambient temperature and the ambient pressure, the interference gas monitoring device detects the information of the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas generated in the 3D printing process in real time and transmits an intensity and/or concentration signal to the computer control system, the interference gas is a specific gas generated by the reaction or pyrolysis of the chemical substances in the powder raw material, when the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas exceeds a high-point value of a set threshold value, the computer control system controls the gas extraction device to extract the gas in the closed forming cavity until the interference gas monitoring device does not detect the interference gas or the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas meets the low-point value of the set threshold value, and then, and the computer control system controls the protective gas regulating device to supplement pressure lost by pumping out the gas in the closed forming cavity into the closed forming cavity until the environmental pressure reaches a high-point value of a set threshold value and the environmental pressure is judged to be in accordance with the set pressure condition.
In the computer control method of the intelligent manufacturing system, the gas pumped by the air pumping device is recycled or recycled after physical and/or chemical scrubbing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the method for controlling the computer of the intelligent manufacturing system automatically detects, contrastively analyzes and regulates the temperature of the laser processing surface melting channel and the whole environmental factors in the closed forming cavity based on the automatic detection, analysis, regulation and control system and the computer program, firstly combines the laser energy regulation and control with the environmental temperature and pressure regulation and control, and the laser energy regulation and control and the environmental temperature and pressure regulation and control are not simply superposed but incorporate the temperature influence and pressure influence components caused by the laser energy regulation and control into the environmental conditions of the whole processing atmosphere, thereby improving the precision of the environmental condition regulation and control, amplifying the effect of the environmental condition regulation and control and reducing the external intervention (especially the intervention on the environmental temperature, namely artificial heating or cooling).
The invention relates to a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system, which further ensures the product quality and protects equipment and instruments by introducing the component of laser energy change and automatically detecting and regulating and controlling interfering gas through an improved temperature and pressure control scheme, wherein the computer program sets standard thresholds such as a melt channel temperature, an environment pressure and the like as threshold ranges, the whole adjusting process is metastable state adjustment, the equipment starting and responding frequency and the burden are much smaller than those of the prior steady state adjustment, the environment control condition completely meets the requirements of a 3D printing process, the interference gas generated by easily-pyrolyzed chemical components remained in chemical preparation or mechanical ball milling preparation of metal powder or easily-pyrolyzed organic substances serving as auxiliary agents is detected and eliminated in real time, and the interference gas is automatically detected and threshold is eliminated based on an automatic detection and analysis system and the computer program in the process Contrastive analysis, and then guarantee the stability of 3D printing environment through subsequent exhaust and pressure compensation, when guaranteeing product quality, also stabilized the laser light path, protected optics and electron device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The components represented by the reference numerals in the figures are:
the device comprises a computer control system 1, a laser 3D printing system 2, a closed forming cavity 3, a forming workbench 4, a powder supply device 5, a pressure environment monitoring device 6, a temperature environment monitoring device 7, a melting channel temperature monitoring device 8, a temperature adjusting device 9, a protective gas adjusting device 10, an interference gas monitoring device 11 and an air extracting device 12.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, and this embodiment uses the computer control system 1 to control the intelligent manufacturing system, which is a laser 3D printing system 2 having a closed molding cavity 3.
The laser 3D printing system 2 adopts a metal powder selective laser melting process or a metal powder selective laser sintering process to manufacture a 3D printed product, as shown in fig. 1, the laser 3D printing system 2 includes a closed molding cavity 3, a molding workbench 4 and a powder supply device 5 are arranged in the closed molding cavity, and an indispensable laser scanning system is also provided, the selective laser sintering/melting laser 3D printing technology is well known to those skilled in the art, and the working process is as follows: the powder supply device 5 lays metal powder on the forming workbench 4, the laser scanning system controls the laser galvanometer to scan the current metal powder layer according to the current layer slicing program preset by the computer to generate the current layer, then the base plate of the forming workbench 4 descends by one powder layer height, the powder laying process of the powder supply device 5 and the scanning process of the laser scanning system are repeated, the layer-by-layer manufacturing is carried out until an entity product is obtained, and the whole process is automatically carried out under the control of the computer.
The selective laser sintering/melting process is carried out under the protective atmosphere, and the environment in the airtight molding cavity 3 needs to be stable or controllable, so this embodiment implements environment regulation and control through environment monitoring device and environment adjusting device, environment monitoring device includes temperature environment monitoring device 7 first, through computer control system 1 is based on the monitoring implementation to whole temperature environmental parameter in the airtight molding cavity 3 is right the regulation of laser 3D printing system 2's processing environment.
As mentioned above, the laser 3D printing quality of the metal product is greatly influenced by the laser energy, which is the key for determining the metal sintering or melting degree and determining the metal crystalline structure, and the laser energy also influences the environmental conditions of the whole 3D printing, therefore, as an important object of the present invention, in this embodiment, the temperature field of the laser processing surface is related to the environmental temperature, and the temperature influence component caused by the laser energy regulation is included in the environmental temperature, and the technical means for achieving this object is that while the computer control system 1 is used for regulating the processing environment of the laser 3D printing system 2 based on the monitoring of the overall temperature environmental parameter in the closed molding cavity 3, the computer control system 1 is used for regulating the laser parameter of the laser 3D printing system 2 based on the monitoring of the laser processing surface melt channel temperature, the laser parameters here refer mainly to the laser power. The specific control steps are as follows:
1. starting the laser 3D printing system 2 according to a set process and a set program, cleaning and ventilating the closed molding cavity 3 by using protective gas to remove oxygen and water vapor in the closed molding cavity 3, preheating the substrate and preserving heat for more than 20min to increase the ambient temperature in the closed molding cavity 3 to a range suitable for 3D printing work, and then irradiating the 3D printing material by using laser to manufacture a 3D printing product layer by layer in a suitable protective gas atmosphere pressure environment;
2. after a plurality of layers are stably printed, detecting the temperature information of the melting channel on the surface of the laser processing in real time through a melting channel temperature monitoring device 8 and transmitting a temperature signal to a computer control system 1, judging whether the temperature of the melting channel on the surface of the laser processing is in an allowable range or not through the computer control system 1 according to pre-stored standard melting channel temperature information, if the temperature of the melting channel is deviated from the allowable range, sending a power adjusting signal to a laser power regulator through the computer control system 1 according to the corresponding relation between the pre-stored standard melting channel temperature and the standard laser power, adjusting the laser power until the temperature of the melting channel detected in real time by the melting channel temperature monitoring device 8 accords with the standard melting channel temperature range pre-stored by the computer control system 1, detecting the environmental temperature information in the closed molding cavity 3 in real time through a temperature environment monitoring device 7 and transmitting the temperature signal to the computer control system 1, when the environmental temperature deviates from the set threshold range, the computer control system 1 controls the temperature adjusting device 9 to perform cooling or heating adjustment on the environment in the closed molding cavity 3 until the environmental temperature in the closed molding cavity 3 meets the set conditions;
3. and (3) continuously executing the detection and adjustment of the melt channel temperature and the environment temperature in the step (2), and ensuring that the melt channel temperature on the laser processing surface and the environment temperature in the closed forming cavity (3) accord with a set range until the manufacturing process of the 3D printed product is completed.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the melting channel temperature monitoring device 8 includes a CCD infrared enhanced camera, the acquired melting channel temperature information is melting channel temperature field information, the CCD infrared enhanced camera generates a melting channel temperature field based on infrared thermography, further generates a laser power adjusting instruction through pre-processed empirical data and a built-in algorithm (such as PID algorithm) program built in the computer control system 1, and directly controls adjustment of laser power by sending a related instruction to a laser power adjuster, which is known in the art, in addition, as a variable scheme, the melting channel temperature monitoring device 8 may also be an optical pyrometer, which is different from the CCD camera, and mainly acquires temperature information at a specific position inside the melting channel, more commonly, temperature information at the center of the melting channel, and also acquires temperature information at a position deviated from the center of the melting channel by a certain distance, mainly used for calculating average data or correcting the central temperature. When the temperature field information of the melting channel and the temperature information of the specific position in the melting channel are simultaneously used as monitoring objects and used as the basis for adjusting the laser power, better control precision and better control effect can be obtained inevitably.
In this embodiment, the temperature environment monitoring device 7 may be a high-precision temperature sensor that is mature in the market.
In this embodiment, the temperature adjusting device 9 is used for cooling or heating the environment in the closed molding cavity 3, and in the actual application process, if 3D printing is a continuous process, the general environment temperature is a rising trend, so the temperature adjusting device can be only a refrigerating air conditioning system, and certainly, the temperature adjusting device has the refrigerating and heating functions at the same time, so that the actual needs can be better met.
Example 2
Still referring to fig. 1, monitoring of the working pressure of the forming chamber during laser 3D printing is critical, and the pressure and temperature conditions of the protective atmosphere have relevance, in the embodiment, the pressure environment monitoring device 6 is preferably adopted to detect the environmental pressure information in the closed molding cavity 3 in real time and transmit a pressure signal to the computer control system 1, so that, during the process following step 2 and step 3 of example 1, while monitoring the temperature of the melt channel and the ambient temperature, the pressure environment monitoring device 6 is also used for detecting the environmental pressure information in the closed molding cavity 3 in real time and transmitting a pressure signal to the computer control system 1, when the environmental pressure is lower than the low-point value of the set threshold, the computer control system 1 controls the protective gas regulating device 10 to supplement the pressure into the closed forming cavity 3 until the environmental pressure reaches the high-point value of the set threshold, and the protective gas regulating device is judged to meet the set pressure condition.
It should be noted that the invention integrates the laser processing surface melting channel temperature and the temperature and pressure environment factors in the closed forming cavity for automatic detection, comparative analysis and regulation, is not a simple superposition, but the temperature influence and pressure influence component brought by laser energy regulation and control to the processing atmosphere are brought into the temperature and pressure environmental conditions of the whole processing atmosphere, thereby improving the precision of the regulation and control of the environmental conditions, amplifying the effect of the regulation and control of the environmental conditions, reducing the external intervention (such as artificial heating or cooling), in addition, the computer program of the invention sets the standard threshold values of the melt channel temperature, the environment pressure and the like as the threshold value ranges, the whole adjusting process is metastable state adjustment, the equipment starting and responding frequency and the burden are much smaller than those of the steady state adjustment in the prior art, and the environment control condition completely meets the requirements of the 3D printing process.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention. As mentioned above, as another important improvement of the present invention, the present invention considers the influence of the interference gas, therefore, the present embodiment also detects the intensity and/or concentration information of the interference gas generated in the 3D printing process in real time by the interference gas monitoring device 11 and transmits the intensity and/or concentration signal to the computer control system 1.
The necessity of providing the disturbing gas monitoring device 11 for detecting the information on the intensity and/or concentration of the disturbing gas is that in many cases the influence of the disturbing gas is not negligible, and the gas not only affects the basic environment, but may itself be harmful, such as affecting the scanning accuracy and the actual power of the laser beam path, such as causing contamination or damage to sensitive optical or electronic devices, and in some cases may react with molten metal to generate undesirable structures or inclusions, and the disturbing gas is generated because most metal powders are chemically or mechanically ball-milled during the manufacturing process, many of which are mixed with, for example, residual ball-milling media, residual protective agents, surfactants, and other organic media, and many of which are not completely removed during the drying of the powder, and in some products, powder components may be complex per se, some metal parts are actually composite materials formed by mixing a plurality of components by taking metal as a matrix, some bonding or flow aids may be intentionally added in some powder preparation or powder feeding processes, or some organic carbon sources aiming at generating carbonaceous reinforcements are added, and the directional decomposition of the organic carbon sources may generate beneficial reinforcements such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and the like, but other gas interference is also brought.
According to the invention, the specific gas to be detected can be CO according to actual needs2One or more of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, ether, low boiling point metal vapor, corrosive gas and the like, most of which are generated by the reaction or pyrolysis of residual components in the physical or chemical preparation of the powder, for example, the pyrolysis of residual surfactant in the chemical preparation of metal powder generally has CO2And ether generation, and some components from the metal powder itself, the hazard of which is manifold, for example, it is believed that corrosive gases containing S have a significant negative impact on the products being produced or on the equipment, and that some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may contaminate sensitive optical electronics, by way of example and not limitation, and the interfering gas monitoring device 11 in this embodiment may comprise a laser plasma-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detector developed by the northeast university research team.
As shown in fig. 2, the laser 3D printing system 2 of the present embodiment includes, in addition to the protective gas regulating device 10 for supplementing and maintaining the pressure in the closed molding cavity 3, an air extracting device 12, and the air extracting device 12 is used for extracting the interference gas generated in the closed molding cavity 3, so that, during the steps 2 and 3 following the embodiment 2, while monitoring the melt path temperature, the ambient temperature, and the ambient pressure, the interference gas monitoring device 11 is used for detecting the intensity and/or concentration information of the interference gas generated in the 3D printing process in real time and transmitting the intensity and/or concentration signal to the computer control system 1, and when the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas exceeds the high-point value of the set threshold, the computer control system 1 controls the air extracting device 12 to extract the gas in the closed molding cavity 3 until the interference gas monitoring device 11 cannot detect the interference gas or the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas The computer control system 1 controls the protective gas regulating device 10 to supplement the pressure lost by the gas in the closed molding cavity 3 into the closed molding cavity 3 until the environmental pressure reaches the high point value of the set threshold value, and the computer control system determines that the set pressure condition is met.
As shown in fig. 2, the computer control system 1 controls the on-off or flow rate of the shielding gas in the pressure supplementing process by controlling the electromagnetic valve connected with the shielding gas adjusting device 10, the computer control system 1 controls the on-off or flow rate of the air extracting process by controlling the electromagnetic valve connected with the air extracting device 12, in this embodiment, the pressure environment monitoring device 6 and the interference gas monitoring device 11 are both arranged at the far ends of the shielding gas adjusting device 10 and the air extracting device 12, the air extracting device 12 is arranged at the middle upper part of the closed molding cavity 3, the main function of performing air exchange through the air extracting device 12 is to intermittently reduce the concentration of the specific interference gas in the closed molding cavity 3, and not to the whole replacement of the gas in the closed molding cavity 3, for a large-sized cavity, if the shielding gas cannot be recycled, the cost caused by the whole replacement of the high frequency of the atmosphere is not negligible, while the continuous operation of the partial replacement process in the present technology is equivalent to renewing the entire atmosphere in the closed molding cavity 3, the replacement process is much more gradual, and the cost can be reduced as much as possible even when the protective gas cannot be recycled. Of course, in the case of physical or chemical scrubbing at a relatively low cost, it is preferable to recover and recycle the shielding gas, but in practice some of the gas cannot be removed by subsequent physical or chemical scrubbing, or the cost of scrubbing is much higher than the cost of replacement of the shielding gas, in which case the gas extracted by the gas extractor 12 is considered to be of no recovery value and is no longer recycled into the system. In addition, in this embodiment, the computer control program may be configured such that, when the air extractor 12 is controlled by the computer control system 1 to extract the air in the sealed molding cavity 3, the pressure environment monitoring device 6 does not detect the environmental pressure in the sealed molding cavity 3 after the air extraction operation is started and before the air extraction operation is completed, and/or the computer control system 1 does not send a pressure supplement instruction to the protective gas adjusting device 10, so as to further ensure the accuracy of the response and improve the control precision and stability. In addition, more than one kind of interference gas may show strong influence in the printing process, in order to deal with the influence that various kinds of non-negligible interference gases may need to be eliminated in the processing process, the pressure interference gas monitoring device 11 may adopt sensing devices for jointly detecting various kinds of interference gases, the number is determined according to the actual requirement, the computer control system 1 correspondingly generates a control instruction based on the detection signal of each sensing device, and controls the actions of the air extraction device 12 and the protective gas adjusting device 10 to ensure that the content of each kind of monitored interference gas does not exceed the set threshold range. It should be noted that the oxygen content and the moisture content are conventional indicators, and are detected by the existing sensors, which are not in the range discussed in the scheme.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A computer control method for an intelligent manufacturing system, which uses a computer control system (1) to control the intelligent manufacturing system, characterized in that the intelligent manufacturing system is a laser 3D printing system (2) with a closed molding cavity (3), the computer control system (1) is used to adjust the processing parameters of the laser 3D printing system (2) based on the monitoring of the melting channel temperature of the laser processing surface, and the computer control system (1) is used to adjust the processing environment of the laser 3D printing system (2) based on the monitoring of the overall environment parameters in the closed molding cavity (3), wherein the processing parameters at least include laser power, and the processing environment at least includes a temperature environment.
2. The smart manufacturing system computer control method of claim 1, wherein the laser 3D printing system (2) uses a metal powder selective laser melting process or a metal powder selective laser sintering process to manufacture the 3D printed product.
3. The intelligent manufacturing system computer control method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) starting a laser 3D printing system (2) according to a set process and a set program, cleaning and ventilating a closed molding cavity (3) by using protective gas to remove oxygen and water vapor in the closed molding cavity (3), preheating a substrate and preserving heat for more than 20min to increase the ambient temperature in the closed molding cavity (3) to a range suitable for 3D printing work, and then irradiating a 3D printing material by laser to manufacture a 3D printing product layer by layer in a suitable protective gas atmosphere pressure environment;
(2) after several layers are stably printed, real-time detection is carried out on the temperature information of the melting channel on the surface of the laser processing through a melting channel temperature monitoring device (8) and temperature signals are transmitted to a computer control system (1), the computer control system (1) judges whether the real-time melting channel temperature of the surface of the laser processing is in an allowable range according to prestored standard melting channel temperature information, if the real-time melting channel temperature deviates from the allowable range, the computer control system (1) sends a power adjusting signal to a laser power adjuster according to the corresponding relation between the prestored standard melting channel temperature and the standard laser power, the laser power is adjusted until the melting channel temperature detected in real time by the melting channel temperature monitoring device (8) accords with the prestored standard melting channel temperature range of the computer control system (1), and when the melting channel temperature is monitored, the environmental temperature information in the closed molding cavity (3) is detected in real time through a temperature environment monitoring device (7) and the temperature signals are transmitted to the computer control system (1) When the environmental temperature deviates from a set threshold range, the computer control system (1) controls the temperature adjusting device (9) to carry out cooling or heating adjustment on the environment in the closed molding cavity (3) until the environmental temperature in the closed molding cavity (3) meets a set condition;
(3) and (3) continuously executing the detection and adjustment of the melt channel temperature and the environment temperature in the step (2), and ensuring that the melt channel temperature on the laser processing surface and the environment temperature in the closed forming cavity (3) accord with a set range until the manufacturing process of the 3D printed product is completed.
4. The computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to claim 3, wherein the melt channel temperature monitoring device (8) comprises a CCD infrared enhanced camera, and the melt channel temperature information collected by the camera is melt channel temperature field information.
5. A smart manufacturing system computer control method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the melt channel temperature monitoring means (8) comprises an optical pyrometer which collects melt channel temperature information at specific locations within the melt channel.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the melt channel temperature monitoring means (8) comprises a CCD infrared camera and an optical pyrometer, and collects information on the melt channel temperature field and the temperature of a specific location inside the melt channel.
7. A smart manufacturing system computer control method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature environment monitoring means (7) comprises a high precision temperature sensor.
8. The computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), while monitoring the temperature of the melting channel and the ambient temperature, the pressure environment monitoring device (6) is used for detecting the ambient pressure information in the closed forming cavity (3) in real time and transmitting a pressure signal to the computer control system (1), and when the ambient pressure is lower than a low-point value of a set threshold, the computer control system (1) controls the protective gas regulating device (10) to supplement the pressure to the closed forming cavity (3) until the ambient pressure reaches a high-point value of the set threshold, and the judgment is that the set pressure condition is met.
9. The computer control method of an intelligent manufacturing system according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), while monitoring the melt channel temperature, the ambient temperature and the ambient pressure, the interference gas monitoring device (11) is used for detecting the intensity and/or concentration information of the interference gas generated in the 3D printing process in real time and transmitting an intensity and/or concentration signal to the computer control system (1), wherein the interference gas is a specific gas generated by the reaction or pyrolysis of the chemical substances in the powder raw material, when the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas exceeds a high-point value of a set threshold value, the computer control system (1) controls the gas extraction device (12) to extract the gas in the closed molding cavity (3) until the interference gas monitoring device (11) detects no interference gas or the intensity and/or concentration of the interference gas meets a low-point value condition of the set threshold value, then, the computer control system (1) controls the protective gas regulating device (10) to supplement pressure lost by pumping out gas in the closed forming cavity (3) into the closed forming cavity (3) until the environmental pressure reaches a high-point value of a set threshold value and is judged to be in accordance with a set pressure condition.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the gas pumped by the gas pumping device (12) is recycled or recovered after physical and/or chemical scrubbing.
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